Energy storage equipment

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of batteries, particularly relates to energy storage equipment, and solves the problem of potential safety hazards of the existing energy storage equipment. Comprising an energy storage box body, a fire safety system, a temperature control system and a battery pack assembly, the high-capacity battery in each battery pack assembly comprises a shell and a plurality of single batteries arranged in the shell along the same direction; the shell is provided with a shared cavity and an explosion venting pipe assembly communicating with the shared cavity. The inner cavity of the shared cavity is communicated with the inner cavities of all the single batteries; the explosion venting pipe assembly of each high-capacity battery is communicated with an explosion venting collecting pipe, and the outlet end of the explosion venting collecting pipe is communicated with a flue gas collecting pipe of a fire safety system; thermal runaway flue gas enters a flue gas treatment unit of a fire safety system through a flue gas collecting pipe to be treated, and potential safety hazards generated after the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged are reduced; a heat exchange unit of the temperature control system exchanges heat with the large-capacity battery, a heat transfer medium is conveyed by a heat conveying unit, and the heat transfer medium is heated or cooled by a heat treatment unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of batteries, and specifically relates to an energy storage device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of new energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy, energy storage technology has also developed. Due to the advantages of high energy, long service life, high rated voltage, high power tolerance, and low self-discharge rate of lithium batteries, they have gradually become the mainstream products for energy storage.

[0003] With the large-scale application of lithium battery energy storage devices, the safe use of lithium-ion batteries has also attracted attention. Since the single cells in the energy storage device are highly concentrated, a large amount of heat will be generated during the charging and discharging processes, and this heat will gradually accumulate, resulting in uneven battery temperatures. In severe cases, the thermal balance of the battery is destroyed, which in turn triggers thermal runaway of the battery, posing certain potential safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide an energy storage device to solve the safety hazard problem existing in the existing energy storage device due to thermal runaway of single cells.

[0005] The technical solution of the utility model is to provide an energy storage device, which is characterized by comprising an energy storage box body, a fire safety system, a temperature control system, and at least one battery pack assembly;

[0006] The above-mentioned energy storage box body includes an equipment compartment and a battery compartment, and a support frame is arranged in the battery compartment;

[0007] The above-mentioned fire safety system includes a primary fire protection unit, and the primary fire protection unit includes a smoke confluence pipe and a smoke treatment unit. The smoke confluence pipe is used to convey the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack assembly to the smoke treatment unit, and the smoke treatment unit is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke; at least part of the structure of the smoke treatment unit is arranged in the equipment compartment;

[0008] The above-mentioned temperature control system includes a heat exchange unit, a heat transfer unit, and a heat treatment unit; the above-mentioned heat exchange unit is in contact with each battery pack assembly to achieve heat exchange; the above-mentioned heat transfer unit realizes the conveyance of the heat transfer medium between the heat exchange unit and the heat treatment unit; the above-mentioned heat treatment unit heats or cools the heat transfer medium conveyed by the heat transfer unit;

[0009] The above battery pack assembly includes a battery pack support frame, an explosion venting busbar, and n series-connected high-capacity battery components fixed on the battery pack support frame; where n is an integer greater than 1; each high-capacity battery component includes a high-capacity battery and a bracket assembly, and the high-capacity battery includes a housing and a plurality of single cells arranged in the same direction within the housing; the housing is provided with a shared chamber and an explosion venting pipe assembly communicated with the shared chamber; the inner cavity of the shared chamber is communicated with the inner cavities of all the single cells; avoidance holes are provided on the top plate of the housing corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single cell; the polarity terminals of each single cell extend out of the avoidance holes, and the area of the top plate of the housing corresponding to the avoidance holes is fixedly sealed with the housing of the single cell; the above explosion venting busbar is communicated with the explosion venting pipe assembly of each high-capacity battery, and the outlet end of the explosion venting busbar is communicated with the flue gas busbar.

[0010] Each high-capacity battery component is fixed on the battery pack support frame through a bracket assembly, and each battery pack component is placed on a support frame in a battery compartment through the battery pack support frame.

[0011] In the energy storage device of the present utility model, a high-capacity battery places a plurality of single cells in a housing having a shared chamber, and the use of the shared chamber and the inner cavities of the single cells located within the housing being in communication reduces the differences between the single cells, and to a certain extent improves the consistency between the single cells, thereby to a certain extent improving the cycle life of the high-capacity battery. At the same time, an explosion venting pipe assembly communicated with the shared chamber is provided on the housing of each high-capacity battery, and a flue gas treatment system is further provided in the energy storage device. The explosion venting pipe assemblies of each high-capacity battery are communicated with the flue gas busbar of the flue gas treatment system, and the thermal runaway flue gas sequentially passes through the explosion venting pipe assembly and the flue gas busbar and enters the flue gas treatment unit of the flue gas treatment system for treatment, reducing the potential safety hazards generated after the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged. In addition, the energy storage device has a temperature control system, and part of the structure of the temperature control system is directly in contact with the high-capacity battery to control the temperature of the high-capacity battery during operation, avoiding potential safety hazards of the high-capacity battery and improving the use safety of the energy storage device.

[0012] Further, the above shared chamber is an electrolyte shared chamber, and the electrolyte shared chamber is communicated with the electrolyte areas of each single cell; the use of the electrolyte shared chamber and the electrolyte areas of the inner cavities of the single cells located within the housing being in communication reduces the differences between the single cells, and to a certain extent improves the consistency between the single cells, thereby to a certain extent improving the cycle life of the high-capacity battery.

[0013] Furthermore, the above-mentioned shared chamber can also be a gas shared chamber, which is connected to the gas areas of each single battery. By using this gas shared chamber to connect with the inner cavity gas areas of each single battery located within the outer shell, gas balance is achieved, the differences between the single batteries are reduced, the consistency among the single batteries is improved to a certain extent, and thus the cycle life of the large-capacity battery is improved to a certain extent.

[0014] Furthermore, the above-mentioned shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber. The electrolyte shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte areas of each single battery, and the gas shared chamber is connected to the gas areas of each single battery. By using the electrolyte shared chamber to connect with the inner cavity electrolyte areas of each single battery located within the outer shell, and using the gas shared chamber to connect with the inner cavity gas areas of each single battery located within the outer shell, gas balance is achieved, the differences between the single batteries are reduced, the consistency among the single batteries is improved to a certain extent, and thus the cycle life of the large-capacity battery is improved to a certain extent.

[0015] Furthermore, the above-mentioned shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber. The electrolyte shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte areas of each single battery, and the gas shared chamber is a gas passage located between the top plate of the outer shell and each single battery. This gas passage covers the explosion vent parts of each single battery. When the explosion vent part of any single battery is broken through by the hot runaway flue gas in the inner cavity, the gas area of this single battery is connected to the gas passage, and the hot runaway flue gas in the inner cavity of this single battery is discharged through the gas passage, improving the safety of this large-capacity battery.

[0016] Furthermore, the outer shell includes a cylindrical component with both ends open and end plate components covering the two open ends of the cylindrical component; the electrolyte shared chamber is located at the bottom of the cylindrical component and is a liquid passage extending in the x direction.

[0017] Furthermore, the cylindrical component includes a cylinder and two convex platforms arranged in the x direction and y direction with the same length as the cylinder and provided on the inner bottom surface of the cylinder. The top surface of the convex platform is the supporting surface for each single battery. In the y direction, a liquid passage is formed between the two convex platforms to serve as the electrolyte shared chamber.

[0018] Furthermore, the above-mentioned bracket assembly includes a supporting member and two L-shaped brackets; the supporting member is placed at the bottom of the large-capacity battery to support the large-capacity battery; the L-shaped brackets include a first bracket and a second bracket. Among them, the first bracket is parallel to the yz plane, and the second bracket is parallel to the xy plane. The first brackets of the two L-shaped brackets are respectively fixed at both ends of the supporting member, and the second brackets of the two L-shaped brackets are respectively fixed to the opposite side beams of the battery pack support frame.

[0019] Further, a channel is formed in the boss along the x-direction; the support member includes two support ribs which are respectively inserted into the two channels to support the large-capacity battery.

[0020] Further, the end plate assembly includes a first end plate and a second end plate; a first through hole is formed in the first end plate; the first end plate is used to cooperate with the explosion relief mechanism fixed at the first through hole to seal the open ends of the gas sharing chamber, the electrolyte sharing chamber and the cylinder body of the large-capacity battery; the second end plate is parallel to the first end plate and there is a gap between the two, and this gap serves as a gas channel; the gas channel extends along the z-direction, the inlet end of the gas channel is used to communicate with the gas sharing chamber, and the outlet end of the gas channel communicates with the first through hole; in the z-direction, the inlet end of the gas channel is higher than the outlet end of the gas channel. Setting the fixed area of the explosion relief mechanism as the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber with a larger area or the end plate area between the open end of the gas sharing chamber and the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber makes the explosion relief mechanism easier to install compared to fixing the explosion relief mechanism in the end plate area opposite to the gas sharing chamber.

[0021] When the end plate assembly is sealed and fixed at the open end of the cylinder body assembly, the first through hole is sealed by the explosion relief mechanism; the inlet of the gas channel communicates with the gas sharing chamber, and the outlet of the gas channel communicates with the explosion relief mechanism through the first through hole; and directly using the gap between the first end plate and the second end plate as the gas channel makes the gas channel have a larger flow area and the large-capacity battery has higher safety performance.

[0022] Further, the end plate assembly further includes a third end plate closely attached to the inner surface of the second end plate. By adding the third end plate, on the one hand, by adjusting the dimension of the third end plate along the x-direction (the arrangement direction of the single cells, which is also the length direction of the outer shell and the cylinder body), all the single cells can be clamped in the x-direction, improving the stability of each single cell in the inner cavity of the outer shell, and can also prevent the problem that the large-capacity battery's cycle performance is reduced due to the bulging of each single cell; on the other hand, the third end plate can further reduce the influence of the hot runaway flue gas in the gas channel on the outermost single cell.

[0023] Further, the large-capacity battery further includes 2m sealing connectors; the outer shell area around each avoidance hole and the single cell housing are fixedly sealed by a sealing connector; the sealing connector includes a hollow member sleeved outside the polar terminal of the single cell, and the orthographic projection of the open bottom end of the hollow member on the upper cover plate of the single cell covers the weak area around the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell; the bottom of the hollow member and the outer peripheral area of the weak area are welded and sealed, and the top of the hollow member and the outer shell top plate area around the avoidance hole are welded and sealed.

[0024] During use, the hollow member is sleeved outside the polar terminal of the single cell, and the bottom and the peripheral area of the weak zone are welded and sealed. The top of the hollow member and the outer shell top plate area around the avoidance hole are welded and sealed. Whether there is a gap between the outer shell and the upper cover plate of each single cell, or the gap size is different, the hollow member can seal and fix the outer shell and the upper cover plate of the single cell, thus ensuring the sealing performance of the large-capacity battery shell. At the same time, by optimizing the size and shape of the open end at the bottom of the sealing connection member, the orthographic projection of the open end at the bottom of the hollow member on the upper cover plate of the single cell covers the weak zone around the polar terminal of the upper cover plate of the single cell. Furthermore, it is ensured that when welding the bottom of the hollow member and the area around the polar terminal of the upper cover plate of the single cell, the weak zone around the polar terminal of the upper cover plate of the single cell can be avoided, preventing a series of problems such as the scrapping of the single cell caused by damage to the weak zone during the welding process and the dispersion of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0025] Furthermore, the sealing connection member further includes a bottom plate fixed to the open end at the bottom of the hollow member. Through holes are provided on the bottom plate. The orthographic projection of the through holes on the upper cover plate of the single cell covers the weak zone around the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell. The bottom plate is used for welding and sealing with the peripheral area of the weak zone. Based on the bottom plate, the welding of the upper cover plate and the sealing connection member can be reliably achieved. At the same time, the orthographic projection of the through holes on the upper cover plate of the single cell covers the weak zone around the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell. In this way, when welding the bottom plate to the upper cover plate of the single cell, the welding part is necessarily located outside the weak zone.

[0026] Furthermore, the polar terminal includes a pole post adapter fixed to the pole post of the single cell. The pole post adapter includes a block-shaped pole post adapter body and an electrical connection post fixed on the pole post adapter body and protruding from the pole post adapter body. A first hole corresponding to the electrical connection post is provided on the pole post adapter body, and each electrical connection post is connected to the pole post of the single cell through each first hole. By using the pole post adapter, the preparation process of related large-capacity batteries can be simplified. During the preparation process of related large-capacity batteries, there is no need to use a support member to lift the single cell so that its pole post extends out of the avoidance hole. It is only necessary to extend the electrical connection post of the pole post adapter into the avoidance hole and connect it to the pole posts of each single cell inside the outer shell.

[0027] Furthermore, in order to improve the connection strength between the pole post adapter and the pole post, the bottom of the blind hole is connected to the pole post of the single cell by welding. In order to eliminate the welding stress, a third through hole penetrating the blind hole is provided at the bottom of the blind hole, and the diameter of the above-mentioned third through hole is smaller than the diameter of the blind hole.

[0028] Further, the heat exchange unit includes at least one heat transfer tube. A clamping portion is provided at the part where the polar terminal of each single cell extends out of the avoidance hole. Each heat transfer tube is fixedly arranged on the clamping portion of the polar terminal of each single cell in a one-to-one correspondence, and the heat transfer tube is insulated from each single cell polar terminal; the clamping portion is a through groove or a through hole formed at the part where the polar terminal of each single cell extends out of the avoidance hole. The heat transfer tube is in direct contact with each single cell polar terminal, and can timely conduct heat. This heat dissipation method realizes the balanced heat dissipation of each single cell in the large-capacity battery, and improves the use safety of the large-capacity battery.

[0029] Further, the heat transfer tube is a metal tube, and at least one of an insulating layer and an insulating sleeve is provided on the metal tube. This insulation method is not only easy to implement, but also can maintain reliable insulation performance when the heat transfer tube exchanges heat with the large-capacity battery, and improves the safety during the use of the heat transfer tube and the large-capacity battery.

[0030] Further, all the single cell polar terminals on one side are used as the first polar terminal of the large-capacity battery, and all the single cell polar terminals on the other side are used as the second polar terminal of the large-capacity battery; for the convenience of installation, the heat transfer tube adopts a spliced pipeline, including a first tube, a second tube and a connecting tube; the first tube is fixed on the clamping portion of the first polar terminal of the large-capacity battery; the second tube is fixed on the clamping portion of the second polar terminal of the large-capacity battery; both ends of the connecting tube are respectively connected to the ports on the same side of the first tube and the second tube.

[0031] Further, the first tube and the second tube are metal tubes, and at least one of an insulating layer and an insulating sleeve is provided on the metal tubes. The connecting tube is an insulating hose, which can further reduce the installation difficulty of the heat transfer tube, and at the same time can ensure the insulation between the first polar terminal and the second polar terminal of the large-capacity battery, and improve the safety performance of the large-capacity battery.

[0032] Further, the port of the first tube is the liquid inlet port of the heat transfer tube, and the first polar terminal is the positive polar terminal. The port of the second tube is the liquid outlet port of the heat transfer tube, and the second polar terminal is the negative polar terminal. When the large-capacity battery is working, the temperature of the positive polar terminal is higher than that of the negative polar terminal. At this time, the port of the first tube is used as the liquid inlet port of the heat transfer tube, and the port of the second tube is used as the liquid outlet port of the heat transfer tube. The first tube of the heat transfer tube is connected to the positive polar terminal of the large-capacity battery, and the second tube is connected to the negative polar terminal of the large-capacity battery. The heat transfer medium in the heat transfer tube first exchanges heat with the relatively high-temperature positive polar terminal, and then exchanges heat with the negative polar terminal, so that the temperatures of the positive polar terminal and the negative polar terminal are relatively balanced, thereby improving the reliability when the large-capacity battery is working.

[0033] Furthermore, the clamping part is a through groove, and a pressing plate is further provided at the top of the heat transfer tube. The pressing plate includes a pressing part and a fixing part; the pressing part has an arc surface, which is used to cooperate with the through groove of the polar terminal to press the heat transfer tube in the through groove; the fixing part is arranged on both sides of the pressing part and is connected to the polar terminals of each single battery, and is used to realize the parallel connection of multiple single batteries, and at the same time is used to fix the pressing part on the polar terminal. An insulating pad is also provided between the pressing plate and the heat transfer tube.

[0034] Furthermore, an insulating and sealing glue layer is laid on the top of the large-capacity battery. The insulating and sealing glue layer includes a first sub-insulating and sealing glue layer and a second sub-insulating and sealing glue layer. The first sub-insulating and sealing glue layer is an insulating and sealing glue layer with a temperature resistance higher than the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas, and is arranged in the gap between the polar terminal of the single battery and the avoidance hole; the temperature resistance of the second sub-insulating and sealing glue layer is lower than that of the first sub-insulating and sealing glue layer, and the second sub-insulating and sealing glue layer is laid on the top plate of the housing and covers the heat transfer tube and the pressing plate. The first sub-insulating and sealing glue layer is in direct contact with the pole column of the single battery, and can play a role in protecting and fixing the pole column of the single battery. Under the protection and fixing of the first sub-insulating and sealing glue layer, when thermal runaway occurs, the pole column of the single battery is not easy to fall off or crack with the upper cover of the single battery. Therefore, it can prevent the thermal runaway flue gas from leaking from the gap between the polar terminal of the single battery and the avoidance hole; in addition, the first sub-insulating and sealing glue layer can also play a role in sealing the gap between the polar terminal of the single battery and the avoidance hole, further improving the sealing performance of the avoidance hole part of the housing.

[0035] Furthermore, the large-capacity battery further includes an insulating protective cover, and the insulating protective cover includes an insulating frame body and an insulating cover plate; the lower end of the insulating frame body is fixed on the top of the large-capacity battery to prevent the insulating sealant liquid from overflowing the top plate of the housing; the upper end of the insulating frame body is snap-fitted with the insulating cover plate; a notch is opened at the upper end of the side wall of the insulating frame body parallel to the xz plane, and the notch cooperates with the insulating cover plate to form a slit, through which the large-capacity battery is electrically connected to external equipment. The insulating frame body of the insulating protective cover is used as a pouring mold, and there is no need to demold after pouring, and at the same time, the bonding strength between the insulating frame body and the top of the large-capacity battery can be improved. At the same time, the insulating protective cover is used to provide insulating protection for the pole column adapter, avoiding potential safety hazards that may exist when the pole column adapter is exposed during the operation of the large-capacity battery, and also avoiding the problem that some foreign objects in the external environment fall into the position of the pole column adapter and cause the large-capacity battery to short-circuit, improving the safety of the large-capacity battery.

[0036] Further, the explosion vent pipe assembly includes a first explosion vent member and a second explosion vent member; the first explosion vent member includes a first hollow pipe fitting connected to the outer shell, and an explosion vent film is provided inside the first hollow pipe fitting; the second explosion vent member is a tee, its first interface is hermetically connected to the first explosion vent member, and the second interfaces and third interfaces of the second explosion vent members of two adjacent large-capacity batteries are connected through flexible pipe segments to form an explosion vent manifold pipe.

[0037] Further, the first explosion vent member further includes a second hollow pipe fitting connected to the first hollow pipe fitting; the material of the second hollow pipe fitting is an insulating material, the second explosion vent member is a union tee, and the union joint of the second explosion vent member is threadedly connected to the second hollow pipe fitting.

[0038] Further, the flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device, and an ignition device; the liquid treatment device, the solid treatment device, and the flue gas cooling device are placed in the equipment chamber; the ignition device is placed outside the energy storage tank; the liquid treatment device is mainly used to treat the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; the flue gas cooling device is mainly used to cool the thermal runaway flue gas; the solid treatment device is mainly used to adsorb the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; the ignition device is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0039] In the energy storage device of the present utility model, the flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device, and an ignition device; the flue gas treatment unit treats the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the energy storage device in various ways to avoid potential safety hazards caused by the discharge of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0040] Further, the liquid treatment device includes M liquid treatment tanks, each liquid treatment tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the first to the (M - 1)th liquid treatment tanks are filled with a liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0041] In the energy storage device of the present utility model, since there is a certain amount of electrolyte in the large-capacity battery, when the electrolyte sprays out with the thermal runaway flue gas during the thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery, the liquid treatment device effectively treats the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas. At the same time, the Mth liquid treatment tank of the liquid treatment device is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas is too high, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium extruded from the liquid treatment tank by the high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas, preventing the liquid treatment medium from being squeezed into the subsequent devices and affecting the devices behind.

[0042] Further, the above-mentioned flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device and an ignition device; the ignition device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank and is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

[0043] In the energy storage device of the present utility model, the flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device and an ignition device. The ignition device controllably ignites the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device, and the thermal runaway flue gas after ignition treatment can be directly discharged without potential hazards such as combustion and explosion.

[0044] Further, the above-mentioned liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution. This alkaline solution can not only fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to generate combustible gases, but also can treat some of the gases in the thermal runaway flue gas. After being treated by the alkaline solution, the gas volume of the thermal runaway flue gas is greatly reduced. Among them, the treatment effect of the thermal runaway flue gas with a 0.05 - 0.5 mol / L NaOH solution is relatively prominent.

[0045] Further, the above-mentioned primary fire protection unit further includes a buffer device. The buffer device includes at least one buffer tank. The buffer tank is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet communicating with its inner cavity. The buffer device is arranged between the flue gas confluence pipe and the flue gas treatment unit and is used to buffer the thermal runaway flue gas. Adding a buffer tank at the front end of the flue gas treatment unit, the buffer tank not only buffers the thermal runaway flue gas, but also enables the thermal runaway flue gas to enter the flue gas treatment unit at a relatively stable flow rate, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can be fully treated by the liquid treatment device. At the same time, the buffer tank can collect some of the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to reduce the usage amount of the subsequent liquid treatment device.

[0046] Further, the above-mentioned primary fire protection unit further includes a safety device. The safety device includes a safety pipeline and a safety discharge part; the inlet of each safety pipeline is connected to the flue gas confluence pipe or the buffer tank, and the outlet of the safety pipeline is connected to the external environment; the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipeline, and its opening pressure is less than the opening pressure of the explosion relief part of the large-capacity battery. This safety device can discharge the thermal runaway flue gas through the safety device when the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas confluence pipe is too high, so as to avoid potential safety hazards caused by excessive pressure in the flue gas confluence pipe and improve the safety during the treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0047] Further, the above-mentioned flue gas confluence pipe includes a primary confluence pipe and a secondary confluence pipe. The primary confluence pipe is connected to the outlet end of the explosion relief confluence pipe of the battery pack assembly, and the secondary confluence pipe is connected to each primary confluence pipe to centrally transport the thermal runaway flue gas in each primary confluence pipe to the flue gas treatment unit.

[0048] Further, the above-mentioned fire safety system further includes a secondary fire protection unit, which includes a fire protection device and a fire protection pipeline; there is a fire extinguishing substance in the fire protection device, and the fire protection pipeline is used to transport the fire extinguishing substance in the fire protection device to the energy storage box body. When there is thermal runaway smoke in the energy storage box body or a large-capacity battery catches fire or explodes, the secondary fire protection unit prevents the thermal runaway smoke from igniting an open fire or extinguishes the large-capacity battery that has already caught fire. Through the cooperation of the primary fire protection unit and the secondary fire protection unit, the large-capacity batteries of the entire energy storage device are protected for safety, which can further improve the safety of the entire energy storage device.

[0049] Further, the above-mentioned fire safety system further includes a tertiary fire protection unit, which includes a fire sprinkler pipeline and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire sprinkler pipeline, and the inlet of the fire sprinkler pipeline is used to connect with an external fire water pipe. When multiple batteries have large thermal runaway fires or when the fire extinguishing substance in the secondary fire protection unit is consumed, the tertiary fire protection unit can continue to extinguish the batteries, further enhancing the safety of the entire energy storage device.

[0050] Further, a plurality of battery pack assemblies are arranged in sequence in the vertical direction to form a battery cluster; the heat transfer unit includes a liquid supply pipeline assembly, a liquid outlet pipeline assembly, a liquid inlet pipeline assembly, and a liquid return pipeline assembly; the liquid supply pipeline assembly is used to transport the heat transfer medium in the heat treatment unit to each battery cluster, and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly is used to converge the heat transfer medium exchanged with each battery cluster to the heat treatment unit; the number of the liquid inlet pipeline assembly and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly corresponds to the number of battery clusters one by one; in each battery cluster, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly is used to divide the heat transfer medium in the liquid supply pipeline assembly into the heat exchange units corresponding to a plurality of large-capacity batteries; the liquid return pipeline assembly is used to converge the heat transfer medium exchanged by the heat exchange units of a plurality of large-capacity batteries to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly.

[0051] Further, the above-mentioned liquid inlet pipeline assembly includes a primary liquid inlet pipe, a plurality of secondary liquid inlet pipes, and a plurality of tertiary liquid inlet pipes; the liquid inlet of the primary liquid inlet pipe is used to connect with the liquid supply pipeline assembly; a plurality of secondary liquid inlet pipes are all connected to the primary liquid inlet pipe, and the plurality of secondary liquid inlet pipes divide the heat transfer medium in the primary liquid inlet pipe into each battery pack assembly in the battery cluster; a plurality of tertiary liquid inlet pipes are all connected to the secondary liquid inlet pipe, and the plurality of tertiary liquid inlet pipes divide the heat transfer medium in the secondary liquid inlet pipe into each large-capacity battery in each battery pack assembly; the above-mentioned liquid return pipeline assembly includes a primary liquid outlet pipe, a secondary liquid outlet pipe, and a tertiary liquid outlet pipe; a plurality of tertiary liquid outlet pipes are all connected to the secondary liquid outlet pipe, and are used to converge the heat transfer medium exchanged with each large-capacity battery in the battery pack assembly to the secondary liquid outlet pipe, and each secondary liquid outlet pipe is connected to the primary liquid outlet pipe to converge the heat transfer medium exchanged with a plurality of battery pack assemblies to the primary liquid outlet pipe, and the primary liquid outlet pipe is connected to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly.

[0052] The liquid inlet pipeline assembly and the liquid return pipeline assembly are made of multi-stage pipelines, so that the heat transfer medium flowing out of the liquid supply pipeline assembly is gradually divided and evenly distributed to each battery module, and the flow rate of the heat transfer medium distributed to each battery module is balanced, so that each battery module in the battery cluster has a good and balanced heat dissipation effect, thereby improving the working stability and service life of each battery module.

[0053] Further, there are multiple battery clusters arranged in a matrix; the liquid supply pipeline assembly includes a first-stage shunt pipe, a second-stage shunt pipe, and a third-stage shunt pipe; the inlet of the first-stage shunt pipe is used to connect to the heat treatment unit; the second-stage shunt pipe is used to divide the heat transfer medium in the first-stage shunt pipe into different columns or rows of battery clusters, and the third-stage shunt pipe is used to divide the heat transfer medium in the second-stage shunt pipe into multiple battery clusters in the same column or row; the liquid outlet pipeline assembly includes a first-stage confluence pipe, a second-stage confluence pipe, and a third-stage confluence pipe; the third-stage confluence pipe is used to converge the heat transfer media of multiple battery clusters in the same column or row into the second-stage confluence pipe; the second-stage shunt pipe is used to converge the heat transfer media of battery clusters in different columns or rows into the first-stage confluence pipe; the outlet of the first-stage confluence pipe is used to connect to the heat treatment unit.

[0054] The liquid supply pipeline assembly and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly are made of multi-stage pipelines, so that the heat transfer medium flowing out of the heat treatment unit is gradually divided and evenly distributed to each battery cluster, and the flow rate of the heat transfer medium distributed to each battery cluster is balanced, so that each battery cluster and each battery module in the battery cluster have a good and balanced heat dissipation effect, thereby improving the working stability and service life of the energy storage device.

[0055] Further, at least part of the pipelines of the liquid supply pipeline assembly, the liquid outlet pipeline assembly, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly, and the liquid return pipeline assembly are provided with heat insulation layers. At the same time, the second-stage liquid inlet pipe and the second-stage liquid outlet pipe are formed by splicing multi-section pipelines. The heat insulation layer can not only effectively prevent the cold or heat loss of the heat transfer medium, reduce energy consumption, but also avoid the condensation phenomenon on the pipe walls of each pipeline. At the same time, the second-stage liquid inlet pipe and the second-stage liquid outlet pipe are formed by splicing multi-section pipelines. This kind of spliced pipeline reduces the error and assembly difficulty when connecting the second-stage liquid inlet pipe and the second-stage liquid outlet pipe. At the same time, during subsequent maintenance of this kind of spliced pipeline, only the pipeline connection heads of the relevant battery modules need to be removed for maintenance, without removing the entire temperature control pipeline assembly, and the installation and maintenance are very convenient.

[0056] Further, a water replenishment joint is provided on the first-stage shunt pipe for replenishing the heat transfer medium to the temperature control system, and an exhaust valve is provided on the first-stage confluence pipe. The exhaust valve is used to discharge the air in the temperature control system. The water replenishment joint and the exhaust valve cooperate to enable the temperature control system to efficiently control the temperature of each battery module, improving the temperature control effect of the temperature control system.

[0057] To further improve the convenience of on-site installation, the above-mentioned secondary liquid outlet pipe is connected to the primary liquid outlet pipe by means of quick connectors and hoses. At the same time, in the same row of battery clusters, two adjacent battery clusters share a primary liquid outlet pipe.

[0058] Furthermore, the support frame includes three parallel mounting brackets; each mounting bracket includes a plurality of first support beams and a plurality of second support beams; each first support beam extends in the z direction, and the plurality of first support beams are arranged in the y direction; each second support beam extends in the y direction, and the plurality of second support beams are arranged in the z direction and fixed to the first support beams; between the second support beams of two mounting brackets in the same xy plane, at least two battery pack component mounting positions are formed and arranged in the y direction; one battery pack component is fixed in each battery pack component mounting position; the battery pack components on both sides of the middle mounting bracket are electrically connected through a first electrical connection plate.

[0059] Furthermore, the battery pack support frame is a rectangular frame. At the bottom of the two opposite second side beams of the battery pack support frame, there are rollers, which are placed on the second support beams and transported into the battery pack component mounting position by means of sliding installation, and are positioned by means of a limiting device arranged on the mounting bracket.

[0060] Furthermore, the above-mentioned battery pack support frame includes a U-shaped frame and a first beam fixed to the open end of the U-shaped frame in a detachable connection manner;

[0061] The first beam is an I-shaped steel, and the explosion venting manifold is fixed in the inner space between the upper flange and the lower flange of the first beam; the secondary liquid inlet pipe and the secondary liquid outlet pipe are embedded in the outer space between the upper flange and the lower flange of the first beam. The explosion venting manifold, the secondary liquid inlet pipe and the secondary liquid outlet pipe are directly embedded in the space between the upper flange and the lower flange of the first beam, without occupying additional space, so that the battery pack component has a high energy density.

[0062] Furthermore, in the z direction, two adjacent battery pack components form a battery pack component unit; in each battery pack component unit, the battery pack support frames of the two battery pack components are plugged in through a vertical support component, and the polarities of the two battery pack components on the same side are opposite. When using this battery pack component unit, the upper and lower battery pack components in the battery pack component unit can be electrically connected and arranged on one side first, and then the whole can be installed in the energy storage box body, which can save the operation space on one side when the battery pack components are connected in series in the box body, and then the energy density of the energy storage device can be improved.

[0063] Further, the vertical support assembly includes a plurality of first docking pipes vertically fixed to the bottom surface of the upper battery pack support frame, and a plurality of second docking pipes vertically fixed to the top surface of the lower battery pack support frame; the plurality of first docking pipes and the plurality of second docking pipes correspond one by one and are inserted into each other. The insertion of the first docking pipes and the second docking pipes can also increase the connection strength and stability of the overall battery pack support frame.

[0064] Further, the above heat treatment unit includes a temperature control machine. The liquid inlet of the temperature control machine is connected to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly, and the liquid outlet of the temperature control machine is connected to the liquid supply pipeline assembly. The temperature control machine is used to raise or lower the temperature of the heat transfer medium.

[0065] Further, the above heat treatment unit further includes a radiator and a control valve; the control valve is used to control whether the heat transfer medium enters the radiator. The liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the radiator are both connected to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly and are used to dissipate heat from the heat transfer medium. By combining the temperature control machine and the radiator to control the temperature of the battery module, the ambient temperature is utilized by the radiator to cool the battery module under non-extreme weather conditions. When the temperature is too high or too low in extreme cases, the temperature control machine is started to heat or cool, which can maximize the utilization of the ambient temperature and reduce the temperature control energy consumption.

[0066] Further, blocking joints are provided at the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the above temperature control machine, and the blocking joints can block the heat transfer medium in the temperature control machine. During the maintenance of the temperature control machine, based on the blocking joints, the outflow of the heat transfer medium in the temperature control machine is prevented, and corresponding liquid discharge operations are not required, improving the convenience and reliability during maintenance. Description of the Drawings

[0067] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the energy storage device;

[0068] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage device;

[0069] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack assembly in Embodiment 1 Figure 1 ;

[0070] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack support frame in Embodiment 1;

[0071] Figure 5 It is an exploded view of the battery pack support frame in Embodiment 1 Figure 1 ;

[0072] Figure 6 It is an exploded view of the battery pack support frame in Embodiment 1 Figure 2 ;

[0073] Figure 7Schematic structural diagram of the third beam of the battery pack support frame in Embodiment 1;

[0074] Figure 8 Schematic structural diagram of the large-capacity battery component in Embodiment 1;

[0075] Figure 9 Schematic structural diagram of the large-capacity battery in Embodiment 1 Figure 1 ;

[0076] Figure 10 Cross-sectional view of the large-capacity battery in Embodiment 1;

[0077] Figure 11 Explosion schematic diagram of the outer shell of the large-capacity battery in Embodiment 1;

[0078] Figure 12 Schematic structural diagram of the cylinder component in Embodiment 1;

[0079] Figure 13 Schematic structural diagram of the end plate component in Embodiment 1 Figure 1 ;

[0080] Figure 14 Schematic structural diagram of the end plate component in Embodiment 1 Figure 2 ;

[0081] Figure 15 Schematic structural diagram of the end plate component in Embodiment 1 Figure 3 ;

[0082] Figure 16 Schematic structural diagram of the end plate component with an additional third end plate in Embodiment 1;

[0083] Figure 17 Schematic structural diagram of the sealing connector in Embodiment 1;

[0084] Figure 18 Schematic structural diagram of the sealing connector with a bottom plate in Embodiment 1 Figure 1 ;

[0085] Figure 19 Schematic structural diagram of the sealing connector with a bottom plate in Embodiment 1 Figure 2 ;

[0086] Figure 20 Schematic structural diagram of another sealing connector;

[0087] Figure 21 Partial explosion schematic diagram of the large-capacity battery in Embodiment 1;

[0088] Figure 22 Schematic structural diagram of the third type of sealing connector;

[0089] Figure 23Schematic structural diagram of the pole adapter in Example 1;

[0090] Figure 24 Cross-sectional view of the pole adapter in Example 1;

[0091] Figure 25 Schematic structural diagram of the large-capacity battery in Example 1 Figure 2 ;

[0092] Figure 26 Schematic structural diagram of the partial explosion of the large-capacity battery in Example 1;

[0093] Figure 27 Schematic structural diagram of the large-capacity battery in Example 1 (with a pressure plate);

[0094] Figure 28 Schematic structural diagram of the pressure plate in Example 1;

[0095] Figure 29 Schematic structural diagram of the large-capacity battery assembly in Example 1 (with an insulating protective cover);

[0096] Figure 30 Schematic of the partial explosion structure of the large-capacity battery in Example 1 Figure 1 ;

[0097] Figure 31 Schematic structural diagram of the insulating frame in Example 1;

[0098] Figure 32 Schematic of the partial structure of the large-capacity battery in Example 1;

[0099] Figure 33 Schematic of the large-capacity battery in Example 1 Figure 3 ;

[0100] Figure 34 Schematic of the partial explosion structure of the large-capacity battery in Example 1 Figure 2 ;

[0101] Figure 35 Schematic diagram of constructing a battery pack assembly based on the large-capacity battery in Example 1;

[0102] Figure 36 Schematic structural diagram of the battery pack assembly constructed based on the large-capacity battery in Example 1;

[0103] Figure 37 Schematic structural diagram of the partial explosion of the large-capacity battery with a second hollow pipe fitting in Example 1;

[0104] Figure 38 Schematic structural diagram of the bracket assembly in Example 1;

[0105] Figure 39 Explosion schematic diagram of the bracket assembly in Example 1;

[0106] Figure 40 Partial structural schematic diagram of the bracket assembly in Example 1;

[0107] Figure 41 Structural schematic diagram of another bracket assembly;

[0108] Figure 42 Structural schematic diagram of the third type of bracket assembly;

[0109] Figure 43 Structural schematic diagram of a large-capacity battery with the third type of bracket assembly;

[0110] Figure 44 Structural schematic of the battery pack assembly in Example 1 Figure 2 ;

[0111] Figure 45 Schematic diagram of the assembly process of the battery pack assembly in Example 1;

[0112] Figure 46 Partial structural schematic of the energy storage box in Example 2 Figure 1 ;

[0113] Figure 47 Partial structural schematic of the energy storage box in Example 2 Figure 2 ;

[0114] Figure 48 Structural schematic diagram of the support frame in Example 2;

[0115] Figure 49 Structural schematic diagram of the side mounting bracket in Example 2;

[0116] Figure 50 Structural schematic diagram of the intermediate mounting bracket in Example 2;

[0117] Figure 51 Structural schematic diagram of the semi-finished energy storage device in Example 3;

[0118] Figure 52 Structural schematic diagram of the battery pack assembly unit in Example 3;

[0119] Figure 53 Explosion structure schematic diagram of the battery pack assembly unit in Example 3;

[0120] Figure 54 Structural schematic diagram of each battery cluster in the semi-finished energy storage device in Example 3;

[0121] Figure 55 Structural schematic diagram of the fire safety system in Example 4;

[0122] Figure 56 It is a schematic structural diagram of the primary fire protection unit in Example 4;

[0123] Figure 57 It is an enlarged view of a partial area of the energy storage device in Example 4;

[0124] Figure 58 It is a schematic structural diagram of the liquid treatment device in Example 4;

[0125] Figure 59 It is a sectional view of the liquid treatment tank in Example 4;

[0126] Figure 60 It is a schematic structural diagram of the flue gas treatment unit containing a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device and an ignition unit in Example 4;

[0127] Figure 61 It is a schematic structural diagram of the flue gas treatment unit containing a buffer tank, a liquid treatment device and an ignition unit in Example 4;

[0128] Figure 62 It is a schematic structural diagram of the secondary fire protection unit and the tertiary fire protection unit in Example 4;

[0129] Figure 63 It is a schematic structural diagram of the temperature control system in Example 5;

[0130] Figure 64 It is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the temperature control system in Example 5 Figure 1 ;

[0131] Figure 65 It is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the temperature control system in Example 5 Figure 2 ;

[0132] Figure 66 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat treatment unit in Example 5 Figure 1 ;

[0133] Figure 67 It is a schematic explosion structure diagram of the blocking joint in Example 5;

[0134] Figure 68 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat treatment unit in Example 5 Figure 2 ;

[0135] Figure 69 It is a schematic diagram of the flow of the heat transfer medium in Example 5 Figure 1 ;

[0136] Figure 70 It is a schematic diagram of the flow of the heat transfer medium in Example 5 Figure 2 ;

[0137] Figure 71 Schematic diagram of the partial structure of the energy storage device in Embodiment 6 Figure 1 ;

[0138] Figure 72 Schematic diagram of the partial structure of the energy storage device in Embodiment 6 Figure 2 ;

[0139] Figure 73 Schematic diagram of the partial structure of the energy storage device in Embodiment 6 Figure 3 ;

[0140] Figure 74 Schematic diagram of the partial structure of the energy storage device in Embodiment 6 Figure 4 ;

[0141] The reference numerals in the figure are as follows:

[0142] 1. Energy storage box; 11. Equipment compartment; 12. Battery compartment; 13. Support frame; 131. Side mounting bracket; 132. Intermediate mounting bracket; 133. First support beam; 134. Second support beam; 135. Support rib plate;

[0143] 2. Fire safety system; 020. Primary fire protection unit; 021. Secondary fire protection unit; 022. Tertiary fire protection unit; 211. Primary manifold; 2120. Secondary manifold; 22. Flue gas treatment unit; 230. Liquid treatment device; 2301. Liquid treatment tank; 2302. Connecting pipeline; 2303. Flue gas inlet; 2304. Flue gas outlet; 2305. Liquid treatment medium filling port; 2306. Drain pipe; 2307. Diverging section; 2308. Spiral baffle; 2210. Ignition device; 2220. Safety pipeline; 2230. Safety discharge section; 231. Solid treatment tank; 2321. Flue gas pipeline; 2322. Exhaust pipe; 2323. Igniter; 2324. Trigger; 2325. Flame arrester; 234. Buffer tank; 2341. Smoke inlet; 2342. Smoke outlet; 24. Fire protection device; 25. Fire protection pipeline; 26. Fire water spray pipeline; 27. Water mist nozzle;

[0144] 3. Battery pack assembly; 31. Battery pack support frame; 311. U-shaped frame; 3111. Second beam; 3112. Third beam; 312. First beam; 313. Connecting column; 314. Roller; 32. Explosion vent busbar; 30. High-capacity battery assembly; 330. High-capacity battery; 331. Outer shell; 332. Single battery; 333. Electrolyte sharing chamber; 334. Gas sharing chamber; 335. Explosion vent pipe assembly; 336. Terminal post; 337. Terminal post adapter; 338. Avoidance hole; 339. Bracket assembly; 340. Outer shell bottom plate; 341. Outer shell top plate; 342. Heat transfer pipe; 343. Channel; 113. Cylinder assembly; 1131. Cylinder; 1132. Boss; 114. End plate assembly; 1141. First end plate; 1142. Second end plate; 1143. First support rib; 1144. Gas channel; 1145. First sub-end plate; 1146. Second sub-end plate; 1147. Third sub-end plate; 1148. First through hole; 1149. Second through hole; 1150. Third end plate; 1221. Terminal post adapter body; 1222. Electrical connection column; 1223. Electrical connection part; 1224. Horizontal plate; 1225. Vertical plate; 1226. First hole; 1227. Third through hole; 123. Through slot; 161. First pipe; 162. Second pipe; 163. Connecting pipe; 17. Insulating protective cover; 18. Sealing connector; 181. Hollow member; 1811. Bottom open end; 1812. Top open end; 182. Bottom plate; 1820. Through hole; 183. Second annular plate; 184. First annular plate; 19. Pressing plate; 191. Pressing part; 192. Fixing part; 1921. Screw hole; 1922. Notch; 101. Insulating frame; 102. Insulating cover plate; 103. Slit; 104. Second insulating frame; 105. Insulating bottom plate; 106. Electrical connection column avoidance hole; 107. Partition; 108. Terminal post adapter accommodation cavity; 109. Glue injection groove; 110. Second chamber; 21. Support member; 2110. Support rib; 220. L-shaped bracket; 221. First bracket; 222. Second bracket; 310. First explosion vent member; 320. Second explosion vent member; 3110. First hollow pipe fitting; 3120. Second hollow pipe fitting; 321. First interface; 322. Second interface; 323. Third interface; 4. Flexible pipe section; 224. Connecting rod; 226. Positioning hole; 223. L-shaped support rod; 212. Support plate;

[0145] 5. Battery pack assembly unit; 6. Vertical support assembly; 61. First docking pipe; 62. Second docking pipe; 7. Electrical connection row;

[0146] 8. Temperature control system; 81. Heat exchange unit; 82. Heat delivery unit; 831. Liquid inlet pipeline assembly; 8311. Primary liquid inlet pipe; 8312. Secondary liquid inlet pipe; 8313. Tertiary liquid inlet pipe; 832. Liquid return pipeline assembly; 8321. Primary liquid outlet pipe; 8322. Secondary liquid outlet pipe; 8323. Tertiary liquid outlet pipe; 836. Quick connector; 835. Hose; 833. Liquid supply pipeline assembly; 8331. Primary shunt pipe; 8332. Secondary shunt pipe; 8333. Tertiary shunt pipe; 834. Liquid outlet pipeline assembly; 8341. Primary confluence pipe; 8342. Secondary confluence pipe; 8343. Tertiary confluence pipe; 83. Heat treatment unit; 841. Temperature controller; 8411. Liquid inlet; 8412. Liquid outlet; 84. Blocking joint; 8410. Joint end pipe; 8420. Control valve; 843. Welding chuck; 842. Radiator; 843. Control valve. Detailed implementation manner

[0147] To make the above objects, features and advantages of the present utility model more obvious and understandable, the following detailed description of the specific implementation manners of the present utility model will be given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present utility model without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0148] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the present utility model. However, the present utility model can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the connotation of the present utility model. Therefore, the present utility model is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0149] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "top, bottom" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present utility model. In addition, terms such as "first, second, third, fourth, etc." are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0150] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the present utility model discloses an energy storage device, including an energy storage box body 1, a fire safety system 2, a temperature control system 8, and at least one battery pack assembly 3.

[0151] The energy storage box body 1 includes at least two functional compartments, which can be respectively defined as an equipment compartment 11 and a battery compartment 12 according to their functions. A support frame 13 is provided in the battery compartment 12. Part of the devices of the fire safety system 2 and the temperature control system 8 are placed in the equipment compartment 11, and the battery pack assembly 3 is placed on the support frame 13 in the battery compartment 12.

[0152] The fire safety system 2 includes a primary fire protection unit 020. The primary fire protection unit 020 includes a smoke converging pipe and a smoke treatment unit 22. The smoke converging pipe is used to convey the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack assembly 3 to the smoke treatment unit 22, and the smoke treatment unit 22 is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke.

[0153] The temperature control system 8 includes a heat exchange unit 81, a heat transfer unit 82, and a heat treatment unit 83. The heat exchange unit 81 is in contact with each battery pack assembly to achieve heat exchange. The heat transfer unit 82 realizes the transfer of the heat transfer medium between the heat exchange unit 81 and the heat treatment unit 83. The heat treatment unit 83 heats up or cools down the heat transfer medium conveyed by the heat transfer unit 82.

[0154] The battery pack assembly 3 includes a battery pack support frame 31, a burst vent converging pipe 32, and n series-connected large-capacity battery components 30 fixed on the battery pack support frame 31 (wherein, the burst vent converging pipe 32 can be referred to Figure 3 ). Wherein n is an integer greater than 1. Each large-capacity battery component 30 includes a large-capacity battery 330 and a bracket assembly 339. Each large-capacity battery 330 includes a housing 331 and a plurality of single cells 332 arranged in the same direction inside the housing 331. The housing 331 is provided with a shared chamber and a burst vent pipe assembly 335 communicated with the shared chamber. The inner cavity of the shared chamber is communicated with the inner cavities of all single cells 332. Avoidance holes 338 are opened on the top plate 341 of the housing corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single cell 332. The polarity terminals of each single cell 332 extend out of the avoidance holes 338, and the area of the top plate 341 of the housing corresponding to the avoidance holes 338 is fixedly sealed with the housing of the single cell 332. The burst vent converging pipe 32 is communicated with the burst vent pipe assembly 335 of each large-capacity battery 330, and the outlet end of the burst vent converging pipe 32 is communicated with the smoke converging pipe. Wherein, each large-capacity battery component is fixed on the battery pack support frame through the bracket assembly, and the battery pack assembly is placed on the support frame in the battery compartment through the battery pack support frame.

[0155] It should be noted that the single cell polarity terminal described here can be a single cell pole column. If in order to avoid that the single cell pole column cannot smoothly extend out of the avoidance hole as the polarity terminal or the height of extending out of the avoidance hole does not meet the set requirements, a pole column adapter can also be connected to the single cell pole column, and the overall structure of the cooperation of the single cell pole column and the pole column adapter is used as the single cell polarity terminal.

[0156] The specific structures of the battery pack assembly 3, the energy storage box body 1, the fire safety system 2, the temperature control system 8, and the energy storage device will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0157] Embodiment 1

[0158] This embodiment is the battery pack assembly 3, and the specific structure can be seen in Figures 3 to 45 .

[0159] As Figure 3 shown, the battery pack assembly 3 of this embodiment includes a battery pack support frame 31, an explosion vent manifold 32, and 13 series-connected large-capacity battery modules 30 fixed on the battery pack support frame 31 ( Figure 3 only two outermost large-capacity battery modules 30 are schematically shown in the figure), and in some other embodiments, the number of large-capacity battery modules 30 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0160] The structure of the battery pack support frame 31 is as Figures 4 to 7 shown. It can be seen from the figure that the battery pack support frame 31 of this embodiment is a rectangular frame. In order to facilitate fixing the large-capacity battery modules 30 on the battery pack support frame 31, combined with Figure 5 it can be seen that the battery pack support frame 31 of this embodiment is designed as a split structure, including a U-shaped frame 311 and a first beam 312 fixed at the open end of the U-shaped frame 311. The assembly of the large-capacity battery modules 30 and the battery pack support frame 31 is realized through the open end of the U-shaped frame 311.

[0161] The U-shaped frame 311 and the first beam 312 can be fixedly connected by two connecting columns 313.

[0162] For the convenience of description, the U-shaped frame 311 of this embodiment is split into three parts, which are respectively defined as a second beam 3111 and two third beams 3112 respectively fixed at both ends of the second beam 3111 (the two third beams 3112 are the two opposite side beams in the U-shaped frame 311); among them, the U-shaped frame 311 can be an integral part, that is, the second beam 3111 and the two third beams 3112 are an integral part; the U-shaped frame 311 can also be a split part, that is, the second beam 3111 and the two third beams 3112 are independent parts, and are assembled into the U-shaped frame 311 by welding or screwing later.

[0163] In order to improve the structural strength of the entire battery pack support frame 31, the first beam 312 and the second beam 3111 opposite to the first beam 312 of this embodiment adopt I-shaped steel (see Figure 5 and Figure 6), the upper flange of the I-beam serves as the fixing surface for the large-capacity battery module 30. The third beam 3112 is made of square steel. Additionally, for ease of assembly, in this embodiment, rollers 314 are provided at the bottom of the third beam 3112, as shown in Figure 7 shown.

[0164] The first beam 312 and the second beam 3111 can also be made of square steel. Since the supporting strength of square steel is relatively weak, in order to improve the supporting strength of the entire battery pack support frame 31, it is necessary to add a supporting structure member in the middle of the frame. However, after adding the supporting structure member, the distance between the large-capacity battery modules 30 on both sides of the supporting structure member will be relatively large, which will in turn result in a relatively small energy density of the entire battery pack module.

[0165] In this embodiment, the first beam 312 and the second beam 3111 are made of I-beams, and the upper flange is used as the fixing surface for the large-capacity battery module 30. The upper flange is the maximum load-bearing surface of the I-beam, enabling the entire battery pack support frame 31 to have good supporting strength without the need to add a supporting structure member. As a result, the gaps between all the large-capacity battery modules 30 can be made equal (with a small gap), improving the energy density of the entire battery pack module 3.

[0166] In this embodiment, the inner space between the upper and lower flanges of the first beam 312 is used as the accommodation space for the explosion venting and current collecting pipe 32. At the same time, through holes are opened on the first beam 312 to allow the outlet end of the explosion venting and current collecting pipe 32 to pass through (see Figure 34 ). The outer space between the upper and lower flanges of the first beam 312 is used as the accommodation space for part of the heat transfer unit.

[0167] For the structure of the large-capacity battery module 30 in this embodiment, see Figures 8 to 43 ;

[0168] Combined with Figures 8 to 11 , it can be seen that the large-capacity battery module 30 in this embodiment includes a large-capacity battery 330 and a bracket assembly 339.

[0169] Among them, the large-capacity battery 330 includes a housing 331 and single cells 332 arranged inside the housing 331.

[0170] The single cells 332 in this embodiment are square shell batteries, and the number is 13. In other embodiments, the number and type of the single cells 332 can be adjusted according to actual requirements. The inner cavities of each single cell 332 include an electrolyte area and a gas area.

[0171] In this embodiment, on the bottom plate 340 of the housing, an electrolyte sharing chamber 333 is provided along the x direction, and the inner cavity of the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 is communicated with the electrolyte areas of the inner cavities of each single cell 332.

[0172] On the top plate 341 of the outer shell, a gas sharing chamber 334 is provided along the x direction, and the gas sharing chamber 334 covers the gas ports on the tops of the individual battery cells 332.

[0173] It should be noted that the gas port here has the following two meanings:

[0174] 1) The gas port is a through hole directly opened on the upper cover plate of the individual battery cell and penetrating the inner cavity of the individual battery cell;

[0175] At this time, the inner cavity of the gas sharing chamber is connected to the gas areas of the inner cavities of the individual battery cells through this gas port. Based on the gas sharing chamber, the gas areas of the individual battery cells can be connected to achieve gas balance, enabling the individual battery cells to share gas to ensure the consistency of the individual battery cells, and improving the cycle life of the large-capacity battery to a certain extent; when any individual battery cell undergoes thermal runaway, the flue gas in the inner cavity of this individual battery cell enters the gas sharing chamber and is discharged through the gas sharing chamber, improving the safety of this large-capacity battery.

[0176] 2) The gas port is a venting port or explosion-proof port provided on the upper cover plate of the individual battery cell, and a venting film is provided at this venting port or explosion-proof port;

[0177] At this time, the gas sharing chamber is used as a venting channel. When the venting film at the gas port of any individual battery cell is broken by the flue gas in the inner cavity, the inner cavity of this individual battery cell is connected to the gas sharing chamber, and the flue gas inside it is discharged through the gas sharing chamber, improving the safety of this large-capacity battery.

[0178] In some other embodiments, only an electrolyte sharing chamber 333 or a gas sharing chamber 334 may be provided, or a gas-liquid sharing chamber may be provided along the x direction on the side wall (parallel to the xz plane) of the outer shell 331, and the inner cavity of the gas-liquid sharing chamber is connected to both the electrolyte area and the gas area of the inner cavities of the individual battery cells 332.

[0179] As Figure 11 shown, it is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the outer shell 331 of this embodiment. The outer shell 331 is disassembled into a cylindrical component 113 with both ends open and end plate components 114 covering the open ends of the cylindrical component 113. Among them, the structure of the cylindrical component 113 is as Figure 12 shown, including a cylinder 1131 and two bosses 1132 for forming the electrolyte sharing chamber 333; both ends of the cylinder 1131 are open ends; the two bosses 1132 are located on the inner bottom surface of the cylinder 1131, have the same length as the cylinder 1131, extend along the x direction and are arranged in the y direction. The top surface of the boss 1132 is the supporting surface of each individual battery cell 332. In the y direction, a liquid channel is formed between the two bosses 1132 as the electrolyte sharing chamber 333. The above-mentioned cylindrical component 113 can be integrally formed by an aluminum extrusion process.

[0180] In some other embodiments, the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 can also be directly formed on the bottom plate of the cylinder body, by protruding the bottom plate of the cylinder body away from the top plate of the cylinder body 1131; or a pipe section can be provided outside the bottom plate of the cylinder body, and the inner cavity of the pipe section is used as the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 (through holes need to be opened on the pipe wall and the bottom plate of the cylinder body).

[0181] In some other embodiments, the housing 331 includes a cylinder body with openings at both the upper and lower ends, and an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate respectively covering the upper and lower open ends of the cylinder body; the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 is provided on the lower cover plate, and the gas sharing chamber 334 is provided on the upper cover plate; the lower cover plate and the cylinder body can also be an integral part.

[0182] As Figures 13 to 16 shown, the structural schematic diagram of the end plate assembly 114 of this embodiment includes a first end plate 1141 and a second end plate 1142 that are parallel to each other. A first support rib 1143 is provided between the first end plate 1141 and the second end plate 1142 to form a gas channel 1144. It can be seen from the figure that this embodiment includes two first support ribs 1143. The two first support ribs 1143 extend along the z direction and are arranged in the y direction. A gas channel 1144 is formed between the first end plate 1141, the second end plate 1142 and the two first support ribs 1143. In the z direction, the sizes of the two first support ribs 1143 are the same as the size of the second end plate 1142. The gas channel 1144 extends along the z direction. The upper end port is used as the intake end of the gas channel 1144, and the lower end port is used as the outlet end of the gas channel 1144. This outlet end communicates with a first through hole 1148 opened on the first end plate 1141.

[0183] In some other embodiments, one or more than two first support ribs 1143 can be provided between the first end plate 1141 and the second end plate 1142, as long as it is ensured that a structurally stable gap can be formed between the first end plate 1141 and the second end plate 1142 as the gas channel 1144.

[0184] When one first support rib 1143 is used, the first support rib 1143 can extend along the z direction. In the y direction, it can be located in the middle of the first end plate 1141 and the second end plate 1142. However, compared with this embodiment, its structural stability is weaker.

[0185] When more than two first support ribs 1143 are used, the first support ribs 1143 can extend along the z direction and are arranged at equal intervals in the y direction. Compared with this embodiment, it has higher structural strength, but the processing cost is higher.

[0186] In some other embodiments, the second end plate 1142 can be fixed to the first end plate 1141 by screws. It should be noted that, in order to ensure the formation of the gas passage 1144 between the second end plate 1142 and the first end plate 1141, in the x direction, the length of the screw should be greater than the gap between the second end plate 1142 and the first end plate 1141 and less than the distance between the inner surface of the second end plate 1142 and the outer surface of the first end plate 1141 (the surface close to each single battery 332 is defined as the inner surface). The screw head passes through the second end plate 1142 to connect with the first end plate 1141. In order for the end plate assembly 114 to better squeeze each single battery 332 as a whole, a gasket is provided between the second end plate 1142 and the first end plate 1141, and the screw head passes through the second end plate 1142, the gasket and the first end plate 1141 in sequence to connect, so as to prevent the gap between the second end plate 1142 and the first end plate 1141 from becoming smaller or even disappearing when squeezing the single battery 332.

[0187] In this embodiment, the end plate assembly 114 is a one-piece body, that is, the first end plate 1141, the second end plate 1142 and the first support rib 1143 are a one-piece body, and can be integrally formed by an aluminum extrusion process. Compared with a split part, it has a stable structure and a lower processing cost.

[0188] In order to ensure that all the hot runaway flue gas enters the gas passage 1144, in the y direction, it is preferably that the distance between two first support ribs 1143 is greater than the size of the gas sharing chamber 334, that is, the size of the intake end of the gas passage 1144 is greater than the size of the outlet end of the gas sharing chamber 334; when any single battery 332 has a thermal runaway, the flue gas in the cavity of this single battery 332 enters the gas sharing chamber 334, and after spraying out from the gas sharing chamber 334, it can all enter the gas passage 1144 and push open the explosion vent pipe assembly 335 fixed at the first through hole 1148 of the first end plate 1141 and be discharged.

[0189] As Figure 11 shown, in this embodiment, the end plate assembly 114 is fixed to at least one open end of the above-mentioned cylinder assembly 113, and the other open end can be sealed by another end plate assembly 114. The difference between this other end plate assembly 114 and the above-mentioned end plate assembly 114 is that the first through hole 1148 is not provided on the first end plate 1141.

[0190] For the convenience of description, according to different sealing objects, the first end plate 1141 in this embodiment is divided into three regions, and the three regions are respectively defined as the first sub-end plate 1145, the second sub-end plate 1146 and the third sub-end plate 1147, as Figure 14 shown.

[0191] Wherein, the first sub-end plate 1145 is used to seal the open end of the gas sharing chamber 334 of the large-capacity battery 330. The shape of the first sub-end plate 1145 is adapted to the shape of the open end of the gas sharing chamber 334, and its area can be slightly larger than the area of the open end of the gas sharing chamber 334. It is fixed to the open end of the gas sharing chamber 334 by means of fusion welding; its area can also be slightly smaller than the area of the open end of the gas sharing chamber 334, and it is fixed to the open end of the gas sharing chamber 334 by means of insert welding.

[0192] Wherein, the second sub-end plate 1146 is used to seal the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 of the large-capacity battery 330. The shape of the second sub-end plate 1146 is adapted to the shape of the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 333, and its area can be slightly larger than the area of the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 333. It is fixed to the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 by means of fusion welding; its area can also be slightly smaller than the area of the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 333, and it is fixed to the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 by means of insert welding.

[0193] Wherein, the third sub-end plate 1147 is used to seal the open end of the cylinder body 1131 of the large-capacity battery 330. The shape of the third sub-end plate 1147 is adapted to the shape of the open end of the cylinder body 1131, and its area can be slightly larger than the area of the open end of the cylinder body 1131. It is fixed to the open end of the cylinder body 1131 by means of fusion welding; its area can also be slightly smaller than the area of the open end of the cylinder body 1131, and it is fixed to the open end of the cylinder body 1131 by means of insert welding.

[0194] It should be noted that the first sub-end plate 1145, the second sub-end plate 1146 and the third sub-end plate 1147 in this embodiment are integral parts. In some other embodiments, a split structure can be adopted. However, compared with the integral part structure, firstly, its processing procedures are more complex. Secondly, since each sub-end plate needs to be connected to each other, each connection part is a weak part or an easy leakage point, which results in a relatively weak sealing performance of the entire outer shell 331.

[0195] A first through hole 1148 is opened in the area of the first end plate 1141 corresponding to the second sub-end plate 1146 or the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 333. Figure 9 It can be seen that in this embodiment, a part of the first through hole 1148 is located on the second sub-end plate 1146, and the other part is located on the third sub-end plate 1147. The explosion vent pipe assembly 335 is welded at the first through hole 1148 (see Figure 9 ).

[0196] Combined with Figure 15It can be seen that the shape of the second end plate 1142 in this embodiment is adapted to the shape of the third sub-end plate 1147. In the yz plane, the orthographic projection of the second end plate 1142 is located on the third sub-end plate 1147, and the projected area is less than or equal to that of the third sub-end plate 1147, avoiding the second end plate 1142 from blocking the first through hole 1148.

[0197] In some other embodiments, when the second end plate 1142 has a relatively large dimension in the z direction and is fixed to the third sub-end plate 1147, it may block the first through hole 1148, resulting in the inability of the gas passage 1144 or the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 to communicate with the explosion vent tube assembly 335. To solve this problem, a through hole or notch that communicates with the first through hole 1148 may be provided in the second end plate 1142 to ensure the communication between the first through hole 1148 and the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 or the gas passage 1144.

[0198] The end plate assembly 114 is fixed to the open end of the cylinder assembly 113, and cooperates with the explosion vent tube assembly 335 to seal the open end of the cylinder 1131 while sealing the open ends of the gas sharing chamber 334 and the electrolyte sharing chamber 333. Through the gas passage 1144 on the end plate assembly 114, the gas sharing chamber 334 and the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 are communicated. When any single battery 332 undergoes thermal runaway and the flue gas in its inner cavity rushes out from the gas port, it will successively pass through the gas sharing chamber 334 and the gas passage 1144, and push open the explosion vent tube assembly 335 to be discharged from the explosion vent tube assembly 335.

[0199] When the gas sharing chamber 334 serves as the explosion relief channel 343, the first through hole 1148 is located in the area of the first end plate 1141 opposite to the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 333. The first through hole 1148 also serves as the operation port of the unpacking device. The unpacking device extends into the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 through the first through hole 1148 to unpack each single cell 332, so that the electrolyte areas in the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 and the inner cavities of each single cell 332 are connected. (During specific unpacking, the unpacking device extends into the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 through the first through hole 1148, and the sealing film sealed at the opening of the lower cover plate of each single cell 332 can be opened. Specifically, the sealing film can adopt the sealing films disclosed in Chinese patents CN218525645U and CN218525614U). In addition, the first through hole 1148 can also serve as the liquid injection port. After the electrolyte areas in the inner cavities of each single cell 332 and the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 are connected, electrolyte can be injected again into the inner cavities of each single cell 332 and the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 through the first through hole 1148 to ensure the continuity of the electrolyte. After the liquid injection is completed, the explosion relief pipe assembly 335 is hermetically welded to partial areas of the second sub-end plate 1146 and the third sub-end plate 1147 around the first through hole 1148. Compared with separately opening the first through hole 1148, the operation port of the unpacking device or the liquid injection port on the end plate assembly 114, the overall structural strength of the end plate assembly 114 is relatively high, and the structure is simple and convenient for processing.

[0200] A second through hole 1149 can also be opened in the area of the first end plate 1141 corresponding to the open end of the gas sharing chamber 334. After injecting liquid through the second through hole 1149, the continuity of the electrolyte in the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 and the inner cavities of each single cell 332 can also be ensured. After the liquid injection is completed, the sealing piece is sealed to partial areas of the first sub-end plate 1145 and the third sub-end plate 1147 around the second through hole 1149.

[0201] When the gas sharing chamber 334 serves as the gas sharing chamber 334, in this embodiment, a second through hole 1149 can also be opened in the area of the first end plate 1141 corresponding to the open end of the gas sharing chamber 334. From Figure 8It can be seen that in this embodiment, the second through-hole 1149 is located on partial areas of the first sub-end plate 1145 and the third sub-end plate 1147, and the second through-hole 1149 is used as the liquid injection port. The electrolyte can be injected into the gas sharing chamber 334 through the second through-hole 1149 to dissolve the sealing film sealed at the top opening parts of each single battery 332 (the sealing film disclosed in Chinese patents CN218525645U and CN218525614U can be adopted. When specifically injecting liquid, the entire large-capacity battery 330 can be inverted so that the sealing film is fully dissolved), enabling the gas sharing chamber 334 to communicate with the inner cavities of each single battery 332; at the same time, after the large-capacity battery 330 is placed upright, after injecting liquid through the second through-hole 1149, the continuity of the electrolyte in the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 and the inner cavities of each single battery 332 can also be ensured. After the liquid injection is completed, the sealing piece is sealed on partial areas of the first sub-end plate 1145 and the third sub-end plate 1147 around the second through-hole 1149.

[0202] As Figure 16 shown, in this embodiment, a third end plate 1150 can be additionally provided. The third end plate 1150 is closely attached to the inner surface of the second end plate 1142 (the surface of the second end plate 1142 close to the single battery 332 is defined as the inner surface). By adjusting the dimension of the third end plate 1150 in the x direction, all the single batteries 332 are clamped in the x direction, improving the stability of each single battery 332 in the inner cavity of the outer shell 331, and the problem that each single battery 332 bulges and causes the cyclic performance of the large-capacity battery 330 to decrease can also be prevented. In addition, the third end plate 1150 can be used to further avoid the influence of the thermal runaway flue gas on the outermost single battery 332.

[0203] It should be noted that after adding the third end plate 1150, it is still necessary to ensure the connectivity of the gas sharing chamber 334, the gas channel 1144, the electrolyte sharing chamber 333, and the explosion relief tube assembly 335. This can be achieved by reducing the dimension of the third end plate 1150 in the z direction so that it does not block the first through-hole 1148, or by opening through-holes or notches at the corresponding part of the third end plate 1150 and the first through-hole 1148.

[0204] See Figure 10 、 Figure 11 and Figure 12 , in this embodiment, avoidance holes 338 through which the polarity terminals of each single battery 332 can extend are opened on the top plate of the cylinder 1131 (the outer shell top plate 341); the polarity terminals of each single battery 332 extend out of the corresponding avoidance holes 338, and the area of the outer shell 331 around the avoidance holes 338 is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single battery 332. Correspondingly, if a cylinder with open upper and lower ends is adopted, avoidance holes 338 through which the polarity terminals of each single battery 332 can extend need to be opened on the upper cover plate.

[0205] In this embodiment, a sealing connector 18 is used to fixedly seal the area of the housing 331 around each avoidance hole 338 and the housing of the single battery 332.

[0206] In some other embodiments, when the sizes of the single batteries 332 in the z direction are similar, the area of the top plate 341 of the housing around the avoidance hole 338 and the upper cover plate of the corresponding single battery 332 can be directly welded to seal the avoidance hole 338.

[0207] However, when there are large deviations in the sizes of the single batteries 332 in the z direction, if it is necessary to ensure that the lower cover plates of the single batteries 332 are on the same horizontal plane, there will be a problem that the upper cover plates of the single batteries 332 are uneven in height, resulting in gaps between the upper cover plates of some individual single batteries 332 and the top plate 341 of the housing. This may cause false welding or even impossible welding between the top plate 341 of the housing and the upper cover plate of the single battery 332 during welding. To solve this problem, it can be considered to use the sealing connector 18 to seal the avoidance hole 338.

[0208] Specifically, the sealing connector 18 may include a hollow member 181 (similar to a hollow tube), and the hollow member 181 is sleeved outside the polar terminal of the single battery 332. The bottom of the hollow member 181 is hermetically connected to the area around the polar terminal of the upper cover plate of the single battery 332, and the top of the hollow member 181 is hermetically connected to the area of the top plate 341 of the housing around the avoidance hole 338. Riveting or welding can be used to achieve the hermetic connection (preferably welding to ensure the sealing performance of the connection part). The area of the top plate 341 of the housing around the avoidance hole 338 is the outer surface area of the top plate 341 of the housing around the avoidance hole 338; or the hole wall of the avoidance hole 338.

[0209] However, in actual processing and application, the following problems are found:

[0210] 1. When the bottom of the hollow member 181 is hermetically connected to the area around the polar terminal of the upper cover plate of the single battery 332 by welding, the upper cover plates of some single batteries 332 are extremely prone to damage, resulting in the scrapping of the single battery 332.

[0211] 2. Due to the existence of other structures, there may be a situation where welding cannot be performed in the area around the polar terminal of the upper cover plate of some single batteries 332.

[0212] 3. Even if there is no visible damage during the processing, in actual application, when thermal runaway occurs in individual cells 332 of the large-capacity battery 330 with the above-mentioned sealing connector 18, the thermal runaway smoke will leak from the connection area around the polarity terminal of the upper cover plate of the single cell 332. Therefore, if the above-mentioned multiple large-capacity batteries 330 are assembled as energy storage equipment, when thermal runaway occurs, the thermal runaway smoke may leak from the welding parts around the polarity terminal of the upper cover plate of the single cell 332 and diffuse, posing certain safety hazards. Based on this problem, the large-capacity battery 330 after thermal runaway was disassembled, and it was found that cracks appeared in the connection area around the polarity terminal of the upper cover plate of the single cell 332 that experienced thermal runaway (the connection area with the bottom of the sealing connector 18). After analysis, the reason for this phenomenon is that there is a certain weak area around the polarity terminal of the upper cover plate of the single cell 332. If the connection area falls into the weak area, it will cause the above-mentioned problem. The reason is that the welding process causes certain damage to the weak area, which makes the area unable to withstand the thermal runaway pressure. When thermal runaway occurs, cracks are generated, causing thermal runaway smoke to leak from the area.

[0213] Based on this, the present embodiment considers optimizing the structure of the sealing connector 18, mainly adjusting the size and shape of the bottom open end 1811 of the hollow component 181, so that the orthographic projection of the bottom open end 1811 of the hollow component 181 on the upper cover of the single cell 332 covers the weak area around the polarity terminal of the upper cover of the single cell 332; thereby ensuring that when welding the bottom of the hollow component 181 and the surrounding area of ​​the polarity terminal of the upper cover of the single cell 332, the weak area around the polarity terminal of the upper cover of the single cell 332 can be avoided, thereby avoiding damage to the weak area during the welding process.

[0214] It should be noted that:

[0215] 1. The size, position and shape of the weak area corresponding to the single battery 332 produced by different manufacturers are also different. Therefore, when processing the sealing connector 18, this embodiment first needs to determine the size, position and shape of the weak area of ​​the single battery 332, and adjust the size and shape of the bottom open end 1811 of the hollow component 181 according to the single battery 332 produced by different manufacturers.

[0216] 2. In this embodiment, areas that are easily damaged by welding, areas that cannot be welded, or areas where the pressure bearing capacity is reduced due to welding are all referred to as weak areas.

[0217] like Figure 17 , which is a schematic structural diagram of the sealing connector 18 of this embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that the sealing connector 18 of this embodiment includes a hollow component 181, which can also be called a hollow pipe.

[0218] Both ends of the hollow member 181 are open ends. For the convenience of description, one of the open ends is defined as the bottom open end 1811, and the other open end is defined as the top open end 1812.

[0219] The bottom of the hollow member 181 is used for sealing connection with the first area of the single cell 332. Herein, the first area mentioned is the peripheral area of the weak area of the upper cover plate of the single cell 332. In order to seal-connect the bottom of the hollow member 181 with the first area of the single cell 332, in this embodiment, the orthographic projection (orthographic projection area) of the bottom open end 1811 of the hollow member 181 on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332 covers the weak area around the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332. It should be noted that in this case, the orthographic projection (orthographic projection area) of the bottom open end 1811 of the hollow member 181 on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332 will necessarily cover the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332.

[0220] During welding, the hollow member 181 can be first positioned on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332, and the position of the hollow member 181 can be adjusted so that the orthographic projection of the bottom open end 1811 of the hollow member 181 on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332 covers the weak area around the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332. Then, the bottom of the hollow member 181 and the upper cover plate of the single cell 332 are welded. Since the two welded surfaces are perpendicular to each other, the reliability and tightness of the welded part may be relatively weak.

[0221] To solve this problem, as Figure 18 and Figure 19 shown, a bottom plate 182 can be fixed to the bottom open end 1811 of the hollow member 181, and a through hole 1820 is opened on the bottom plate 182. The size of the through hole 1820 needs to ensure that the polar terminal of the single cell 332 can pass through, and the bottom plate 182 is welded to the peripheral area of the weak area around the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332.

[0222] The size and shape of the through hole 1820 can be determined according to the size and shape of the weak area of the single cell 332. It can be seen from the figure that in this embodiment, the through hole 1820 is an oval through hole, and the corresponding weak area of the single cell 332 is also an oval area. Preferably, the orthographic projection of the through hole 1820 on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332 covers the weak area around the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332. In this way, when the bottom plate 182 is welded to the upper cover plate of the single cell 332, the welded part will necessarily be located outside the weak area.

[0223] The bottom plate 182 can be fixed to the bottom open end 1811 of the hollow member 181 by welding, or the bottom plate 182 and the hollow member 181 can be processed into an integral part by an integral processing method. Compared with the split part, the integral part has a lower processing cost and higher structural stability.

[0224] In some other embodiments, such as Figure 20 shown, a second annular plate 183 can also be fixedly sleeved outside the bottom of the hollow member 181, and the second annular plate 183 is welded to the peripheral area of the weak area around the polarity terminal of the upper cover plate of the single battery 332. Since the orthographic projection of the open end 1811 at the bottom of the hollow member 181 on the upper cover plate of the single battery 332 covers the weak area around the polarity terminal on the upper cover plate of the single battery 332, and the second annular plate 183 is located outside the bottom of the hollow member 181, its inner diameter must be larger than the diameter of the open end 1811 at the bottom of the hollow member 181. In this way, when the second annular plate 183 is welded to the upper cover plate of the single battery 332, the welding part must be located in the peripheral area of the weak area. The second annular plate 183 can be fixed to the open end 1811 at the bottom of the hollow member 181 by welding, or the second annular plate 183 and the hollow member 181 can be processed into an integral part by integral processing. Compared with the split part, the integral part has a lower processing cost and higher structural stability.

[0225] The top of the hollow member 181 is used for sealing connection with the area of the outer shell top plate 341 around the avoidance hole 338; in this embodiment, the size and shape of the open end 1812 at the top of the hollow member 181 are mainly related to the shape of the avoidance hole 338. For example, in this embodiment, the avoidance hole 338 of the large-capacity battery 330 adapted by the hollow member 181 is a round hole, so the open end 1812 at the top of the hollow member 181 is round and its diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of the avoidance hole 338. In this embodiment, the outer peripheral surface of the hollow member 181 is used for tightly fitting with the hole wall of the avoidance hole 338, and the hollow member 181 and the avoidance hole 338 are welded and sealed by laser welding; the welding area of the hollow member 181 and the avoidance hole 338 is between the outer edge at the top of the hollow member 181 and the inner edge of the hole wall of the avoidance hole 338.

[0226] Such as Figure 21 shown, it is a partial explosion schematic diagram of the large-capacity battery 330 in this embodiment. In order to clearly show the connection positions of the sealing connector 18 with the upper cover plate of the single battery 332 and the area of the outer shell top plate 341 around the avoidance hole 338, in Figure 21 three states are shown. Among them, at position a, the bottom plate 182 of the sealing connector 18 is welded and sealed with the peripheral area of the weak area of the upper cover plate; at position b, the pole column 336 of the single battery 332 is located in the avoidance hole 338, and the welding of the sealing connector 18 has not been completed; at position c, the single battery 332 is not installed in the corresponding part of the avoidance hole 338, and the structure of the avoidance hole 338 can be clearly shown.

[0227] In some other embodiments, such as Figure 22 shown (different from Figure 17, the through hole 1820 on the bottom plate 182 of the sealing connector 18 is a round hole). It is also possible to fixedly sleeved a first annular plate 184 on the outer side of the top of the hollow member 181, and weld and seal the first annular plate 184 with the second area of the outer shell 331; the second area is the outer surface area of the top plate 341 of the outer shell around the avoidance hole 338. The first annular plate 184 can be fixedly welded to the open end 1812 at the top of the hollow member 181.

[0228] From Figure 21 It can also be seen that the polar terminal in this embodiment is an integral structure formed by the cooperation of the pole post 336 of the single cell 332 and the pole post adapter 337. The following mainly introduces the structure of the pole post adapter 337 in detail.

[0229] As Figure 10 and Figure 21 shown, the polar terminal in this embodiment is an integral structure formed by the cooperation of the pole post 336 of the single cell 332 and the pole post adapter 337; the structures of the pole post adapters 337 connected to the positive pole post or the negative pole post are the same. In this embodiment, the pole post adapter 337 connected to the positive pole post is taken as an example, and its structure is as Figure 23 and Figure 24 shown.

[0230] It can be seen from the figure that the pole post adapter 337 in this embodiment includes a pole post adapter body 1221 and an electrical connection post 1222.

[0231] The pole post adapter body 1221 is a rectangular block. In some other embodiments, the pole post adapter body 1221 can also be a cylinder. It can be made of a metal material with good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, such as silver, copper, aluminum, etc. However, considering the cost and the comprehensive effects of electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, aluminum is generally selected as the material of the pole post adapter body 1221.

[0232] In this embodiment, the electrical connection post 1222 is a cylinder fixed to the bottom of the pole post adapter body 1221, and the cross section of the cylinder is adapted to the cross section of the pole post 336 of the single cell 332; the electrical connection post 1222 is connected to the pole post 336 of the single cell 332.

[0233] In order to facilitate the connection between the electrical connection post 1222 and the pole post 336 of the single cell 332, a first hole 1226 is opened on the pole post adapter body 1221 in this embodiment. The first hole 1226 can be a blind hole; the bottom of the blind hole is fusion-welded to the pole post 336 of the single cell 332 to achieve the connection between the two. In order to eliminate the welding stress, a third through hole 1227 penetrating the blind hole can be opened at the bottom of the blind hole. It can also be understood that the structure of the first hole 1226 is a stepped hole, the large hole of the stepped hole is close to the top surface of the pole post adapter body 1221, and the small hole is close to the bottom surface of the pole post adapter body 1221, as Figure 24 shown.

[0234] Considering that, due to the different diversion cross-sections, the conductivity of the hollow conductor is weaker than that of the solid conductor. After connecting the pole post adapter 337 to the pole post 336 of the single cell 332, in this embodiment, a conductive post can be fixed in the first hole 1226 to improve the conductivity of the pole post adapter body 1221.

[0235] The first hole 1226 can be a round hole, a square hole or other irregular holes; in order to be adapted to the shape of the pole post 336, a round hole is preferably used in this embodiment. The shape of the conductive post is adapted to the first hole 1226 and is a cylinder, and its outer diameter can be slightly larger than the aperture of the first hole 1226, and it is connected to the first hole 1226 in an interference fit manner. In order to facilitate fixing it in the first hole 1226, a chamfer can be provided on the end face of the conductive post. The height of the conductive post can be the same as the depth of the first hole 1226, or slightly less than the depth of the first hole 1226. The height of the conductive post is not limited in this embodiment. The material of the conductive post is the same as that of the pole post adapter body 1221.

[0236] In this embodiment, after adding the electrical connection post 1222 to the pole post adapter body 1221, it is not necessary for the pole post 336 of the single cell 332 to extend out of the corresponding avoidance hole 338. Instead, the electrical connection post 1222 of the pole post adapter 337 extends into the avoidance hole 338 to be connected to the pole post 336 of the single cell 332 located in the inner cavity of the cylinder body 1131. Therefore, during the assembly process, it is not necessary to add a support member between the bottom of the single cell 332 and the cylinder body bottom plate, simplifying the preparation process of such large-capacity batteries 330.

[0237] The heat exchange unit 81 in the temperature control system 8 of the present utility model is mainly used for heat exchange with each large-capacity battery 330. The heat exchange unit 81 can be a heat transfer plate or a heat transfer tube 342 that contacts the polarity terminals of each large-capacity battery 330 or contacts the outer shell 331. The above heat transfer plate or heat transfer tube 342 is connected to the heat treatment unit 83 through the heat transfer unit 82 to control the temperature of the large-capacity battery 330.

[0238] As Figure 23 and Figure 24 shown, in this embodiment, a clamping portion for installing the heat transfer tube 342 is provided on the pole post adapter body 1221. After constructing the large-capacity battery 330 with the single cell 332 having such a pole post adapter 337, the heat transfer tube 342 is installed in the clamping portion of the pole post adapter 337. The heat concentrated on the pole post 336 can be transferred from the pole post adapter 337 to the heat transfer tube 342 and then the heat is taken out. Similarly, when the ambient temperature is too low and the single cell 332 may not be able to start normally, the external temperature control device can also heat up each single cell 332 through the heat transfer tube 342. It can be seen in Figure 25 that the specific structure of the heat transfer tube will be introduced in detail in the subsequent embodiments.

[0239] The clamping part can be a through hole or a through groove 123 formed in the main body 1221 of the pole post adapter. Both the through hole and the through groove 123 extend along the x direction and penetrate through both ends of the main body 1221 of the pole post adapter. The size of the through hole or the through groove 123 needs to ensure that the heat transfer tube 342 is tightly clamped therein, so as to ensure the installation stability and at the same time ensure the heat transfer effect between the heat transfer tube 342 and the pole post adapter 337. Compared with the through hole, if the number of single cells 332 in a group is large, it is easier to fix the heat transfer tube 342 in the through groove 123. And when the heat transfer tube 342 is made of metal materials such as copper tubes or heat pipes, compared with the through hole, it is easier to ensure that the heat transfer tube 342 is in close contact with the groove wall of the through groove 123 (that is, the copper tube or the heat pipe can be deformed by external tooling extrusion from the opening of the through groove 123); the cross section of the through groove 123 can be designed as a U shape or a C shape.

[0240] When the through groove 123 communicates with the first hole 1226, the conductive post in the first hole 1226 also has the function of improving the heat conduction effect, so that the pole post 336 and the heat transfer tube 342 can better achieve heat exchange.

[0241] The utility model can also lay an insulating sealant on the top plate 341 of the outer shell to prevent the condensation generated by the heat transfer tube 342 from seeping into the battery interior, resulting in a short - circuit problem. Therefore, it is considered to pour the insulating sealant on the entire pole post adapter 337 of the large - capacity battery 330.

[0242] The following two problems need to be considered with emphasis:

[0243] 1. The electrical connection problem of the pole post adapter 337;

[0244] 2. The problem of glue overflow on the top surface of the pole post adapter 337 during the glue injection process:

[0245] Regarding problem 1, it can be overcome by the following method:

[0246] By optimizing the structure of the above - mentioned pole post adapter 337, an electrical connection part 1223 is added on the pole post adapter 337, and it is ensured that no glue is poured on the electrical connection part 1223 for connecting with the electrical connector; the electrical connector mentioned here is a connecting device for realizing the series connection of two large - capacity batteries 330; it can also be a connecting device for connecting the large - capacity battery 330 with an external load.

[0247] Regarding problem 2, it can be overcome by the following method:

[0248] A glue - blocking structure is added on the pole post adapter 337; the glue - blocking structure can be a part of the electrical connection part 1223.

[0249] Such as Figure 23 andFigure 24 As shown, it can be seen that the terminal adapter 337 of this embodiment further includes an electrical connection part 1223, which is used to connect with an external electrical connector while preventing the insulating sealant from overflowing from the top surface of the terminal adapter 337.

[0250] In this embodiment, the electrical connection part 1223 and the terminal adapter main body 1221 are of an integral structure. In the x direction, the dimensions of the electrical connection part 1223 and the terminal adapter main body 1221 are equal. The electrical connection part 1223 is an inverted L-shaped plate. The vertical plate 1225 of the inverted L-shaped plate is parallel to the xz plane and is fixed on the edge of the top surface of the terminal adapter 337 extending in the x direction, which can prevent the insulating sealant liquid from overflowing from the edge of the top surface of the terminal adapter 337 extending in the x direction. The horizontal plate 1224 is parallel to the xy plane and is used to connect with an external electrical connector. In some cases, the horizontal plate 1224 can also directly serve as an electrical connector.

[0251] The large-capacity battery 330 of this embodiment may further include a pressing plate 19.

[0252] As Figure 26 、 Figure 27 and Figure 28 shown, through the cooperation of the pressing plate 19 and the terminal adapter 337, the parallel connection between the individual batteries 332 can be realized, and at the same time, the heat transfer tube 342 can be reliably pressed in the through groove 123 of the terminal adapter 337.

[0253] As Figure 28 shown, the pressing plate 19 specifically includes a pressing part 191 and a fixing part 192; the bottom of the pressing part 191 is an arc surface, which is used to cooperate with the through groove 123 on the terminal adapter 337 to press the heat transfer tube 342 in the through groove 123; the fixing part 192 is arranged on both sides of the pressing part 191 to fix the pressing plate 19 on the top of the terminal adapter 337.

[0254] As Figure 28 shown, the pressing part 191 in this embodiment is an arc-shaped plate with equal wall thickness, the fixing part 192 is a flat plate, and the arc-shaped plate and the flat plates on both sides are of an integral structure. This kind of structure is easy to manufacture and process, and is also convenient for installation. During specific manufacturing, the pressing plate 19 can be formed by stamping a thin plate or can be formed by extrusion at one time. In addition, the thickness of the pressing plate 19 is generally 0.5 mm to 1 mm, which can reliably install the heat transfer tube 342 while ensuring the installation strength.

[0255] In the fixing part 192 of this embodiment, there is a screw hole 1921 connected to the pole post adapter 337, so that the pressure plate 19 and the polarity terminal are connected by screws. The screw connection method is easier and has a simpler structure compared with other welding, riveting or bonding methods. More preferably, the screw hole 1921 in this embodiment can be set as a long strip. In addition, a notch 1922 extending in the y direction can be opened in the area of the fixing part 192 corresponding to each pole post adapter 337, which can compensate for the dimensional error when multiple single cells 332 are connected in parallel and ensure the reliability of the connection.

[0256] The insulating and sealing glue layer of the high-capacity battery 330 in this embodiment includes a first sub-insulating and sealing glue layer and a second sub-insulating and sealing glue layer; the first sub-insulating and sealing glue layer is an insulating and sealing glue layer with a heat-resistant performance higher than the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas, and is arranged in the gap between the polarity terminal of the single cell 332 and the avoidance hole 338; the heat-resistant performance of the second sub-insulating and sealing glue layer is lower than that of the first sub-insulating and sealing glue, and the second sub-insulating and sealing glue layer is laid on the outer shell top plate 341 and covers the pole post adapter main body 1221 and the heat transfer tube 342.

[0257] In the gap between the polarity terminal of the single cell 332 and the avoidance hole 338 (i.e., the gap between the polarity terminal of the single cell 332 and the sealing connector 18, i.e., Figure 10 the d area shown), the first sub-insulating and sealing glue is injected and cured to form the first sub-insulating and sealing glue layer, where the first sub-insulating and sealing glue is an insulating and sealing glue with a heat-resistant performance higher than the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas. Usually, its heat-resistant performance needs to be higher than 320 °C and can exist stably continuously. Generally, an electronic device potting glue with a heat-resistant performance higher than 320 °C can be selected, such as an epoxy potting glue with a heat-resistant performance higher than 320 °C.

[0258] When the polarity terminal of the single cell 332 is the pole post 336 of the single cell 332, or the polarity terminal of the single cell 332 is the overall structure formed by the cooperation of the pole post 336 of the single cell 332 and the pole post adapter 337, the first sub-insulating and sealing glue layer is located in the gap between the pole post 336 of the single cell 332 and the avoidance hole 338, and the first sub-insulating and sealing glue layer is in direct contact with the pole post 336 of the single cell 332. First, it can play a role in protecting and fixing the pole post 336 of the single cell 332. Under the protection and fixation of this first sub-insulating and sealing glue layer, when a thermal runaway occurs, the pole post 336 of the single cell 332 is not easy to fall off or crack with the upper cover of the single cell 332. Therefore, it can prevent the thermal runaway flue gas from leaking from the gap between the polarity terminal of the single cell 332 and the avoidance hole 338; secondly, the first sub-insulating and sealing glue layer can also play a role in sealing the gap between the polarity terminal of the single cell 332 and the avoidance hole 338, and further improve the sealing performance of the avoidance hole 338 part of the outer shell 331.

[0259] During long-term use, due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the heat transfer tube 342, condensation will occur on the surface. When the condensation accumulates to a certain amount, it will penetrate into the gap between the polar terminal and the avoidance hole 338, resulting in electrical conduction between the polar terminal and the housing 331, and further possibly causing a short circuit in the same single battery 332.

[0260] Since in this embodiment, the first sub-insulating sealant is poured at the gap between the polar terminal and the avoidance hole 338, even if condensation occurs, under the blockage of the first sub-insulating sealant layer, the condensation cannot penetrate into the gap between the pole column 336 and the avoidance hole 338, thereby preventing the occurrence of battery short circuit.

[0261] However, only pouring the first sub-insulating sealant at this part, the heat transfer tube 342 is exposed to the external environment, and condensation will still occur on its surface, causing the large-capacity battery 330 to get damp and triggering certain safety problems. Therefore, to completely solve this problem, in this embodiment, a second sub-insulating sealant layer is also laid on the top plate 341 of the housing; the main body of the heat transfer tube 342 is completely covered, making such large-capacity batteries 330 have higher safety.

[0262] It should be noted that the electrical connection part 1223 of the polar terminals of each single battery 332 (the transverse plate 1224 of the electrical connection part 1223 in this embodiment) needs to protrude from the second sub-insulating sealant layer for connection with electrical connectors; the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the heat transfer tube 342 need to protrude from the second sub-insulating sealant layer for connection with liquid cooling equipment. Among them, the electrical connector can be a connecting device for realizing the series connection of two large-capacity batteries 330; it can also be a connecting device for connecting the large-capacity battery 330 with an external load.

[0263] In addition, the second sub-insulating sealant layer can also play the following two roles:

[0264] 1. Since the second sub-insulating sealant layer completely wraps the main body of the heat transfer tube 342, to a certain extent, it can also play a role in fixing or positioning the heat transfer tube 342, improving the stability of the heat transfer tube 342 on the large-capacity battery 330;

[0265] 2. Since the second sub-insulating sealant layer is laid on the top plate 341 of the housing and covers the main body of the heat transfer tube 342, it can improve the flatness of the top structure of such large-capacity batteries 330.

[0266] In this embodiment, the second sub-insulating sealant is generally the commonly used battery potting adhesive for batteries, such as silicone thermal potting adhesive can be used, as long as it has good functions such as sealing, insulation, vibration resistance, heat dissipation and waterproofing.

[0267] In other embodiments, the second sub-insulating sealant may be the same as the first sub-insulating sealant. A first sub-insulating sealant layer can be formed in the gap between the polar terminal of the single cell 332 and the avoidance hole 338 and on the top plate 341 of the housing through a one-time injection method. However, compared with this embodiment, the amount of the first sub-insulating sealant used is larger. Generally, the cost of the first sub-insulating sealant is higher than that of the second sub-insulating sealant. Therefore, the cost of such large-capacity batteries 330 is higher than that of the large-capacity batteries 330 in this embodiment.

[0268] An insulating protective cover 17 may also be provided on the top of the large-capacity battery 330. In this embodiment, part of the structure of the insulating protective cover 17 is used as an injection mold. After injection, there is no need to demold, and at the same time, the bonding strength between the insulating protective cover 17 and the top of the large-capacity battery 330 can be improved. In addition, if the pole post adapter 337 is directly exposed to the external environment, there are relatively large safety hazards during use due to the electrification of the pole post adapter 337. Therefore, by providing the insulating protective cover 17 on the top of the large-capacity battery 330, insulating protection can also be provided for the pole post adapter 337, avoiding potential safety hazards that may exist when the pole post adapter 337 is exposed during the operation of the large-capacity battery 330, and also avoiding the problem of short circuit of the large-capacity battery 330 caused by some foreign objects in the external environment falling into the position of the pole post adapter 337, thus improving the safety of the large-capacity battery 330.

[0269] To facilitate injection, as Figure 29 and Figure 30 shown, in this embodiment, the insulating protective cover 17 is designed as a split structure, which includes an insulating frame 101 and an insulating cover plate 102 covering the insulating frame 101; the lower end of the insulating frame 101 is used to cooperate with the top of the large-capacity battery 330 and is fixed to the top of the large-capacity battery 330 by means of screw connection or bonding, etc. The insulating cover plate 102 is snap-fitted and installed on the upper end of the insulating frame 101. A notch 1922 is opened at the upper end of the side wall of the insulating frame 101 parallel to the xz plane, and the notch 1922 cooperates with the insulating cover plate 102 to form a slit 103. A channel 343 for the heat transfer tube 342 to extend out is provided on the side wall of the insulating frame 101 parallel to the yz plane.

[0270] In this embodiment, part of the structure of the above-mentioned insulating frame 101 is used as an injection mold to prevent the insulating sealant liquid from overflowing from the top plate 341 of the housing.

[0271] During assembly, generally, the insulating frame 101 can be first fixed on the top of the large-capacity battery 330, and then injection is carried out. Under the blockage of the insulating frame 101, the insulating sealant liquid will not overflow from the top plate 341 of the housing. After the glue layer is cured, the electrical connector is connected to the pole post adapter 337, and then the insulating cover plate 102 is fixed to the upper end of the insulating frame 101.

[0272] As Figure 31 shown, in this embodiment, the insulating housing 101 includes a second insulating frame 104 and an insulating bottom plate 105 fixed to the second insulating frame 104 away from the insulating cover plate 102. An avoidance hole 338 for the electrical connection post 1222 corresponding to each pole post adapter 337 is formed on the insulating bottom plate 105. The size of the avoidance hole 338 for the electrical connection post 1222 should be such that the electrical connection post 1222 on the pole post adapter 337 can pass through, while the main body 1221 of the pole post adapter cannot pass through. In addition, a first sub-insulating sealant can be injected into the gap between the polarity terminal of the single cell 332 and the avoidance hole 338 through the avoidance hole 338 for the electrical connection post 1222.

[0273] For the rectangular block-shaped pole post adapter 337, partitions 107 can also be provided around the avoidance holes 338 for the electrical connection posts 1222 to form accommodation cavities for the pole post adapters 337. After fixing the insulating housing 101 on the top of the large-capacity battery 330, the electrical connection posts 1222 of each pole post adapter 337 pass through the avoidance holes 338 for the electrical connection posts 1222 and the avoidance holes 338 on the outer shell top plate 341 to be connected to the pole posts 336 of each single cell 332. There is a fourth gap between the side wall of the accommodation cavity for the pole post adapter 337 parallel to the xz plane and the side surface of the pole post adapter 337 parallel to the xz plane. Figure 32 In the area e shown in the figure, glue is injected into the glue injection space through the fourth gap. To further facilitate glue injection, a corresponding glue injection groove 109 can also be formed at the position of the pole post adapter 337 corresponding to the fourth gap.

[0274] It should be noted that when the outer shell top plate 341 is provided with a gas sharing chamber 334, it can be as Figure 31 shown. A second chamber 110 is provided on the insulating bottom plate 105 as the accommodation cavity for the gas sharing chamber 334, that is, the gas sharing chamber 334 is located in the second chamber 110.

[0275] As Figure 33 and Figure 34 shown, the explosion relief tube assembly 335 of the large-capacity battery 330 in this embodiment includes a first explosion relief member 310 and a second explosion relief member 320. Among them, the first explosion relief member 310 includes a first hollow pipe fitting 3110, and an explosion relief film is provided inside it for connecting to the outer shell 331. In order to fix it at the first through hole 1148 of the outer shell 331, in this embodiment, an annular plate is provided on the outer wall of one end of the first hollow pipe fitting 3110, and the annular plate is hermetically connected to the periphery of the first through hole 1148 by friction welding. The second explosion relief member 320 is a tee pipe, its first interface 321 is hermetically connected to the first explosion relief member 310, and the second interface 322 and the third interface 323 are respectively used for connecting to the flexible pipe section 4 constituting the explosion relief manifold 32 (see Figure 35)。Among them, the first interface 321 is the joint of the vertical pipe of the three-way pipe ( Figure 34 the pipe section parallel to the x direction), and the second interface 322 and the third interface 323 are respectively the two end joints of the horizontal pipe of the three-way pipe ( Figure 34 the pipe section parallel to the y direction).

[0276] The first interface 321 and the first explosion venting member 310 can be connected by means of threaded connection, welding or interference fit. In this embodiment, a union three-way pipe is selected, that is, a union nut is connected to one end of the vertical pipe of the three-way pipe as a union joint; an external thread is provided on the outer wall of the end where the first explosion venting member 310 is connected to the second explosion venting member 320; the union joint of the second explosion venting member 320 is threadedly connected to the external thread on the outer wall of the first explosion venting member 310. The union joint can be conveniently directly connected to the first explosion venting member 310, and a sealing gasket is provided at the free end of the first explosion venting member 310 to ensure the sealing performance of the connection part.

[0277] During assembly, each three-way pipe is fixed on the corresponding first explosion venting member 310 to form a large-capacity battery 330 with an explosion venting pipe assembly 335. Then, a plurality of large-capacity batteries 330 are arranged in a set direction. Finally, adjacent two three-way pipes are connected by using a flexible pipe section 4, as Figure 35 and Figure 36 shown ( Figure 36 only schematically shows the outermost two large-capacity batteries 330).

[0278] Since this embodiment adopts a spliced explosion venting manifold 32 and the middle connecting pipe 163 section is a flexible pipe section 4, based on the deformation of the flexible pipe section 4, the installation error of the explosion venting pipe assembly 335 and the spacing deviation of the large-capacity batteries 330 can be compensated, and the installation difficulty of the explosion venting manifold 32 can be reduced.

[0279] It should be noted that, in order to further improve safety, the explosion venting manifold 32 and the large-capacity battery 330 should be insulated. For example, a flexible pipe section 4 and / or a three-way pipe made of an insulating and high-temperature-resistant (the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas) material can be used, and an insulating pipe section can also be added between the first explosion venting pipe and the three-way pipe.

[0280] In this embodiment, a second hollow pipe fitting 3120 is added between the first explosion venting pipe and the three-way pipe, as Figure 37 shown. Among them, the second hollow pipe fitting 3120 is a high-temperature-resistant insulating pipe, and at least part of its structure should be made of an insulating material, which mainly plays an insulating role to insulate the explosion venting manifold 32 from each large-capacity battery 330. Based on the second hollow pipe fitting 3120, insulation between the explosion venting manifold 32 and the large-capacity battery 330 can be achieved at the large-capacity battery 330 end.

[0281] It should be noted that at least part of its structure should be made of insulating material, mainly including the following two structures:

[0282] 1. The overall structure of the second hollow pipe fitting 3120 is made of insulating material;

[0283] 2. The main structure of the second hollow pipe fitting 3120 can be a metal pipe, and a film layer made of insulating material is coated on its entire surface.

[0284] After thermal runaway occurs, the battery temperature rises sharply and can reach above 500 °C. If the selected insulating material cannot exist stably at this temperature, the following problems will occur:

[0285] a. When the overall structure of the second hollow pipe fitting 3120 is made of such insulating material, the sealing performance of the connection parts between the second hollow pipe fitting 3120 and the first hollow pipe fitting 3110 and the tee pipe cannot be guaranteed, resulting in the leakage of thermal runaway flue gas. More seriously, if the second hollow pipe fitting 3120 becomes molten due to high temperature, it will block the explosion vent or the explosion vent manifold pipe 32, triggering more serious safety accidents.

[0286] b. When a film layer made of insulating material is coated on the entire surface of the second hollow pipe fitting 3120, when the film layer melts or deforms, it will also cause the thermal runaway flue gas to leak from the connection parts between the second hollow pipe fitting 3120 and the first hollow pipe fitting 3110 and the tee pipe, and at the same time, it will also damage the insulation performance of the second hollow pipe fitting 3120.

[0287] Based on the above problems, the insulating material selected in this embodiment should also have certain high-temperature resistance performance to ensure that its performance does not change and it can exist stably when thermal runaway occurs.

[0288] Common high-temperature resistant insulating materials are ceramic materials. In this embodiment, a ceramic pipe fitting is directly selected as the second hollow pipe fitting 3120, and the cost and processing are relatively simple. For example, ceramic materials such as cubic boron nitride, hexagonal boron nitride, alumina, and silicon carbide can be selected.

[0289] In other embodiments, a high-temperature resistant insulating coating can also be sprayed on the surface of the metal pipe fitting to form the second hollow pipe fitting 3120. The high-temperature resistant insulating coating can be an inorganic binder coating based on phosphate, a plasma sprayed Al2O3 coating, etc. However, compared with this embodiment, the cost and processing are relatively complex.

[0290] The structure of the bracket assembly 339 of the large-capacity battery assembly 30 in this embodiment is as Figure 38 shown. It can be seen from the figure that in this embodiment, two mutually parallel support ribs 2110 are used as the support member 21; an L-shaped plate is used as the L-shaped bracket 220.

[0291] In some other embodiments, the number of the support ribs 2110 can be adjusted according to actual requirements.

[0292] The first plates of the two L-shaped plates (the plates parallel to the yz plane) serve as the first brackets 221 and are respectively connected to the ends on the same side of the two support ribs 2110. The second plates of the two L-shaped plates (the plates parallel to the xy plane) serve as the second brackets 222 and are respectively used for fixing to the frames opposite to the battery cluster support frame. The first plate and the second plate can be an integral part or a split part.

[0293] In order to cooperate with the bracket assembly 339, in this embodiment, a channel 343 is opened in the boss 1132 of the cylinder assembly 113 along the x direction (see Figure 12 ).

[0294] Insert the support rib 2110 with a length greater than the outer shell 331 and a cross-section adapted to the cross-section of the channel 343 into the channel 343, and ensure that both ends of the support rib 2110 extend out of both ends of the channel 343 (for reference, see Figure 8 ).

[0295] The support rib 2110 can be of a solid structure or a hollow structure, and its cross-section is preferably adapted to the channel 343. For example, it can be a rectangular cross-section, a trapezoidal cross-section, or other polygonal cross-sections, which will not be listed one by one here.

[0296] As Figure 39 shown, in this embodiment, the support rib 2110 with a relatively simple rectangular cross-section is selected. Then, the cross-section of the corresponding channel 343 is also preferably rectangular. Using the support rib 2110 with a rectangular cross-section to support the large-capacity battery 330 has better support stability. In addition, as can be seen from Figure 39 , the support rib 2110 in this embodiment is of a hollow structure to facilitate connection with the L-shaped plate.

[0297] In order to ensure the support strength of the support rib 2110, in this embodiment, a metal material is selected as the material of the support rib 2110, and at the same time, a thermoplastic tube can be sleeved on the support rib 2110 to insulate between the support rib 2110 and the large-capacity battery 330.

[0298] In some other embodiments, an insulating material can be directly selected to prepare the support rib 2110, but compared with this embodiment, its support strength is difficult to guarantee.

[0299] Since in the assembly process of this embodiment, the support rib 2110 needs to be inserted into the channel 343 first, and then the L-shaped plates are fixed to both ends of the support rib 2110 extending out of the channel 343. Therefore, in this embodiment, the support rib 2110 and the L-shaped plate are split parts.

[0300] Combined with Figure 40It can be seen that in this embodiment, a connecting rod 224 extending in the x direction is provided on the first plate (the first bracket 221) of the L-shaped plate for connecting with the support rib 2110. Corresponding positioning holes 226 are provided on the support rib 2110 and the connecting rod 224.

[0301] During specific assembly, the support rib 2110 is inserted into the channel 343, and then the connecting rod 224 is inserted into the support rib 2110. The two are fixed by inserting screws or pins through the positioning holes 226.

[0302] In some other embodiments, the connecting rod 224 can be connected to the support rib 2110 by welding. However, in order to increase the energy density, there is a small distance between the first plate and the high-capacity battery 330, resulting in a small operating space and great welding difficulty.

[0303] In some other embodiments, the support rib 2110 and the L-shaped plate can be an integral part, and the high-capacity battery 330 can be directly placed on the support rib 2110 for support. Correspondingly, in order to improve the support stability, the number of support ribs 2110 can be increased.

[0304] From Figure 40 It can also be seen that in this embodiment, a hollowed-out portion is provided on the first plate, and the parts on both sides of the hollowed-out portion are respectively connected to the two support ribs 2110. By setting the hollowed-out portion, on the one hand, the weight of the L-shaped plate is reduced, thereby reducing its impact on the normal use of the battery cluster support frame. On the other hand, the hollowed-out portion can provide an extension for some functional structures on the high-capacity battery 330. For example, it can provide an extension for the explosion vent pipe assembly 335 on the high-capacity battery 330.

[0305] In this embodiment, a long hole is provided on the second plate (the second bracket 222) of the L-shaped plate; the L-shaped plate is fixed to the battery cluster support frame by inserting screws into the long hole. The setting of the long hole can compensate for the dimensional error of the high-capacity battery assembly 30 in the x direction and ensure the reliability of the connection.

[0306] In some other embodiments, as Figure 41 shown, the L-shaped bracket 220 is two L-shaped support rods 223; that is, two L-shaped support rods 223 form an L-shaped bracket 220;

[0307] The first brackets 221 of the two L-shaped support rods 223 are respectively fixed to both ends of the same support rib 2110 in a detachable manner, and the first brackets 221 of the other two L-shaped support rods 223 are respectively fixed to both ends of another support rib 2110 in a detachable manner.

[0308] In some other embodiments, as Figure 42 and Figure 43As shown, the support member 21 is a support plate 212 adapted to the shape of the bottom of the large-capacity battery 330 to support the large-capacity battery 330. In order to reduce the weight of the support plate 212, weight-reducing holes can be opened in the support plate 212. However, it should be noted that the opening of the weight-reducing holes is based on the premise of not affecting the support strength. There are two L-shaped brackets 220, both of which are L-shaped plates; the first bracket 221 of one L-shaped plate is connected to one end of the support plate 212, and the first bracket 221 of the other L-shaped plate is connected to the other end of the support plate 212. Different from the structure of the large-capacity battery 330 in this embodiment, there is no need to open a channel 343 on the boss 1132 of the cylinder assembly 113.

[0309] As Figure 44 shown, it is a schematic structural diagram of the battery pack assembly 3 in this embodiment. The explosion vent pipe assemblies 335 of the 13 large-capacity batteries 330 are all connected to the explosion vent manifold 32; the explosion vent manifold 32 is embedded in the inner space between the upper flange and the lower flange of the first beam 312.

[0310] The battery pack assembly in this embodiment can be assembled through the following process:

[0311] First, fix the corresponding large-capacity battery 330 bracket assemblies 339 on each large-capacity battery 330, and connect the explosion vent pipe assemblies 335 of all large-capacity batteries 330 by using the explosion vent manifold 32.

[0312] Second, as Figure 45 shown, preliminarily fix the first beam 312 with connecting columns 313 at both ends to the L-shaped brackets 220 (the left L-shaped brackets 220 in the figure, that is, the L-shaped brackets 220 close to the first beam 312) of all large-capacity battery 330 bracket assemblies 339 (fixing can be carried out by using screws), and ensure that the explosion vent manifold 32 is embedded in the inner space between the upper flange and the lower flange of the first beam 312.

[0313] Third, move the U-shaped frame 311 along Figure 45 the direction indicated by the arrow c in the figure until the connecting column 313 is inserted into the third beam 3112, and the L-shaped brackets 220 (the right L-shaped brackets 220 in the figure, that is, the L-shaped brackets 220 close to the second beam 3111) of all large-capacity battery 330 bracket assemblies 339 are located on the upper flange of the second beam 3111, indicating that the movement is in place;

[0314] Fourth, fix the connecting column 313 and the third beam 3112 with screws, fix the right L-shaped bracket 220 to the second beam 3111 with screws, and further fix the left L-shaped bracket 220 to the first beam 312 with screws.

[0315] Embodiment 2

[0316] This embodiment is an energy storage box 1, and the specific structure can be referred toFigures 46 to 50 ;

[0317] Combined with Figure 1 、 Figure 46 and Figure 47 , it can be seen that the energy storage box body 1 of this embodiment is a rectangular box body, and hatch doors are provided on the four side walls of the rectangular box body to facilitate the assembly or maintenance of the battery pack assembly 3 and the fire safety system 2.

[0318] The energy storage box body 1 of this embodiment includes two functional compartments, which can be respectively defined as an equipment compartment 11 and a battery compartment 12. A support frame 13 is provided in the battery compartment 12; some devices of the fire safety system 2 and the temperature control system 8 are placed in the equipment compartment 11, and the battery pack assembly 3 is placed on the support frame 13 in the battery compartment 12.

[0319] As Figure 48 shown, it is a schematic structural diagram of the support frame 13 of this embodiment; it is mainly composed of three parallel installation brackets. For the convenience of description, the three installation brackets can be defined as side installation brackets 131 and middle installation brackets 132 according to their mutual positions, and the structures of the two side installation brackets 131 are the same. Figure 49 and Figure 50 are respectively schematic structural diagrams of the side installation bracket 131 and the middle installation bracket 132 of this embodiment. Combined with Figure 48 , it can be seen that both side installation brackets 131 of this embodiment include three first support beams 133 and eight second support beams 134; each first support beam 133 extends along the z direction, and the three first support beams 133 are arranged at equal intervals along the y direction; each second support beam 134 extends along the y direction, and the eight second support beams 134 are arranged at equal intervals along the z direction and are fixed on the first support beam 133. The middle installation bracket 132 of this embodiment includes three first support beams 133 and sixteen second support beams 134; each first support beam 133 extends along the z direction, and the three first support beams 133 are arranged at equal intervals along the y direction; each second support beam 134 extends along the y direction, and the sixteen second support beams 134 are evenly divided into two groups, with eight second support beams 134 in each group arranged at equal intervals along the z direction and fixed on the opposite side walls of the first support beam 133. Between the two second support beams 134 of the two installation brackets located in the same xy plane, two battery pack assembly 3 installation positions are formed along the y direction.

[0320] Among them, the length of the first support beam 133 (i.e., in Figure 48 , the dimension of the first support beam 133 along the z direction) is related to the height of each battery pack assembly 3 (i.e., in the figure, the dimension of each battery pack assembly 3 along the z direction) and the number of stacked layers; the length of the second support beam 134 (i.e., in Figure 48 , the dimension of the second support beam 134 along the y direction) is related to the width of each battery pack assembly 3 (i.e., inFigure 48 is related to the dimension of each battery pack component 3 in the y direction and the number of battery pack components 3 in each layer (i.e., the installation positions of the battery pack components 3).

[0321] The number of the first support beams 133 is related to the number of battery pack components 3 placed in each layer between two installation brackets. In each layer, two adjacent first support beams 133 correspond to one battery pack component 3; the number of the second support beams 134 is equal to the number of stacked layers of the battery pack components 3. In other embodiments, the numbers of the first support beams 133 and the second support beams 134 can be adjusted according to actual requirements. For example, by increasing the number of the first support beams 133 and simultaneously increasing the length of the second support beams 134, the number of battery pack components 3 placed in each layer can be increased; by increasing the number of the second support beams 134 and simultaneously increasing the length of the first support beams 133, the number of stacked layers of the battery pack components 3 can be increased.

[0322] From Figure 49 and Figure 50 it can be seen that in this embodiment, the first support beam 133 is a square steel, and the second support beam 134 is an angle steel. The vertical plate of the angle steel is fixed on the first support beam 133, and the horizontal plate of the angle steel is used to support the battery pack component 3. The vertical plate of the angle steel can be fixed to the square steel by welding. In addition, in order to improve the bonding strength between the two, a support rib plate 135 can also be fixed between the horizontal plate of the angle steel and the first support beam 133 in this embodiment.

[0323] Embodiment 3

[0324] This embodiment is a semi-finished product of an energy storage device, that is, a product in which the battery pack components 3 in Embodiment 1 are fixed in the energy storage box body 1 in Embodiment 2, and its structure is as Figure 51 shown.

[0325] In this embodiment, two battery pack components 3 are fixed on two second support beams 134 where two installation brackets are located in the same xy plane, and the two battery pack components 3 are arranged in the y direction, as Figure 51 shown, Figure 51 One battery pack component 3 is schematically shown on two second support beams 134 where two installation brackets are located in the same xy plane.

[0326] According to the arrangement method of this embodiment, 4 battery pack components 3 can be arranged in each layer, and a total of 8 layers can be arranged. Therefore, the energy storage device in this embodiment can include a total of 32 battery pack components 3. Every 8 battery pack components 3 stacked in the z direction can be defined as a battery cluster, and 4 groups of battery clusters can be arranged in the energy storage box body 1 in this embodiment.

[0327] In this embodiment, the rollers 314 of the battery pack support frame 31 are placed on the second support beam 134, and the battery pack assembly 3 is pushed and conveyed into the installation position of the battery pack assembly 3 by means of sliding installation, and positioning is achieved through the limiting device provided on the installation bracket.

[0328] As Figure 51 shown, in this embodiment, two adjacent battery pack assemblies 3 stacked one above the other in the z direction can be defined as a battery pack assembly unit 5; as Figure 52 and 53 shown, in each battery pack assembly unit 5, the battery pack support frames 31 of the two battery pack assemblies 3 are plugged together through the vertical support assembly 6, and the polarities of the two battery pack assemblies 3 on the same side are opposite.

[0329] In this embodiment, as Figure 53 shown, the vertical support assembly 6 includes a plurality of first docking pipes 61 vertically fixed to the bottom surface of the upper-layer battery pack support frame 31, and a plurality of second docking pipes 62 vertically fixed to the top surface of the lower-layer battery pack support frame 31; the plurality of first docking pipes 61 and the plurality of second docking pipes 62 correspond one by one and are plugged into each other; the inner diameter of the first docking pipe 61 can be greater than the outer diameter of the second docking pipe 62, or the outer diameter of the first docking pipe 61 is less than the inner diameter of the second docking pipe 62, and the gap after the first docking pipe 61 and the second docking pipe 62 are plugged can also correct the installation error when the upper and lower layers of battery pack assemblies are connected in series through the electrical connection row.

[0330] When using this battery pack assembly unit, the upper and lower battery pack assemblies in the battery pack assembly unit can be electrically connected on one side through the electrical connection row 7 first, and then the whole can be installed in the energy storage box body, which can save the operation space on one side for connecting the battery pack assemblies in series in the box body, and then can improve the energy density of the energy storage device. The plugging of the first docking pipe and the second docking pipe can also increase the connection strength and stability of the overall battery pack support frame.

[0331] Refer to Figure 54 , the semi-finished energy storage device of this embodiment includes 4 such battery pack assembly units 5 in each battery cluster; the 4 battery pack assembly units 5 are arranged from bottom to top; the two battery pack assemblies 3 of the same battery pack assembly unit 5 are electrically connected on the first side through the electrical connection row 7 (in Figure 54 , the 1st and 2nd battery pack assemblies 3 are Figure 54 the two lowest battery pack assemblies in Figure 54 ), the 3rd and 4th battery pack assemblies 3, the 5th and 6th battery pack assemblies 3, and the 7th and 8th battery pack assemblies 3 are electrically connected by aluminum bars on the left side as shown in Figure 54the two battery pack components at the uppermost layer), adjacent battery pack component units 5 are electrically connected on the second side through electrical connection rows 7 (the two battery pack components 3 of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th battery pack component units 5 are Figure 54 electrically connected through aluminum rows on the right side shown, where the 1st battery pack component unit 5 is Figure 54 the battery pack component unit 5 at the lowermost layer in

[0332] Embodiment 4

[0333] This embodiment is the fire safety system 2, and the specific structure can be referred to Figure 1 and Figure 55 ;

[0334] The fire safety system 2 includes a primary fire protection unit 020, and its structure is as Figure 56 shown. The primary fire protection unit 020 includes a flue gas confluence pipe and a flue gas treatment unit 22. The flue gas confluence pipe is used to convey the thermal runaway generated by the large-capacity battery 330 to the flue gas treatment unit 22; the flue gas treatment unit 22 is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by each large-capacity battery 330. The structures of the flue gas confluence pipe and the flue gas treatment unit 22 will be described in detail below.

[0335] As Figure 1 shown, in order to prevent the thermal runaway flue gas of the single cells 332 in individual battery pack components 3 from diffusing to the entire energy storage device and causing safety problems, the thermal runaway flue gas of all battery pack components 3 is converged by the flue gas confluence pipe. After the single cell 332 in any battery pack component 3 has a thermal runaway, its thermal runaway flue gas can be discharged through the flue gas confluence pipe to reduce the spread of thermal runaway.

[0336] The flue gas confluence pipe in this embodiment includes a primary confluence pipe 211 and a secondary confluence pipe 2120; combining Figure 1 and Figure 56 it can be seen that this embodiment includes four primary confluence pipes 211, and each primary confluence pipe 211 is respectively connected to the outlet end of the explosion vent confluence pipe 32 of each battery pack component 3 in each battery cluster; the secondary confluence pipe 2120 is connected to each primary confluence pipe 211 to centrally convey the thermal runaway flue gas in each primary confluence pipe 211 to the flue gas treatment unit 22.

[0337] The above flue gas confluence pipe converges the thermal runaway flue gas generated by each battery cluster and centrally leads it to the subsequent flue gas treatment unit 22 for treatment. However, in the above large-capacity batteries 330, there is a certain amount of free electrolyte in the shared chamber. When the large-capacity battery 330 has a thermal runaway, after being ejected together with the thermal runaway flue gas, it has a certain potential safety hazard. Based on this, combining Figure 58, in this embodiment, the flue gas treatment unit 22 includes a liquid treatment device 230. The inlet of the liquid treatment device 230 is connected to the outlet of the secondary manifold 2120, and is mainly used to fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas of the large-capacity battery 330, so as to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to generate combustible gases, thereby reducing the content of combustibles (electrolyte and combustible gases) in the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0338] The liquid treatment device 230 in this embodiment includes M liquid treatment tanks 2301, and the liquid treatment tanks 2301 are filled with a liquid treatment medium. The number of the liquid treatment tanks 2301 can be set according to the number and requirements of the large-capacity batteries 330 in the energy storage device. If there are multiple liquid treatment tanks 2301, the multiple liquid treatment tanks 2301 can be connected in series through a connecting pipeline 2302. The shape of the liquid treatment tank 2301 is not limited and can be a rectangular tank body, a circular tank body, an elliptical tank body, etc. Preferably, a circular tank body is used, and the circular tank body has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0339] All of the above M liquid treatment tanks 2301 can be filled with a liquid treatment medium. Specifically, when filling, the liquid treatment medium is filled to about 2 / 3 of the inner cavity of the liquid treatment tank 2301, so as to avoid the liquid treatment medium in the previous liquid treatment tank 2301 being squeezed into the next liquid treatment tank 2301, resulting in poor treatment effect.

[0340] In actual use, the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas at the initial explosion of the large-capacity battery 330 is too high, and the liquid treatment medium in the last liquid treatment tank 2301 may be squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank 2301 by the thermal runaway flue gas. Based on this, the last liquid treatment tank 2301 can be set as an empty tank. For example, the liquid treatment device 230 includes 9 liquid treatment tanks 2301. Among them, the first to the eighth liquid treatment tanks 2301 are filled with a liquid treatment medium, and the ninth liquid treatment tank 2301 is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the large-capacity battery 330 is too high, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium squeezed out by the high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas, avoid the liquid treatment medium being squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank 2301, and improve the safety of the liquid treatment device 230 during use.

[0341] Such as Figure 58As shown in the figure, a flue gas inlet 2303, a flue gas outlet 2304, and a liquid treatment medium filling port 2305 are provided on the liquid treatment tank 2301. The flue gas inlet 2303 is used to input the thermal runaway flue gas into the liquid treatment tank 2301. The flue gas outlet 2304 is used to discharge the treated thermal runaway flue gas. The liquid treatment medium filling port 2305 is used to fill the liquid treatment medium. When specifically setting the flue gas inlet 2303, it can be set at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301 or at the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 2301. For the convenience of connecting each liquid treatment tank 2301, it is preferred to set both the flue gas inlet 2303 and the flue gas outlet 2304 at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301. At this time, each liquid treatment tank 2301 only needs to be connected at the top, which improves the connectability of the entire thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and the compactness of the pipeline layout. In addition, the above-mentioned connecting pipeline 2302 can adopt a metal bellows. After using the metal corrugated connection, each liquid treatment tank 2301 can be arranged according to the requirements of the installation space, meeting various installation requirements and saving installation space.

[0342] As Figure 59 shown in the figure, after setting the flue gas inlet 2303 at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301, in order to make the thermal runaway flue gas fully contact with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, a diversion pipe 2306 is connected to the flue gas inlet 2303, and at least part of the diversion pipe 2306 can be immersed in the liquid treatment medium. Preferably, the diversion pipe 2306 preferably extends to the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 2301 and can be completely immersed in the liquid treatment medium. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the liquid treatment tank 2301, it fully contacts with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, and the liquid treatment medium conducts a relatively sufficient treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas, improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium.

[0343] A diversion part 2307 is provided at one end of the above-mentioned diversion pipe 2306 immersed in the liquid treatment medium. The diversion part 2307 disperses and diverts the thermal runaway flue gas and then reacts with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, so that the thermal runaway flue gas enters with a large flow rate and exits with a small flow rate, which is beneficial to the dispersion of the thermal runaway flue gas, making the thermal runaway flue gas fully contact and react with the liquid treatment medium, and improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium. The diversion part 2307 in this embodiment can be a copper foam column. The copper foam column is convenient to install and has a good effect of dispersing and diverting. When specifically installing, it is fixed to the port of the diversion pipe 2306 immersed in the liquid treatment medium. Copper foam is a structure with a large number of three-dimensional porous structures in the copper matrix, which has a dispersing and buffering effect on fluids. When in use, it is processed into a columnar structure. The thermal runaway flue gas passing through the diversion pipe 2306 flows out from the copper foam column and then flows out through the side wall or bottom of the copper foam column to achieve the dispersing and buffering effect on the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the diverted thermal runaway flue gas fully contacts the liquid treatment medium.

[0344] To further enable the thermal runaway flue gas to fully react with the liquid treatment medium, a spiral baffle 2308 is provided on the above-mentioned diversion pipe 2306. Alternatively, a plurality of baffle plates are provided on the diversion pipe 2306. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the liquid treatment tank 2301, the spiral baffle 2308 or the plurality of baffle plates increase the travel of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can contact the liquid treatment medium more fully. The thermal runaway flue gas enters from the flue gas inlet 2303 of the liquid treatment tank 2301, then enters the bottom of the liquid treatment medium through the diversion pipe 2306, and then is dispersed by the copper foam column. Then, during the process of rising from the bottom, the spiral baffle 2308 or the plurality of baffle plates will enable the thermal runaway flue gas to fully contact the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, so as to perform corresponding treatment. When specifically connected, the spiral baffle 2308 can be fixed on the diversion pipe 2306. The baffle plate is a semi-circular baffle plate, and a plurality of baffle plates are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, and are respectively fixed on the diversion pipe 2306, and adjacent baffle plates are installed in a staggered manner.

[0345] After the above-mentioned liquid treatment tank is pressure-tested and leak-tested, the liquid treatment medium is filled. The liquid treatment medium is mainly used to fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to generate combustible gases, thereby reducing the content of combustibles (electrolyte and combustible gases) in the thermal runaway flue gas. The liquid treatment medium can specifically adopt the following substances:

[0346] First, the liquid treatment medium can be an organic solvent. According to the principle of similar solubility, the organic solvent can fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas, and at the same time can prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose. The organic solvent is specifically an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent or an aldehyde solvent. The ester solvent can specifically be a diethyl phthalate solvent, a methyl salicylate solvent, an ethyl acetate solvent or a butyl acetate solvent, etc. The alcohol solvent can specifically be a benzyl alcohol solvent, an isoamyl alcohol solvent, an isobutyl alcohol solvent, an isopropyl alcohol solvent, an isooctyl alcohol solvent, a n-propyl alcohol solvent or a cyclohexanol solvent, etc. The aldehyde solvent is a benzaldehyde solvent, heptaldehyde, phenyl propionaldehyde or methyl nonyl acetaldehyde, etc.

[0347] Second, the liquid treatment medium is an alkali solution. The alkali solution can specifically be an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, an aqueous barium hydroxide solution, etc. The alkali solution can react with the carbonate substances in the electrolyte to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to generate harmful gases, and perform certain treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas at the source. At the same time, the alkali solution can cool the thermal runaway flue gas and fully dissolve the electrolyte vapor in the thermal runaway flue gas in the alkali solution. In addition, the alkali solution has a good treatment effect on acidic substances such as CO2, POF3 and HF, and can effectively treat the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0348] Among the above two liquid treatment media, the alkaline solution not only treats the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose, but also treats some gases. The amount of gas in the thermal runaway flue gas treated by this concentration of alkaline solution is greatly reduced. Therefore, compared with organic solvents, the alkaline solution has a better treatment effect.

[0349] For the alkaline solution, generally, the higher the concentration, the better the treatment effect on the thermal runaway flue gas. However, the inventor found that the low-concentration alkaline solution has a better treatment effect than the high-concentration alkaline solution. Especially for the alkaline solution with a concentration of 0.05 - 0.5 mol / L, when the thermal runaway flue gas passes through this concentration of alkaline solution, the amount of collected gas is the smallest, and its treatment effect is better than that of the alkaline solution with a concentration above 0.5 mol / L. Therefore, when using the alkaline solution to treat the thermal runaway flue gas, overcoming the bias of the prior art, using a low-concentration alkaline solution to treat the thermal runaway flue gas enables the alkaline solution to effectively treat the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0350] Taking the alkaline solution as NaOH solution as an example, a large number of battery thermal runaway tests were carried out. After horizontally comparing the treatment effects of water and NaOH solutions with different concentrations on the thermal runaway flue gas, it was found that the volume of the gas collected after the thermal runaway flue gas was treated with the NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05 - 0.5 mol / L was the smallest. The treatment effect was significant after being treated with the NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.1 - 0.2 mol / L, and the treatment effect was the best after being treated with the NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.1 mol / L.

[0351] When the thermal runaway flue gas is transported into the NaOH solution, the NaOH solution reacts with acidic substances such as the electrolyte, CO2, POF3, and HF in the thermal runaway flue gas respectively. For example, the ester in the electrolyte reacts with the NaOH solution: CHOOCR + NaOH = RCOONa + CHOH; CO2 reacts with the NaOH solution: 2NaOH + CO2 = Na2CO3 + H2O; subsequent CO2 will also react: Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O = 2NaHCO3; POF3 reacts with the NaOH solution: POF3 + 2NaOH = NaPF2O2 + NaF + H2O; HF reacts with the NaOH solution: NaOH + HF = NaF + H2O. After the above reactions, the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas is greatly reduced.

[0352] Table 1 Unprocessed out-of-control data of fully charged 32650 batteries

[0353]

[0354] Table 2 Treatment results of NaOH solutions with different concentrations

[0355]

[0356]

[0357]

[0358] According to the above test data, it is found that when the thermal runaway flue gas of a fully charged 32650 battery is not treated at all after thermal runaway, the volume of the collected gas is 4L. When the thermal runaway flue gas of a fully charged 32650 battery passes through a NaOH solution with a concentration above 0.5 mol / L after thermal runaway, the generally collected gas is more than 2L, and the treatment effect is not ideal. When the thermal runaway flue gas of a fully charged 32650 battery passes through a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05 - 0.5 mol / L after thermal runaway, the gas volume is smaller, all below 2L. After treatment with a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.1 - 0.2 mol / L, the effect is significant. After treatment with a 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution, the collected gas volume is the smallest, only about 1L, and the effect is the best. Therefore, a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05 - 0.5 mol / L has a good treatment effect on the thermal runaway flue gas after battery thermal runaway.

[0359] As Figure 60 shown, the flue gas treatment unit of this embodiment may further include a solid treatment device. From the above test results, it can be seen that an alkali solution with a certain concentration can effectively treat the thermal runaway flue gas, greatly reducing the volume of the treated thermal runaway flue gas. On this basis, a solid treatment device can be used to treat the remaining gas, so that the treated thermal runaway flue gas does not burn at all.

[0360] As Figure 60 can be seen, the solid treatment device is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device and is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device. The solid treatment device includes at least one solid treatment tank 231. The number of solid treatment tanks 231 can be set according to the number and requirements of large-capacity batteries in the energy storage device. If there are multiple solid treatment tanks, the multiple solid treatment tanks can be connected in series. At this time, the flue gas inlet of the first solid treatment tank is connected to the flue gas outlet of the last liquid treatment tank in the liquid treatment device. The specific structure of the solid treatment tank is similar to that of the liquid treatment tank, and its interior is filled with a solid adsorption medium for treating the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment tank.

[0361] The solid adsorption medium in the above-mentioned solid treatment tank can specifically be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate, porous glass, etc., which is used to treat the residual gas after the liquid treatment tank. For example, it adsorbs excess H2, CO, methane, ethylene, etc. Preferably, the above-mentioned solid adsorption medium is activated carbon with relatively low cost and relatively excellent treatment effect. Generally, activated carbon with a higher iodine value or modified activated carbon is selected. This type of activated carbon is easy to adsorb small molecular weight gases in the thermal runaway flue gas. For example, it is easy to react with hydrogen, methane, etc.

[0362] Table 3 Adsorption test after the combination of NaOH solution and activated carbon

[0363]

[0364]

[0365] Through the test data, it is found that the effect of treating the thermal runaway flue gas of the empty battery thermal runaway with NaOH solution and activated carbon (activated carbon in No. 1 gas mask P-B-3) is very good. After many tests, it is found that the thermal runaway flue gas after the runaway of a fully charged 32650 battery first passes through 1500 mL of 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution for treatment, and then passes through 270 g of activated carbon for adsorption. The volume of the collected gas is between 0.3 and 0.5 L, and the collected gas is non-flammable.

[0366] The flue gas treatment system in this embodiment introduces the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of a large-capacity battery into the liquid treatment tank for treatment. The liquid treatment tank specifically treats the electrolyte and part of the gas carried in the battery thermal runaway flue gas, preventing the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and react to generate gas, thereby reducing the gas production of the battery thermal runaway. Subsequently, the subsequent solid treatment tank can complete the treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas with less solid adsorption medium. At the same time, the treated gas is non-flammable, improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0367] In some embodiments, the flue gas treatment unit may also only include a solid treatment device. The thermal runaway flue gas generated by the large-capacity battery is directly transported to the solid treatment device through the flue gas manifold for treatment.

[0368] Combined Figure 1 and Figure 60 , the flue gas treatment unit of this embodiment may further include an ignition device 2210. As Figure 60As shown, the ignition device 2210 is provided at the rear end of the liquid processing device or the solid processing device, and performs a controllable ignition process on the thermally runaway flue gas processed by the liquid processing device or the solid processing device. The above-mentioned ignition device 2210 can adopt the structures disclosed in Chinese patents CN220324645U, CN219453979U, CN218523576U, CN218498146U, CN218414927U, etc.

[0369] In some embodiments, the flue gas treatment unit may also only include an ignition device. The thermally runaway flue gas generated by the large-capacity battery is directly transported to the ignition device through the flue gas manifold, and the ignition device directly performs a separate ignition process on all the thermally runaway flue gas.

[0370] As Figure 60 shown, the above-mentioned ignition device 2210 includes a flue gas pipeline 2321 and at least one set of ignition components. The flue gas pipeline 2321 is connected to the flue gas outlet 2304 of the Mth liquid processing tank 2301 in the liquid processing device 230 (taking the case where no solid adsorption device is provided as an example). The ignition components are connected to the flue gas pipeline 2321. Among them, the number of ignition components can be set according to requirements, and can be set to multiple groups such as 1 group, 2 groups, 3 groups, or 4 groups. When set to multiple groups, it can not only fully ignite the thermally runaway flue gas to ensure reliable ignition, but also avoid potential safety hazards caused by the inability to reliably ignite the thermally runaway flue gas when a single ignition component fails or malfunctions.

[0371] As Figure 60As shown in the figure, each ignition component includes a smoke exhaust pipe 2322 and an igniter 2323 provided at the outlet of the smoke exhaust pipe 2322. The smoke exhaust pipe 2322 is connected to the smoke gas pipeline 2321 (when there are multiple ignition components, the inlets of the smoke exhaust pipes 2322 of the multiple ignition components are all communicated with the smoke gas pipeline 2321). The igniter 2323 is turned on when any large-capacity battery 330 has a thermal runaway. Subsequently, the thermal runaway smoke gas processed by the liquid treatment device 230 is transported by the smoke gas pipeline 2321 into the smoke exhaust pipe 2322, and the igniter 2323 ignites the thermal runaway smoke gas discharged from the smoke exhaust pipe 2322. The ignition of the igniter 2323 can be turned on by a trigger 2324 or by a BMS (Battery Management System). When turned on by the trigger 2324, the trigger 2324 can be sensors of different structures, which can be arranged in the smoke exhaust pipe 2322 or on the smoke gas pipeline 2321 to detect parameters such as temperature, pressure, or gas volume fraction in real time. When the set threshold is exceeded, a signal can be sent to start the igniter 2323. Specifically, the above trigger 2324 can be at least one of a pressure sensor, a gas sensor, or a temperature sensor. When starting through the trigger 2324, a flame arrester 2325 can also be provided on the smoke exhaust pipe 2322. The flame arrester 2325 is preferably a pipeline flame arrester 2325, which is used to prevent the flame from transmitting downward through the smoke exhaust pipe 2322 and damaging devices such as the trigger 2324. When turned on by the BMS, the BMS monitors the voltage, current, and temperature of each large-capacity battery 330 in the energy storage device in real time. When any large-capacity battery 330 has a thermal runaway and the voltage, voltage, and temperature exceed the threshold, the igniter 2323 is started.

[0372] The structure of the above igniter 2323 can be various. For example, an existing arc igniter 2323 or a resistance wire igniter 2323 can be specifically adopted. Specifically, the arc igniter 2323 can adopt a pulse igniter 2323. The power supply mode of the igniter 2323 can adopt dry batteries or alternating current according to the on-site environment.

[0373] When a large-capacity battery 330 has a thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke gas generated by the thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery 330 enters the liquid treatment device 230 through the smoke gas confluence pipe. The liquid treatment device 230 performs targeted treatment on the electrolyte and part of the gas carried in the battery thermal runaway smoke gas. Subsequently, the ignition device 2210 performs a controllable ignition treatment on the thermal runaway smoke gas processed by the liquid treatment device 230 to reduce the potential safety hazards generated after the thermal runaway smoke gas is discharged.

[0374] The smoke gas treatment unit 22 of this embodiment can also include a buffer device, which is arranged between the smoke gas confluence pipe and the smoke gas treatment unit 22 to buffer the thermal runaway smoke gas entering the smoke gas treatment unit 22.

[0375] Such as Figure 61As shown in the figure, the buffer device includes N buffer tanks 234, and each buffer tank 234 is provided with a smoke inlet 2341 and a smoke outlet 2342 that communicate with its inner cavity; the smoke inlet 2303 of the first liquid treatment tank 2301 is connected to the smoke outlet 2342 of the Nth buffer tank 234, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Figure 61 The smoke treatment unit 22 shown in the figure includes a buffer device, a liquid treatment device 230, and an ignition device 2210. The buffer device is arranged at the front end of the liquid treatment device 230, and the ignition device 2210 is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device 230. In other embodiments, the buffer device can also be arranged at the front end of the ignition device 2210.

[0376] In the above buffer device, the number of buffer tanks 234 can be set according to the number and requirements of large-capacity batteries 330. If there are multiple buffer tanks 234, the multiple buffer tanks 234 can be arranged in series through a connecting pipeline 2302. The shape of the buffer tank 234 is not limited and can be a rectangular tank body, a circular tank body, an oval tank body, etc. Preferably, a circular tank body is used, and the circular tank body has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0377] In this embodiment, the number of buffer tanks 234 is 1. This buffer tank 234 is an empty tank body without filling substances inside. It is arranged between the smoke converging pipe and the smoke treatment unit 22 and mainly has the following functions:

[0378] First, buffer the heat-loss smoke;

[0379] A buffer tank 234 is arranged in front of the smoke treatment unit 22. The buffer tank 234 buffers the thermal runaway smoke, slows down the speed of the thermal runaway smoke, and reduces the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke, so that the thermal runaway smoke enters the liquid treatment tank 2301 or the ignition device 2210 at a relatively stable flow rate. The liquid treatment medium can treat the thermal runaway smoke more fully. Or when the thermal runaway smoke is ignited by the ignition device 2210, the combustion flame is relatively stable, avoiding the defect that the thermal runaway smoke with instantaneous large pressure quickly passes through the liquid treatment medium and the thermal runaway smoke cannot be fully treated, and improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium;

[0380] Second, collect the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke;

[0381] In the large-capacity battery 330 with a shared chamber, there is a certain amount of free electrolyte. When the large-capacity battery 330 undergoes thermal runaway, the free electrolyte is ejected together with the thermal runaway flue gas. Especially when the explosion vent area is set at the bottom of the outer shell 331, almost all the free electrolyte inside the shared chamber is ejected with the thermal runaway flue gas. A buffer tank 234 is arranged in front of the liquid treatment device 230. While buffering the thermal runaway flue gas, the buffer tank 234 separates the gas and liquid in the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas is collected in the buffer tank 234, thereby reducing the usage amount of the liquid treatment medium in the subsequent liquid treatment device 230;

[0382] When the large-capacity battery 330 undergoes thermal runaway, almost all the free electrolyte inside the large-capacity battery 330 is ejected with the thermal runaway flue gas. The electrolyte and the combustible gas are ignited together. At this time, when the liquid electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas burns, hazards such as flame sputtering may occur. At the same time, when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited, the electrolyte and the combustible gas in the thermal runaway flue gas participate in the combustion simultaneously, generating a large amount of combustion flames. The large amount of combustion flames may affect the devices near the ignition device 2210, posing a certain safety hazard. A buffer tank 234 is arranged in front of the ignition device 2210. While buffering the thermal runaway flue gas, the buffer tank 234 separates the gas and liquid in the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas is collected in the buffer tank 234. This can not only prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to produce combustible gas and reduce the amount of combustible gas, but also when the subsequent thermal runaway flue gas is ignited, only the combustible gas burns (the electrolyte has been collected by the buffer tank 234), reducing the size of the flame when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited and reducing the safety hazard to the surrounding environment;

[0383] Third, remove impurities from the thermal runaway flue gas;

[0384] When the large-capacity battery 330 undergoes thermal runaway, the temperature inside each single battery 332 is approximately between 140°C and 850°C. At this temperature, the fusible parts such as diaphragms, plastic films, and plastic parts inside the single battery 332 are melted by high temperature. As the substances in the molten state are ejected from the battery cavity with the high-temperature and high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas and flow through the flue gas confluence pipe to the subsequent thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, as the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas decreases, the substances in the molten state gradually solidify and agglomerate, easily blocking the pipelines in the flue gas treatment unit 22. At this time, after adding the buffer tank 234, the impurities such as the molten substances discharged with the thermal runaway flue gas will be deposited and collected in the buffer tank 234 when the thermal runaway flue gas is buffered in the buffer tank 234, avoiding the subsequent pipeline blockage problem;

[0385] Fourth, collect the recirculated liquid treatment medium;

[0386] When the large-capacity battery 330 undergoes thermal runaway, the instantaneously ejected thermal runaway flue gas has a relatively high pressure. This high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas enters the liquid treatment tank 2301 through the flue gas manifold. Since the liquid treatment tank 2301 is filled with a liquid treatment medium and is provided with a flow division part 2307, there is a situation where the thermal runaway flue gas cannot be discharged from the liquid treatment tank 2301 in time, resulting in overpressure in the liquid treatment tank 2301. At this time, the following phenomena may occur: The liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301 is backflushed by the high-pressure gas in the liquid treatment tank 2301 into the flue gas manifold, causing the flue gas manifold to become blocked, resulting in the subsequent generated thermal runaway flue gas being unable to be smoothly discharged into the liquid treatment tank 2301 through the flue gas manifold;

[0387] A buffer tank 234 is added in front of the liquid treatment tank 2301. When the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301 undergoes backflushing, the liquid treatment medium is backflushed and collected in the front buffer tank 234, and will not flow into the flue gas manifold, thereby avoiding the blockage problem of the flue gas manifold, enabling the thermal runaway flue gas to be smoothly discharged into the liquid treatment device 230 for treatment.

[0388] As Figure 61 shown, an inlet flue gas port 2341 and an outlet flue gas port 2342 communicating with its inner cavity are provided on the above-mentioned buffer tank 234. The inlet flue gas port 2341 is mainly used to connect with the flue gas manifold, and the flue gas manifold transports the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery 330 into the buffer tank 234. The outlet flue gas port 2342 is mainly used to discharge the thermal runaway flue gas in the buffer tank 234. When specifically setting the above-mentioned inlet flue gas port 2341 and outlet flue gas port 2342, they can be set on the side wall of the buffer tank 234 or on the top of the buffer tank 234. In this embodiment, both the inlet flue gas port 2341 and the outlet flue gas port 2342 are set on the top of the buffer tank 234. Setting the inlet flue gas port 2341 on the top of the buffer tank 234, firstly, can make the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas deposit at the bottom of the buffer tank 234 under the action of gravity, and secondly, it is difficult for the liquid in the buffer tank 234 to be squeezed into the front flue gas manifold through the inlet flue gas port 2341 on the top; Setting the outlet flue gas port 2342 on the top of the buffer tank 234, firstly, can prevent the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas from being smoothly discharged, and secondly, can enable the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas to be smoothly discharged from the buffer tank 234.

[0389] In addition, a drain valve can be provided at the bottom of the above-mentioned buffer tank 234 to timely discharge the liquid in the buffer tank 234. For the convenience of standardization and integration of energy storage devices, the buffer tank 234 can adopt a structure similar to that of the liquid treatment tank 2301.

[0390] Reference Figure 61, the flue gas treatment system of this embodiment may further include at least one safety device (each safety device includes a safety pipeline 2220 and a safety discharge part 2230).

[0391] If there is no safety device in the flue gas treatment system, the following problems may exist:

[0392] First, if multiple large-capacity batteries 330 experience thermal runaway simultaneously, due to the excessive pressure of the flue gas during thermal runaway, the explosion relief part of the large-capacity battery 330 (i.e., the explosion relief membrane in the explosion relief pipe assembly 335) may be opened in the reverse direction, affecting the large-capacity batteries 330 that have not experienced thermal runaway, creating potential safety hazards. Or, it may damage the seal at the connection of the flue gas manifold, causing leakage in the flue gas manifold and creating potential safety hazards.

[0393] Second, since the liquid treatment tank 2301 is filled with a liquid treatment medium and is provided with a flow splitting part 2307, there is a possibility that the flue gas during thermal runaway cannot be discharged from the liquid treatment tank 2301 in time. The flue gas during thermal runaway accumulates and is pressurized in the flue gas manifold. When the pressure is too high, the explosion relief part of the large-capacity battery 330 (i.e., the explosion relief membrane in the explosion relief pipe assembly 335) may be opened in the reverse direction, affecting the large-capacity batteries 330 that have not experienced thermal runaway, creating potential safety hazards. Or, it may damage the seal at the connection of the flue gas manifold, causing leakage in the flue gas manifold and creating potential safety hazards.

[0394] Based on this, the energy storage device of this embodiment may further include at least one safety device. This safety device can discharge the flue gas during thermal runaway through the safety device when the pressure of the flue gas during thermal runaway in the flue gas manifold is too high, so as to avoid potential safety hazards caused by excessive pressure in the flue gas manifold and improve the safety of the energy storage device.

[0395] Such as Figure 61As shown, each safety device includes a safety pipeline 2220 and a safety discharge part 2230; the inlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is connected to the flue gas confluence pipe or the buffer tank 234, and the outlet is connected to the external environment. Alternatively, the outlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is connected to the flue gas outlet 2304 of the Mth liquid treatment tank 2301. Alternatively, the outlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is connected to the flue gas outlet 2304 of the last solid treatment tank 231. Alternatively, the outlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is connected to the flue gas pipeline 2321 of the ignition device 2210. The safety discharge part 2230 is arranged on the safety pipeline 2220, and its opening pressure is less than the opening pressure of the rupture disc (the rupture pipe assembly 335 is the explosion relief part of the large-capacity battery 330) in the explosion relief pipe assembly 335 of the large-capacity battery 330. This safety device is used to discharge the thermal runaway flue gas from the safety pipeline 2220 when the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas confluence pipe is too high, so as to avoid the influence of the thermal runaway flue gas on the large-capacity batteries that have not experienced thermal runaway, or the influence on the sealing performance of the flue gas confluence pipe connection, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device during use.

[0396] The above-mentioned safety discharge part 2230 can be specifically implemented by the following structures: First, use a rupture disc or a rupture valve; the rupture disc or the rupture valve is installed on the safety pipeline 2220; Second, use a safety valve, and the safety valve can open under a set pressure; the safety valve can use a pressure valve, and the pressure valve can open automatically under a certain pressure; the pressure valve has a set opening threshold, and when the pressure in the flue gas confluence pipe exceeds this threshold, the pressure valve automatically opens, with relatively high reliability. In addition, the installation of the safety valve is also relatively convenient; Third, use a pressure measurement device and a control valve; the pressure measurement device is used to monitor the pressure of the gas in the flue gas confluence pipe, and open the control valve when the pressure of the gas in the flue gas confluence pipe exceeds the threshold. The above-mentioned pressure measurement device can specifically use a pressure sensor, and the control valve is a solenoid valve, and the solenoid valve is connected to the pressure measurement device for signal connection, and the pressure measurement device controls the opening of the solenoid valve according to the pressure in the flue gas confluence pipe.

[0397] Combined Figure 55 and Figure 62 In this embodiment, the fire safety system 2 may further include a secondary fire protection unit 021. The secondary fire protection unit 021 mainly includes a fire protection device 24 and a fire protection pipeline 25; a fire extinguishing substance is stored in the fire protection device 24, and the fire protection pipeline 25 is used to transport the fire extinguishing substance in the fire protection device 24 into the energy storage box 1. The inlet of the above-mentioned fire protection pipeline 25 is connected to the fire protection device 24, and the outlet is arranged in the energy storage box 1.

[0398] In this embodiment, at least one fire extinguishing agent nozzle is provided on the fire pipeline 25. The fire extinguishing agent nozzle is arranged on the top of the energy storage box body 1, and the fire extinguishing substance is sprayed through the fire extinguishing agent nozzle to ensure that the fire extinguishing substance can cover all the large-capacity batteries 330. A certain amount of fire extinguishing substance is stored in the above-mentioned fire-fighting device 24, and the fire extinguishing substance is specifically perfluoromethyl isopropyl ketone, heptafluoropropane, aerosol, water, etc. At the same time, a control valve is provided at the outlet of the fire-fighting device 24, and the control valve is started by the BMS or by a sensor arranged in the energy storage box body 1. When starting through the sensor, the sensor includes at least two of a temperature sensor, a gas sensor, and a smoke detector. The above-mentioned sensors monitor the environment inside the energy storage box body 1 in real time and open the control valve according to the detection data.

[0399] When the large-capacity battery 330 undergoes thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas of the thermal runaway battery can be led out and processed by the primary fire-fighting unit 020 to prevent its thermal diffusion, avoiding the situation where other batteries or even the entire energy storage device get out of control and explode due to thermal diffusion when an individual large-capacity battery 330 undergoes thermal runaway. At the same time, it can also avoid the danger caused by the accumulation of high-temperature and high-pressure gas in a limited space. When there is thermal runaway flue gas in the energy storage box body 1, the secondary fire-fighting unit 021 is started to spray the fire extinguishing substance on the thermal runaway flue gas and the burning and exploding battery in the energy storage box body 1, further preventing the continuous occurrence of thermal runaway. The above-mentioned primary fire-fighting unit 020 and secondary fire-fighting unit 021 can cool down and extinguish the fire for the thermal runaway battery according to the situation, greatly improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0400] Combined Figure 55 and as Figure 62 shown in, the fire safety system 2 of this embodiment may further include a tertiary fire-fighting unit 022. The tertiary fire-fighting unit 022 includes a fire water spray pipeline 26 and at least one water mist nozzle 27 arranged on the fire water spray pipeline 26. The inlet of the fire water spray pipeline 26 is used to connect with an external fire water pipe, and the water mist nozzle 27 is arranged on the top of the energy storage box body 1. When multiple large-capacity batteries 330 undergo thermal runaway and the fire is relatively large, the fire water spray pipeline 26 can cooperate with the secondary fire-fighting unit 021 to extinguish the fire for multiple batteries. Or, when the fire extinguishing substance in the secondary fire-fighting unit 021 is consumed, the tertiary fire-fighting unit 022 is started to continue to take corresponding fire extinguishing measures for the large-capacity batteries 330, further improving the safety of the entire energy storage device. In other embodiments, the above-mentioned fire safety system 2 may not be provided with the tertiary fire-fighting unit 022. Or, when the fire extinguishing substance in the secondary fire-fighting unit 021 is water, the tertiary fire-fighting unit 022 is a fire water joint arranged on the fire pipeline 25, and the fire water joint is used to connect with an external fire water pipe.

[0401] The working principle of the above-mentioned fire safety system 2 is as follows:

[0402] When the large-capacity battery 330 in the energy storage box body 1 is working normally, the primary fire protection unit 020, the secondary fire protection unit 021, and the tertiary fire protection unit 022 do not work. When a certain large-capacity battery 330 undergoes thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery 330 is transported through the flue gas confluence pipe to the flue gas treatment unit 22 for treatment; when the flue gas confluence pipe leaks or the flue gas treatment device fails, and there is thermal runaway flue gas in the energy storage box body 1, or when the large-capacity battery 330 catches fire or explodes, the secondary fire protection unit 021 is activated, and the fire extinguishing device 24 sprays fire extinguishing substances through the fire protection pipeline 25. The fire extinguishing substances prevent the thermal runaway flue gas from igniting an open fire or the fire extinguishing substances perform fire extinguishing operations on the batteries that have caught fire and exploded. If the fire cannot be controlled after the secondary fire protection unit 021 operates: the tertiary fire protection unit 022 connects to external fire water, and the water mist nozzle 27 extinguishes the fire in the battery compartment 12. Or when multiple large-capacity batteries 330 undergo thermal runaway simultaneously and the open fire is relatively large, the secondary fire protection unit 021 and the tertiary fire protection unit 022 are activated simultaneously to start extinguishing the fire.

[0403] It should be noted that when the secondary fire protection unit 021 and the tertiary fire protection unit 022 are activated, the ignition device 2210 in the primary fire protection unit 020 does not work.

[0404] Embodiment 5

[0405] This embodiment is a temperature control system 8, and its structure is as Figure 63 shown. The temperature control system 8 controls the temperature of the large-capacity battery 330 during operation. The temperature control system 8 includes a heat exchange unit 81, a heat transfer unit 82, and a heat treatment unit 83; the heat exchange unit 81 is used for heat exchange with each large-capacity battery 330, the heat transfer unit 82 is used to realize the transportation of the heat transfer medium between the heat exchange unit 81 and the heat treatment unit 83; the heat treatment unit 83 is used to heat up or cool down the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer unit 82.

[0406] As described in Embodiment 1, the heat exchange unit 81 in the temperature control system 8 of the present utility model can be a heat transfer plate or a heat transfer pipe 342 that contacts the polar terminals of each large-capacity battery 330 or contacts the outer shell 331. The above heat transfer plate or heat transfer pipe 342 is connected to the heat treatment unit 83 through the heat transfer unit 82 to control the temperature of the large-capacity battery 330.

[0407] As Figure 63 shown, the heat exchange unit 81 in this embodiment includes a plurality of heat transfer pipes 342 corresponding one-to-one to the large-capacity batteries 330, which are used for heat exchange with the polar terminals of the corresponding large-capacity batteries 330 ( Figure 63Only one heat transfer tube 342 is schematically shown. Through research, it is found that during the charging and discharging process of the large-capacity battery 330, the temperature at the position of the polar terminal is the highest in the large-capacity battery 330. By dealing with the heat at the polar terminal, the large-capacity battery 330 can be effectively cooled, and thus effective temperature control of the large-capacity battery 330 can be achieved.

[0408] In this embodiment, the heat transfer tube 342 is installed on the polar terminal of the large-capacity battery 330, mainly used to control the temperature at the top of the large-capacity battery 330, especially the temperature of the polar terminal part of the large-capacity battery 330, to ensure that the large-capacity battery 330 operates within the optimal temperature range. During specific installation, reference can be made to Embodiment 1. Figure 25 As shown, clamping parts are provided at the parts where the polar terminals of each single battery 332 extend out of the avoidance holes 338. Each heat transfer tube 342 is fixedly connected to the clamping parts of each single battery 332 one by one, so that the heat transfer tube 342 is directly connected to the polar terminals of each single battery 332, and the heat on the polar terminals where the heat is relatively concentrated can be timely conducted out, improving the heat dissipation effect at the top of the large-capacity battery 330. In addition, when the temperature of the large-capacity battery 330 is lower than the set threshold value, a heat transfer medium with a higher temperature is introduced into the heat transfer tube 342 to heat up the large-capacity battery 330; by controlling the temperature of the heat transfer medium, it can be ensured that the large-capacity battery 330 always operates at the normal working temperature.

[0409] The above-mentioned heat transfer tube 342 is a pipeline with a heat exchange function. There is no requirement for the cross-sectional shape of the heat transfer tube 342, as long as it can contact the polar terminal of the single battery 332 for heat exchange. For example, square tubes, elliptical tubes, round tubes, etc. can be used. In this embodiment, the heat transfer tube 342 is preferably a round tube, which is convenient for installation and can be made of existing metal tubes, with relatively low cost.

[0410] At the same time, to improve the heat exchange effect, the heat transfer tube 342 is made of a metal tube with good thermal conductivity, such as an aluminum tube, a copper tube, etc. Preferably, the above-mentioned heat transfer tube 342 is made of an aluminum tube with better heat conduction effect and relatively low cost. To ensure the heat conduction effect, the thinner the wall thickness of the aluminum tube, the better. However, if the wall thickness of the aluminum tube is too thin, the aluminum tube is relatively soft and is prone to bending and damage during installation. Therefore, the wall thickness of the aluminum tube is preferably 0.5 mm to 1 mm. The aluminum tube with this wall thickness can maintain its installation reliability while having good heat conduction performance, avoiding the risk of easy bending and damage when the wall thickness of the aluminum tube is relatively thin. During specific use, the diameter of the aluminum tube is generally about 10 mm to 20 mm.

[0411] The above heat transfer tube 342 mainly exchanges heat with the first and second polar terminals of the large-capacity battery 330. Among them, the polar terminals of all the single cells 332 on one side serve as the first polar terminal of the large-capacity battery 330, and the polar terminals of all the single cells 332 on the other side serve as the second polar terminal of the large-capacity battery 330. The heat transfer tube 342 can be specifically implemented with the following structures:

[0412] First, the heat transfer tube 342 can be made as a whole tube. The entire metal tube is bent to form a U-shaped tube, and the two straight tubes of the U-shaped tube are respectively fixed on the clamping parts of the first and second polar terminals of the large-capacity battery 330;

[0413] Second, the heat transfer tube 342 includes an L-shaped first tube section and a second tube section; the first tube section is fixed on the first polar terminal of the large-capacity battery 330; the second tube section is fixed on the second polar terminal of the large-capacity battery 330, and the relatively shorter tube sections of the first tube section and the second tube section are connected through a joint;

[0414] Third, as Figure 25 shown, the heat transfer tube 342 mainly includes a first tube 161, a second tube 162, and a connecting tube 163; the first tube 161 is fixed on the clamping part of the first polar terminal of the large-capacity battery 330; the second tube 162 is fixed on the clamping part of the second polar terminal of the large-capacity battery 330, and both ends of the connecting tube 163 are connected to the ports on the same side of the first tube 161 and the second tube 162.

[0415] For the convenience of installation, the heat transfer tube 342 is preferably the spliced pipeline of the third type. At the same time, the connecting tube 163 of the above spliced heat transfer tube 342 can be made of a flexible tube. After the first tube 161 and the second tube 162 are connected by a flexible tube, it is convenient to install the first tube 161 and the second tube 162 on the first and second polar terminals of the large-capacity battery 330 respectively, improving the installability of the heat transfer tube 342 on the large-capacity battery 330. At the same time, the flexible tube 835 is made of an insulating flexible tube, improving the insulation between the large-capacity battery 330 and the heat transfer tube 342. During specific connection, the insulating flexible tube is fixedly connected to the first tube 161 and the second tube 162 by a clamp.

[0416] In addition, when the large-capacity battery 330 is operating, the temperature of the positive-polarity terminal is higher than that of the negative-polarity terminal. At this time, the port of the first pipe 161 is used as the liquid inlet port of the heat transfer pipe 342, and the port of the second pipe 162 is used as the liquid outlet port of the heat transfer pipe 342. At the same time, the first pipe 161 of the heat transfer pipe 342 is connected to the positive-polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery 330, and the second pipe 162 is connected to the negative-polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery 330. When the heat transfer pipe 342 exchanges heat with the large-capacity battery 330, the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer pipe 342 first exchanges heat with the relatively high-temperature positive-polarity terminal, and then exchanges heat with the negative-polarity terminal, so that the temperatures of the positive-polarity terminal and the negative-polarity terminal are relatively balanced, thereby improving the reliability of the large-capacity battery 330 during operation.

[0417] After the above-mentioned heat transfer pipe 342 is connected to the polarity terminals of the large-capacity battery 330, in order to ensure the safety of the large-capacity battery 330 during operation, insulation needs to be carried out between the heat transfer pipe 342 and the polarity terminals of the large-capacity battery 330. The following specific methods can be used to achieve this insulation:

[0418] First, perform insulation treatment on the polarity terminals;

[0419] Insulation treatment is performed on the polarity terminals of each single battery 332. Specifically, an insulating layer is provided on the part where the polarity terminals of each single battery 332 are in contact with the heat transfer pipe 342. The insulating layer can be a ceramic coating such as boron nitride, alumina, or copper fluoride coating, or an insulating paint layer formed by coating, or a hard anodized layer formed after oxidation treatment, or an enamel insulating layer, etc.; When specifically setting, the insulating layer is formed on the wall of the polarity terminal through groove or the wall of the through hole;

[0420] Second, arrange an insulating and heat-conducting member between the polarity terminals and the heat transfer pipe 342;

[0421] An insulating and heat-conducting member is arranged between the polarity terminals of each single battery 332 and the heat transfer pipe 342. For example, an insulating plastic pad, an insulating rubber pad, and a heat-conducting ceramic pad, etc. are arranged between the polarity terminals of each single battery 332 and the heat transfer pipe 342;

[0422] Third, perform insulation treatment on the heat transfer pipe 342;

[0423] When insulating the heat transfer tube 342, the heat transfer tube 342 made of an insulating material can be used to achieve insulation. For example, a plastic tube or a ceramic tube, etc. However, for a metal tube, the thermal conductivity of a plastic tube or a ceramic tube is relatively poor. Therefore, the heat transfer tube 342 is preferably a metal tube. At this time, an insulating layer or an insulating sleeve is provided on the metal tube to ensure the insulation between the metal tube and the large-capacity battery 330 during use. Preferably, both an insulating layer and an insulating sleeve are provided on the heat transfer tube 342 to form a double-insulation structure; this double-insulation setting enables the heat transfer tube 342 and the large-capacity battery 330 to exchange heat. Even if one of the insulating layer or the insulating sleeve is damaged, the reliable insulation performance can still be maintained between the heat transfer tube 342 and the large-capacity battery 330, thereby improving the safety of the large-capacity battery 330 during use.

[0424] Taking the metal tube as an aluminum tube as an example, the structure of the heat transfer tube 342 with an insulating layer and an insulating sleeve will be described in detail below.

[0425] When an insulating layer is provided on the aluminum tube, the insulating layer is formed on the tube wall of the aluminum tube and is an integral structure with the aluminum tube. It can be specifically realized in the following several ways:

[0426] First, a ceramic coating, that is, a high-temperature electrical insulation coating, is formed on the tube wall of the aluminum tube to form an insulating layer. The ceramic coating can specifically be a boron nitride or alumina, copper fluoride coating; however, the insulating layer formed by this method is prone to peeling off and has a relatively high processing cost;

[0427] Second, a layer of insulating material (such as insulating paint, etc.) is coated on the surface of the tube wall of the aluminum tube to form an insulating layer; this method is convenient for processing and implementation and has a relatively low processing cost;

[0428] Third, an enamel insulating layer is formed on the tube wall of the aluminum tube. The enamel insulating layer is formed on the outer tube wall of the aluminum tube and is an integral structure with the aluminum tube;

[0429] Fourth, the aluminum tube is subjected to an oxidation treatment to form an insulating layer; the oxidation treatment uses a chemical reaction between the metal surface and oxygen to form an oxide film to improve the insulation performance of the metal surface. For example, an electrochemical oxidation method, etc. Specifically, the aluminum tube is subjected to an oxidation treatment to form a hard oxidation layer. The insulating layer formed by this method is not easy to peel off and has relatively good insulation performance.

[0430] It should be noted that the above tube wall can be the outer tube wall of the aluminum tube or the inner tube wall, and the outer tube wall is preferably selected. The thicker the hard oxidation layer formed by the oxidation treatment, the better the insulation performance. However, its heat conduction performance will decrease. In this embodiment, the thickness of the above hard oxidation layer is preferably 20um to 50um. The hard oxidation layer of this thickness not only ensures the insulation performance but also enables the side wall of the aluminum tube to have relatively good heat conduction performance.

[0431] Specifically, the above-mentioned insulating sleeve can be processed and manufactured using an insulating material with good heat conduction performance, so that it has excellent heat conduction performance and good insulation performance at the same time. In this embodiment, the insulating sleeve is a heat-conducting plastic sleeve or a heat-conducting rubber sleeve with better insulation performance and heat conduction performance. For example, a heat-conducting silica gel sleeve, etc. At the same time, the thickness of the insulating sleeve is preferably 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm. This thickness can ensure good heat conduction performance while ensuring excellent insulation performance. The cross-sectional shape of the insulating sleeve can be circular, U-shaped, or C-shaped, as long as it can be sleeved on the aluminum tube with an insulating layer to achieve insulation at the contact between the aluminum tube and the polar terminal of the single battery 332. At the same time, the cross-sectional shape of the above-mentioned insulating sleeve is preferably the same as that of the aluminum tube, so that the insulating sleeve can be tightly nested on the aluminum tube to improve the heat conduction performance of the aluminum tube. In addition, when the insulating sleeve is installed and matched with the heat transfer tube 342, the size of the insulating sleeve is set slightly smaller than the size of the heat transfer tube 342, so as to tightly nest the insulating sleeve on the heat transfer tube 342 with an insulating layer, or the insulating sleeve can also be sleeved on the heat transfer tube 342 with an insulating layer by heat shrinkage.

[0432] Combined Figure 63 , in this embodiment, the heat delivery unit 82 includes a liquid supply pipeline assembly 833, a liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834, a liquid inlet pipeline assembly 831, and a liquid return pipeline assembly 832; the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834 mainly realize the transportation of the heat transfer medium between the heat treatment unit 83 and each battery cluster, and the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 831 and the liquid return pipeline assembly 832 realize the transportation of the heat transfer medium within each battery cluster. In Figure 63 , only three groups of liquid inlet pipeline assemblies 831 and liquid return pipeline assemblies 832 are schematically shown, and only the pipelines corresponding to each battery pack assembly 3 in the battery cluster are schematically shown in each group of liquid inlet pipeline assemblies 831 and liquid return pipeline assemblies 832.

[0433] During specific operation, the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 transports the heat transfer medium in the heat treatment unit 83 to each battery cluster, and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834 converges the heat transfer medium after heat exchange in each battery cluster to the heat treatment unit 83. In each battery cluster, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 831 diverts the heat transfer medium in the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 to each large-capacity battery 330 in each battery pack assembly 3; the liquid return pipeline assembly 832 converges the heat transfer medium after heat exchange of multiple large-capacity batteries 330 to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834. The heat transfer medium forms a circulation loop with the heat treatment unit 83 through the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833, the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 831, and the liquid return pipeline assembly 832 to control the temperature of the large-capacity batteries 330 in each battery cluster.

[0434] The pipeline layout of the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834 will be described in detail below.

[0435] If the number of battery clusters in the energy storage device is one, then the above-mentioned liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 and liquid discharge pipeline assembly 834 are both single pipelines, which are respectively connected to the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 831, the liquid return pipeline assembly 832 and the heat treatment unit 83 to realize the transportation of the heat transfer medium.

[0436] If the number of battery clusters in the energy storage device is N, N is greater than 1, and the N battery clusters are arranged in a matrix, then the above-mentioned liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 and liquid discharge pipeline assembly 834 are both combinations of multiple pipelines, and the pipeline layout is carried out accordingly according to the arrangement of the battery clusters. The specific layout is as follows:

[0437] First, the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 and the liquid discharge pipeline assembly 834 respectively include N liquid supply pipelines and N liquid discharge pipelines; the N liquid supply pipelines are respectively connected to the liquid inlet pipeline assemblies 831 in the N battery clusters one by one, and the other ends are all connected to the heat treatment unit 83. The N liquid discharge pipelines are respectively connected to the liquid return pipeline assemblies 832 in the N battery clusters one by one, and the other ends are all connected to the heat treatment unit 83. That is, each battery cluster is respectively connected to the heat treatment unit 83 by an independent pipeline. This kind of pipeline setting requires more pipelines for installation and production. At the same time, the heat treatment unit 83 also needs to be provided with N liquid inlets and N liquid outlets, making the structure of the heat treatment unit 83 relatively complex;

[0438] Second, as Figure 64 shown, the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 includes a first-stage shunt pipe 8331, a second-stage shunt pipe 8332 and a third-stage shunt pipe 8333; the inlet of the first-stage shunt pipe 8331 is used to connect to the heat treatment unit 83; the second-stage shunt pipe 8332 is used to shunt the heat transfer medium in the first-stage shunt pipe 8331 to different columns or rows of battery clusters, and the third-stage shunt pipe 8333 is used to shunt the heat transfer medium in the second-stage shunt pipe 8332 to the same column or row of battery clusters;

[0439] The liquid discharge pipeline assembly 834 includes a first-stage confluence pipe 8341, a second-stage confluence pipe 8342 and a third-stage confluence pipe 8343; the third-stage confluence pipe 8343 is used to converge the heat transfer medium in the same column or row of battery clusters into the second-stage confluence pipe 8342; the second-stage shunt pipe 8332 is used to converge the heat transfer medium in different columns or rows of battery clusters into the first-stage confluence pipe 8341; the outlet of the first-stage confluence pipe 8341 is used to connect to the heat treatment unit 83.

[0440] The liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834 are made of multi-stage pipelines, enabling the heat transfer medium flowing out of the heat treatment unit 83 to be gradually branched and evenly distributed to each battery cluster, balancing the flow rate of the heat transfer medium distributed to each battery cluster, and ensuring that each battery cluster and each large-capacity battery 330 in the battery cluster have good and balanced heat dissipation effects, thereby improving the working stability and service life of the energy storage device. At the same time, the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834 are made of multi-stage pipelines, enabling the heat treatment unit 83 to only have one liquid inlet and one liquid outlet, and the structure of the heat treatment unit 83 is relatively simple. In addition, the production and installation of the entire pipeline are also relatively convenient.

[0441] In this embodiment, a water replenishment joint can also be provided on the primary diversion pipe 8331 for replenishing the heat transfer medium to the temperature control system 8, and an exhaust valve is provided on the primary confluence pipe 8341. The exhaust valve is used to discharge the air in the temperature control system 8. The water replenishment joint and the exhaust valve cooperate to enable the temperature control system 8 to efficiently control the temperature of each large-capacity battery 330 and improve the temperature control effect of the temperature control system 8.

[0442] After the above-mentioned liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 diverts the heat transfer medium processed by the heat treatment unit 83 to multiple battery clusters, each battery cluster realizes the transportation of the heat transfer medium of each large-capacity battery 330 in the battery cluster through the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 831 and the liquid return pipeline assembly 832 respectively. The pipeline layout of the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 831 and the liquid return pipeline assembly 832 will be described in detail below.

[0443] The liquid inlet pipeline assembly 831 and the liquid return pipeline assembly 832 are specifically installed and manufactured according to the number and arrangement method of the large-capacity batteries 330 in the battery cluster. In this embodiment, multiple large-capacity batteries 330 are arranged in sequence in the horizontal direction to form a battery pack assembly 3. Subsequently, multiple battery pack assemblies 3 are arranged in sequence in the vertical direction to form a battery cluster. At this time, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 831 and the liquid return pipeline assembly 832 can be manufactured in the following ways:

[0444] First, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 831 and the liquid return pipeline assembly 832 are made of an integrated pipeline with the heat transfer pipe 342, that is, there is only one pipeline for the heat transfer medium to flow in the entire energy storage device. This pipeline can specifically be made of an aluminum pipe, and the aluminum pipe is bent multiple times up and down and left and right and is sequentially connected to the polar terminals of multiple large-capacity batteries 330. This installation method requires many bends of the aluminum pipe and has high requirements for the pipeline quality. At the same time, during installation, the entire pipeline needs to be sequentially connected to the polar terminals of each large-capacity battery 330, and the reliability and convenience of installation are relatively poor, and installation errors are likely to occur after installation.

[0445] Second, as Figure 64 and Figure 65As shown, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 831, the liquid return pipeline assembly 832 and the heat transfer pipe 342 are respectively manufactured and installed, and the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 831 and the liquid return pipeline assembly 832 are made through multi-stage pipelines.

[0446] The liquid inlet pipeline assembly 831 specifically includes a primary liquid inlet pipe 8311, a secondary liquid inlet pipe 8312 and a tertiary liquid inlet pipe 8313; the liquid inlet of the primary liquid inlet pipe 8311 is used to connect with the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833; a plurality of secondary liquid inlet pipes 8312 are all connected to the primary liquid inlet pipe 8311, and each secondary liquid inlet pipe 8312 respectively supplies the heat transfer medium to each battery pack assembly 3. That is to say, a plurality of secondary liquid inlet pipes 8312 respectively divert the heat transfer medium in the primary liquid inlet pipe 8311 to a plurality of battery pack assemblies 3 one by one; a plurality of tertiary liquid inlet pipes 8313 are all connected to the secondary liquid inlet pipe 8312. At the same time, each tertiary liquid inlet pipe 8313 is respectively connected to the liquid inlet end of the heat transfer pipe 342 of each large-capacity battery 330 in the same battery pack assembly 3, and each tertiary liquid inlet pipe 8313 respectively supplies the heat transfer medium to each large-capacity battery 330. That is to say, a plurality of tertiary liquid inlet pipes 8313 divert the heat transfer medium in the secondary liquid inlet pipe 8312 to a plurality of large-capacity batteries 330.

[0447] The above-mentioned liquid return pipeline assembly 832 includes a primary liquid outlet pipe 8321, a secondary liquid outlet pipe 8322 and a tertiary liquid outlet pipe 8323; each tertiary liquid outlet pipe 8323 is respectively connected to the liquid outlet port of the heat transfer pipe 342 of each large-capacity battery 330. At the same time, a plurality of tertiary liquid outlet pipes 8323 are all connected to the secondary liquid outlet pipe 8322, and the heat transfer medium after heat exchange of a plurality of large-capacity batteries 330 is converged into the secondary liquid outlet pipe 8322. Each secondary liquid outlet pipe 8322 is connected to the primary liquid outlet pipe 8321, and the heat transfer medium after heat exchange of a plurality of battery pack assemblies 3 is converged into the primary liquid outlet pipe 8321. The primary liquid outlet pipe 8321 is connected to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834.

[0448] The above-mentioned tertiary liquid inlet pipe 8313 and tertiary liquid outlet pipe 8323 can both adopt flexible pipelines, specifically made of metal bellows. The flexible pipelines reduce the installation error with the large-capacity battery 330, lower the on-site installation requirements, and further increase the installation convenience of the temperature control pipeline assembly.

[0449] The above-mentioned liquid inlet pipeline assembly 831 and liquid return pipeline assembly 832 are made through multi-stage pipelines, so that the heat transfer medium flowing out of the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 is gradually divided and evenly distributed to each large-capacity battery 330, and the heat transfer medium flow rate distributed to each large-capacity battery 330 is balanced, so that each large-capacity battery 330 in the battery cluster has a good and balanced heat dissipation effect, thereby improving the working stability and service life of the energy storage device.

[0450] The above-mentioned secondary liquid inlet pipe 8312 and secondary liquid outlet pipe 8322 can both be formed by splicing multi-section pipelines, that is, the secondary liquid inlet pipe 8312 and secondary liquid outlet pipe 8322 can both be formed by splicing multi-section pipelines with three-way joints. This kind of spliced connection reduces the error and assembly difficulty during the connection of each pipeline, and is very convenient for installation and disassembly. At the same time, during subsequent maintenance of this kind of spliced connection, only the pipeline connection head of the relevant large-capacity battery 330 needs to be removed for maintenance, without removing the entire temperature control pipeline assembly, which is convenient for installation and maintenance.

[0451] As Figure 65 shown, for further convenient connection, the secondary liquid outlet pipe 8322 is connected to the primary liquid outlet pipe 8321 by a quick connector 836 and a hose 835. The hose 835 reduces the installation error when the secondary liquid outlet pipe 8322 and the primary liquid outlet pipe 8321 are connected, reduces the on-site installation requirements, and further increases the installation convenience of the temperature control pipeline assembly. The quick connector 836 can realize the quick installation of the secondary liquid outlet pipe 8322 and the primary liquid outlet pipe 8321, and can be directly inserted and pulled without tools, which can improve the convenience of installation or disassembly. In addition, the above-mentioned quick connector 836 can also have a two-way self-sealing function. During the process of inserting and pulling the quick connector 836, it can automatically cut off the flow of liquid, so that when maintaining the large-capacity battery 330 and the pipeline assembly, it is not necessary to drain the heat transfer medium in each pipeline, which improves the convenience of maintenance, improves the detachable performance of the pipeline, and is convenient for subsequent maintenance and replacement of the main pipeline.

[0452] In addition, an insulating layer is provided on all or part of the pipelines of the above-mentioned liquid supply pipeline assembly 833, liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834, liquid inlet pipeline assembly 831, and liquid return pipeline assembly 832. The insulating layer can not only effectively prevent the loss of cold or heat of the heat transfer medium, reduce energy consumption, but also avoid the condensation phenomenon on the pipe walls of each pipeline. At the same time, between the heat treatment unit 83 and the large-capacity battery 330, the diameters of each pipeline gradually decrease, that is, the diameter of the primary shunt pipe 8331 > the diameter of the secondary shunt pipe 8332 > the diameter of the tertiary shunt pipe 8333 > the diameter of the primary liquid inlet pipe 8311 > the diameter of the secondary liquid inlet pipe 8312 > the diameter of the tertiary liquid inlet pipe 8313, and the diameter of the primary confluence pipe 8341 > the diameter of the secondary confluence pipe 8342 > the diameter of the tertiary confluence pipe 8343 > the diameter of the primary liquid outlet pipe 8321 > the diameter of the secondary liquid outlet pipe 8322 > the diameter of the tertiary liquid outlet pipe 8323. This kind of setting makes the flow deviation of the heat transfer medium exchanging heat with each large-capacity battery 330 smaller, reduces the temperature difference of the large-capacity battery 330, and improves the service life of the large-capacity battery 330.

[0453] As Figure 66As shown, the heat treatment unit 83 in this embodiment includes a temperature control machine 841. The temperature control machine 841 heats up or cools down a heat transfer medium (specifically, it can be water, ethylene glycol / water, propylene glycol / water, methanol / water, ethanol / water, calcium formate / water, etc.). The temperature control machine 841 is a device with heating and / or cooling functions, such as a heating and cooling machine or a water cooling machine, etc., and is used to heat up or cool down the heat transfer medium transported by the heat transfer unit 82.

[0454] As Figure 66 shown, generally, an inlet and an outlet are provided on the temperature control machine 841. The temperature control machine 841 is respectively connected to the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834 through the inlet 8411 and the outlet 8412. At this time, for the convenience of maintenance, blocking joints are provided on the inlet 8411 and the outlet 8412 of the temperature control machine 841. The blocking joints can block the heat transfer medium in the temperature control machine 841 when the temperature control machine 841 is installed and disassembled.

[0455] As Figure 67 shown, the above-mentioned blocking joint 84 includes a joint end pipe 8410, a regulating valve 8420 and two welding chucks 843; one end of the regulating valve is connected to the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834 through the welding chuck, and the other end is connected to the joint end pipe through the welding chuck. The joint end pipe is used to connect to the inlet and outlet of the temperature control machine 841. The above-mentioned regulating valve can specifically adopt a butterfly valve. When the temperature control machine 841 is working normally, the regulating valve is in an open state, and the heat transfer medium in the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834 is in a normal flowing state. When the temperature control machine 841 needs to be disassembled and repaired, the regulating valve is closed, and the blocking joint blocks the inflow and outflow of the heat transfer medium in the temperature control machine 841. At this time, the heat transfer medium in the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834 is in a disconnected state from the temperature control machine 841. Subsequently, the temperature control machine 841 can be directly disassembled from the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834 without corresponding drainage operations, improving the convenience and reliability during maintenance.

[0456] As Figure 68 shown, the heat treatment unit 83 in this embodiment may further include a radiator 842 and a control valve 843; the inlet of the temperature control machine 841 is connected to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834, and the outlet of the temperature control machine 841 is connected to the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833, and is used to heat up or cool down the heat transfer medium; the control valve 843 is used to control whether the heat transfer medium enters the radiator 842. The inlet and outlet of the radiator 842 are both connected to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834 and are used to dissipate heat from the heat transfer medium.

[0457] The device for the above-mentioned radiator 842 to dissipate heat from the heat transfer medium can specifically adopt a heat dissipation coil, etc., to exchange heat with the external environment to achieve a reduction in the temperature of the heat transfer medium.

[0458] The above control valve 843 can specifically adopt valves with different control methods or structures, as long as it can control the on-off of the heat transfer medium. For example, it can specifically adopt pneumatic valves, electric valves, hydraulic valves, etc. For convenient control, an electric valve is preferably used. The electric valve is convenient to control, easy to operate, and also convenient for on-site installation. The control valve 843 in this embodiment includes a three-way electric valve. The first port of the three-way electric valve is communicated with the liquid inlet of the temperature control machine 841, the second port is communicated with the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834, and the third port is communicated with the liquid outlet of the radiator 842. When using a three-way electric valve for control, only a single device is required to achieve control, with a simple structure and convenient installation.

[0459] In this embodiment, a fan is further provided outside the above radiator 842 to further dissipate the heat of the heat transfer medium in the radiator 842. A large-capacity battery 330 can generate a large amount of heat during the charging and discharging process. In order to dissipate the heat and make the best use of the ambient temperature, a fan is provided. In this way, even in a high-temperature situation where the temperature is 40°C, the temperature of the large-capacity battery 330 can be ensured to be below 50°C. The control of the temperature of the large-capacity battery 330 is mainly an energy consumption problem. Using refrigeration equipment such as air conditioners has a high energy consumption. Therefore, the ambient temperature is used as much as possible to control the temperature of the large-capacity battery 330.

[0460] The working modes of the above temperature control system 8 are as follows:

[0461] First, the radiator 842 single cooling mode:

[0462] As Figure 69 shown, when the temperature of the large-capacity battery 330 reaches the first high-temperature threshold, the first port and the third port of the three-way electric valve are communicated, and the second port is closed. The heat transfer medium in the heat exchange unit 81 exchanges heat with the large-capacity battery 330. Subsequently, the heat transfer medium in the heat exchange unit 81 enters the radiator 842 through the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834. The radiator 842 processes the heat in the heat transfer medium. Subsequently, the heat transfer medium with reduced temperature enters the temperature control machine 841. At this time, the temperature control machine 841 does not work and only ensures the passage of the heat transfer medium. Subsequently, the heat transfer medium returns to the heat exchange unit 81 through the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 to exchange heat with the large-capacity battery 330 again, thereby achieving passive cooling through the radiator 842.

[0463] Second, the temperature control machine 841 single cooling and heating mode:

[0464] As Figure 70As shown, when the temperature of the high-capacity battery 330 reaches the second high-temperature threshold, the first port and the second port of the three-way electric valve are connected, and the third port is closed. The heat exchange unit 81 exchanges heat with the high-capacity battery 330. Subsequently, the heat transfer medium in the heat exchange unit 81 enters the temperature control machine 841 through the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834. At this time, the temperature control machine 841 operates to actively cool the heat transfer medium. Subsequently, the cooled heat transfer medium returns to the heat exchange unit 81 through the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 and exchanges heat with the high-capacity battery 330, thereby realizing active cooling through the temperature control machine 841.

[0465] When the temperature of the high-capacity battery 330 reaches the low-temperature threshold, the first port and the second port of the three-way electric valve are connected, and the third port is closed. The temperature control machine 841 operates to raise the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the temperature control pipe. The heated heat transfer medium returns to the heat exchange unit 81 through the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 and exchanges heat with the high-capacity battery 330, thereby realizing active heating through the temperature control machine 841.

[0466] Third, the combined cooling mode of the radiator 842 and the temperature control machine 841:

[0467] As Figure 69 shown, when the temperature of the high-capacity battery 330 reaches the third high-temperature threshold, the first port and the third port of the three-way electric valve are connected, and the second port is closed. The heat transfer medium of the heat exchange unit 81 exchanges heat with the high-capacity battery 330. Subsequently, the heat transfer medium in the heat exchange unit 81 enters the radiator 842 through the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834. The radiator 842 processes the heat in the heat transfer medium. Subsequently, the heat transfer medium with reduced temperature enters the temperature control machine 841. At this time, the temperature control machine 841 is turned on to cool the heat transfer medium. Subsequently, the heat transfer medium returns to the heat exchange unit 81 through the liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 and exchanges heat with the high-capacity battery 330 again, thereby realizing passive cooling and active cooling through the radiator 842 and the temperature control machine 841.

[0468] It should be noted that: the third high-temperature threshold > the second high-temperature threshold > the first high-temperature threshold.

[0469] The above heat treatment unit 83 performs combined active heat dissipation, active heating, and passive heat dissipation on the high-capacity battery 330 through the radiator 842 and the temperature control machine 841. This method can not only ensure that the heat of the high-capacity battery 330 can be effectively processed, but also has a relatively low temperature control cost, can effectively save energy, avoid wasting energy when only using active temperature control, and also avoid the defect that the temperature of the high-capacity battery 330 cannot be controlled in time when only using passive temperature control. This setting enables the heat treatment unit 83 to fully exchange heat with the external environment, make full use of the temperature of the external environment, thereby saving the opening time of active refrigeration and saving energy.

[0470] Example 6

[0471] This example is an energy storage device, and its structure can be referred to Figure 1 、 Figure 71 、 Figure 72 、 Figure 73 and Figure 74 , that is, on the basis of Example 3, it is a product assembled with the fire safety system 2 of Example 4, the temperature control system 8 of Example 5, the energy storage box body 1 and the battery pack assembly 3;

[0472] From Figure 1 、 Figure 71 and Figure 72 , it can be seen that in this example of the energy storage device, the flue gas treatment unit 22 of the primary fire protection unit 020 in the fire safety system 2 (except for the ignition device 2210, the ignition device 2210 is placed outside the energy storage box body 1 and on the top of the energy storage box body 1), and the fire protection device 24 of the secondary fire protection unit 021 are placed in the equipment warehouse 11. Part of the pipelines of the secondary manifold 2120, the fire protection pipeline 25, the fire water spray pipeline 26 and the water mist nozzles 27 in the fire safety system 2 are located inside the energy storage box body 1 and on the top of the battery warehouse 12. Each primary manifold 211 extends along the z direction and is respectively connected to the outlet end of the explosion vent manifold 32 of the battery pack assembly 3 in each battery cluster (reference can be made to Figure 57 ).

[0473] From Figure 1 、 Figure 73 Figure 74 , it can be seen that in this example of the energy storage device, the heat treatment unit 83 of the temperature control system 8 is arranged in the equipment warehouse 11. The heat exchange unit 81 and the heat delivery unit 82 are installed in the battery warehouse 12. The liquid supply pipeline assembly 833 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 834 in the heat delivery unit 82 are both located on the top of the battery warehouse 12. This setting occupies a relatively small installation space, resulting in a high integration degree of the pipeline assembly. The liquid inlet pipeline assembly 831 and the liquid return pipeline assembly 832 in the heat delivery unit 82 are located on the same side of the battery cluster, improving the connectability of the entire liquid inlet pipeline assembly 831 and the liquid return pipeline assembly 832 and the compactness of the pipeline layout, avoiding pipeline stacking and crossing, increasing the inconvenience of connection, and improving the convenience of installation and layout. The secondary liquid inlet pipe 8312 and the secondary liquid outlet pipe 8322 in the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 831 and the liquid return pipeline assembly 832 are directly embedded in the outer space between the upper flange and the lower flange of the first beam 312, without occupying additional space, enabling the battery pack assembly to have a high energy density.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized in that: It includes an energy storage box, a fire safety system, a temperature control system and at least one battery pack assembly; The energy storage box includes an equipment compartment and a battery compartment, and a support frame is provided in the battery compartment; The fire safety system includes a primary fire unit, which includes a smoke manifold and a smoke treatment unit. The smoke manifold is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack assembly to the smoke treatment unit, and the smoke treatment unit is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke; at least part of the structure of the smoke treatment unit is placed in the equipment compartment; The temperature control system includes a heat exchange unit, a heat transport unit and a heat treatment unit; the heat exchange unit contacts each battery pack assembly to achieve heat exchange; the heat transport unit transports the heat transfer medium between the heat exchange unit and the heat treatment unit; the heat treatment unit heats up or cools down the heat transfer medium transported by the heat transport unit; The battery pack assembly comprises a battery pack support frame, an explosion venting manifold, and n large-capacity battery assemblies connected in series and fixed on the battery pack support frame; wherein n is an integer greater than 1; each large-capacity battery assembly comprises a large-capacity battery and a bracket assembly; the large-capacity battery comprises a housing and a plurality of single cells arranged in the housing in the same direction; The shell is provided with a shared chamber and an explosion relief pipe assembly connected to the shared chamber; the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavities of all the single cells; the top plate of the shell is provided with avoidance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single cell; the polarity terminals of each single cell extend out of the avoidance holes, and the top plate area of ​​the shell corresponding to the avoidance holes is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single cell; the explosion relief manifold is connected to the explosion relief pipe assembly of each large-capacity battery, and the outlet end of the explosion relief manifold is connected to the smoke manifold; Each large-capacity battery assembly is fixed to the battery pack support frame through a bracket assembly, and each battery pack assembly is placed on a support frame in the battery compartment through the battery pack support frame.

2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shared chamber is an electrolyte shared chamber, and the electrolyte shared chamber is communicated with the electrolyte area of ​​each single battery.

3. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shared chamber is a gas shared chamber, and the gas shared chamber is communicated with the gas area of ​​each single battery.

4. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber. The electrolyte shared chamber is communicated with the electrolyte area of ​​each single battery, and the gas shared chamber is communicated with the gas area of ​​each single battery.

5. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber. The electrolyte shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each single cell. The gas shared chamber is a gas channel located between the top plate of the outer shell and each single cell. The gas channel covers the explosion venting part of each single cell. When the explosion venting part of any single cell is broken by the thermal runaway smoke in the inner cavity, the gas area and gas channel of the single cell are connected.

6. The energy storage device according to claim 2, 4 or 5, characterized in that: The shell comprises a cylinder assembly with two open ends and an end plate assembly covering the two open ends of the cylinder assembly; the electrolyte sharing chamber is located at the bottom of the cylinder assembly and is a liquid channel extending along the x direction.

7. The energy storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cylinder assembly includes a cylinder and two bosses arranged on the inner bottom surface of the cylinder and extending in the x direction and arranged in the y direction with the same length as the cylinder. The top surface of the boss is the supporting surface of each single battery. In the y direction, a liquid channel is formed between the two bosses as a shared chamber for the electrolyte.

8. The energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bracket assembly includes a supporting member and two L-shaped brackets; the supporting member is placed at the bottom of the large-capacity battery to support the large-capacity battery; the L-shaped bracket includes a first bracket and a second bracket, wherein the first bracket is parallel to the yz plane, and the second bracket is parallel to the xy plane, and the first brackets of the two L-shaped brackets are respectively fixed to the two ends of the supporting member, and the second brackets of the two L-shaped brackets are respectively fixed to the side beams opposite to the battery pack support frame.

9. The energy storage device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A channel is opened in the boss along the x direction; the supporting member includes two supporting ribs, which are respectively inserted into the two channels to support the large-capacity battery.

10. The energy storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The end plate assembly includes a first end plate and a second end plate; a first through hole is provided on the first end plate; the first end plate is used to cooperate with an explosion relief mechanism fixed at the first through hole to seal the open end of the gas sharing chamber, the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber and the open end of the cylinder of the large-capacity battery; the second end plate is parallel to the first end plate and there is a gap between the two, and the gap serves as a gas channel; the gas channel extends along the z direction, the air inlet end of the gas channel is used to communicate with the gas sharing chamber, and the air outlet end of the gas channel is connected with the first through hole; in the z direction, the air inlet end of the gas channel is higher than the air outlet end of the gas channel.

11. The energy storage device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The end plate assembly also includes a third end plate which is closely attached to the inner surface of the second end plate.

12. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The large-capacity battery also includes 2m sealing connectors; the outer shell area around each avoidance hole is fixedly sealed with the single cell shell by a sealing connector; the sealing connector includes a hollow component sleeved on the outside of the polarity terminal of the single cell, and the orthographic projection of the open end of the bottom of the hollow component on the upper cover of the single cell covers the weak area around the polarity terminal on the upper cover of the single cell; The bottom of the hollow component and the peripheral area of ​​the weak area are welded and sealed, and the top of the hollow component and the top plate area of ​​the shell around the avoidance hole are welded and sealed.

13. The energy storage device according to claim 12, characterized in that: The sealing connector also includes a bottom plate fixed to the open end of the bottom of the hollow component; a through hole is opened on the bottom plate; the through hole covers the weak area around the polarity terminal on the upper cover of the single cell through its positive projection on the upper cover of the single cell; the bottom plate is used for welding and sealing with the peripheral area of ​​the weak area.

14. The energy storage device according to claim 12, characterized in that: The polarity terminal includes a pole adapter fixed on the pole of the single cell; the pole adapter includes a block-shaped pole adapter body and an electrical connection column fixed on the pole adapter body and protruding from the pole adapter body; the pole adapter body is provided with a first hole corresponding to the electrical connection column, and each electrical connection column is connected to the pole of the single cell through each first hole.

15. The energy storage device according to claim 14, characterized in that: The first hole is a blind hole, which extends to the electrical connection column; the bottom of the blind hole is connected to the single battery pole by welding; a third through hole is provided at the bottom of the blind hole and passes through the blind hole, and the aperture of the third through hole is smaller than the aperture of the blind hole.

16. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The heat exchange unit includes at least one heat transfer tube, and a clamping portion is provided at the position where each single cell polarity terminal extends out of the avoidance hole. Each heat transfer tube is fixed on the clamping portion of each single cell polarity terminal in a one-to-one correspondence, and the heat transfer tube is insulated from each single cell polarity terminal; the clamping portion is a through groove or through hole opened at the position where each single cell polarity terminal extends out of the avoidance hole.

17. The energy storage device according to claim 16, characterized in that: The heat transfer tube is a metal tube, and the metal tube has at least one of an insulating layer and an insulating sleeve.

18. The energy storage device according to claim 17, characterized in that: All the single battery polarity terminals located on one side serve as the first polarity terminals of the large-capacity battery, and all the single battery polarity terminals located on the other side serve as the second polarity terminals of the large-capacity battery; The heat transfer tube includes a first tube, a second tube and a connecting tube; The first tube is fixed on the clamping part of the first polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery; the second tube is fixed on the clamping part of the second polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery; and both ends of the connecting tube are respectively connected to the ports of the first tube and the second tube on the same side.

19. The energy storage device according to claim 18, characterized in that: The first tube and the second tube are metal tubes, the metal tubes have at least one of an insulating layer and an insulating sleeve, and the connecting tube is an insulating hose.

20. The energy storage device according to claim 19, characterized in that: The port of the first tube is the liquid inlet port of the heat transfer tube, and the first polarity terminal is a positive polarity terminal, the port of the second tube is the liquid outlet port of the heat transfer tube, and the second polarity terminal is a negative polarity terminal.

21. The energy storage device according to claim 18, characterized in that: The clamping part is a through groove, and a pressing plate is also provided on the top of the heat transfer tube, and the pressing plate includes a pressing part and a fixing part; the pressing part has an arc surface, and the arc surface is used to cooperate with the through groove of the polarity terminal to press the heat transfer tube into the through groove; the fixing part is arranged on both sides of the pressing part, connected with the polarity terminal of each single battery, and is used to realize parallel connection of multiple single batteries, and is also used to fix the pressing part on the polarity terminal, and an insulating pad is also provided between the pressing plate and the heat transfer tube.

22. The energy storage device according to claim 21, characterized in that: An insulating sealant layer is laid on the top of the large-capacity battery, and the insulating sealant layer includes a first sub-insulating sealant layer and a second sub-insulating sealant layer. The first sub-insulating sealant layer is an insulating sealant layer with a temperature resistance higher than the thermal runaway flue gas temperature, and is arranged in the gap between the polarity terminal of the single battery and the avoidance hole; the second sub-insulating sealant layer has a lower temperature resistance than the first sub-insulating sealant, and the second sub-insulating sealant layer is laid on the top plate of the outer shell and covers the heat transfer tube and the pressure plate.

23. The energy storage device according to claim 22, characterized in that: The large-capacity battery also includes an insulating protective cover, which includes an insulating frame and an insulating cover plate; the lower end of the insulating frame is fixed to the top of the large-capacity battery to prevent the insulating sealant from overflowing the top plate of the shell; the upper end of the insulating frame is buckled and installed with the insulating cover plate; A notch is provided at the upper end of the side wall of the insulating frame body parallel to the xz plane, and the notch cooperates with the insulating cover plate to form a slit, through which the large-capacity battery is electrically connected to external equipment.

24. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The explosion relief pipe assembly includes a first explosion relief component and a second explosion relief component; the first explosion relief component includes a first hollow pipe connected to the housing, and an explosion relief membrane is arranged in the first hollow pipe; The second explosion relief component is a three-way pipe, a first interface of which is sealed and connected to the first explosion relief component, and the second interface and the third interface of the second explosion relief components of two adjacent large-capacity batteries are connected by a flexible pipe section to form an explosion relief conduit.

25. The energy storage device according to claim 24, characterized in that: The first explosion relief component also includes a second hollow pipe connected to the first hollow pipe; the second hollow pipe is made of insulating material, the second explosion relief component is a flexible tee, and the flexible joint of the second explosion relief component is threadedly connected to the second hollow pipe.

26. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device and an ignition device; the liquid treatment device, the solid treatment device and the flue gas cooling device are placed in the equipment compartment; the ignition device is placed outside the energy storage box; The liquid treatment device is mainly used to treat the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; The flue gas cooling device is mainly used to cool the thermal runaway flue gas; The solid treatment device is mainly used to adsorb the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; The ignition device is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas.

27. The energy storage device according to claim 26, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device, which includes M liquid treatment tanks, each of which is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the first liquid treatment tank to the M-1th liquid treatment tank are all filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

28. The energy storage device according to claim 27, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment unit also includes an ignition device; the ignition device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank and is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

29. The energy storage device according to claim 28, characterized in that: The liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution, and the alkaline solution is a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution.

30. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The first-level fire fighting unit also includes a buffer device, which includes at least one buffer tank. The buffer tank is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet connected to its inner cavity. The buffer device is arranged between the smoke manifold and the smoke treatment unit, and is used for buffering the thermal runaway smoke.

31. The energy storage device according to claim 30, characterized in that: The first-level fire-fighting unit also includes a safety device, which includes a safety pipeline and a safety discharge part; the inlet of each safety pipeline is connected to the smoke manifold or the buffer tank, and the outlet of the safety pipeline is connected to the external environment; the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipeline, and its opening pressure is less than the opening pressure of the large-capacity battery explosion relief part.

32. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The flue gas manifold includes a primary manifold and a secondary manifold. The primary manifold is connected to the outlet end of the battery pack assembly explosion relief manifold, and the secondary manifold is connected to each primary manifold to centrally transport the thermal runaway flue gas in each primary manifold to the flue gas treatment unit.

33. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The fire safety system also includes a secondary fire unit, which includes a fire device and a fire pipeline; the fire device contains fire extinguishing substances, and the fire pipeline is used to transport the fire extinguishing substances in the fire device to the energy storage box.

34. The energy storage device according to claim 33, characterized in that: The fire safety system also includes a three-level fire unit, which includes a fire sprinkler pipeline and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire sprinkler pipeline. The inlet of the fire sprinkler pipeline is used to be connected to an external fire water pipe.

35. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Multiple battery pack components are arranged in sequence along the vertical direction to form a battery cluster; The heat transfer unit includes a liquid supply pipeline assembly, a liquid outlet pipeline assembly, a liquid inlet pipeline assembly and a liquid return pipeline assembly; the liquid supply pipeline assembly is used to transport the heat transfer medium in the heat treatment unit to each battery cluster, and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly is used to gather the heat transfer medium after heat exchange with each battery cluster to the heat treatment unit; The number of liquid inlet pipeline assemblies and liquid outlet pipeline assemblies corresponds to the number of battery clusters one by one; in each battery cluster, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly is used to divert the heat transfer medium in the liquid supply pipeline assembly to the heat exchange units corresponding to multiple large-capacity batteries; the liquid return pipeline assembly is used to gather the heat transfer medium after heat exchange in the heat exchange units of multiple large-capacity batteries to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly.

36. The energy storage device according to claim 35, characterized in that The liquid inlet pipeline assembly includes a primary liquid inlet pipe, a plurality of secondary liquid inlet pipes and a plurality of tertiary liquid inlet pipes; the liquid inlet port of the primary liquid inlet pipe is used to be connected to the liquid supply pipeline assembly; the plurality of secondary liquid inlet pipes are all connected to the primary liquid inlet pipe, and the plurality of secondary liquid inlet pipes shunt the heat transfer medium in the primary liquid inlet pipe to each battery pack assembly in the battery cluster; the plurality of tertiary liquid inlet pipes are all connected to the secondary liquid inlet pipe, and the plurality of tertiary liquid inlet pipes shunt the heat transfer medium in the secondary liquid inlet pipe to each large-capacity battery in each battery pack assembly; The liquid return pipeline assembly includes a primary liquid outlet pipe, a secondary liquid outlet pipe and a tertiary liquid outlet pipe; multiple tertiary liquid outlet pipes are connected to the secondary liquid outlet pipe, and are used to gather the heat transfer medium after heat exchange with each large-capacity battery in the battery pack assembly into the secondary liquid outlet pipe, and each secondary liquid outlet pipe is connected to the primary liquid outlet pipe, and the heat transfer medium after heat exchange with multiple battery pack assemblies is gathered into the primary liquid outlet pipe, and the primary liquid outlet pipe is connected to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly.

37. The energy storage device according to claim 36, characterized in that There are multiple battery clusters arranged in a matrix; The liquid supply pipeline assembly includes a primary shunt pipe, a secondary shunt pipe and a tertiary shunt pipe; The inlet of the primary shunt pipe is used to connect to the heat treatment unit; the secondary shunt pipe is used to shunt the heat transfer medium in the primary shunt pipe to different columns or rows of battery clusters; the tertiary shunt pipe is used to shunt the heat transfer medium in the secondary shunt pipe to multiple battery clusters in the same column or row; The liquid outlet pipeline assembly includes a primary confluence pipe, a secondary confluence pipe and a tertiary confluence pipe; The tertiary confluence pipe is used to converge the heat transfer medium of multiple battery clusters in the same column or row into the secondary confluence pipe; the secondary diversion pipe is used to converge the heat transfer medium of different columns or rows of battery clusters into the primary confluence pipe; the outlet of the primary confluence pipe is used to connect to the heat treatment unit.

38. The energy storage device according to claim 37, characterized in that At least part of the liquid supply pipeline assembly, liquid outlet pipeline assembly, liquid inlet pipeline assembly and liquid return pipeline assembly is provided with a heat preservation layer. Meanwhile, the secondary liquid inlet pipe and secondary liquid outlet pipe are formed by splicing multiple sections of pipelines.

39. The energy storage device according to claim 37, characterized in that The first-level flow distribution pipe is provided with a water supply joint for supplying heat transfer medium to the temperature control system, and the first-level flow converging pipe is provided with an exhaust valve.

40. The energy storage device according to claim 37, characterized in that The secondary liquid outlet pipe is connected to the primary liquid outlet pipe by a quick-insert connector and a hose. Meanwhile, in the battery clusters in the same row, two adjacent battery clusters share one primary liquid outlet pipe.

41. The energy storage device according to claim 37, characterized in that The support frame includes three mounting brackets parallel to each other; each mounting bracket includes a plurality of first support beams and a plurality of second support beams; each first support beam extends along the z direction, and the plurality of first support beams are arranged along the y direction; each second support beam extends along the y direction, and the plurality of second support beams are arranged along the z direction and fixed on the first support beam; The mounting brackets are located between two second support beams in the same xy plane to form at least two battery pack assembly mounting positions arranged along the y direction; a battery pack assembly is fixed in each battery pack assembly mounting position; the battery pack assemblies located on both sides of the middle mounting bracket are electrically connected through the first electrical connection plate.

42. The energy storage device according to claim 41, characterized in that The battery pack support frame is a rectangular frame. Rollers are provided at the bottom of the battery pack support frame relative to the two second side beams. The rollers are placed on the second support beams and are transported to the battery pack assembly installation position by sliding installation. The positioning is achieved by a limit device arranged on the mounting bracket.

43. The energy storage device according to claim 42, characterized in that The battery pack support frame includes a U-shaped frame and a first beam fixed to an open end of the U-shaped frame in a detachable connection manner; The first beam is an I-shaped steel, and the explosion relief manifold is fixed in the inner space between the upper flange and the lower flange of the first beam; the secondary liquid inlet pipe and the secondary liquid outlet pipe are embedded in the outer space between the upper flange and the lower flange of the first beam.

44. The energy storage device according to claim 43, characterized in that In the z direction, two adjacent battery pack assemblies constitute a battery pack assembly unit; in each battery pack assembly unit, the battery pack support frames of the two battery pack assemblies are plugged in through a vertical support assembly, and the two battery pack assemblies on the same side have opposite polarities.

45. The energy storage device according to claim 44, characterized in that The vertical support assembly includes a plurality of first docking tubes vertically fixed to the bottom surface of the upper battery pack support frame, and a plurality of second docking tubes vertically fixed to the top surface of the lower battery pack support frame; the plurality of first docking tubes and the plurality of second docking tubes correspond one to one and are plugged into each other.

46. ​​The energy storage device according to claim 35, characterized in that The heat treatment unit comprises a temperature controller, a liquid inlet of the temperature controller is connected to a liquid outlet pipeline assembly, and a liquid outlet of the temperature controller is connected to a liquid supply pipeline assembly. The temperature controller is used to increase or decrease the temperature of a heat transfer medium.

47. The energy storage device according to claim 46, characterized in that The heat treatment unit also includes a radiator and a control valve; the control valve is used to control whether the heat transfer medium enters the radiator, and the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the radiator are both connected to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly to dissipate heat for the heat transfer medium.

48. The energy storage device according to claim 47, characterized in that The liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the temperature controller are provided with blocking joints, and the blocking joints can block the heat transfer medium in the temperature controller.

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