Lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system test platform for energy storage power station

Abstract

The utility model provides a lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system test platform for an energy storage power station, and relates to the technical field of battery early warning, the test platform (1) adopts a modular structure, each functional unit is an independent module, and the test platform comprises a test cabin (2); the test battery (3) is positioned in the test cabin (2); the collector group (4) comprises a characteristic gas collector (41), a temperature collector (42) and a solid particle collector (43), and the collector group (4) is arranged around the test battery (3); the data processing center (5) comprises a data processing unit (51) and data storage equipment (52) and is connected with the collectors and the control system (7) through anti-interference cables; the early warning system (6) is connected with the data processing center (5) and comprises an early warning signal generator (61), an early warning measure control unit (62) and an early warning measure execution device (63); and the control system (7) is arranged in a control room (8) and is connected with each module through an anti-interference cable. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway monitoring system can comprehensively and timely detect and respond to various forebodes of lithium ion battery thermal runaway, and the safety and the reliability of an energy storage power station are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of battery early warning, in particular to a test platform for a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway early warning system for an energy storage power station. Background Art

[0002] In currently operating energy storage power stations, there are various lithium battery fire warning devices. Most of them, in addition to traditional fire-fighting facilities such as temperature sensors and smoke detectors, are also equipped with single-threshold alarm devices such as gas sensors. In addition, the battery management system (BMS) can online monitor multiple key parameters of the battery, but the BMS only protects the battery body and the early warning technology is not yet mature. At present, the safety hazards targeted by each monitoring device in the energy storage power station are different, but there are problems of being independent of each other and failing to achieve complementary functions. There is no objective evaluation method and test platform for the comparison of multiple early warning schemes, and it is impossible to provide technical support for selecting the optimal early warning scheme.

[0003] The Chinese utility model patent with the application number CN202223114511.5 discloses a thermal runaway early warning device for energy storage lithium-ion batteries. A number of series-parallel connected energy storage battery monomers are installed in the battery module housing, and a safety valve is provided on each energy storage battery monomer. The device includes: a sound detector disposed on the inner wall of the battery module housing; a pressure detector disposed on the inner wall of the battery module housing; a logic controller, the sound detector and the pressure detector are respectively connected to the logic controller; an alarm disposed outside the battery module housing and connected to the logic controller. This utility model performs real-time detection through sound and pressure, and uses the logic controller to judge the battery state to achieve thermal runaway early warning. However, the battery characteristics involved in this scheme are still not comprehensive enough to achieve accurate early warning and rapid response. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] In view of this, the utility model provides a test platform for a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway early warning system for an energy storage power station. A comprehensive, efficient and safe test environment is established for the research and development of a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway early warning system. Through the integration of multi-parameter monitoring, real-time data processing, accurate early warning and multiple protection measures, this platform aims to comprehensively simulate and evaluate the possible thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries in an energy storage power station, so as to develop a more reliable and effective early warning system, ultimately improving the safety and reliability of large-scale energy storage power stations and reducing the risk and potential losses of thermal runaway accidents.

[0005] The utility model provides a test platform for a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway early warning system for an energy storage power station. The test platform adopts a modular structure, and each functional unit is an independent module, including:

[0006] A test chamber, which has a multi-level structure. The interior of the test chamber is vertically divided into three layers, and each layer is independent of each other;

[0007] Test batteries, located in the test cabin, with test batteries provided in each layer of the test cabin;

[0008] The collector group includes a characteristic gas collector, a temperature collector, and a solid particle collector, and the collector group is arranged around the test battery;

[0009] The data processing center includes a data processing unit and a data storage device, which are connected to each collector and the control system through anti-interference cables;

[0010] The warning system is connected to the data processing center and includes a warning signal generator, a warning measure control unit, and a warning measure execution device;

[0011] The control system is installed in the control room and is connected to each module through anti-interference cables.

[0012] On the basis of the above technical solutions, preferably, the data processing unit is integrated in the data processing center and is directly connected to the collector group. A threshold setting module and a multi-parameter judgment logic circuit are integrated in the data processing unit. The threshold setting module is connected to the control system, and the multi-parameter judgment logic circuit receives the threshold data from the threshold setting module and the real-time data of the collector group.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical solutions, preferably, the multi-parameter judgment logic circuit includes:

[0014] Three input comparators, namely the first input comparator C1, the second input comparator C2, and the third input comparator C3. The first input signal T corresponds to temperature, the second input signal G corresponds to the concentration of characteristic gas, and the third input signal P corresponds to the number of solid particles. The first input signal, the second input signal, and the third input signal are respectively compared with the threshold data through the first input comparator C1, the second input comparator C2, and the third input comparator C3;

[0015] Three AND gates, namely the first AND gate A1, the second AND gate A2, and the third AND gate A3. Among them, the input of the first AND gate A1 is the outputs of the first input comparator C1 and the second input comparator C2, the input of the second AND gate A2 is the outputs of the second input comparator C2 and the third input comparator C3, and the input of the third AND gate A3 is the outputs of the first input comparator C1 and the third input comparator C3;

[0016] A three-input OR gate O1, whose inputs are the outputs of the first AND gate A1, the second AND gate A2, and the third AND gate A3;

[0017] A three-input AND gate A4, whose inputs are the outputs of the first input comparator C1, the second input comparator C2, and the third input comparator C3;

[0018] A two-input OR gate O2, whose inputs are the outputs of a three-input OR gate O1 and a three-input AND gate A4;

[0019] Wherein:

[0020] The output terminals of the first input comparator C1, the second input comparator C2, and the third input comparator C3 are respectively connected to the input terminals of the first AND gate A1, the second AND gate A2, and the third AND gate A3; the output terminals of the first input comparator C1, the second input comparator C2, and the third input comparator C3 are also directly connected to the input terminal of the three-input AND gate A4; the output terminals of the first AND gate A1, the second AND gate A2, and the third AND gate A3 are connected to the input terminal of the three-input OR gate O1; the output terminals of the three-input OR gate O1 and the three-input AND gate A4 are connected to the input terminal of the two-input OR gate O2; the output of the two-input OR gate O2 is the warning signal Y.

[0021] More preferably, the warning signal generator is connected to the multi-parameter judgment logic circuit, receives the output of the multi-parameter judgment logic circuit, and issues a warning signal;

[0022] The warning measure control unit is connected to the warning signal generator. After receiving the warning signal, it outputs an execution instruction;

[0023] The warning measure execution unit is connected to the warning measure control unit. After receiving the execution instruction, it starts the corresponding execution device, wherein the execution device includes an automatic fire extinguishing system, an emergency heat dissipation system, and a battery isolation device.

[0024] More preferably, the automatic fire extinguishing system includes:

[0025] The fire extinguishing agent storage tank is arranged on the top of the test platform and stores water-based fire extinguishing agent or inert gas;

[0026] The spraying pipeline network is a spraying pipeline system covering all floors of the test chamber, which is connected to the fire extinguishing agent storage tank and the nozzles;

[0027] A plurality of nozzles are installed on the top and side walls of the test chamber;

[0028] The solenoid valve, which is a valve for controlling the release of the fire extinguishing agent, is arranged near the can of the fire extinguishing agent storage tank;

[0029] The pressure sensor is connected to the control unit to monitor the pressure state of the fire extinguishing agent storage tank;

[0030] The first control unit is installed in the control room and is connected to the prevention measure control unit to receive the start instruction. The first control unit is also connected to the solenoid valve, and it controls the solenoid valve according to the start instruction.

[0031] More preferably, the spraying pipeline system includes:

[0032] The main pipeline is the main pipeline that vertically penetrates all layers of the test chamber. The main pipeline is connected to the fire extinguishing agent storage tank through a high-pressure hose, and a main control valve is provided at the connection;

[0033] The interlayer connecting pipe is connected to the main pipeline through a T-shaped joint, and an interlayer control valve is provided at each connection;

[0034] The branch pipeline is connected to the interlayer connecting pipe through a tee fitting or an elbow fitting, and a partition control valve is provided at the connection;

[0035] The exhaust pipeline is connected to the main pipeline;

[0036] Among them, the nozzle is connected to the branch pipeline and fixed by threads.

[0037] More preferably, the emergency heat dissipation system includes:

[0038] A high-power fan for rapid cooling;

[0039] The coolant circulation system includes a coolant storage tank, a coolant pump, and a heat dissipation pipeline. The heat dissipation pipeline is arranged in a snake shape on the outer wall of the test chamber, and the coolant circulation system is connected to the test battery;

[0040] The radiator is installed outside the test chamber and connected to the coolant circulation system. The radiator adopts a large-area fin design, and a protective fence is provided around the radiator;

[0041] The temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the test chamber, is set on the outer wall and the side wall of the test chamber, and is connected to the high-power fan and the heat dissipation pipeline;

[0042] The second control unit is installed in the control room, is connected to the preventive measure control unit, receives the start instruction, and the second control unit is also connected to the high-power fan and the coolant pump, and controls the high-power fan and the coolant pump according to the start instruction.

[0043] More preferably, the battery isolation device includes:

[0044] A circuit breaker installed at the connection point between the test battery and the external circuit;

[0045] A physical isolation barrier, which is a fireproof isolation board, installed around the test battery;

[0046] An airtight device integrated with the physical isolation barrier, arranged around the test battery;

[0047] A driving motor installed on the operating mechanisms of the physical isolation barrier and the airtight device;

[0048] A position sensor installed on the physical isolation barrier and the airtight device to monitor their opening and closing states;

[0049] The third control unit is installed in the control room and is connected to the preventive measure control unit to receive a start instruction. The third control unit is also connected to a drive motor and a position sensor, and controls the actions of the physical isolation barrier and the airtight seal device according to the start instruction.

[0050] More preferably, the early warning system further includes an audible and visual alarm device, which is connected to the early warning signal generator. The audible and visual alarm device includes:

[0051] A high-decibel alarm is installed outside the test chamber and in the control room for emitting an alarm sound;

[0052] An LED warning light is installed outside the test chamber, at the entrances of each layer of the test chamber, and in the control room for emitting a visual warning;

[0053] An information display screen is installed in the control room for displaying warning information and the fault location;

[0054] The audible and visual alarm device activates an alarm at a corresponding level according to the output of the early warning signal generator.

[0055] More preferably, each collector in the collector group is installed with a telescopic bracket, and a universal joint is provided at the top of the bracket.

[0056] The test platform of the lithium-ion battery thermal runaway early warning system for energy storage power stations provided by the present utility model has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0057] (1) By integrating multi-parameter monitoring, real-time data processing, precise early warning, and multiple protection measures, it can comprehensively and timely detect and respond to various precursors of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway, significantly improve the safety and reliability of the energy storage power station, and reduce the risk and potential losses of accidents caused by battery thermal runaway;

[0058] (2) The multi-parameter judgment logic circuit combines the real-time data of three key parameters, namely temperature, characteristic gas concentration, and solid particle number, and compares them with preset thresholds. When the data reaches or exceeds the thresholds, it triggers an early warning signal. In this way, a more accurate and timely early warning of thermal runaway is achieved, and the sensitivity and accuracy of the early warning system are improved;

[0059] (3) Combining an automatic fire extinguishing system, an emergency heat dissipation system, and a battery isolation device, a multi-level and all-round protection system is constructed, which can automatically start corresponding prevention and control measures according to the thermal runaway conditions of different severities, significantly improve the system's ability to respond to various emergencies, and maximize the control of the spread and impact of thermal runaway accidents;

[0060] (4) Adopting modular design and standardized interfaces, the test platform has good flexibility and scalability. It is not only convenient for system maintenance and upgrade, but also can quickly adapt to different types of lithium-ion batteries and various test requirements, greatly improving the versatility and long-term use value of the test platform. Description of the Drawings

[0061] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0062] Figure 1 It is the test platform architecture diagram provided by the present invention;

[0063] Figure 2 It is the multi-parameter judgment logic circuit diagram provided by the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0064] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] The present invention discloses a test platform for a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway early warning system for an energy storage power station. Referring to Figure 1 , the test platform 1 adopts a modular structure, and each functional unit is an independent module, including:

[0066] The test chamber 2, which has a multi-level structure. The interior of the test chamber 2 is vertically divided into three layers, and each layer is independent of each other;

[0067] The test battery 3 is located in the test chamber 2, and test batteries are provided in each layer of the test chamber 2;

[0068] The collector group 4 includes a characteristic gas collector 41, a temperature collector 42, and a solid particle collector 43. The collector group 4 is arranged around the test battery 3;

[0069] The data processing center 5 includes a data processing unit 51 and a data storage device 52, which are connected to each collector and the control system 7 through anti-interference cables;

[0070] The early warning system 6, connected to the data processing center 5, includes an early warning signal generator 61, an early warning measure control unit 62, and an early warning measure execution device 63;

[0071] The control system 7 is installed in the control room 8 and is connected to each module through an anti-interference cable.

[0072] In this embodiment, the entire test platform 1 is designed as a modular structure, and each functional unit (such as the test chamber 2, the collector group 4, the data processing center 5, etc.) is an independent module. This can facilitate the replacement, upgrade, or maintenance of each part.

[0073] In this embodiment, the core of the test platform 1 is a multi-level test chamber 2 in the shape of a cube, made of high-temperature resistant materials. The interior of the test chamber 2 is vertically divided into three layers, and each layer can conduct tests independently to improve test efficiency. Each layer is equipped with an independent collector group 4 and a control system 7, etc., to improve test efficiency.

[0074] In this embodiment, the characteristic gas collector 41 includes a CO gas collector, an H 2 gas collector, and a Voc gas collector. The solid particle collector 43 includes a dust particle counter. Each collector in the collector group 4 is equipped with a telescopic bracket, and a universal joint is provided at the top of the bracket. Among them, the telescopic bracket is composed of multiple tubular structures and can be extended or shortened. It is made of a light but strong material, such as aluminum alloy or carbon fiber. This bracket can adjust the height of the collector according to needs. The universal joint is composed of multiple mutually perpendicular rotating shafts, allowing the collector to rotate freely in multiple directions and can precisely adjust the orientation and angle of the collector.

[0075] In this embodiment, the composition of the data processing center 5 is as follows: The data processing unit 51: The core component, responsible for receiving, processing, and analyzing data. The data storage device 52: Stores experimental data, logs, and analysis results.

[0076] The data processing center 5 uses anti-interference cables to connect each collector 4 and the control system 7 to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission. The anti-interference cable can effectively reduce electromagnetic interference and improve the accuracy of data transmission.

[0077] The data processing unit 51 is integrated into the data processing center 5 and is directly connected to the collector group 4 to ensure the rapid transmission of real-time data. Its internal structure includes: A threshold setting module: Used to set the warning thresholds of each parameter. A multi-parameter judgment logic circuit: The core processing unit, which conducts data analysis and judgment.

[0078] In this embodiment, the threshold setting module is connected to the control system, allowing operators to flexibly adjust the thresholds according to different experimental requirements. This includes temperature thresholds, characteristic gas concentration thresholds, solid particle quantity thresholds, etc.

[0079] The multi-parameter judgment logic circuit receives two types of data, namely threshold data from the threshold setting module and real-time monitoring data from the collector group. Its purpose is to compare the monitoring data with the set threshold in real time, comprehensively analyze the change trends of multiple parameters, and judge whether to trigger an early warning according to the preset logic rules.

[0080] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 shown, the multi-parameter judgment logic circuit includes:

[0081] Three input comparators, namely the first input comparator C1, the second input comparator C2, and the third input comparator C3. The first input signal T corresponds to temperature, the second input signal G corresponds to the concentration of characteristic gas, and the third input signal P corresponds to the number of solid particles. The first input signal, the second input signal, and the third input signal are respectively compared with the threshold data via the first input comparator C1, the second input comparator C2, and the third input comparator C3.

[0082] Three AND gates, the first AND gate A1, the second AND gate A2, and the third AND gate A3. Among them, the input of the first AND gate A1 is the outputs of the first input comparator C1 and the second input comparator C2, the input of the second AND gate A2 is the outputs of the second input comparator C2 and the third input comparator C3, and the input of the third AND gate A3 is the outputs of the first input comparator C1 and the third input comparator C3.

[0083] A three-input OR gate O1, whose inputs are the outputs of the first AND gate A1, the second AND gate A2, and the third AND gate A3.

[0084] A three-input AND gate A4, whose inputs are the outputs of the first input comparator C1, the second input comparator C2, and the third input comparator C3.

[0085] A two-input OR gate O2, whose inputs are the outputs of the three-input OR gate O1 and the three-input AND gate A4.

[0086] Among them:

[0087] The output terminals of the first input comparator C1, the second input comparator C2, and the third input comparator C3 are respectively connected to the input terminals of the first AND gate A1, the second AND gate A2, and the third AND gate A3; the output terminals of the first input comparator C1, the second input comparator C2, and the third input comparator C3 are also directly connected to the input terminal of the three-input AND gate A4 at the same time; the output terminals of the first AND gate A1, the second AND gate A2, and the third AND gate A3 are connected to the input terminal of the three-input OR gate O1; the output terminals of the three-input OR gate O1 and the three-input AND gate A4 are connected to the input terminal of the two-input OR gate O2; the output of the two-input OR gate O2 is the early warning signal Y.

[0088] The working principle of this circuit is as follows: If any two parameters exceed the threshold, O1 will output a high level; if all three parameters exceed the threshold, A4 will output a high level; as long as either O1 or A4 outputs a high level, O2 will output a high level to trigger the warning signal.

[0089] Specifically, using this circuit can ensure that the warning signal is triggered when two or three parameters are abnormal simultaneously.

[0090] In this embodiment, the warning system is connected to the data processing center to ensure real-time data interaction. It includes a warning signal generator, a warning measure control unit, and a warning measure execution device.

[0091] The warning signal generator is directly connected to the multi-parameter judgment logic circuit and generates a warning signal based on the output of the logic circuit. Specifically, there will be warning signals of different levels corresponding to different degrees of danger.

[0092] The warning measure control unit receives the warning signal and analyzes it, and generates corresponding execution instructions according to the warning level and type.

[0093] The warning measure execution unit receives and executes the instructions from the control unit, including three main execution devices: an automatic fire extinguishing system, an emergency heat dissipation system, and a battery isolation device.

[0094] The automatic fire extinguishing system includes:

[0095] A fire extinguishing agent storage tank, which is set on the top of the test platform for convenient gravity transportation. It stores water-based fire extinguishing agent or inert gas and is suitable for battery fires;

[0096] A jet pipeline network, a jet pipeline system covering all floors of the test chamber, which is connected to the fire extinguishing agent storage tank and the nozzles to ensure that the fire extinguishing agent can be transported to all corners of the test chamber;

[0097] Multiple nozzles, which are installed on the top and side walls of the test chamber to provide comprehensive fire extinguishing agent spraying coverage and can quickly and evenly spray the fire extinguishing agent to the required areas;

[0098] A solenoid valve, which is a valve for controlling the release of the fire extinguishing agent. It is set near the can of the fire extinguishing agent storage tank and can quickly and accurately control the release of the fire extinguishing agent through an electrical signal;

[0099] A pressure sensor, which is connected to the control unit to monitor the pressure state of the fire extinguishing agent storage tank, ensure that the system is always in an available state, and promptly detect pressure abnormalities;

[0100] The first control unit is installed in the control room and is connected to the prevention measure control unit to receive the start instruction. The first control unit is also connected to the solenoid valve and controls the solenoid valve according to the start instruction.

[0101] The injection piping system includes:

[0102] Main pipeline, the main pipeline that runs vertically through all layers of the test cabin. The main pipeline is connected to the fire extinguishing agent storage tank through a high-pressure hose. A main control valve is provided at the connection point, which serves as the main channel for the delivery of the fire extinguishing agent;

[0103] The interlayer connecting pipe is connected to the main pipeline through a T-joint. Each connection is equipped with an interlayer control valve to distribute the fire extinguishing agent from the main pipeline to each floor;

[0104] The branch pipeline is connected to the interlayer connecting pipe through a tee pipe fitting or an elbow pipe fitting. A zone control valve is provided at the connection point to further distribute the fire extinguishing agent to specific areas;

[0105] The exhaust pipe is connected to the main pipeline to prevent excessive pressure in the system and ensure safe operation of the system;

[0106] Among them, the nozzle is connected to the branch pipe and fixed by threads.

[0107] Specifically, the working process of the automatic fire extinguishing system is as follows: 1) The preventive measures control unit sends a start command to the first control unit; 2) The first control unit sends an opening signal to the solenoid valve, and the solenoid valve opens to prepare to release the fire extinguishing agent; 3) The main control valve opens to allow the fire extinguishing agent to enter the main pipeline. According to the location of the fire, the corresponding inter-layer control valve opens, and the relevant partition control valve opens to determine the specific fire extinguishing area; 4) The fire extinguishing agent enters the main pipeline from the storage tank through a high-pressure hose, and the fire extinguishing agent enters the designated layer through the inter-layer connecting pipe. Through the branch pipeline, the fire extinguishing agent reaches a specific area, and the nozzle starts to spray the fire extinguishing agent; 5) The first control unit continuously monitors the fire extinguishing process, and the pressure sensor feeds back the pressure status of the storage tank in real time; 6) The exhaust pipe starts working to prevent excessive pressure in the system; 7) After the fire is under control, the system receives a stop command, the solenoid valve closes, the release of the fire extinguishing agent is stopped, and the control valves at all levels are closed in turn.

[0108] The automatic fire extinguishing system forms a hierarchical distribution network from the main pipeline to the interlayer connecting pipe and then to the branch pipeline, ensuring that the fire extinguishing agent can be accurately delivered to the required location. The setting of the main control valve, interlayer control valve and partition control valve allows the system to extinguish fires in specific areas as needed, avoiding unnecessary waste and potential secondary damage. The setting of the exhaust pipe ensures the safety of the system under high pressure. Through the coordination of solenoid valves and various control valves, the system can be flexibly controlled and adjusted according to different fire conditions.

[0109] In this embodiment, the emergency heat dissipation system includes:

[0110] High-power fans are used for rapid cooling; the fans use high power and can generate a large amount of airflow in a short period of time, quickly taking away heat through forced convection and reducing the temperature in the test chamber.

[0111] The coolant circulation system includes a coolant storage tank, a coolant pump, and heat dissipation pipes. The heat dissipation pipes are arranged in a serpentine shape on the outer wall of the test chamber to increase the heat dissipation area and improve the heat dissipation efficiency. The coolant circulation system is connected to the test battery; this coolant circulation system removes heat through liquid circulation to achieve continuous and stable heat dissipation.

[0112] The radiator is installed outside the test chamber and is connected to the coolant circulation system. The radiator adopts a large-area fin design to increase the heat dissipation area, and a protective fence is provided around the radiator to protect the radiator from external damage; its function is to dissipate the heat taken away by the coolant into the environment.

[0113] The temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the test chamber and is set on the outer wall and side wall of the test chamber and is connected to the high-power fan and the heat dissipation pipes.

[0114] The second control unit is installed in the control room and is connected to the preventive measure control unit to receive the start instruction. The second control unit is also connected to the high-power fan and the coolant pump, and it controls the high-power fan and the coolant pump according to the start instruction.

[0115] Specifically, the working process of the emergency heat dissipation system is as follows: 1. The preventive measure control unit sends a start instruction to the second control unit, and the second control unit is activated. 2. The second control unit starts the high-power fan, and immediately starts forced convection heat dissipation. 3. At the same time, the second control unit starts the coolant pump to start the coolant circulation. 4. The coolant passes through the test battery, absorbs heat and then flows to the radiator. 5. The radiator dissipates the heat into the environment, and the cooled coolant circulates again. 6. The system continues to work until the temperature drops to the safe range or a stop instruction is received.

[0116] It should be noted that the temperature sensor in the emergency heat dissipation system can be the same as the temperature collector of the collector group, that is, no additional temperature sensor is set, but during operation, the temperature collector is used to monitor the temperature of the test chamber.

[0117] This system combines air cooling (high-power fan) and liquid cooling (coolant circulation system) to provide fast and continuous heat dissipation capabilities. The coolant circulation system is directly connected to the test battery to improve the cooling efficiency. The serpentine arrangement of the heat dissipation pipes and the fin design of the radiator both increase the heat dissipation area. The system can start air cooling and liquid cooling separately or simultaneously according to needs to adapt to different heat dissipation requirements.

[0118] In this embodiment, the battery isolation device includes:

[0119] The circuit breaker is installed at the connection point between the test battery and the external circuit; it can quickly cut off the electrical connection between the battery and the external circuit.

[0120] Physical isolation barriers are fireproof isolation panels installed around the test battery. They are usually made of high temperature resistant and fireproof materials (such as ceramic fiberboard or special alloys) to prevent the spread of fire and protect surrounding equipment and personnel in the event of a fire. Physical isolation barriers are movable and can be quickly deployed or retracted when needed.

[0121] The airtight device, integrated with the physical isolation barrier, is set up around the test cell; it forms a closed space to prevent the leakage of harmful gases, while also controlling the oxygen supply.

[0122] The driving motor is installed on the operating mechanism of the physical isolation barrier and the air sealing device; it controls the opening and closing of the physical isolation barrier and the air sealing device, responds quickly, and can complete the isolation operation in a short time.

[0123] Position sensors, installed on physical isolation barriers and gas seals, monitor their opening and closing status; providing real-time feedback to ensure the accuracy and reliability of isolation operations.

[0124] The third control unit is installed in the control room, connected to the preventive measures control unit, and receives the start-up instruction. The third control unit is also connected to the drive motor and the position sensor, which controls the action of the physical isolation barrier and the air sealing device according to the start-up instruction.

[0125] The working process of the battery isolation device is as follows: 1. Under normal conditions, the physical isolation barrier and the gas-sealing device are in an open state, allowing normal operation and inspection. 2. The preventive measures control unit sends a start command to the third control unit: a) The third control unit activates the circuit breaker to cut off the connection between the battery and the external circuit. b) At the same time, the third control unit starts the drive motor to quickly close the physical isolation barrier and the gas-sealing device. c) The position sensor provides real-time feedback on the status of the isolation device to ensure complete closure. 3. After the isolation is completed, the system continues to monitor the status of the isolation device until the situation is under control or a release command is received. 4. When releasing the isolation, the third control unit operates in the reverse order, first opening the gas-sealing device and the physical isolation barrier, and then reconnecting the circuit breaker.

[0126] The device combines electrical isolation (circuit breaker) and physical isolation (isolation barrier and gas seal) to provide all-round protection. The drive motor and circuit breaker can complete the isolation operation in a very short time. The seal can effectively control the fire environment and prevent the spread of harmful gases. The position sensor provides real-time feedback to ensure the accuracy of the isolation operation. Even in the event of a power outage, the physical isolation barrier and gas seal can remain closed.

[0127] Specifically, in another embodiment of the utility model, the early warning system further includes an audible and visual alarm device, which is connected to the early warning signal generator, and the audible and visual alarm device includes:

[0128] High-decibel alarms are installed outside the test chamber and in the control room to emit alarm sounds. The high-decibel alarms have strong sound penetration to ensure clear hearing even in noisy environments.

[0129] LED warning lights are installed outside the test chamber, at the entrances of each floor of the test chamber, and in the control room to give visual warnings. The characteristics of the LED warning lights are: high brightness to ensure clear visibility under various light conditions; different colors (such as red, yellow, green) are used to represent different alarm levels; there are different flashing modes to further distinguish alarm types.

[0130] An information display screen is installed in the control room to display warning messages and fault locations;

[0131] The audible and visual alarm device activates the corresponding level of alarm according to the output of the early warning signal generator.

[0132] Specifically, the working process of the early warning system is as follows: 1. The early warning signal generator detects an abnormality and generates an early warning signal; 2. The early warning signal is simultaneously sent to: a) The audible and visual alarm device - to activate the alarm and warning display; b) The early warning measure control unit - to prepare to execute preventive measures; 3. The audible and visual alarm device immediately starts working to warn the on-site personnel; 4. The early warning measure control unit analyzes the early warning signal and sends appropriate execution instructions to the early warning measure execution unit; 5. The early warning measure execution unit receives the instructions and activates the corresponding execution device.

[0133] Specifically, this utility model uses a control group and an experimental group for experiments. Due to the multiple advantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries, such as high working voltage, large energy density, long cycle life, good safety performance, small self-discharge rate, and no memory effect, lithium iron phosphate batteries are selected as the test objects for overcharge and overheat tests. For the overcharge test, 3.2V - 50Ah and 3.2V - 280Ah lithium iron phosphate battery cells are selected as the test objects, and for the heating test, 3.2V - 50Ah is selected. The control group is a traditional early warning system, specifically typical and common traditional point-type smoke detectors and aspirating smoke detectors, and the experimental group uses the early warning system provided by this utility model.

[0134] In the experiment, the overcharge test of the lithium battery is designed according to the relevant requirements in GB / T 36276 - 2018. The test uses an adjustable power supply to conduct a charging test on lithium-ion battery samples. The adjustment range of the power supply is 0 - 80A. For the overcharge test objects, 50Ah and 280Ah battery cells are selected. The overcharge test of the battery monomer is carried out according to the following steps:

[0135] 1) Initialize the charging of the battery monomer;

[0136] 2) Charge the battery monomer in a constant current mode, and the charging current is the smaller value of 1C and the maximum continuous charging current of the product (the minimum value here is 50A);

[0137] 3) Observe that charging stops after the pressure relief valve of the lithium-ion battery cell opens;

[0138] 4) Analyze the variation law of the characteristic parameters released by the lithium battery before and after thermal runaway occurs, and record the alarm situation of the early warning system.

[0139] The overheat test of the lithium battery is designed according to the relevant requirements in GB / T 36276-2018. The test uses a temperature-controlled heating table to heat the single-cell sample. The temperature adjustment range is 0-150 °C. The 50Ah battery cell is selected as the heating test object. The heating test of the battery cell is carried out according to the following steps:

[0140] 1) Initialize the charging of the battery cell to simulate the situations where the battery SOC is 100% and the SOC is 50%;

[0141] 2) Place the initialized battery cell on the temperature-controlled heating table and heat it up to (130 ± 2) °C at a rate of 5 °C / min, and maintain this temperature;

[0142] 3) Observe that heating stops after the pressure relief valve of the lithium-ion battery cell opens;

[0143] 4) Analyze the variation law of the characteristic parameters released by the lithium battery before and after thermal runaway occurs, and record the alarm situation of the early warning system.

[0144] Each test is repeated three times according to the test design process. The data processing center analyzes the variation trend of the thermal runaway characteristic products of the sample battery before and after thermal runaway and the response rate of various early warning methods.

[0145] The test results show that the early warning system of the present utility model has a faster response speed and can send out early warning signals earlier at the initial stage of battery thermal runaway.

[0146] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. The test platform of thermal runaway warning system for lithium-ion batteries used in energy storage power stations is characterized by: The test platform (1) adopts a modular structure, and each functional unit is an independent module, including: The test chamber (2) is a multi-layer structure, wherein the interior of the test chamber (2) is vertically divided into three layers, each layer being independent of each other; A test battery (3) is located in the test cabin (2), and each test cabin (2) is provided with a test battery; A collector group (4), including a characteristic gas collector (41), a temperature collector (42) and a solid particle collector (43), the collector group (4) being arranged around the test battery (3); A data processing center (5), including a data processing unit (51) and a data storage device (52), which is connected to each collector and control system (7) via an anti-interference cable; The early warning system (6) is connected to the data processing center (5), and includes an early warning signal generator (61), an early warning measure control unit (62), and an early warning measure execution device (63); The control system (7) is installed in the control room (8) and is connected to each module via an anti-interference cable.

2. The test platform for thermal runaway warning system of lithium-ion battery for energy storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing unit (51) is integrated in the data processing center (5) and is directly connected to the collector group (4). A threshold setting module and a multi-parameter judgment logic circuit are integrated in the data processing unit (51). The threshold setting module is connected to the control system, and the multi-parameter judgment logic circuit receives threshold data from the threshold setting module and real-time data from the collector group (4).

3. The test platform for thermal runaway warning system of lithium-ion battery for energy storage power station according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multi-parameter judgment logic circuit includes: Three input comparators, namely a first input comparator C1, a second input comparator C2, and a third input comparator C3, wherein the first input signal T corresponds to temperature, the second input signal G corresponds to characteristic gas concentration, and the third input signal P corresponds to the number of solid particles. The first input signal, the second input signal, and the third input signal are compared with the threshold data via the first input comparator C1, the second input comparator C2, and the third input comparator C3 respectively; Three AND gates, a first AND gate A1, a second AND gate A2, and a third AND gate A3, wherein the input of the first AND gate A1 is the output of the first input comparator C1 and the second input comparator C2, the input of the second AND gate A2 is the output of the second input comparator C2 and the third input comparator C3, and the input of the third AND gate A3 is the output of the first input comparator C1 and the third input comparator C3; A three-input OR gate O1, whose inputs are the outputs of the first AND gate A1, the second AND gate A2, and the third AND gate A3; a three-input AND gate A4, whose inputs are the outputs of the first input comparator C1, the second input comparator C2, and the third input comparator C3; a two-input OR gate O2, whose inputs are the outputs of the three-input OR gate O1 and the three-input AND gate A4; in: The output ends of the first input comparator C1, the second input comparator C2 and the third input comparator C3 are connected to the input ends of the first AND gate A1, the second AND gate A2 and the third AND gate A3 respectively; the output ends of the first input comparator C1, the second input comparator C2 and the third input comparator C3 are also directly connected to the input end of the three-input AND gate A4; the output ends of the first AND gate A1, the second AND gate A2 and the third AND gate A3 are connected to the input end of the three-input OR gate O1; the output ends of the three-input OR gate O1 and the three-input AND gate A4 are connected to the input end of the two-input OR gate O2; the output of the two-input OR gate O2 is a warning signal Y.

4. The test platform for thermal runaway warning system of lithium-ion battery for energy storage power station according to claim 2, characterized in that: The early warning signal generator is connected to the multi-parameter judgment logic circuit, receives the output of the multi-parameter judgment logic circuit, and sends out an early warning signal; The early warning measure control unit is connected to the early warning signal generator, and outputs an execution instruction after receiving the early warning signal; The early warning measure execution unit is connected to the early warning measure control unit, and after receiving the execution instruction, it starts the corresponding execution device, wherein the execution device includes an automatic fire extinguishing system, an emergency heat dissipation system and a battery isolation device.

5. The test platform for thermal runaway warning system of lithium-ion battery for energy storage power station according to claim 4, characterized in that: The automatic fire extinguishing system includes: The fire extinguishing agent storage tank is arranged on the top of the test platform and stores water-based fire extinguishing agent or inert gas; Spray pipe network, a spray pipe system throughout each layer of the test cabin, which is connected to the fire extinguishing agent storage tank and the spray head; Multiple nozzles are installed on the top and side walls of the test chamber; A solenoid valve is a valve for controlling the release of fire extinguishing agent and is arranged near the can of the fire extinguishing agent storage tank; A pressure sensor is connected to the control unit to monitor the pressure status of the fire extinguishing agent storage tank; The first control unit is installed in the control room, connected to the preventive measure control unit, and receives a start instruction. The first control unit is also connected to the solenoid valve, and controls the solenoid valve according to the start instruction.

6. The test platform for thermal runaway warning system of lithium-ion battery for energy storage power station according to claim 5, characterized in that: The injection piping system includes: Main pipeline, the main pipeline that runs vertically through all layers of the test cabin. The main pipeline is connected to the fire extinguishing agent storage tank through a high-pressure hose, and a main control valve is provided at the connection; The interlayer connecting pipe is connected to the main pipeline through a T-joint, and each connection is equipped with an interlayer control valve; The branch pipeline is connected to the interlayer connecting pipe through a tee pipe fitting or an elbow pipe fitting, and a partition control valve is provided at the connection point; Exhaust duct, connected to the main duct; Among them, the nozzle is connected to the branch pipe and fixed by threads.

7. The test platform for thermal runaway warning system of lithium-ion battery for energy storage power station according to claim 4, characterized in that: Emergency cooling system includes: High-power fan for rapid cooling; A coolant circulation system, including a coolant storage tank, a coolant pump and a heat dissipation pipeline. The heat dissipation pipeline is arranged in a serpentine shape on the outer wall of the test cabin. The coolant circulation system is connected to the test battery; The radiator is installed outside the test chamber and connected to the coolant circulation system. The radiator adopts a large-area fin design and is equipped with a protective fence around the radiator; Temperature sensors monitor the temperature of the test chamber and are installed on the outer wall and side wall of the test chamber and connected to the high-power fan and heat dissipation duct; The second control unit is installed in the control room, connected to the preventive measures control unit, and receives the start-up instruction. The second control unit is also connected to the high-power fan and the coolant pump, and controls the high-power fan and the coolant pump according to the start-up instruction.

8. The test platform for thermal runaway warning system of lithium-ion battery for energy storage power station according to claim 4, characterized in that: The battery isolation device includes: Circuit breaker, installed at the connection point between the test battery and the external circuit; Physical isolation barriers, which are fire-resistant partitions installed around the test cell; A hermetic seal, integrated with a physical isolation barrier, is provided around the test cell; A drive motor mounted on the operating mechanism of the physical isolation barrier and the gas seal; Position sensors, installed on physical isolation barriers and airtight seals to monitor their opening and closing status; The third control unit is installed in the control room, connected to the preventive measures control unit, and receives the start-up instruction. The third control unit is also connected to the drive motor and the position sensor, which controls the action of the physical isolation barrier and the air sealing device according to the start-up instruction.

9. The test platform for thermal runaway warning system of lithium-ion battery for energy storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The early warning system also includes an audible and visual alarm device, which is connected to the early warning signal generator. The audible and visual alarm device includes: High-decibel alarms, installed outside the test chamber and in the control room, used to sound the alarm; LED warning lights are installed outside the test chamber, at the entrances of each level of the test chamber, and in the control room to issue visual warnings; Information display screen, installed in the control room, used to display warning information and fault location; The sound and light alarm device activates the corresponding level of alarm according to the output of the early warning signal generator.

10. The test platform for thermal runaway warning system of lithium-ion battery for energy storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each collector in the collector group is equipped with a retractable bracket, and a universal joint is arranged at the top of the bracket.

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