Air cylinder structure and engine

Abstract

The utility model discloses an air cylinder structure and an engine. The air cylinder structure comprises a cylinder body and a cylinder cover, and the cylinder cover comprises an air inlet end; the cylinder body comprises an exhaust end, the cylinder cover is arranged on the cylinder body, and an airflow channel communicated with the air inlet end and the exhaust end is formed between the cylinder cover and the cylinder body; the spark plug is arranged on the cylinder cover and located between the communicating positions of the airflow channel and the exhaust end. The oil nozzle is adjacent to the spark plug; an interval exists between the spark plug and an output port of the oil nozzle, and the orientation of the spark plug and the orientation of the output port of the oil nozzle are arranged at an included angle. The spark plug and the output port of the oil nozzle are arranged at an interval, and the included angle is formed between the direction of the spark plug and the direction of the output port of the oil nozzle, so that high-pressure fuel oil is jetted towards the spark plug to improve the ignition rate, and meanwhile, the relative position of the exhaust end is designed, so that heat can be dispersed and discharged in time through an airflow channel; and after switching between two strokes and four strokes, the exhaust efficiency can be well adapted and ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of engines, and particularly relates to a cylinder structure and an engine. Background Art

[0002] A reciprocating piston engine can switch between two-stroke and four-stroke after being provided with an exhaust-end shifting mechanism. An injector and a spark plug for ignition are provided in the upper part of the cylinder structure. In the related art, the injector is usually arranged adjacent to the spark plug. When relatively lean mixture fuel is injected, the ignition condition of the cylinder structure is reduced at this time, and it may affect the normal operation of the reciprocating piston engine. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. For this reason, the present application provides a cylinder structure, which can improve the ignition rate by spraying high-pressure fuel oil mist towards the spark plug on the basis of simplifying the structural design, and ensure that the reciprocating engine can well adapt and ensure the exhaust efficiency after facing different working conditions and switching between two-stroke and four-stroke.

[0004] The present application also provides an engine including the above cylinder structure.

[0005] The cylinder structure according to the first aspect embodiment of the present application includes:

[0006] A cylinder head including an intake end;

[0007] A cylinder block including an exhaust end, the cylinder head is arranged on the cylinder block, and an air flow channel communicating with the intake end and the exhaust end respectively is formed between the cylinder head and the cylinder block;

[0008] A spark plug arranged on the cylinder head and located between the communication of the air flow channel and the exhaust end;

[0009] An injector arranged adjacent to the spark plug on the cylinder head, and the injector is used for injecting fuel;

[0010] Wherein, the exhaust end is located below the spark plug and the injector relative to the spark plug, there is a preset distance interval between the spark plug and the output port of the injector, and a preset included angle is set between the orientation of the spark plug and the orientation of the output port of the injector.

[0011] The cylinder structure according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application has at least the following beneficial effects: By arranging the output ports of the spark plug and the fuel injector at intervals and setting a preset included angle between the orientation of the spark plug and the orientation of the output port of the fuel injector, the high-pressure fuel is sprayed towards the spark plug to improve the ignition rate. At the same time, the relative position of the exhaust end is designed, so that the heat can be dispersed and removed in time in cooperation with the air flow channel. On the basis of simplifying the structural design, it is ensured that the engine can well adapt and ensure the exhaust efficiency when facing different working conditions and switching between two-stroke and four-stroke.

[0012] In the cylinder structure according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, the intake end is located above the exhaust end and is arranged opposite to each other left and right, and the fuel injector and the exhaust end are arranged on a side relatively close to the spark plug.

[0013] In the cylinder structure according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, the fuel injector is arranged horizontally and the spark plug is arranged vertically, so that the included angle between the orientation of the output port of the fuel injector and the axis of the spark plug is 90°.

[0014] In the cylinder structure according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, the exhaust end is inclined downward in a direction relatively far from the spark plug.

[0015] In the cylinder structure according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, the cylinder structure further includes:

[0016] A piston component, which is arranged in the cylinder body and reciprocates in the air flow channel;

[0017] A one-way intake valve, which is arranged in the cylinder head. When the difference between the air pressure in the cylinder body and the external air pressure reaches a preset value, the one-way intake valve can make the gas conduct unidirectionally along the direction from the intake end to the cylinder body;

[0018] At least one exhaust mechanism, the number of exhaust ends corresponds to the number of exhaust mechanisms. The exhaust mechanism includes a first rail wheel assembly and an exhaust component. The first rail wheel assembly has a first rail groove, and the exhaust component is slidably arranged in the first rail groove, so that the first rail wheel assembly can drive the exhaust component to move along the track line of the first rail groove by rotation and open or close the exhaust end at a specific time.

[0019] According to the cylinder structure described in the embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the exhaust mechanism further includes a second track wheel assembly and a shifting component. The second track wheel assembly has a second track groove, and the shifting component is used to switch the cooperation between the exhaust component and the first track wheel assembly or the second track wheel assembly, so that the exhaust component can move along the trajectory line of the first track groove or the second track groove and open or close the exhaust end at a specific time.

[0020] According to the cylinder structure described in the embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the exhaust mechanism further includes a track wheel shift sensor and an engine control unit. The track wheel shift sensor is used to obtain the track wheel switching information of the shifting component, and the engine control unit is configured to be able to receive the track wheel switching information of the track wheel shift sensor and be able to control the fuel injection amount of the fuel injector according to the track wheel switching information.

[0021] According to the cylinder structure described in the embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the exhaust mechanism includes a first rotating shaft and a shaft sleeve. The first rotating shaft is rotatably arranged, and the first track wheel assembly and the second track wheel assembly are spaced apart and slidably arranged on the first rotating shaft through the shaft sleeve in synchronization. The exhaust component includes a first pin shaft, a second pin shaft and a rocker arm assembly. The first pin shaft is arranged on one side surface of the rocker arm assembly, and the second pin shaft is arranged on the opposite side surface of the rocker arm assembly. The rocker arm assembly is located between the first track wheel assembly and the second track wheel assembly and is used to open or close the exhaust end. The shifting component is used to drive the first track wheel assembly and the second track wheel assembly to move axially along the first rotating shaft in synchronization, so that the first pin shaft can cooperate with the first track groove, or the second pin shaft can cooperate with the second track groove.

[0022] According to the cylinder structure described in the embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, an intake air guide cover structure is provided between the intake end and the one-way intake valve. The intake air guide cover structure is used to enable the gas at the intake end to flow to the one-way intake valve at a preset angle. The one-way intake valve is arranged in the air flow channel. The one-way intake valve includes a valve port that opens obliquely downward toward the intake end. The top of the piston component is provided with an inclined surface pointing to the exhaust end. The inclined surface and the valve port are used to cooperate with the air flow channel to form a circulating channel for exhaust.

[0023] An engine according to the embodiments of the second aspect of the present application includes: the cylinder structure described in the embodiments of the first aspect of the present application.

[0024] It is not difficult to understand that the engine in the embodiments of the second aspect of the present application has the technical effects of the cylinder structure in the embodiments of the first aspect as described above, and thus will not be elaborated here.

[0025] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the following description, become apparent in part from the following description, or be learned through the practice of the present application. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0026] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments;

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the exhaust mechanism in the embodiment of the present application being set as a single cylinder - single rail wheel;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the exhaust mechanism in the embodiment of the present application being set as a multi - cylinder - single rail wheel;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the exhaust mechanism in the embodiment of the present application being set as a single cylinder - double rail wheel;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the exhaust mechanism in the embodiment of the present application being set as a double cylinder - double rail wheel.

[0032] Reference Signs:

[0033] 100, cylinder block; 110, exhaust end; 120, piston component; 121, inclined surface; 130, air flow channel;

[0034] 200, spark plug;

[0035] 300, fuel injector;

[0036] 400, one - way intake valve;

[0037] 500, exhaust mechanism; 510, first rail wheel assembly; 511, first rail groove; 520, second rail wheel assembly; 521, second rail groove; 530, shift component; 540, exhaust component; 541, first pin shaft; 542, second pin shaft; 543, rocker arm assembly; 550, first rotating shaft; 560, bushing;

[0038] 600, rail wheel shift sensor;

[0039] 700, engine control unit;

[0040] 800, cylinder head; 810, intake end; 820, intake air deflector structure. Detailed Embodiments

[0041] Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0042] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that for the orientation description, such as the orientation or positional relationship indicated by up, down, front, back, left, right, etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0043] In the description of the present application, the meaning of several is one or more, the meaning of multiple is at least two, greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood as not including the recited number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood as including the recited number. If the first and second are described only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the sequence relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0044] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installation, connection, etc. should be understood in a broad sense. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application after combining with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0045] Referring to Figures 1 to 5 , the cylinder structure of the first aspect embodiment of the present application is applied to a reciprocating piston engine, and particularly relates to a valve train and a fuel injection method, and is also suitable for engines using various fuels such as gas, fuel, hydrogen fuel, etc. The cylinder structure includes a cylinder block 100 and a cylinder head 800, and also includes a spark plug 200, an injector 300, etc.

[0046] The cylinder head 800 includes an intake end 810, the cylinder block 100 includes an exhaust end 110, the cylinder head 800 is disposed on the cylinder block 100, and an air flow passage 130 communicating with the intake end 810 and the exhaust end 110 respectively is formed between the cylinder head 800 and the cylinder block 100; the spark plug 200 is disposed on the cylinder head 800 and is located between the air flow passage 130 and the connection of the exhaust end 110; the injector 300 is disposed on the cylinder head 800 adjacent to the spark plug 200, and the injector 300 is used for injecting fuel; wherein, the exhaust end 110 is located below the spark plug 200 and the injector 300, there is a preset distance interval between the output ports of the spark plug 200 and the injector 300, and a preset included angle is provided between the orientation of the spark plug 200 and the output port orientation of the injector 300.

[0047] It can be understood that the fuel injection quantity is changed according to the changed volume, the fuel injection property is changed according to the changed stroke, and it is designed based on the relative positions of the spark plug 200 and the fuel injector 300, so that the high-pressure fuel is injected towards the spark plug 200 to improve the ignition rate. Combined with the position design of the exhaust end 110, it can thus operate normally after changing the fuel injection quantity and / or the fuel injection property, enabling this cylinder structure to operate with high efficiency when entering the two-stroke mode or the four-stroke mode.

[0048] In some embodiments, the valve train of this cylinder structure can achieve different exhaust forms such as variable volume, variable stroke, etc. and be applied to the engine.

[0049] Referring to Figures 1 to 5 , for the cylinder structure of the first aspect embodiment of the present application, by arranging the output ports of the spark plug 200 and the fuel injector 300 at intervals, and setting a preset included angle between the orientation of the spark plug 200 and the orientation of the output port of the fuel injector 300, the high-pressure fuel is injected towards the spark plug to improve the ignition rate. At the same time, the relative position of the exhaust end 110 is designed, so that it can cooperate with the air flow passage 140 to disperse and exhaust heat in time. On the basis of simplifying the structural design, it is ensured that the reciprocating piston engine can well adapt and ensure the exhaust efficiency after facing different working conditions and switching between the two-stroke and four-stroke.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present application, the intake end 810 is located above the exhaust end 110 and is arranged relatively left and right, and the fuel injector 300 and the exhaust end 110 are arranged on the side relatively close to the fuel injector 300. It can be understood that the fuel injector 300 is arranged on the side of the cylinder head 800 relatively close to the fuel injector 300, and the exhaust end 110 is arranged on the side of the cylinder block 100 relatively close to the fuel injector 300. Air enters from the intake end 810, flows through the air flow passage 130 and then reaches the confluence position of the output ports of the spark plug 200 and the fuel injector 300, and finally exhausts from the exhaust end 110. The entire flow process of the air includes from the intake end 810 relatively located above to the air flow passage 130 relatively located below, then from the air flow passage 130 located relatively below to the spark plug 200 and the fuel injector 300 located relatively above, and finally from the spark plug 200 and the fuel injector 300 located relatively above to the exhaust end 110 located relatively below. By specifically designing the air flow path, the heat can be dispersed and exhausted, ensuring the exhaust efficiency on the basis of simplifying the structural design and having high adaptability.

[0051] In some embodiments, both the spark plug 200 and the intake end 810 are located on the cylinder head 800, where the intake end 810 and the exhaust end 110 are relatively arranged on the two side walls of the cylinder head 800 and the cylinder block 100, so that the air can flow sufficiently, ensuring sufficient intake, exhaust and / or scavenging.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present application, the fuel injector 300 is horizontally arranged, and the spark plug 200 is vertically arranged, so that the output port of the fuel injector 300 is arranged at an angle of 90° with the axis of the spark plug 200. It can be understood that the fuel injector 300 adopts a horizontal type, and the injection direction of the fuel injector 300 forms an angle of about 90° with the piston axis. Thus, while ensuring sufficient spacing between the spark plug 200 and the fuel injector 300, the fuel injected by the fuel injector 300 can be fully coordinated with the spark plug 200.

[0053] In some embodiments, the fuel injector 300 is horizontally arranged. Therefore, the passage for arranging the fuel injector 300 and the spark plug 200 between the air flow passage 130 and the exhaust end 110 is also arranged as a horizontal passage, so as to improve the ignition rate on the basis that the fuel can smoothly contact the spark plug 200, and the exhaust port located below can more timely disperse heat.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present application, the exhaust end 110 is inclined downward in a direction relatively far from the spark plug 200. It can be understood that through the inclined downward setting method, the heat is timely transferred downward, thereby avoiding heat concentration at the fuel injector 300.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present application, the cylinder structure further includes: a piston component 120, a one-way intake valve 400, and at least one exhaust mechanism 500. The piston component 120 is arranged in the cylinder block 100 and reciprocates in the air flow passage 130; the one-way intake valve 400 is arranged in the cylinder head 800, and when the pressure difference between the pressure in the cylinder block 100 and the external pressure reaches a preset value, the one-way intake valve 400 can unidirectionally conduct gas along the direction from the intake end 810 to the inside of the cylinder block 100; the number of exhaust ends 110 corresponds to the number of exhaust mechanisms 500. The exhaust mechanism 500 includes a first track wheel assembly 510 and an exhaust component 540. The first track wheel assembly 510 has a first track groove 511, and the exhaust component 540 is slidably arranged in the first track groove 511, so that the first track wheel assembly 510 can drive the exhaust component 540 to move along the track line of the first track groove 511 by rotation and open or close the exhaust end 110 at a specific time.

[0056] It can be understood that during the entire gas distribution process of the cylinder, the one-way intake valve 400 is configured for a pressure-priority automatic intake mode. The first rail wheel assembly 510 enables the exhaust component 540 to move along the trajectory line of the first rail groove 511, thereby realizing various exhaust modes. Different exhaust forms are achieved through the design of different rail wheels and applied to engines with variable volume, variable stroke, etc. The design of the above exhaust mechanism 500 not only reduces a large number of spare parts and the probability of part damage and failure, but also can make more reasonable use of the power characteristics in different configurations to work, is more environmentally friendly and energy-saving, and increases the functions and performance of the engine, giving users more mode options.

[0057] In some embodiments, according to the characteristics of the gas distribution mechanism: the exhaust mode determines two-stroke or four-stroke or volume, and the rail wheel can be designed with various trajectories within the allowable range. Specifically refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the single rail wheel in the exhaust mechanism 500 does not have the function of changing the rail wheel and only has one exhaust mode. It is an exhaust rail wheel for an engine with a fixed stroke and a fixed volume, such as an exhaust rail wheel for a four-stroke or two-stroke engine. According to this function, multiple mechanisms can be replicated for use in a multi-cylinder engine.

[0058] In some embodiments of the present application, the exhaust mechanism 500 further includes a second rail wheel assembly 520 and a shifting component 530. The second rail wheel assembly 520 has a second rail groove 521. The shifting component 530 is used to switch the cooperation between the exhaust component 540 and the first rail wheel assembly 510 or the second rail wheel assembly 520, so that the exhaust component 540 can move along the trajectory line of the first rail groove 511 or the second rail groove 521 and open or close the exhaust end 110 at a specific time.

[0059] It can be understood that by using the shifting component 530 to switch the cooperation between the exhaust component 540 and the first rail wheel assembly 510 or the second rail wheel assembly 520, the exhaust component 540 can move along the trajectory line of the first rail groove 511 or the second rail groove 521, thereby realizing various exhaust modes. Through the design of various rail wheel combinations, different exhaust forms can be achieved and applied to engines with variable volume, variable stroke, etc. The design of the above exhaust mechanism 500 not only reduces a large number of spare parts and the probability of part damage and failure, but also can make more reasonable use of the power characteristics in different configurations to work, is more environmentally friendly and energy-saving, and increases the functions and performance of the engine, giving users more mode options.

[0060] In some embodiments, the first track wheel assembly 510 designs the first track groove 511 according to the control of the exhaust component 540 in a two-stroke manner, and the second track wheel assembly 520 designs the second track groove 521 according to the control of the exhaust component 540 in a four-stroke manner, so that the first track wheel assembly 510 and the second track wheel assembly 520 are suitable for use in single-cylinder or multi-cylinder cases. According to different valve timing schemes, only the path of the track groove on the track wheel needs to be adjusted to define the movement mode of the exhaust component 540, thereby reducing the design of a large number of parts of the exhaust valve, reducing the weight, reducing the volume, and reducing or eliminating the probability of part damage and failure.

[0061] In some embodiments, with reference to Figure 4 and Figure 5 , according to the characteristics of the valve train: the exhaust mode determines two-stroke or four-stroke or volume, and the track wheel can be designed with various tracks within the allowable range. The double track wheels in the exhaust mechanism 500 have the function of changing track wheels (i.e., the double track wheel group), which is an organization including two exhaust modes. The switching of the two different track wheels in the track wheel group can realize a variable volume and variable stroke engine. For example, a four-stroke can be switched to a two-stroke or the same stroke can be switched to an engine with a different volume. According to this function, multiple mechanisms can be replicated for use in multi-cylinder engines.

[0062] In some embodiments of the present application, the exhaust mechanism 500 further includes a track wheel shift sensor 600 and an engine control unit 700. The track wheel shift sensor 600 is used to obtain the track wheel switching information of the shifting component 530. The engine control unit 700 is configured to be able to receive the track wheel switching information of the track wheel shift sensor 600 and be able to control the fuel injection amount of the fuel injector 300 according to the track wheel switching information. It can be understood that the information is fed into the engine control unit 700 for implementation and processing through the track wheel shift sensor 600. When the cooperating track wheel is changed, the sensor feeds the information into the engine control unit 700 for implementation and processing, and fuel injection is achieved according to different track wheel requirements.

[0063] In some embodiments, the track wheel shift sensor 600 is used to detect the implementation of the switching cooperation between the exhaust component 540 and the first track wheel assembly 510 or the second track wheel assembly 520. The engine control unit 700 is an electronic control unit. The sensor feeds the information into the electronic control unit for implementation and processing, and fuel injection is achieved according to different track wheel requirements.

[0064] In some embodiments of the present application, the exhaust mechanism 500 includes a first rotating shaft 550 and a bushing 560. The first rotating shaft 550 is rotatably arranged. The first track wheel assembly 510 and the second track wheel assembly 520 are spaced apart and arranged on the first rotating shaft 550 in a synchronously slidable manner through the bushing 560. The exhaust component 540 includes a first pin shaft 541, a second pin shaft 542, and a rocker arm assembly 543. The first pin shaft 541 is arranged on one side surface of the rocker arm assembly 543, and the second pin shaft 542 is arranged on the opposite side surface of the rocker arm assembly 543. The rocker arm assembly 543 is located between the first track wheel assembly 510 and the second track wheel assembly 520 and is used to open or close the exhaust end 110. The shifting component 530 is used to drive the first track wheel assembly 510 and the second track wheel assembly 520 to move axially along the first rotating shaft 550 synchronously, so that the first pin shaft 541 can cooperate with the first track groove 511, or the second pin shaft 542 can cooperate with the second track groove 521.

[0065] It can be understood that both ends of the bushing 560 are fixed to the first track wheel assembly 510 and the second track wheel assembly 520 to form a track wheel assembly. The track wheel assembly can axially slide on the first rotating shaft 550 through the bushing 560. The track groove trace lines in the first track wheel assembly 510 and the second track wheel assembly 520 are different according to the design purpose, and the first track wheel assembly 510 and the second track wheel assembly 520 must be used separately. The exhaust end 110 is opened and closed by the pin shaft of the exhaust component 540 being inserted into the first track wheel assembly 510 or the second track wheel assembly 520.

[0066] In some embodiments, the rotational power source of the first rotating shaft 550 is the piston component 120. The first rotating shaft 550 and the piston component 120 are respectively connected through a transmission component such as a gear transmission component, so that the rotational speed of the first rotating shaft 550 is the same as the rotational speed of the crankshaft in the piston component 120 to achieve transmission. In other embodiments, two driving members can also be provided to respectively drive the first rotating shaft 550 and the piston component 120 to act to achieve a normal operating effect.

[0067] In some embodiments of the present application, an intake air flow guiding cover structure 820 is provided between the intake end 810 and the one-way intake valve 400. The intake air flow guiding cover structure 820 is used to enable the gas at the intake end 810 to flow to the one-way intake valve 400 at a preset angle. The one-way intake valve 400 is arranged in the air flow channel 130. The one-way intake valve 400 includes a valve port that opens obliquely downward toward the intake end 810. A slope 121 pointing to the exhaust end 110 is provided at the top of the piston component 120. The slope 121 and the valve port are used to cooperate with the air flow channel 130 to form a circulating flow channel for exhaust.

[0068] It can be understood that the top of the piston component 120 is designed with an inclined surface 121 to function as guiding the air flow direction. In cooperation with the cavity in the cylinder block 100 for restricting the piston movement, a "U-shaped circulating flow channel" capable of realizing the scavenging function is formed. In some embodiments, the formation of the "U-shaped circulating flow channel" includes the following conditions: the exhaust and intake valves are opened, when the piston is in the upper stroke position stage, the piston's inclined surface 121 points to the exhaust port, and the air flow in the cylinder goes from top to bottom and then flows back to the exhaust port. There is enough air storage space above the intake valve to serve as a guiding air flow structure. After the air flow flows upward, it contracts and turns at an angle and then flows along the angled channel to the one-way intake valve 400, improving the efficiency of gas flow.

[0069] In some embodiments, the piston component 120 includes a piston and a crankshaft. The piston is arranged in the cylinder block 100, and the crankshaft is used to drive the piston to reciprocate.

[0070] In some embodiments of the present application, examples of the four-stroke mode include:

[0071] Power stroke: When the piston reaches the top dead center, first the fuel injector 300 injects fuel and then the spark plug 200 ignites the compressed fuel-air mixture to do work. The piston is pushed downward to the bottom dead center. At this time, the intake and exhaust valves are always in the closed state.

[0072] Exhaust stroke: After the piston moves downward to the bottom dead center and then moves upward, the gear drives the gear, and then synchronously drives the track wheel to rotate. The pin shaft moves to the right under the influence of the track force of the track wheel. The rocker arm forces the swing head upward through the shaft, driving the exhaust rod to open the exhaust valve for exhaust. At this time, the air pressure in the cylinder is in the high-pressure period, and the intake reed valve is in the closed state.

[0073] In some embodiments of the present application, examples of the two-stroke supercharging mode include:

[0074] The exhaust valve is in the closed state. When the piston moves upward, the pressure generated in the cylinder is greater than the airway pressure, causing the intake valve to automatically close. The fuel (gas) nozzle starts to spray fuel mist, and the piston continues to move upward to the top dead center.

[0075] Power stroke: After the piston reaches the top dead center, first the fuel injector 300 injects fuel and then the spark plug 200 ignites to ignite the high-pressure mixed gas, pushing the piston downward. The intake and exhaust valves are in the closed state.

[0076] Exhaust stroke: When the piston moves downward, the track of the track wheel turns to the exhaust angle, the pin shaft moves to the right, and the push head moves upward to open the exhaust valve, discharging the high-pressure waste gas.

[0077] Refer to Figures 1 to 5, the engine according to the second aspect embodiment of the present application. The engine can be a reciprocating piston engine, which includes the cylinder structure according to the first aspect embodiment of the present application. By arranging the output port of the spark plug 200 at an interval from the output port of the fuel injector 300, and setting a preset angle between the orientation of the spark plug 200 and the orientation of the output port of the fuel injector 300, the high-pressure fuel is sprayed towards the spark plug to improve the ignition rate. At the same time, the relative position of the exhaust end 110 is designed, so that the heat can be timely dispersed and removed in cooperation with the air flow channel 130. On the basis of simplifying the structural design, it is ensured that the reciprocating engine can well adapt and ensure the exhaust efficiency after facing different working conditions and switching between two-stroke and four-stroke.

[0078] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered to be within the scope described in this specification.

[0079] The embodiments of the present application have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present application is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art in the technical field, various changes can be made without departing from the purpose of the present application.

Claims

1. A cylinder structure, characterized in that: include: Cylinder head, including intake end; A cylinder body, including an exhaust end, the cylinder head is arranged on the cylinder body, and an air flow channel is formed between the cylinder head and the cylinder body, which is connected to the intake end and the exhaust end respectively; a spark plug, disposed on the cylinder head and located between the connecting portion of the air flow passage and the exhaust end; A fuel injector, disposed on the cylinder head adjacent to the spark plug, the fuel injector being used for injecting fuel; The exhaust end is located below the spark plug and the fuel injector, a preset distance exists between the spark plug and the fuel injector outlet, and a preset angle is formed between the direction of the spark plug and the fuel injector outlet.

2. The cylinder structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intake end is located above the exhaust end and is arranged opposite to each other on the left and right sides. The fuel injection nozzle and the exhaust end are arranged on a side relatively close to the spark plug.

3. The cylinder structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fuel injector is arranged horizontally, and the spark plug is arranged vertically, so that the output port of the fuel injector is arranged at an angle of 90° with the axis of the spark plug.

4. The cylinder structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The exhaust end is inclined downward in a direction relatively away from the spark plug.

5. The cylinder structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The cylinder structure also includes: A piston component, disposed in the cylinder body and reciprocating in the air flow channel; A one-way air intake valve is arranged in the cylinder head, and when the difference between the air pressure in the cylinder and the external air pressure reaches a preset value, the one-way air intake valve can allow the gas to flow in a one-way direction from the air intake end to the cylinder; At least one exhaust mechanism, the number of the exhaust ends corresponds to the number of the exhaust mechanisms, the exhaust mechanism includes a first rail wheel assembly and an exhaust component, the first rail wheel assembly has a first rail groove, the exhaust component is slidably arranged in the first rail groove, so that the first rail wheel assembly can drive the exhaust component to move along the trajectory of the first rail groove by rotation and open or close the exhaust end at a specific time.

6. The cylinder structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The exhaust mechanism also includes a second rail wheel assembly and a shift component, the second rail wheel assembly has a second rail groove, and the shift component is used to switch the exhaust component with the first rail wheel assembly or the second rail wheel assembly so that the exhaust component can move along the trajectory of the first rail groove or the second rail groove and open or close the exhaust end at a specific time.

7. The cylinder structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The exhaust mechanism also includes a rail wheel shift sensor and an engine control unit. The rail wheel shift sensor is used to obtain the rail wheel switching information of the shift component. The engine control unit is configured to receive the rail wheel switching information of the rail wheel shift sensor and control the fuel injection amount of the injector according to the rail wheel switching information.

8. The cylinder structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The exhaust mechanism includes a first rotating shaft and a sleeve, the first rotating shaft is rotatably arranged, the first rail wheel assembly and the second rail wheel assembly are synchronously slidably arranged at intervals on the first rotating shaft through the sleeve, the exhaust component includes a first pin shaft, a second pin shaft and a rocker arm assembly, the first pin shaft is arranged on one side of the rocker arm assembly, the second pin shaft is arranged on the other side opposite to the rocker arm assembly, the rocker arm assembly is located between the first rail wheel assembly and the second rail wheel assembly and is used to open or close the exhaust end, and the shift component is used to drive the first rail wheel assembly and the second rail wheel assembly to move synchronously along the axial direction of the first rotating shaft, so that the first pin shaft can cooperate with the first rail groove, or the second pin shaft can cooperate with the second rail groove.

9. The cylinder structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: An air intake hood structure is provided between the air intake end and the one-way air intake valve, and the air intake hood structure is used to enable the gas at the air intake end to flow to the one-way air intake valve at a preset angle. The one-way air intake valve is arranged in the air flow channel, and the one-way air intake valve includes a valve port which opens downwardly and tilted toward the air intake end. The top of the piston component is provided with an inclined surface pointing to the exhaust end, and the inclined surface and the valve port are used to cooperate with the air flow channel to form a circulation channel for exhaust.

10. An engine, characterized in that: include: A cylinder structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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