Machine for forcibly feeding, crushing and returning rice stubbles to field
By designing a forced feeding and crushing machine for rice stubble, a double helix feeding paddle, a crushing device with a combination of knives and an adjustable spreading device, the problem of poor accumulation and crushing quality of traditional machines when dealing with rice straw is solved, and efficient return operations and soil improvement are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420789451.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-20
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-04-16
AI Technical Summary
When dealing with rice straw, traditional rice stubble crushing and field return machines face problems such as straw accumulation, congestion, insufficient feeding or straw residue, and the crushing quality is poor, which affects the effect of field return.
A forced feeding and crushing machine for rice stubble was designed, using a double helix feeding paddle, a crushing device with a combination of a knives and an adjustable throwing device to achieve effective feeding, even crushing and even throwing of rice stubble.
It improves the efficiency of returning rice straw to the fields, improves soil quality, reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers, and achieves the dual improvement of farmland ecological and economic benefits.
Smart Images
Figure CN222997062U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a rice stubble crushing and returning device. Background Art
[0002] As the first major staple food crop in China, the annual planting area of rice is more than 30 million hectares. In traditional agricultural production, rice straw is usually regarded as a by-product, and its treatment methods mainly include burning, compaction or direct discard, and the input rate in the processing and recycling links such as fuel, fertilizer, and feed is only about 33%. This treatment method not only wastes a large amount of biomass resources, but also causes environmental pollution and soil quality decline. With the development of agricultural mechanization, the mechanized straw returning technology has gradually attracted attention. At present, some straw crushing and returning machines on the market often face the problems of straw accumulation and congestion when dealing with rice straw. Especially when the straw density is large or there are many lodging cases, the machine operation is blocked. Secondly, there will be insufficient feeding or straw residue during the feeding process, which seriously affects the operation efficiency. In addition, the traditional equipment also has deficiencies in the crushing quality, and cannot effectively crush the straw into fine particles, affecting the effect of straw returning to the field. These problems reflect the limitations in the design of traditional straw crushing and returning machines, and the simple mechanical structure is difficult to cope with complex operation environments and crop growth states. Therefore, in view of these problems, it is particularly important to develop a new type of rice stubble forced feeding and crushing and returning machine. The utility model aims to improve the efficiency of rice straw returning to the field, improve the soil quality, reduce the dependence of agricultural production on chemical fertilizers, and achieve the dual improvement of farmland ecology and economic benefits through the innovative design of the feeding device, crushing device and spreading device. Summary of the Utility Model
[0003] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0004] The main purpose of the present utility model is to provide a rice stubble crushing and returning device, which can effectively solve the problems in the background art. To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present utility model is as follows:
[0005] A rice stubble forced feeding and pulverizing returning machine to the field, comprising a feeding device, a pulverizing device, a spreading device, a suspension device, a machine shell, a ground wheel and a transmission system; the feeding device is installed below the suspension device and includes a feeding shaft, on which a number of paddle seats are fixed, and each paddle seat is provided with a paddle; the pulverizing device is installed inside the machine shell and is located at the rear of the returning machine to the field, and includes a pulverizing knife shaft, a combined moving knife, a knife seat, a fixed knife plate and a fixed knife blade. The combined moving knife is connected to the pulverizing knife shaft through the knife seat, the fixed knife blade is installed on the fixed knife plate, and the fixed knife is located above the combined moving knife; the spreading device is located above the pulverizing device and includes a deflector plate, on one side of which a guide vane adjusting device is connected and on the other side a guide vane is installed; the suspension device is located in front of the returning machine to the field and above the gearbox and includes a suspension and a tractor fixing frame. The tractor fixing frame is located in front of the gearbox, and the suspension is located on the gearbox; the transmission system is located on both sides and above the machine shell and includes a gearbox, a feeding transmission shaft, a pulverizing transmission shaft, a pulverizing transmission belt pulley, a feeding transmission belt pulley. The pulverizing transmission belt pulley is installed inside the pulverizing belt pulley dust cover, and the feeding transmission belt pulley is installed inside the feeding transmission dust cover.
[0006] Further, the paddles of the feeding device are installed on the paddle seats of the feeding shaft by hinges.
[0007] Further, the combined moving knives in the pulverizing device are arranged in a double helix pattern so that the force is evenly distributed when the pulverizing knife shaft rotates, maintaining dynamic balance, reducing the vibration and loss of the returning machine to the field.
[0008] Further, the combined moving knives of the pulverizing device are fixed on the pulverizing knife shaft through the knife seats, and the fixed knife blades are fixed on the fixed knife plates through hinges, and the function is to pulverize the rice straw entering the inside of the machine shell and discharge it.
[0009] Further, the deflector plate of the spreading device is welded to the machine shell through the guide vane, and the guide vane adjusting device adjusts the angle of the guide vane to control the spreading angle and uniformity of the straw.
[0010] Further, the suspension device is installed on the support beam by bolt connection, and its function is to hang the rice stubble forced feeding and pulverizing returning machine to the field on the tractor tail through the three-point suspension method.
[0011] Further, the ground wheel is installed behind the machine shell, and its function is to adjust the distance between the tip of the combined moving knife and the soil during pulverization and support the walking of the rice stubble forced feeding and pulverizing returning machine to the field.
[0012] Further, the feeding device is connected to the feeding transmission shaft through the feeding transmission belt pulley, and the pulverizing device is connected to the pulverizing transmission shaft through the pulverizing transmission belt pulley.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are:
[0014] 1. The paddles of the feeding device are arranged in a double helix, and the end of the paddle is designed to match the serrations of the rice stems, which increases the contact area between the rice stubble and rice straw and the paddles. As the paddy return machine moves forward, the feeding shaft drives the paddles to rotate. The motion trajectory of the paddles is a long-amplitude cycloid synthesized by the circular motion around the feeding shaft and the forward motion of the paddy return machine, which realizes the effective feeding of the rice stubble while improving the feeding performance and stability.
[0015] 2. The combined moving blade of the crushing device adopts a combination of 2 L-shaped blades and 1 straight blade. The combined moving blade adopts a double helix arrangement, and the combined moving blade and the fixed blade are arranged alternately. The rice straw is crushed into small segments or fibers after multiple shearing, hitting, tearing and rubbing by the combined moving blade and the fixed blade, and then moves to the discharge port of the casing under the action of the airflow and centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the crushing blade shaft. The double helix arrangement can make the crushing blade shaft evenly stressed when rotating, maintain dynamic balance, and reduce the vibration and loss of the field return machine.
[0016] 3. The guide blade of the spreading device is designed in the shape of an L-shaped steel plate, one side of which is used for diversion and the other side is fixed on the guide plate and connected to the guide blade adjustment device through a pin shaft. The left and right synchronous adjustment of the guide blade can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions. The crushed straw is evenly spread on the surface under the diversion effect of the guide blade to achieve the effect of returning to the field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of part of the rice stubble crushing and returning machine of the utility model;
[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the rice stubble crushing and returning machine of the utility model;
[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the combined moving blade structure of the rice stubble crushing and returning machine of the utility model;
[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed blade mechanism structure of the rice stubble crushing and returning machine of the utility model;
[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feeding device of the rice stubble crushing and returning machine of the utility model;
[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spreading device of the rice stubble crushing and returning machine of the utility model;
[0023] In the figure: 1. Feeding device; 11. Feeding shaft; 12. Paddle; 13. Paddle seat; 2. Crushing device; 21. Crushing shaft; 22. Combined moving knife; 23. Knife seat; 24. Fixed knife plate; 25. Fixed knife blade; 3. Spreading device; 31. Deflector; 32. Guide vane; 33. Guide vane adjusting device; 4. Suspension device; 41. Tractor fixing frame; 42. Suspension; 5. Curved housing; 6. Ground wheel; 7. Transmission system; 71. Gearbox; 72. Feeding transmission shaft; 73. Crushing transmission shaft; 74. Crushing belt pulley; 75. Feeding belt pulley; 76. Crushing belt pulley dust cover; 77. Feeding transmission dust cover. Detailed implementation mode
[0024] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and effects realized by the present utility model easy to understand, the present utility model will be further elaborated below in combination with the overall machine structure, working principle, and the movement and mechanical analysis of each component.
[0025] See Figure 1 , the overall structure of the rice stubble forced feeding and crushing returning machine includes a feeding device 1, a crushing device 2, a spreading device 3, a suspension device 4, a housing 5, a ground wheel 6 and a transmission system 7. The feeding device 1 includes a feeding shaft 11 and a paddle 12 fixed through a paddle seat 13. The rotation of the feeding shaft 11 drives the paddle 12 to do circular motion, straighten the toppled rice stubble, and feed the rice straw piled up in front of the returning machine into the housing; the crushing device 2 includes a fixed knife device composed of fixed knife blades 25 hinged on a fixed knife plate 24 and a moving knife device fixed on a crushing knife shaft 21 through a knife seat 23. The crushing knife shaft 21 rotates at a high speed driven by the crushing transmission shaft 73, increasing the flow rate of the gas in the housing, reducing the air pressure and generating a suction force on the straw. After being sheared, struck, torn and kneaded by the combined moving knife 22 and the fixed knife 24 for many times, the rice straw is crushed into small segments or fibrous shapes and moves to the discharge port of the housing under the action of the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed movement of the high-speed rotating crushing knife shaft 21; the spreading device 3 guides the rice stubble at the discharge port through the guide vanes 32 and throws it out along the arc-shaped blades to complete the returning operation; the suspension device 4 is connected to the tail of the tractor by a three-point suspension method through a tractor fixing frame 42 to realize walking. The ground wheel 6 is used to adjust the distance between the crushing tool 22 and the soil to change the stubble height of the rice.
[0026] In this embodiment, the machine is connected to the tail of the tractor through the suspension device 4, and the power of the tractor drives the feeding shaft 11 and the crushing knife shaft 21 to rotate through the gearbox 71.
[0027] In this embodiment, the paddle 12 of the feeding device is hingedly mounted on the paddle seat 13 of the feeding shaft. The feeding shaft 11 drives the paddle 12 to rotate, and the motion trajectory of the paddle 12 is a long-amplitude cycloid. The speed and rotation radius of the feeding shaft 11 can be selected according to the operation requirements.
[0028] In this embodiment, when the scattering device 3 scatters the rice stubble, the guide blades 32 can be used to adjust the rice stubble projection angle according to the operation effect, thereby improving the coverage uniformity and the quality of returning the straw to the field.
[0029] When the utility model is in use, the rice stubble forced feeding crushing and returning machine is hung on the tractor by a three-point suspension. The power of the tractor power output shaft drives the feeding shaft 11 to rotate at a low speed after being decelerated twice by the gearbox 71. As the tractor moves forward, the paddle 12 on the feeding shaft 11 straightens the rice stubble that is piled up in front of the returning machine and forcefully feeds the rice straw into the casing. At the same time, the power of the tractor power output shaft drives the crushing blade shaft 21 to rotate at a high speed after being accelerated twice by the gearbox 71, which increases the flow rate of the gas in the casing, reduces the air pressure, and generates suction on the straw. The rice straw is crushed into small segments or fibers after being sheared, struck, torn and rubbed by the combined moving blade 22 and the fixed blade 24 for many times. The crushed water straw moves to the discharge port of the casing under the action of the airflow and centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the crushing blade shaft 21, and then is guided by the guide blade 32, thrown along the arc blade, and evenly scattered on the surface to complete the returning operation.
[0030] It should be noted that the utility model is a rice stubble forced feeding crushing and returning machine, which aims to provide a reference mechanical structure for crushing and utilizing rice stubble after harvest. Researchers can conduct research on the feeding device, crushing device, spreading device and other structures based on it.
[0031] The above disclosure is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A rice stubble forced feeding crushing and returning machine, characterized in that: The invention comprises a feeding device (1), a crushing device (2), a scattering device (3), a suspension device (4), a casing (5), a ground wheel (6) and a transmission system (7); the feeding device (1) is installed below the suspension device (4), and comprises a feeding shaft (11); a plurality of paddle seats (13) are fixed on the feeding shaft (11); each paddle seat (13) is installed with a paddle (12); the crushing device (2) is installed in the casing (5) and is located behind the field return machine, and comprises a crushing blade shaft (21), a combined moving blade (22), a blade seat (23), a fixed blade plate (24) and a fixed blade (25); the combined moving blade (22) is connected to the crushing blade shaft (21) through the blade seat (23); the fixed blade (25) is installed on the fixed blade plate (24); the fixed blade plate (24) is located above the combined moving blade (22); the scattering device (11) is installed below the suspension device (4), and comprises a feeding shaft (11); a plurality of paddle seats (13) are fixed on the feeding shaft (11); each paddle seat (13) is installed with a paddle (12); the crushing device (2) is installed in the casing (5) and is located behind the field return machine; the crushing device (2) comprises a crushing blade shaft (21), a combined moving blade (22), a blade seat (23), a fixed blade plate (24) and a fixed blade (25); the combined moving blade (22) is connected to the crushing blade shaft (21) through the blade seat (23); the fixed blade (25) is installed on the fixed blade plate (24); the fixed blade plate (24) is located above the combined moving blade (22); 3) is located above the crushing device (2), including a guide plate (31), one side of the guide plate is connected to a guide blade adjustment device (33), and the other side is installed with a guide blade (32); the suspension device (4) is located in front of the field return machine and above the gearbox (71), including a suspension (41) and a tractor fixing frame (42), the tractor fixing frame (42) is located in front of the gearbox (71), and the suspension (41) is located on the gearbox (71); the transmission system (7) is located on both sides and above the casing (5), including a gearbox (71), a feeding transmission shaft (72), a crushing transmission shaft (73), a crushing transmission pulley (74), and a feeding transmission pulley (75), the crushing transmission pulley (74) is installed inside the crushing pulley dust cover (76), and the feeding transmission pulley (75) is installed inside the feeding transmission dust cover (77).
2. The rice stubble forced feeding crushing and returning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The paddle (12) of the feeding device (1) is hingedly connected to the paddle seat (13).
3. The rice stubble forced feeding crushing and returning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combined movable blades (22) in the pulverizing device (2) are arranged in a double helix.
4. The rice stubble forced feeding crushing and returning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combined movable knife (22) of the pulverizing device (2) is fixed to the pulverizing knife shaft (21) via the knife seat (23), and the fixed knife blade (25) is fixed to the fixed knife plate (24) via a hinge.
5. The rice stubble forced feeding crushing and returning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide plate (31) of the scattering device (3) is welded to the casing (5) via a guide blade (32), and the guide blade adjustment device (33) adjusts the angle of the guide blade (32) to control the scattering angle and uniformity of the straw.
6. The rice stubble forced feeding crushing and returning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suspension device (4) is installed on the support beam by bolt connection, and its function is to force the rice stubble to be fed into the crushing and returning machine to be hung on the rear of the tractor by means of three-point suspension.
7. The rice stubble forced feeding crushing and returning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground wheel (6) is installed at the rear of the machine housing (5) and its function is to adjust the distance between the tip of the combined moving knife (22) and the soil when the combined moving knife (22) is crushing and to support the movement of the rice stubble forced feeding crushing and returning machine.
8. The rice stubble forced feeding crushing and returning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding device (1) is connected to the feeding transmission shaft (72) via a feeding transmission belt wheel (75), and the pulverizing device (2) is connected to the pulverizing transmission shaft (73) via a pulverizing transmission belt wheel (74).