Antenna, antenna array, terminal equipment and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to an antenna, an antenna array, a terminal device and a vehicle, the antenna comprises a first dielectric plate and a second dielectric plate, one side of the first dielectric plate is provided with a radiation patch, the other side of the first dielectric plate is provided with a metal ground, and the radiation patch is connected with a feed network. A first interval is formed between the second dielectric plate and the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate is arranged on the side, provided with the radiation patch, of the first dielectric plate, and a metal loading sheet is arranged on the side, away from the radiation patch, of the second dielectric plate. The antenna is formed by arranging the first dielectric plate, the radiation patch, the metal ground and the metal loading sheet. And the metal loading sheet is used for coupling the energy radiated by the radiation patch and re-radiating the energy, so that the effect of high gain can be realized. And meanwhile, the metal loading sheet can improve impedance matching of the antenna, so that the whole microstrip unit realizes a relatively wide working bandwidth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular, to an antenna, an antenna array, a terminal device, and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] A microstrip antenna generally consists of a dielectric substrate, a radiator, and a ground plane. With the rise of microwave integration technology and new manufacturing processes, the development of microstrip antennas has been promoted. Compared with traditional antennas, microstrip antennas are small in size, simple in structure, low in cost, and suitable for mass production.

[0003] However, the disadvantages of small gain and narrow bandwidth of microstrip antennas also limit their applications. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] Embodiments of this application provide an antenna, an antenna array, a terminal device, and a vehicle, which improve the gain of the antenna and broaden the working bandwidth of the antenna.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides an antenna, which includes a first dielectric board and a second dielectric board. The first dielectric board has a first side and a second side facing away from each other. A radiation patch is provided on the first side, and a metal ground is provided on the second side. The radiation patch is connected to a feeding network. The second dielectric board is provided on the first side of the first dielectric board, and there is a first spacing between the second dielectric board and the first dielectric board. A metal loading patch is provided on the side of the second dielectric board away from the radiation patch.

[0006] On this basis, by providing the first dielectric board, the radiation patch, the metal ground, and the metal loading patch, an antenna is formed. By providing the metal loading patch, the metal loading patch is used to couple the energy radiated by the radiation patch and re-radiate the energy, so as to achieve the effect of high gain. At the same time, the metal loading patch can improve the impedance matching of the antenna, so that the entire microstrip unit can achieve a wider working bandwidth.

[0007] In a possible design of the first aspect, the antenna further includes a third dielectric board, which is provided on the second side of the first dielectric board. The third dielectric board and the first dielectric board share the metal ground. The feeding network is provided on the side of the third dielectric board away from the metal ground, and the radiation patch is connected to the feeding network through a metal via.

[0008] In a possible design of the first aspect, the shape of the radiation patch is rectangular, square, or circular, and the shape of the metal loading patch is the same as that of the radiation patch.

[0009] In a possible design of the first aspect, the ratio of the size of the metal loading patch to the size of the radiation patch is 0.95 to 1.05.

[0010] In a possible design of the first aspect, the size of the metal loading sheet is the same as that of the radiation patch.

[0011] In a possible design of the first aspect, the metal loading sheet is disposed opposite to the radiation patch.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present application provides an antenna array, including nine antennas of the first aspect and any of its possible design manners, and the nine antennas are arranged in a 3*3 array.

[0013] In a possible design of the second aspect, there is a second spacing between two adjacent antennas, and the second spacing is 0.4 to 0.6 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating center frequency of the antenna array.

[0014] In a possible design of the second aspect, the second spacing is 0.5 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating center frequency of the antenna array.

[0015] In a possible design of the second aspect, the feeding network includes a first feeding port, a second feeding port, a third feeding port, a fourth feeding port, a fifth feeding port, a sixth feeding port, a seventh feeding port, an eighth feeding port, and a ninth feeding port.

[0016] The first feeding port, the second feeding port, and the third feeding port feed the antennas in the first row of the antenna array in sequence. The fourth feeding port, the fifth feeding port, and the sixth feeding port feed the antennas in the second row of the antenna array in sequence. The seventh feeding port, the eighth feeding port, and the ninth feeding port feed the antennas in the third row of the antenna array in sequence.

[0017] The output power ratio among the first feeding port, the second feeding port, the third feeding port, the fourth feeding port, the fifth feeding port, the sixth feeding port, the seventh feeding port, the eighth feeding port, and the ninth feeding port is: 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1.

[0018] In a possible design of the second aspect, the phases of the signals output by the first feeding port, the second feeding port, the third feeding port, the fourth feeding port, the fifth feeding port, the sixth feeding port, the seventh feeding port, the eighth feeding port, and the ninth feeding port are all equal.

[0019] In a possible design of the second aspect, the feeding network includes a feeding main trunk, and the feeding main trunk is equally divided into four feeding branches, where one feeding branch is the first feeding branch, two of the feeding branches are combined to form the second feeding branch, and the other feeding branch is the third feeding branch.

[0020] The first feeding branch is equally divided into a first sub - feeding branch, a second sub - feeding branch, a third sub - feeding branch, and a fourth sub - feeding branch. The first sub - feeding branch is connected to the first feeding port, the second sub - feeding branch and the third sub - feeding branch are combined and then connected to the second feeding port, and the fourth sub - feeding branch is connected to the third feeding port.

[0021] The second feeding branch is equally divided into a fifth sub - feeding branch, a sixth sub - feeding branch, a seventh sub - feeding branch, and an eighth sub - feeding branch. The fifth sub - feeding branch is connected to the fourth feeding port, the sixth sub - feeding branch and the seventh sub - feeding branch are combined and then connected to the fifth feeding port, and the eighth sub - feeding branch is connected to the sixth feeding port.

[0022] The third feeding branch is equally divided into a ninth sub - feeding branch, a tenth sub - feeding branch, an eleventh sub - feeding branch, and a twelfth sub - feeding branch. The ninth sub - feeding branch is connected to the seventh feeding port, the tenth sub - feeding branch and the eleventh sub - feeding branch are combined and then connected to the eighth feeding port, and the twelfth sub - feeding branch is connected to the ninth feeding port.

[0023] In a third aspect, the present application provides a terminal device, including the antenna of the first aspect and any of its possible design manners, or including the antenna array of the second aspect and any of its possible design manners.

[0024] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a vehicle, including the terminal device provided in the third aspect.

[0025] For the antenna in the present application, by setting a metal loading patch, the metal loading patch is used to couple the energy radiated by the radiation patch and re - radiate the energy, so as to achieve the effect of high gain. At the same time, the metal loading patch can improve the impedance matching of the antenna, enabling the entire microstrip unit to achieve a relatively wide operating bandwidth. Description of the Drawings

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0027] In order to more completely understand the present application and its beneficial effects, the following will be described in conjunction with the drawings, where the same reference numerals in the following description represent the same parts.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a side view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 A performance comparison diagram of an antenna with and without a metal loading sheet provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a feeding network provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 6 An amplitude diagram of each port of the feeding network in an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 7 A phase diagram of each port of the feeding network in an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 8 A performance diagram of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 9 A radiation pattern of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application at different operating frequencies.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0038] 110 - First dielectric plate; 120 - Second dielectric plate; 130 - Third dielectric plate; 140 - Feeding network; 150 - Metal via;

[0039] 111 - Radiation patch; 112 - Metal ground; 121 - Metal loading sheet;

[0040] 1401 - First feeding port; 1402 - Second feeding port; 1403 - Third feeding port; 1404 - Fourth feeding port; 1405 - Fifth feeding port; 1406 - Sixth feeding port; 1407 - Seventh feeding port; 1408 - Eighth feeding port; 1409 - Ninth feeding port;

[0041] 141 - First feeding branch; 142 - Second feeding branch; 143 - Third feeding branch; 144 - Feeding main trunk;

[0042] 1411 - First sub - feeding branch; 1412 - Second sub - feeding branch; 1413 - Third sub - feeding branch; 1414 - Fourth sub - feeding branch;

[0043] 1421 - Fifth sub - feeding branch; 1422 - Sixth sub - feeding branch; 1423 - Seventh sub - feeding branch; 1424 - Eighth sub - feeding branch;

[0044] 1431 - The ninth electron - feeding branch; 1432 - The tenth electron - feeding branch; 1433 - The eleventh electron - feeding branch; 1434 - The twelfth electron - feeding branch. Detailed implementation manners

[0045] Next, the technical solutions in the present application will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0046] In the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to represent examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design solution described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present application should not be construed as being more preferred or having more advantages than other embodiments or design solutions. Exactly speaking, using words such as "exemplary" or "for example" aims to present relevant concepts in a specific way.

[0047] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features.

[0048] It should be understood that in the description of various examples herein, the terms used are only for describing specific examples and are not intended to be restrictive. As used in the description of various examples, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0049] In the present application, "at least one" means one, two or more, and "a plurality" means more than two. "At least one (item)" or its similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single item (s) or plural item (s). For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, a - b, a - c, b - c, or a - b - c, where a, b, c can be single or multiple.

[0050] It should also be understood that in the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a sliding connection, a detachable connection, or integrated, etc.; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.

[0051] It should also be understood that the term "comprises" (also referred to as "includes", "including", "comprises" and / or "comprising") when used in this specification specifies the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0052] It should be understood that the "one embodiment", "another embodiment", and "a possible design" mentioned throughout the specification mean that specific features, structures, or characteristics related to the embodiment or implementation are included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, the "in one embodiment of the present application" or "in another embodiment of the present application", "a possible design" that appear throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner.

[0053] It should also be understood that the specific numerical values mentioned in the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific dimensions of specific features and structures. The relevant numerical values may be for illustrative convenience or the optimal theoretical values of a certain feature in theory. In practice, the relevant dimensions can be a range around this value. For example, this range can be ±10% of the optimal theoretical value, or ±20% of the optimal theoretical value, and in practice, it is subject to achieving the corresponding technical effects.

[0054] The vertical in the embodiments of the present application includes some cases similar to vertical. For example, the case where the angle between line and line, line and plane, and plane and plane is 80° to 100° can also be understood as vertical, rather than strictly limiting that the angle between the two must be 90° to be vertical. Similarly, the parallel in the embodiments of the present application also includes cases similar to parallel, that is, the case where the angle between line and line, line and plane, and plane and plane is 0° to 10° can also be understood as parallel.

[0055] The embodiments of the present application provide an antenna. Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 . Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by the embodiments of the present application. Figure 2 is a side view of an antenna provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0056] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, the antenna in the embodiment of the present application includes a first dielectric plate 110 and a second dielectric plate 120. A radiation patch 111 is provided on the first side of the first dielectric plate 110, and a metal ground 112 is provided on the second side of the first dielectric plate 110. The radiation patch 111 is connected to the feeding network 140. The radiation patch 111, the metal ground 112, and the first dielectric plate 110 form a microstrip antenna.

[0057] There is a first spacing between the second dielectric plate 120 and the first dielectric plate 110. The second dielectric plate 120 is provided on the first side of the first dielectric plate 110. That is, both the second dielectric plate 120 and the radiation patch 111 are located on the same side of the first dielectric plate 110. A metal loading patch 121 is provided on the side of the second dielectric plate 120 away from the radiation patch 111.

[0058] By setting the metal loading patch 121, the metal loading patch 121 is used to couple the energy radiated by the radiation patch 111 and re-radiate the energy, so as to achieve the effect of high gain. At the same time, the metal loading patch 121 can improve the impedance matching of the antenna, so that the entire microstrip unit realizes a relatively wide operating bandwidth.

[0059] In an embodiment of the present application, the antenna further includes a third dielectric plate 130. As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the third dielectric plate 130 is provided on the second side of the first dielectric plate 110. The third dielectric plate 130 and the second dielectric plate 120 are respectively located on both sides of the first dielectric plate 110. The third dielectric plate 130 and the first dielectric plate 110 share the metal ground 112. Among them, the feeding network 140 in the embodiment of the present application is provided on the side of the third dielectric plate 130 away from the metal ground 112. The radiation patch 111 is connected to the feeding network 140 through a metal via 150. That is, metal vias 150 are provided on both the first dielectric plate 110 and the third dielectric plate. The energy transmitted by the feeding network 140 at the bottom of the third dielectric plate 130 feeds the microstrip antenna through the metal via 150.

[0060] In an embodiment of the present application, the shape of the radiation patch 111 in the microstrip antenna can be set to a rectangle, a square, a circle, or other irregular shapes. However, in common technical solutions, the shape of the radiation patch 111 is generally set to a rectangle or a square. Correspondingly, the shape of the metal loading patch 121 can also be set to a rectangle, a square, a circle, or other irregular shapes. Among them, the shape of the metal loading patch 121 can be combined with the shape of the radiation patch 111. For example, if the radiation patch 111 is set to a square, the metal loading patch 121 can be set to a square or a circle.

[0061] In the embodiment of the present application, the shape of the metal loading piece 121 is set to be the same as that of the radiation patch 111. That is to say, the shape of the metal loading piece 121 and the shape of the radiation patch 111 are similar figures. Similar figures refer to two figures with equal corresponding angles and proportional corresponding sides. If two figures have the same shape but not necessarily the same size, then these two figures are similar.

[0062] For example, if the radiation patch 111 is rectangular, then the metal loading piece 121 is also rectangular, and the ratio of the long side of the metal loading piece 121 to the long side of the radiation patch 111 is equal to the ratio of the short side of the metal loading piece 121 to the short side of the radiation patch 111. For another example, if the radiation patch 111 is square, then the metal loading piece 121 is also square; if the radiation patch 111 is circular, then the metal loading piece 121 is also circular.

[0063] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the size of the metal loading piece 121 refers to the length size and width size of the metal loading piece 121. Similarly, the size of the radiation patch 111 refers to the length size and width size of the radiation patch 111.

[0064] In an embodiment of the present application, the ratio between the size of the metal loading piece 121 and the size of the radiation patch 111 is 0.95 to 1.05. For example, if the radiation patch 111 is rectangular, the metal loading piece 121 is also rectangular. The ratio of the long side of the metal loading piece 121 to the long side of the radiation patch 111 is 0.95 to 1.05, and the ratio of the short side of the metal loading piece 121 to the short side of the radiation patch 111 is 0.95 to 1.05, and these two ratios can be equal.

[0065] In an embodiment of the present application, the size of the metal loading piece 121 is the same as the size of the radiation patch 111, that is, the metal loading piece 121 and the radiation patch 111 have the same shape and the same size.

[0066] In an embodiment of the present application, in order to enable the metal loading piece 121 to better couple the energy radiated by the radiation patch 111 and re-radiate the energy, so as to achieve the effect of high gain. When setting the position of the metal loading piece 121, the metal loading piece 121 can be set directly opposite the radiation patch 111. The so-called direct opposite in the embodiment of the present application means that the projection of the metal loading piece 121 on the first dielectric plate 110 coincides with the radiation patch 111.

[0067] In order to test the performance improvement of the metal loading piece 121 on the microstrip antenna, performance tests are carried out on the Figure 1 shown antenna. As a control, the metal loading piece 121 in the Figure 1 shown antenna is removed to serve as a control antenna, and the performance of the two antennas under the same conditions is compared.

[0068] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 3 is a performance comparison diagram of the antenna with and without a metal loading sheet provided by the embodiment of the present application. As Figure 3 shown, Figure 3 the abscissa in Figure 3 represents the frequency at which the antenna operates, and the left ordinate in 11 represents the S Figure 3 parameter of the antenna, and the right ordinate in Figure 3 represents the gain of the antenna. The arrow on the curve in 11 indicates that the curve represents the corresponding parameter. For example, if there is an arrow pointing to the left on the curve, it means that the curve is the S Figure 1 parameter curve of the antenna; if there is an arrow pointing to the right on the curve, it means that the curve is the gain curve of the antenna. Among them, the solid line in the figure represents the S 11 parameter and gain of the antenna provided with the metal loading sheet 121 (the antenna shown in Figure 1 ), and the dashed line in the figure represents the S 11 parameter and gain of the antenna without the metal loading sheet 121 (the antenna shown in Figure 1 after removing the metal loading sheet 121).

[0069] It can be seen from Figure 3 that when the metal loading sheet 121 is not provided, the bandwidth (S 11 parameter < -10 dB) of the microstrip antenna cannot meet 5.15 - 5.875 GHz. However, after the metal loading sheet 121 is provided, the S 11 parameter of the antenna can be less than -15 dB within the bandwidth of 5.15 - 5.875 GHz, and the resonance of the microstrip antenna provided with the metal loading sheet 121 is significantly deepened. At the same time, compared with the antenna without the metal loading sheet 121, the gain of the microstrip antenna after introducing the metal loading sheet 121 is increased by about 1 dBi. Therefore, it can be shown that the antenna in the embodiment of the present application can achieve the effects of improving the gain and expanding the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna after the metal loading sheet 121 is provided.

[0070] The embodiment of the present application also provides an antenna array. Refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 which is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0071] The antenna array in the embodiment of the present application includes 9 antennas in any one of the foregoing embodiments. Among them, the 9 antennas are arranged in a 3*3 antenna array as shown in Figure 4 . As shown in Figure 4As shown, there is a second spacing between two adjacent antennas. In the embodiments of the present application, since the antennas are arranged in a 3×3 array. Therefore, it is possible to set a second spacing between two adjacent antennas in the same row, and at the same time, it is also possible to set a second spacing between two adjacent antennas in the same row.

[0072] In an embodiment of the present application, the second spacing is 0.4 to 0.6 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating center frequency of the antenna array. Preferably, the second spacing is 0.5 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating center frequency of the antenna array. For example, the second spacing between two adjacent antennas can be set to 28 mm.

[0073] It should be noted that the distance between two adjacent antennas can refer to the distance between the centers of two adjacent antennas, or the distance between the same sides of the radiation patches 111 of two adjacent antennas. When the metal loading sheet 121 of the antenna is disposed opposite to the radiation patch 111, as Figure 4 shown, it can also refer to the distance between the same sides of the metal loading sheets 121 of two adjacent antennas.

[0074] Since there is a first spacing between the first dielectric plate 110 and the second dielectric plate 120 in the antenna, therefore, in the antenna array, there is also a first spacing between the first dielectric plate 110 and the second dielectric plate 120. In the antenna array, each antenna can share the first dielectric plate 110, the second dielectric plate 120, and the third dielectric plate 130. Among them, in order to maintain the first spacing between the first dielectric plate 110 and the second dielectric plate 120, support columns, such as plastic support columns, can be provided at the four corners of the first dielectric plate 110 and the second dielectric plate 120. By controlling the height of the support columns, it is possible to effectively control the distance between the first dielectric plate 110 and the second dielectric plate 120.

[0075] In an embodiment of the present application, for convenience of description, the antennas in the first row of the 3×3 array antenna are sequentially referred to as the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna from left to right. The antennas in the second row of the 3×3 array antenna are sequentially referred to as the fourth antenna, the fifth antenna, and the sixth antenna from left to right. The antennas in the third row of the 3×3 array antenna are sequentially referred to as the seventh antenna, the eighth antenna, and the ninth antenna from left to right.

[0076] In the embodiments of the present application, the feeding network 140 is used to feed the antennas. Correspondingly, the antenna array includes 9 antennas, and the feeding network 140 corresponding to the antenna array also includes 9 feeding ports. For convenience of description, the feeding network 140 includes a first feeding port 1401, a second feeding port 1402, a third feeding port 1403, a fourth feeding port 1404, a fifth feeding port 1405, a sixth feeding port 1406, a seventh feeding port 1407, an eighth feeding port 1408, and a ninth feeding port 1409.

[0077] Among them, the first feeding port 1401, the second feeding port 1402, and the third feeding port 1403 are used to feed the antennas in the first row of the antenna array in sequence. That is, the first feeding port 1401 is used to feed the first antenna, the second feeding port 1402 is used to feed the second antenna, and the third feeding port 1403 is used to feed the third antenna.

[0078] The fourth feeding port 1404, the fifth feeding port 1405, and the sixth feeding port 1406 are used to feed the antennas in the second row of the antenna array in sequence. That is, the fourth feeding port 1404 is used to feed the fourth antenna, the fifth feeding port 1405 is used to feed the fifth antenna, and the sixth feeding port 1406 is used to feed the sixth antenna.

[0079] The seventh feeding port 1407, the eighth feeding port 1408, and the ninth feeding port 1409 are used to feed the antennas in the third row of the antenna array in sequence. That is, the seventh feeding port 1407 is used to feed the seventh antenna, the eighth feeding port 1408 is used to feed the eighth antenna, and the ninth feeding port 1409 is used to feed the ninth antenna.

[0080] In the embodiment of the present application, the output power ratio among the first feeding port 1401, the second feeding port 1402, the third feeding port 1403, the fourth feeding port 1404, the fifth feeding port 1405, the sixth feeding port 1406, the seventh feeding port 1407, the eighth feeding port 1408, and the ninth feeding port 1409 is: 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1.

[0081] Moreover, in the embodiment of the present application, the phases of the signals output by the first feeding port 1401, the second feeding port 1402, the third feeding port 1403, the fourth feeding port 1404, the fifth feeding port 1405, the sixth feeding port 1406, the seventh feeding port 1407, the eighth feeding port 1408, and the ninth feeding port 1409 are all equal.

[0082] To achieve the effects of the feeding network 140 in the above embodiment, a feeding network 140 provided by the embodiment of the present application is referred to Figure 5 , Figure 5 which is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding network provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0083] As Figure 5As shown, the feeding network 140 includes a feeding main trunk 144. One end of the feeding main trunk 144 is connected to the input port, and the other end of the feeding main trunk 144 is evenly divided into two, forming two feeding branches. The two feeding branches are respectively evenly divided into two again, forming a total of four feeding branches. That is, the feeding main trunk 144 is evenly divided into four feeding branches. Among the four feeding branches, one feeding branch on the side is the first feeding branch 141, the two feeding branches in the middle are combined into one, and the second feeding branch 142 is formed. One feeding branch on the other side is the third feeding branch 143.

[0084] After the energy is fed into the input port, the feeding main trunk 144 is divided into two feeding branches through a one-to-two division, and the two feeding branches are divided into two again, and thus can be divided into four feeding branches. Among them, the two feeding branches in the middle are combined at the center of the feeding network 140. Since the amplitudes and phases of the two-way energy are equal, they will be superimposed on the middle branch. Finally, after two one-to-two divisions and one two-in-one combination at the input port, the first feeding branch 141, the second feeding branch 142, and the third feeding branch 143 are formed, and their phases are equal, and the power ratio is 1:2:1.

[0085] According to the same method, the first feeding branch 141 is evenly divided into two feeding sub-branches, and the two feeding sub-branches are respectively evenly divided into two again, forming a total of four feeding sub-branches. That is, the first feeding branch 141 is evenly divided into the first feeding sub-branch 1411, the second feeding sub-branch 1412, the third feeding sub-branch 1413, and the fourth feeding sub-branch 1414. Among them, the first feeding sub-branch 1411 is connected to the first feeding port 1401, the second feeding sub-branch 1412 and the third feeding sub-branch 1413 are combined into one, and after combination, they are connected to the second feeding port 1402, and the fourth feeding sub-branch 1414 is connected to the third feeding port 1403.

[0086] Since the amplitudes and phases of the energy of each feeding sub-branch are equal, the second feeding sub-branch 1412 and the third feeding sub-branch 1413 will be superimposed after being combined into one. The power ratio among the first port, the second port, and the third port is 1:2:1.

[0087] Based on the same method, the second feeding branch 142 is evenly divided into two feeding sub-branches, and the two feeding sub-branches are respectively evenly divided into two again, forming a total of four feeding sub-branches.

[0088] That is, the second feeding branch 142 is evenly divided into a fifth feeding sub-branch 1421, a sixth feeding sub-branch 1422, a seventh feeding sub-branch 1423, and an eighth feeding sub-branch 1424. Among them, the fifth feeding sub-branch 1421 is connected to the fourth feeding port 1404, the sixth feeding sub-branch 1422 and the seventh feeding sub-branch 1423 are combined into one, and after combination, they are connected to the fifth feeding port 1405, and the eighth feeding sub-branch 1424 is connected to the sixth feeding port 1406.

[0089] Since the amplitude and phase of the energy of each feeding sub-branch are equal, the sixth feeding sub-branch 1422 and the seventh feeding sub-branch 1423 will be superimposed after being combined into one. The power ratio among the fourth port, the fifth port, and the sixth port is 1:2:1.

[0090] Based on the same method, the third feeding branch 143 is evenly divided into two, forming two feeding sub-branches, and the two feeding sub-branches are respectively evenly divided into two again, forming a total of four feeding sub-branches. That is, the third feeding branch 143 is evenly divided into a ninth feeding sub-branch 1431, a tenth feeding sub-branch 1432, an eleventh feeding sub-branch 1433, and a twelfth feeding sub-branch 1434. Among them, the ninth feeding sub-branch 1431 is connected to the seventh feeding port 1407, the tenth feeding sub-branch 1432 and the eleventh feeding sub-branch 1433 are combined into one, and after combination, they are connected to the eighth feeding port 1408, and the twelfth feeding sub-branch 1434 is connected to the ninth feeding port 1409.

[0091] Since the amplitude and phase of the energy of each feeding sub-branch are equal, the tenth feeding sub-branch 1432 and the eleventh feeding sub-branch 1433 will be superimposed after being combined into one. The power ratio among the seventh port, the eighth port, and the ninth port is 1:2:1.

[0092] Since the power ratio of the first feeding branch 141, the second feeding branch 142, and the third feeding branch 143 is 1:2:1, in the embodiments of the present application, the output power ratio among the first feeding port 1401, the second feeding port 1402, the third feeding port 1403, the fourth feeding port 1404, the fifth feeding port 1405, the sixth feeding port 1406, the seventh feeding port 1407, the eighth feeding port 1408, and the ninth feeding port 1409 is: 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1. And, the phases of the signals of each feeding port are equal.

[0093] It should be noted that as Figure 5 shown, the lengths of the feeding lines from the feeding main trunk 144 to each port are equal.

[0094] Refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 ,Figure 6 The amplitude diagram of each port of the feeding network in an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 7 The phase diagram of each port of the feeding network in an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application. Among them, port 1, port 2, port 3, port 4, port 5, port 6, port 7, port 8, and port 9 in the figure respectively correspond to the first feeding port 1401, the second feeding port 1402, the third feeding port 1403, the fourth feeding port 1404, the fifth feeding port 1405, the sixth feeding port 1406, the seventh feeding port 1407, the eighth feeding port 1408, and the ninth feeding port 1409 in the embodiment of the present application.

[0095] According to Figure 6 As can be seen from the amplitude diagram of the feeding network 140 shown, the S parameter of port 5 (the fifth feeding port 1405) is about -6 dB, which is relatively close to the theoretical power value of -6 dB. The S parameters of port 2 (the second feeding port 1402), port 4 (the fourth feeding port 1404), port 6 (the sixth feeding port 1406), and port 8 (the eighth feeding port 1408) are about -9.5 dB, which is relatively close to the theoretical power value of -9 dB. The S parameters of port 1 (the first feeding port 1401), port 3 (the third feeding port 1403), port 7 (the seventh feeding port 1407), and port 9 (the ninth feeding port 1409) are about -13 dB, and the theoretical power value is -12 dB. This is due to the transmission loss of the microstrip antenna itself and is within an acceptable range.

[0096] According to Figure 7 As can be seen from the phase diagram of the feeding network 140 shown, the phase difference between each port is within 4°, indicating that the phases between each port are basically equal. According to Figure 6 As can be seen from the amplitude diagram of the feeding network 140 shown and Figure 7 the phase diagram shown, the feeding network 140 adopted in the embodiment of the present application has good performance and can feed the microstrip antenna well.

[0097] In an embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 8 , Figure 8 is the performance diagram of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 8 shown,[[]]END]] Figure 8 the abscissa in Figure 8 represents the frequency at which the antenna array operates, 11 the left ordinate in Figure 8 represents the S

[0098] As Figure 8 shown, the operating bandwidth of the antenna array (S 11The relative bandwidth of the parameter (<-10 dB corresponding frequency band) is 18.9% (about 5.03 GHz – about 6.08 GHz), and within the bandwidth of 5.15 GHz - 5.875 GHz, S 11 parameter is less than -15 dB. Meanwhile, the gain of the antenna array is 15.8 ± 0.6 dBi, and the gain is relatively stable. Therefore, the antenna array in the embodiment of the present application achieves the effect of wideband high gain.

[0099] In an embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 9 , Figure 9 is the radiation pattern of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application at different operating frequencies. As Figure 9 shown, Figure 9 in (a) represents the radiation pattern of the antenna array operating at 5.2 GHz, Figure 9 in (b) represents the radiation pattern of the antenna array operating at 5.4 GHz, Figure 9 in (c) represents the radiation pattern of the antenna array operating at 5.6 GHz, Figure 9 in (d) represents the radiation pattern of the antenna array operating at 5.8 GHz.

[0100] As Figure 9 shown, the side lobes of the radiation pattern of the antenna array at different operating frequencies are all less than -20 dB. That is, in the embodiment of the present application, by adopting non-uniform feeding for the microstrip antenna array and controlling the excitation phases of each antenna in the microstrip antenna array to be equal, the side lobes of the radiation pattern of the antenna array are all less than -20 dB, indicating that the antenna array achieves the effect of low side lobes.

[0101] In an embodiment of the present application, a terminal device is further provided, and the terminal device includes the antenna in any of the above embodiments, or includes the antenna array in any of the above embodiments.

[0102] In an embodiment of the present application, a vehicle is further provided, including the terminal device in the above embodiment.

[0103] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present application, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

[0104] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0105] Although the preferred embodiments of the embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they learn the basic creative concepts. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application includes the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0106] In this article, specific examples are used to elaborate on the working principles and implementation manners of the antenna, antenna array, terminal device, and vehicle of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the specific settings and core ideas of the present application; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation manners and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0107] The above content is only the specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be covered by the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that: include: A first dielectric plate, having a first side and a second side opposite to each other, the first side being provided with a radiation patch, the second side being provided with a metal ground, the radiation patch being connected to a feeding network; The second dielectric plate is arranged on a first side of the first dielectric plate and has a first distance between the second dielectric plate and the first dielectric plate. A metal loading plate is arranged on a side of the second dielectric plate away from the radiation patch.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that Also includes: A third dielectric plate is disposed on the second side of the first dielectric plate, and the third dielectric plate and the first dielectric plate share the metal ground; The feeding network is arranged on a side of the third dielectric plate away from the metal ground, and the radiation patch is connected to the feeding network through a metal via.

3. The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The shape of the radiation patch is rectangular, square or circular, and the shape of the metal loading sheet is the same as that of the radiation patch.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ratio between the size of the metal loading sheet and the size of the radiation patch is 0.95 to 1.

05.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The size of the metal loading sheet is the same as that of the radiation patch.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that The metal loading sheet is arranged opposite to the radiation patch.

7. An antenna array, characterized in that: It comprises nine antennas as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the nine antennas are arranged in a 3*3 array.

8. The antenna array according to claim 7, characterized in that: There is a second spacing between two adjacent antennas, and the second spacing is 0.4 to 0.6 times the wavelength corresponding to the working center frequency of the antenna array.

9. The antenna array according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second spacing is 0.5 times the wavelength corresponding to the working center frequency of the antenna array.

10. The antenna array according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The feed network includes a first feed port, a second feed port, a third feed port, a fourth feed port, a fifth feed port, a sixth feed port, a seventh feed port, an eighth feed port and a ninth feed port; The first feeding port, the second feeding port and the third feeding port sequentially feed the antennas in the first row of the antenna array; The fourth feeding port, the fifth feeding port and the sixth feeding port sequentially feed the antennas in the second row of the antenna array; The seventh feeding port, the eighth feeding port and the ninth feeding port sequentially feed the antennas in the third row of the antenna array; An output power ratio between the first feeding port, the second feeding port, the third feeding port, the fourth feeding port, the fifth feeding port, the sixth feeding port, the seventh feeding port, the eighth feeding port and the ninth feeding port is: 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:

1.

11. The antenna array according to claim 10, characterized in that: The phases of signals outputted by the first feeding port, the second feeding port, the third feeding port, the fourth feeding port, the fifth feeding port, the sixth feeding port, the seventh feeding port, the eighth feeding port and the ninth feeding port are all equal.

12. The antenna array according to claim 11, characterized in that: The feed network comprises a feed trunk, wherein the feed trunk is divided into four feed branches, one of which is a first feed branch, two of which are combined to form a second feed branch, and another of which is a third feed branch; The first feeding branch is divided into a first feeding sub-branch, a second feeding sub-branch, a third feeding sub-branch and a fourth feeding sub-branch, the first feeding sub-branch is connected to the first feeding port, the second feeding sub-branch and the third feeding sub-branch are combined and connected to the second feeding port, and the fourth feeding sub-branch is connected to the third feeding port; The second feeding branch is divided into a fifth feeding sub-branch, a sixth feeding sub-branch, a seventh feeding sub-branch and an eighth feeding sub-branch, the fifth feeding sub-branch is connected to the fourth feeding port, the sixth feeding sub-branch and the seventh feeding sub-branch are combined and connected to the fifth feeding port, and the eighth feeding sub-branch is connected to the sixth feeding port; The third feeding branch is divided into a ninth feeding sub-branch, a tenth feeding sub-branch, an eleventh feeding sub-branch and a twelfth feeding sub-branch, the ninth feeding sub-branch is connected to the seventh feeding port, the tenth feeding sub-branch and the eleventh feeding sub-branch are combined and connected to the eighth feeding port, and the twelfth feeding sub-branch is connected to the ninth feeding port.

13. A terminal device, characterized in that: The invention comprises the antenna described in any one of claims 1 to 6, or comprises the antenna array described in any one of claims 7 to 12.

14. A vehicle, characterized in that: Including the terminal device described in claim 13.

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