High-power bi-directional coupler
By designing a high-power dual-directional coupler, using a "["-shaped structure and a double row of coupling holes, the problem of resonance in traditional couplers at high frequencies is solved, the accuracy and stability of the system are improved, and the frequency response characteristics are excellent.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422270138.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-18
AI Technical Summary
In high-frequency applications, traditional coupler structures are prone to resonance, resulting in large errors in harmonics and other aspects in test components, affecting the accuracy and stability of the system.
A high-power dual-directional coupler is designed, using the input and output port waveguide located at the top, the coupling port waveguide located in the middle, and the isolated port waveguide located at the bottom. It is connected through a dual-row coupling hole and adopts a "["-like structure design, which avoids the resonance phenomenon at high frequencies.
Through reasonable design, the resonance phenomenon occurs at high frequencies is avoided, the measurement errors caused by harmonics in the test components are reduced, the accuracy and stability of the system are improved, and the frequency response of the high power, high directionality and coupling degree is better than ±1.5dB.
Smart Images
Figure CN223039105U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the technical field of couplers, and more specifically, to a high-power double directional coupler. Background Art
[0002] In a microwave system, a directional coupler is a widely used microwave component. For example, signal generators, vector network analyzers, etc. all require directional couplers. Due to the directivity of the directional coupler, it can achieve the directional coupling of signals, and the magnitude of the output signal power at the output end is controllable (automatic gain control and automatic level control). It can be used alone as a power divider or power combiner, or it can be used as a component of the system in antenna feed networks, microwave distribution systems, amplifiers, power detection, and other systems.
[0003] In the prior art, as a key component in a microwave system, a coupler is responsible for distributing or combining signal energy between different transmission lines. However, in high-frequency applications, traditional coupler structures often encounter some design challenges. One of the problems is the generation of resonance phenomena. This may lead to large errors in harmonics of the test components due to factors such as structural resonance, material dispersion, edge effects, field leakage, and mode conversion. Summary of the Utility Model
[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a high-power double directional coupler to overcome the existing technical defects. Through reasonable design, the resonance phenomenon occurring at high frequencies is avoided, and the measurement errors caused by harmonics in the test components are reduced.
[0005] The purpose of this application is achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0006] In a first aspect, this application proposes a high-power double directional coupler, which includes an input / output port waveguide at the top, a coupling port waveguide in the middle, and an isolation port waveguide at the bottom;
[0007] The input / output port waveguide, the coupling port waveguide, and the isolation port waveguide are isolated from each other pairwise and are connected by double-row coupling holes;
[0008] The overall architectures of the input / output port waveguide and the isolation port waveguide are both in the shape of "[" and have opposite openings;
[0009] The long sides of the input / output port waveguide, the coupling port waveguide, and the isolation port waveguide are all in the same vertical plane.
[0010] In a possible implementation, the input / output port waveguide, the coupling port waveguide, and the isolation port waveguide all adopt the 24JS1800 standard waveguide.
[0011] In a possible implementation, the internal structures of the input / output port waveguide, the coupling port waveguide, and the isolation port waveguide are in an "H" shape.
[0012] In a possible implementation, double-row coupling holes are arranged on the wide-side metal protrusions between the input / output port waveguide, the coupling port waveguide, and the isolation port waveguide pairwise.
[0013] In a possible implementation, the coupling port waveguide is straight-through.
[0014] In a possible implementation, the bent portions of the input / output port waveguide and the isolation port waveguide have a curvature.
[0015] In a possible implementation, the power of the coupler is set to 18 GHz - 40 GHz.
[0016] In a possible implementation, the processing material of the coupler is aluminum or copper.
[0017] The main solution of the present application and its various further alternative solutions can be freely combined to form multiple solutions, all of which are solutions that can be adopted and claimed in the present application; moreover, in the present application, (each non-conflicting alternative) alternatives can be freely combined with each other and with other alternatives. Those skilled in the art can understand that there are various combinations according to the prior art and common general knowledge after understanding the solution of the present application, all of which are the technical solutions to be protected in the present application, and are not enumerated herein.
[0018] The present application discloses a high-power double-directional coupler, which includes an input / output port waveguide at the top, a coupling port waveguide in the middle, and an isolation port waveguide at the bottom. The input / output port waveguide, the coupling port waveguide, and the isolation port waveguide are isolated from each other pairwise and are connected by coupling holes. The overall architectures of the input / output port waveguide and the isolation port waveguide are both in a "[" shape and have opposite openings. Through reasonable design, the resonance phenomenon occurring at high frequencies is avoided, the measurement errors caused by harmonics and the like in the test components are reduced, and the accuracy and stability of the system are improved. In addition, it can also have characteristics such as being able to withstand high power, high directivity, and a coupling degree frequency response better than ±1.5 dB. The double-directional coupling degree is more convenient than the single coupling port. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
[0020] Figure 1Shows a schematic diagram of a high-power dual directional coupler proposed in an embodiment of the present application.
[0021] Figure 2 Shows a top view of the high-power dual directional coupler proposed in an embodiment of the present application.
[0022] Figure 3 Shows the simulation result of the coupling degree proposed in an embodiment of the present application.
[0023] Figure 4 Shows the simulation results of the directivity and isolation degree proposed in an embodiment of the present application. Specific embodiments
[0024] The following uses specific specific examples to illustrate the implementation manners of the present application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the content disclosed in this specification. The present application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation manners. Various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be noted that, without conflict, the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.
[0025] Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope protected by the present application.
[0026] In the prior art, as a key component in a microwave system, a coupler is responsible for distributing or combining signal energy between different transmission lines. However, in high-frequency applications, traditional coupler structures often encounter some design challenges. One of the problems is the generation of resonance phenomena. It may lead to large errors in harmonics of test components and the like due to factors such as structural resonance, material dispersion, edge effects, field leakage, and mode conversion.
[0027] Therefore, to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present application proposes a high-power dual directional coupler, which avoids the resonance phenomenon occurring at high frequencies through reasonable design, reduces the measurement errors caused by harmonics and the like in the test components, improves the accuracy and stability of the system. In addition, it can also have characteristics such as being able to withstand high power, high directivity, and the coupling degree frequency response being better than ±1.5 dB. The dual directional coupling degree is more convenient than the single coupling port.
[0028] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 Shows a schematic diagram of a high-power dual directional coupler proposed in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 2The top view of the high-power dual directional coupler proposed in the embodiments of the present application is shown. The coupler includes an input / output port waveguide at the top, a coupling port waveguide in the middle, and an isolation port waveguide at the bottom;
[0029] The input / output port waveguide, the coupling port waveguide, and the isolation port waveguide are isolated from each other pairwise and are connected by a double-row coupling hole;
[0030] The overall architectures of the input / output port waveguide and the isolation port waveguide are both in the shape of "[" with opposite openings;
[0031] The long sides of the input / output port waveguide, the coupling port waveguide, and the isolation port waveguide are all in the same vertical plane.
[0032] Although the input / output port waveguide, the coupling port waveguide, and the isolation port waveguide need to remain independent in function, the necessary energy or signal transfer is achieved through a clever double-row coupling hole design. This design not only ensures the isolation of each part but also guarantees the effective coupling between them.
[0033] The input / output port waveguide and the isolation port waveguide adopt a structural design similar to "[", and the opening directions of the two are opposite. This symmetric and complementary layout is conducive to the balance and control of the electromagnetic field, reduces unnecessary interference, and improves the stability and efficiency of the coupler.
[0034] The long sides of all waveguides are in the same vertical plane. Such a layout simplifies the installation and alignment process, and at the same time provides convenience for the space management inside the device, which is beneficial to heat dissipation and mechanical stability.
[0035] The high-power dual directional coupler proposed in the embodiments of the present application utilizes advanced waveguide technology and symmetric design to achieve wide passband and high flatness coupling frequency response characteristics, while the compatibility and integration are also optimized.
[0036] By opening oval holes of different sizes on the wide side of the standard ridge waveguide, such a design can finely adjust the coupling degree and frequency response, adapt to the high-power transmission requirements while ensuring the signal stability. The symmetric structure not only helps to achieve good electromagnetic field matching but also simplifies the manufacturing process, improves the processing convenience and the finished product rate, which is extremely beneficial for large-scale production and cost reduction. The middle wide-side metal protrusion adopts a cylinder structure array, which helps to broaden the working frequency band and maintain the flatness of the coupling efficiency, ensuring consistent performance in a wide frequency range.
[0037] The miniaturized design of the coupler enables it to be directly integrated into the component, which is particularly important for application scenarios with limited space, such as satellite communication, radar systems, etc. The structural design is reasonable, effectively suppressing the resonance effect at high frequencies.
[0038] The input / output port waveguide, the coupling port waveguide, and the isolation port waveguide all adopt the 24JS1800 standard waveguide.
[0039] The ports adopt the 24JS1800 standard waveguide, which is convenient for connecting with other standard devices, improving the modularity and flexibility of the system. It supports direct wave-guide conversion at the waveguide port, enhancing its applicability in complex systems.
[0040] The internal structures of the input / output port waveguide, the coupling port waveguide, and the isolation port waveguide are in an "H" shape.
[0041] The "H"-shaped internal structure can further enhance the independence between ports through central symmetry and isolation in the horizontal and vertical directions, while maintaining the necessary energy or signal channels.
[0042] Double-row coupling holes are arranged on the wide-side metal protrusions between the input / output port waveguide, the coupling port waveguide, and the isolation port waveguide pairwise.
[0043] The coupling frequency response is controlled within a small range by means of multi-hole coupling. The key parameters are the number of small holes, the size and spacing of the small holes. Due to the rationality of this structural design, it will not cause resonance phenomena at high frequencies, resulting in large errors in test harmonics.
[0044] Positioning the coupling holes on the wide side of the metal protrusion, the design not only makes clever use of space, but also ensures precise control of the energy or signal transmission path in terms of physical structure.
[0045] The coupling port waveguide is a through waveguide.
[0046] The internal structure of the coupling port waveguide is linear without bending, minimizing signal transmission loss and ensuring signal integrity on the through path.
[0047] The bending parts of the input / output port waveguide and the isolation port waveguide have arcs.
[0048] The arc design can optimize the electromagnetic field distribution in the waveguide, reducing reflection and attenuation during signal propagation.
[0049] The power of the coupler is set to 18 GHz - 40 GHz.
[0050] The processing material of the coupler is aluminum or copper.
[0051] Through structural design, optimized machining of the air cavity can be achieved. The machining materials are selected from aluminum, copper or other metal materials, and the surface treatments include gold plating, silver plating, and natural color conductive oxidation.
[0052] In a possible implementation, the high-power dual directional coupler proposed in the embodiments of the present application is modeled and simulated in HFSS. Figure 3 The simulation result of the coupling degree proposed in the embodiments of the present application is shown. Figure 4 The simulation results of the directivity and isolation degree proposed in the embodiments of the present application are shown.
[0053] It can be seen from the above simulation results that the coupling degree frequency response of the coupler from 18 to 40 GHz is within ±1.5 dB, the isolation degree is below -50 dB, and the directivity can reach more than 25 dB after 20 GHz. Moreover, there is no resonance phenomenon in the range of 40 - 45 GHz, and it will not cause harmonic effects on the frequency points within 22.5 GHz.
[0054] Therefore, the present application discloses a high-power dual directional coupler, which includes an input / output port waveguide at the top, a coupling port waveguide in the middle, and an isolation port waveguide at the bottom. The input / output port waveguide, the coupling port waveguide, and the isolation port waveguide are isolated from each other pairwise and connected by coupling holes. The overall architectures of the input / output port waveguide and the isolation port waveguide are both in the shape of "[" with opposite openings. Through reasonable design, the resonance phenomenon at high frequencies is avoided, the measurement errors caused by harmonics and the like in the test components are reduced, and the accuracy and stability of the system are improved. In addition, it can also withstand high power, have high directivity, and the coupling degree frequency response is better than ±1.5 dB. The dual directional coupler is more convenient than the single coupling port.
[0055] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A high-power dual directional coupler, characterized in that: The coupler includes an input and output port waveguide located at the top, a coupling port waveguide located in the middle, and an isolation port waveguide located at the bottom; The input and output port waveguides, the coupled port waveguides and the isolated port waveguides are isolated from each other and connected by double-row coupling holes; The overall structures of the input and output port waveguides and the isolation port waveguides are both in a "[" shape with opposite openings; The long sides of the input and output port waveguides, the coupled port waveguides and the isolated port waveguides are all in the same vertical plane.
2. The high-power dual directional coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input and output port waveguides, coupled port waveguides and isolated port waveguides all adopt 24JS1800 standard waveguides.
3. The high-power dual directional coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal structures of the input and output port waveguides, the coupled port waveguides and the isolated port waveguides are in an "H" shape.
4. The high-power dual directional coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-row coupling holes are arranged on the wide-side metal protrusions between the input and output port waveguides, the coupling port waveguides and the isolation port waveguides.
5. The high-power dual directional coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coupled port waveguide is straight through.
6. The high-power dual directional coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curved parts of the input / output port waveguides and the isolation port waveguide are curved.
7. The high-power dual directional coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power of the coupler is set to 18 GHz-40 GHz.
8. The high-power dual directional coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing material of the coupler is aluminum or copper.