Tunnel waterproof system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a tunnel waterproof system which comprises a side ditch, a central ditch, an annular drainage device and a water-rich area drainage device. The side ditches and the central ditch are arranged on the edge and the center of the tunnel pavement along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and are used for discharging water supplied to the tunnel pavement; the annular drainage device is annularly arranged between the primary support and the secondary support, is communicated with the side ditch and is used for draining tunnel rock mass seepage water; the water inlet end of the water-rich area drainage device communicates with a drainage structure of the water-rich area, and an outlet of the water-rich area drainage device is located outside the tunnel. A waterproof layer is arranged between the tunnel primary support and the secondary lining, and the underground water development section of the tunnel adopts a waterproof and drainage plate as the waterproof layer and is used for draining seepage water to a side ditch; according to the waterproof and drainage system, tunnel pavement water, underground water and wall back water are effectively drained through multiple drainage structures, and long-term safety and stability of the tunnel structure are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of tunnel engineering, and in particular to a tunnel waterproofing system. Background Art

[0002] In tunnel engineering, the waterproofing and drainage system of a tunnel is a key link to ensure the long-term service life and safety of the tunnel. The existing tunnel waterproofing and drainage system mainly discharges the accumulated water in the tunnel through open ditches, concrete ditches and drainage pipes. However, in water-rich sections, the groundwater is abundant and the recharge source is stable, and a large amount of water gushing is likely to occur during the tunnel construction process. If these groundwater cannot be discharged in time and effectively, they will accumulate in the tunnel, causing huge pressure on the tunnel structure and even leading to leakage problems. The traditional tunnel waterproofing and drainage system mainly relies on open ditches, concrete ditches and drainage pipes to drain water, but in water-rich sections with high water pressure and large flow rate, these measures often seem inadequate. The groundwater cannot be effectively discharged or the drainage efficiency is low, resulting in serious tunnel leakage problems. Tunnel leakage will not only reduce the stability and safety of the tunnel structure, but also damage the operating facilities in the tunnel. Long-term leakage will cause corrosion of the reinforced concrete structure and rust of the steel bars, thereby reducing the overall strength of the tunnel structure. In addition, the leakage will also deteriorate the tunnel operation environment, reduce the comfort level, and increase the potential safety hazards for driving. Summary of the Utility Model

[0003] Aiming at the problems of poor drainage, incomplete treatment of leakage and difficult maintenance in existing tunnels in water-rich areas, a tunnel waterproofing and drainage system with high drainage efficiency and reliable waterproofing is provided.

[0004] The utility model is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A tunnel waterproofing system includes a side ditch, a central ditch, a circumferential drainage device and a drainage device for water-rich areas;

[0006] The side ditch and the central ditch are longitudinally arranged at the edge and the center of the tunnel pavement for discharging the water supply on the tunnel pavement; the circumferential drainage device is circumferentially arranged between the primary support and the secondary support and is communicated with the side ditch for discharging the seepage water of the tunnel rock mass; the water inlet end of the drainage device for water-rich areas is communicated with the drainage structure in the water-rich area, and the outlet of the drainage device for water-rich areas is located outside the tunnel;

[0007] A waterproof layer is arranged between the primary support and the secondary lining of the tunnel. In the groundwater developed section of the tunnel, a drainage and waterproof board is used as the waterproof layer for guiding the seepage water to the side ditch.

[0008] Preferably, the side ditch includes an open ditch or / and an open-type side ditch, and a rectangular side ditch is arranged under the open ditch and the open-type side ditch.

[0009] Preferably, the central drainage ditch is buried below the center of the tunnel pavement and is connected through transverse drainage pipes, and a plurality of transverse drainage pipes are arranged at intervals.

[0010] Preferably, the circumferential drainage device is a single-wall perforated circumferential drainage pipe. A plurality of water inlet holes are arranged at intervals on the single-wall perforated circumferential drainage pipe. The single-wall perforated circumferential drainage pipe is arranged circumferentially in the tunnel between the primary support and the secondary lining. The water outlets of a plurality of single-wall perforated circumferential drainage pipes are connected through transverse drainage pipes, and the transverse drainage pipes are connected with the side ditch.

[0011] Preferably, a double-wall corrugated pipe is arranged on the back of the side wall foot of the tunnel, and the double-wall corrugated pipe is connected with the side ditch.

[0012] Preferably, the water-rich area drainage device includes a wall hole and a Ω-shaped spring drainage pipe arranged in the water-rich area of the tunnel. The wall hole penetrates through the tunnel wall and is connected with the rock mass. The Ω-shaped spring drainage pipe is fixed on the tunnel wall and is connected with the wall hole. Both ends of the Ω-shaped spring drainage pipe are led out to the outside of the tunnel.

[0013] Preferably, the waterproof layer includes multiple layers of geotextiles and waterproof boards laid between the primary support and the secondary lining.

[0014] Preferably, a single water leakage point of the tunnel is connected with a side wall drain hole through a drainage pipe, and a drainage pipe is arranged at the place where the tunnel has a large amount of water leakage and is connected with the side ditch.

[0015] A tunnel is provided with the drainage and waterproof system described above.

[0016] Preferably, the tunnel is a one-way tunnel or a two-way tunnel.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0018] A tunnel waterproof system provided by the utility model. Open ditches and open side ditches are arranged at the edge of the tunnel pavement to drain the pavement water and cleaning sewage. A rectangular side ditch is arranged under the open ditch to drain the underground clear water. A concrete central drainage ditch is arranged under the tunnel pavement. When the water level of the side ditch drainage is high, it is discharged into the central ditch to increase the drainage capacity of the tunnel. A water-rich area drainage device is arranged at the place where the excavated hole wall has concentrated water outflow or a large amount of water flow for drainage. A circumferential drainage device is arranged behind the secondary lining to discharge the water on the back of the wall into the rectangular side ditch. Longitudinal drainage pipes are arranged behind the back of the left and right side wall feet of the tunnel, and their longitudinal slopes are the same as the longitudinal slope of the pavement to discharge the water on the back of the wall into the rectangular side ditch. The tunnel drainage and waterproof system has the following advantages: comprehensive design, multi-level drainage, high drainage efficiency; the system is flexible and adjustable, with strong adaptability; the drainage path is optimized, convenient for maintenance, and high in safety. Through a variety of drainage structures, the pavement water, groundwater and water on the back of the wall of the tunnel are effectively discharged, ensuring the long-term safety and stability of the tunnel structure. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 It is the overall schematic diagram of the water prevention and drainage system of the present utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 It is the schematic diagram of the open ditch, open side ditch and rectangular side ditch of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 It is the schematic diagram of the concrete central water ditch of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 It is the schematic diagram of the Ω-shaped spring drainage pipe of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 5 It is the schematic diagram of the circumferential drainage pipe of the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 6 It is the schematic diagram of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe of the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 7 It is the enlarged drawing of the longitudinal drainage pipe of the present utility model.

[0026] In the figure: Tunnel 1, open ditch 2, open side ditch 3, concrete central water ditch 4, horizontal double-wall corrugated drainage pipe 5, longitudinal double-wall corrugated drainage pipe 6, single-wall perforated circumferential drainage pipe 7, seepage joint 8, water diversion pipe 9, Ω-shaped spring drainage pipe 10, longitudinal drainage pipe 11, DN75 single-wall perforated corrugated pipe 12, water diversion hole 13, tee 14, horizontal drainage pipe 15, double-wall corrugated pipe 16, waterproof layer 17. Specific embodiments

[0027] The following further describes the present utility model in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which is an explanation rather than a limitation of the present utility model.

[0028] A tunnel waterproof system includes a side ditch, a central water ditch, a circumferential drainage device, and a drainage device for water-rich areas.

[0029] The side ditch and the central water ditch are longitudinally arranged at the edge and the center of the tunnel road surface along the tunnel 1. The circumferential drainage device is circumferentially arranged between the primary support and the secondary support and is connected to the side ditch. The water inlet end of the drainage device for water-rich areas is connected to the drainage structure of the water-rich area, and the outlet of the drainage device for water-rich areas is located outside the tunnel.

[0030] In some embodiments, the side ditch is an open ditch 2 or / and an open side ditch 3. The open ditch 2 is arranged at the two side edges of the tunnel road surface, or the open ditch 2 is arranged at the two side edges of the tunnel road surface, or on both sides of the tunnel road surface, the open ditch 2 is arranged on one side and the open side ditch 3 is arranged on the other side. The longitudinal slope of the open ditch 2 or / and the open side ditch 3 is consistent with the slope of the tunnel.

[0031] Open ditches and open-type side ditches are arranged at the edge of the tunnel pavement, and rectangular side ditches are provided under the open ditches and open-type side ditches to ensure that the pavement water and cleaning sewage can be quickly discharged, and at the same time, it is used to drain the underground clear water.

[0032] In some embodiments, the central water ditch is a concrete central water ditch 4, which is buried in the center of the tunnel pavement. The longitudinal slope of the concrete central water ditch 4 is the same as the slope of the tunnel. The concrete central water ditch 4 is connected to the side ditch and is used to increase the drainage capacity when the drainage water level in the side ditch is high to cope with the urgent drainage situation at high water levels.

[0033] In some embodiments, the circumferential drainage device is a single-wall perforated circumferential drainage pipe 7. The single-wall perforated circumferential drainage pipe 7 is arranged along the circumferential direction of the tunnel and is located between the primary support and the secondary lining. A plurality of water inlet holes are arranged at intervals on the side of the primary support on the surface of the single-wall perforated circumferential drainage pipe 7. The lower end of the single-wall perforated circumferential drainage pipe 7 is connected to the side ditch, and a plurality of single-wall perforated circumferential drainage pipes 7 are arranged at a certain distance interval.

[0034] The single-wall perforated circumferential drainage pipe 7 is arranged circumferentially after the completion of the primary support, with a spacing of 8-12 m, wrapped with a layer of non-woven fabric, and is connected to the longitudinal drainage pipe 11 through a connecting tee 14.

[0035] In some embodiments, the water-rich area drainage device includes a wall hole and a Ω-shaped spring drainage pipe 10 provided in the water-rich area of the tunnel. The wall hole penetrates the tunnel wall and communicates with the rock mass. The Ω-shaped spring drainage pipe 10 is fixed on the tunnel wall and communicates with the wall hole. Both ends of the Ω-shaped spring drainage pipe 10 are led out to the outside of the tunnel.

[0036] The Ω-shaped spring drainage pipe 10 is arranged at the place where there is concentrated water outflow or a stream of water on the excavated hole wall. Each one is calculated according to 15 m, and a pair is set every 100 m, that is, they are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the tunnel.

[0037] In some embodiments, side wall drainage devices are provided on both side walls of the tunnel. The side wall drainage devices are used to divert the water at the root of the side wall to the side ditch.

[0038] In some embodiments, in the groundwater-developed section of the tunnel, a waterproof and drainage board is provided between the primary support and the secondary lining as a waterproof layer to drain the seepage water. For scattered single leakage points, a semi-circular drainage pipe is used to drain them to the side wall drain hole, and then drained to the side ditch through the drain hole. For small streams of water, a PVC pipe 14 with a length of 2.0-3.0 m is driven at the water outlet for fixed-point drainage.

[0039] The waterproof layer in the tunnel area adopts multiple waterproof materials, which are composed of a waterproof board and a geotextile to ensure the comprehensive protection and long-term use of the tunnel structure.

[0040] Embodiment 1

[0041] See also Figure 2-7 A tunnel waterproofing system comprises an open ditch 2 and an open side ditch 3 arranged at the edge of the tunnel pavement. The open ditch 2 and the open side ditch 3 are located at the edge of the tunnel to collect and guide pavement water and cleaning sewage. A rectangular side ditch is arranged under the open ditch 2 and the open side ditch 3 to further discharge underground clean water; a concrete central ditch 4 is arranged under the central pavement of the tunnel to increase the drainage capacity when the drainage water level of the side ditch is high. A DN110HDPE double-wall corrugated drainage pipe 5 is arranged every 10m at the bottom of the tunnel to connect the open ditch 2 and the open side ditch 3 with the central ditch 4 respectively, which is used as the main drainage channel.

[0042] The wall of the tunnel is provided with an excavation wall, which is located in the water-rich area of ​​the tunnel. The excavation wall is used to drain the water flow from the water-rich area. An Ω-shaped spring drainage pipe 10 is provided at the excavation wall. The Ω-shaped spring drainage pipe 10 is fixed on the tunnel wall and connected to the excavation wall. It is used to handle the concentrated water outflow or water flow in the water-rich area of ​​the tunnel. The position of the Ω-shaped spring drainage pipe 10 is adjusted according to the groundwater conditions.

[0043] Since the tunnel is located in a water-rich area, there is water flow in the tunnel rock formation. In order to drain the water, during the tunnel construction process, a ring-shaped drainage pipe is built after the initial support construction is completed. The ring-shaped drainage pipe adopts DN75HDPE single-wall perforated corrugated pipe. After the initial support is completed, it is arranged in a ring shape with a spacing of 10m and wrapped with a layer of geotextile.

[0044] A single-wall perforated annular drainage pipe 7 is arranged along the annular direction of the tunnel. The single-wall perforated annular drainage pipe 7 is provided with multiple water inlets at intervals along the axial direction. Both ends of the single-wall perforated annular drainage pipe 7 are water outlets and are located at the bottom of the tunnel. The water outlets are introduced into the rectangular side ditch through the back water of the tunnel wall. Multiple single-wall perforated annular drainage pipes 7 are arranged at intervals, and a single-wall perforated annular drainage pipe is arranged every 10 meters.

[0045] See also Figure 5 In this embodiment, the lower end of the single-wall perforated annular drainage pipe 7 is connected to a tee pipe 14, both ends of the tee pipe 14 are connected to the longitudinal drainage pipe 11, the longitudinal drainage pipe 11 is connected to the tee pipe of the next single-wall perforated annular drainage pipe 7, and the other end of the tee pipe 14 is connected to a transverse drainage pipe 15, which passes through the side wall and is connected to the side ditch.

[0046] The transverse drainage pipe 15 and the longitudinal drainage pipe 11 are made of DN110HDPE double-wall corrugated pipe. The transverse drainage pipe is connected to the tunnel drainage ditch. The transverse drainage pipe 15 and the longitudinal drainage pipe 11 are wrapped with a layer of geotextile and are fully connected to ensure that the back wall water can be smoothly discharged into the rectangular side ditch.

[0047] A tunnel waterproofing system provided by the utility model includes an open ditch, an open side ditch, a concrete central ditch under the tunnel pavement, a Ω-shaped spring drainage pipe, and drainage pipes behind the secondary lining, behind the left and right side wall feet of the tunnel, and horizontally at the bottom of the tunnel. Specifically, an open ditch and an open side ditch are arranged at the edge of the tunnel pavement to drain the pavement water and cleaning sewage. A rectangular side ditch is arranged under the open ditch to drain the underground clear water. A concrete central ditch is arranged under the tunnel pavement and drains into the central ditch when the water level of the side ditch is high, increasing the drainage capacity of the tunnel. At the place where there is concentrated water outflow or gushing water in the excavated hole wall, a Ω-shaped spring drainage pipe is arranged after the initial spraying. In the seepage treatment, the setting of the Ω-shaped circumferential drainage pipe and the EVA water diversion pipe can be appropriately adjusted according to the situation of groundwater, and the engineering quantity shall be subject to the actual quantity occurring on site. A single-wall perforated circumferential drainage pipe is arranged behind the secondary lining to drain the water on the wall back into the rectangular side ditch. One double-wall corrugated pipe is arranged behind the left and right side wall feet of the tunnel respectively, and its longitudinal slope is the same as that of the pavement. The longitudinal drainage pipe is connected to the circumferential drainage pipe through an elbow and accesses the side ditch to drain the water on the wall back into the rectangular side ditch. A double-wall corrugated drainage pipe is arranged horizontally at the bottom of the tunnel to connect the central ditch. The tunnel waterproof and drainage system has the following advantages: comprehensive design, multi-level drainage, high drainage efficiency; the system is flexible and adjustable, with strong adaptability; the drainage path is optimized, convenient for maintenance, and high in safety. Through a variety of drainage structures, the pavement water, groundwater, and water on the wall back of the tunnel are effectively drained, ensuring the long-term safety and stability of the tunnel structure.

[0048] A drainage method for a tunnel waterproofing system provided by the utility model includes the following steps:

[0049] An open ditch, an open side ditch, and a rectangular side ditch are arranged at the edge of the tunnel pavement to ensure that the pavement water and cleaning sewage can be quickly drained. A concrete central ditch is arranged deep underground in the tunnel to cope with the urgent drainage situation at high water levels. A Ω-shaped spring drainage pipe is arranged at the hole wall where water is likely to accumulate and adjusted in a timely manner according to the groundwater situation to keep the tunnel dry. Single-wall perforated circumferential drainage pipes and double-wall corrugated pipes are respectively arranged at important structural parts of the tunnel such as behind the secondary lining and behind the left and right side wall feet of the tunnel to ensure that the water in these areas can be quickly drained into the main drainage system. The design of the above drainage method and facilities ensures the dryness and safety of the tunnel during long-term operation, while reducing the maintenance cost and the risk of tunnel structure damage caused by water disasters. This waterproof and drainage system is particularly suitable for areas with high groundwater levels or heavy rainfall and can effectively prevent the impact of water pressure on the tunnel structure.

[0050] Embodiment 2

[0051] Refer to Figure 1 , a tunnel in which the above-mentioned waterproof and drainage system is provided. The tunnel is a two-way tunnel or a one-way tunnel.

[0052] The design of the drainage and waterproofing system of the present utility model takes into account aspects of easy operation and maintenance. All major drainage components such as drain pipes and open channels can be accessed from inside the tunnel for regular inspections and necessary cleaning operations. The tunnel management unit can monitor the operating status of the drainage system in real time and respond promptly to any decrease in drainage efficiency. Quick repairs can be carried out through the preset maintenance channels of the system, thereby minimizing traffic disruptions or safety accidents caused by drainage problems. The tunnel drainage and waterproofing system provided by the present utility model improves the overall safety and functionality of the tunnel. Through reasonable design and optimized drainage paths, it can effectively manage and control the water flow in the tunnel, ensuring the safe operation of the tunnel under various climatic conditions. The high efficiency and reliability of the tunnel drainage and waterproofing system of the present utility model in practical applications provide an innovative solution for tunnel design, applicable to new or existing tunnel projects, especially those located in areas with high groundwater levels or high rainfall.

[0053] The above content is only for explaining the technical idea of the present utility model and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present utility model. Any modifications made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea proposed by the present utility model fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A tunnel waterproofing system, characterized in that: Including side ditches, central ditches, annular drainage devices, and water-rich area drainage devices; The side ditch and the central ditch are arranged at the edge and the center of the tunnel pavement along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and are used to discharge the water supply of the tunnel pavement; the annular drainage device is arranged annularly between the initial support and the secondary support and is connected to the side ditch, and is used to discharge the infiltration water of the tunnel rock mass; the water inlet end of the water-rich area drainage device is connected to the drainage structure of the water-rich area, and the outlet of the water-rich area drainage device is located outside the tunnel; A waterproof layer is arranged between the initial support and the secondary lining of the tunnel. In the groundwater-developed section of the tunnel, a drainage board is used as the waterproof layer to drain the infiltrated water to the side ditch.

2. A tunnel waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side ditch comprises an open ditch and / or an open side ditch, and rectangular side ditches are arranged under the open ditch and the open side ditch.

3. A tunnel waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central ditch is buried below the center of the tunnel pavement and is connected through a transverse drainage pipe, and a plurality of transverse drainage pipes are arranged at intervals.

4. A tunnel waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular drainage device is a single-wall perforated annular drainage pipe, on which a plurality of water inlet holes are arranged at intervals. The single-wall perforated annular drainage pipe is arranged between the initial support and the secondary lining along the annular direction of the tunnel. The water outlets of the plurality of single-wall perforated annular drainage pipes are connected through a transverse drainage pipe, and the transverse drainage pipe is connected to the side ditch.

5. A tunnel waterproofing system according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: A double-wall corrugated pipe is arranged at the back of the side wall of the tunnel, and the double-wall corrugated pipe is communicated with the side ditch.

6. A tunnel waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-rich area drainage device includes a wall hole and an Ω-shaped spring drainage pipe arranged in the water-rich area of ​​the tunnel. The wall hole passes through the tunnel wall and is connected to the rock mass. The Ω-shaped spring drainage pipe is fixed on the tunnel wall and is connected to the wall hole. Both ends of the Ω-shaped spring drainage pipe are led out to the outside of the tunnel.

7. A tunnel waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproof layer includes multiple layers of geotextile and waterproof board laid between the primary support and the secondary lining.

8. A tunnel waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A single water leakage point of the tunnel is connected to the drainage hole of the side wall through a drainage pipe, and a drainage pipe is arranged at the water leakage point of the tunnel and is connected to the side ditch.

9. A tunnel, characterized in that: The tunnel is provided with a tunnel waterproofing system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A tunnel according to claim 9, characterized in that: The tunnel is a one-way tunnel or a two-way tunnel.

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