Non-toxic treatment device for decommissioned chemical protection carbon material
By designing a non-toxic treatment device for decommissioned protective carbon materials, and using low-temperature and efficient catalytic degradation technology, the problem of desorption of toxic pollutants during the treatment of decommissioned chemical protective carbon materials is solved, and the dual effects of non-toxic treatment and material recovery are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421719135.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-01
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-07-19
AI Technical Summary
Decommissioned chemical protective carbon materials have the risk of desorption of toxic pollutants during the treatment process, and traditional incineration methods consume a lot of energy and are at risk of explosion.
A non-toxic treatment device for decommissioned protective carbon materials is designed, including a gas source, air purifier, desorption pretreatment system, gas catalytic reaction system, exhaust gas absorption device and exhaust gas detection device. The toxic molecules are completely destroyed through low-temperature and efficient catalytic degradation technology and the recovery and secondary utilization of materials are realized.
It achieves complete destruction of toxic pollutants under low temperature conditions, avoids secondary environmental pollution, reduces energy consumption and safety risks, and makes the treated materials recyclable.
Smart Images
Figure CN223042513U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of catalytic degradation of toxic pollutants, and particularly relates to a non-toxic treatment device for retired chemical protection carbon materials. Background Technique
[0002] As the core of chemical protection equipment, the protection carbon material is made of activated carbon impregnated with active components such as metals and organic amines. The adsorption and catalytic action is used to purify the poisoned air, so as to achieve effective protection for the human body. When the protection carbon material reaches the end of its service life and is retired, there is a risk of desorption of the adsorbed toxic pollutants, causing secondary environmental pollution. Therefore, the non-toxic treatment method of retired protection carbon materials has attracted wide attention from countries around the world.
[0003] The early traditional disposal methods were to directly put the protection equipment into the deep sea or bury it deeply, but these methods still have serious problems of polluting the atmosphere, water quality and soil. In order to avoid secondary environmental pollution caused by the desorption of toxic pollutants, the incineration treatment method was developed later. The main method is to directly incinerate the protection carbon material with an incineration device, which can destroy the structure of toxic and harmful substances to completely destroy the toxic pollutants and achieve non-toxic treatment. However, the temperature required for the incineration method needs to reach the ignition point of toxic and harmful substances, generally nearly a thousand degrees Celsius, with high energy consumption. There is also a relatively high risk of explosion of the incinerator due to secondary reactions of various gaseous products at high temperatures.
[0004] Therefore, based on the above research background, it is necessary to build a non-toxic treatment device for retired chemical protection carbon materials and establish a method to achieve non-toxic treatment of protection carbon materials. Content of the Utility Model
[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a non-toxic treatment method for retired protection carbon materials, which has the characteristics of low temperature and high efficiency, and can destroy the structure of toxic molecules to make them non-toxic. In addition, the protection carbon materials treated by this method can be recycled and reused. This method can not only be used for the non-toxic treatment of protection carbon materials, but also for the non-toxic treatment of molecular sieves, metal-organic framework materials (MOFs), organic porous materials (POFs), polymer materials, and supported materials with the above three types of materials as carriers.
[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose and solve the above problems, the technical solution of the utility model is as follows:
[0007] A non-toxic treatment device for retired protection carbon materials includes a gas source 1, an air purifier 2, a desorption pretreatment system, a gas catalytic reaction system, a tail gas absorption device, a tail gas detection device, and a terminal controller 13; the tail gas detection device includes a first tail gas detection device 32 and a second tail gas detection device 10;
[0008] The gas source 1 is connected to the intake end of the air purifier 2 through a pipeline, and the outlet end of the air purifier 2 is connected to the intake end of the mass flow controller 3 through a pipeline; the outlet end of the mass flow controller 3 is connected to the intake end of the desorption pretreatment system, and the outlet end of the desorption pretreatment system is respectively connected to the intake end of the gas catalytic reaction system and the intake end of the first tail gas detection device 32 through the first three-way valve 31; the outlet end of the gas catalytic reaction system is respectively connected to the intake end of the second tail gas detection device 10 and the intake end of the tail gas absorption device through the second three-way valve 9; the first tail gas detection device 32, the second tail gas detection device 10, and the mass flow controller 3 are communicatively connected to the terminal controller 13;
[0009] The desorption pretreatment system consists of a fixed bed desorber 5, a first tubular resistance furnace 6, a first thermocouple 14, and a first temperature controller 15; wherein the intake end and the outlet end of the desorption pretreatment system are both located at both ends of the fixed bed desorber 5, the fixed bed desorber 5 is placed in the first tubular resistance furnace 6, the first thermocouple 14 is vertically installed in the middle of the first tubular resistance furnace 5, and the first temperature controller 15 is connected to the first tubular resistance furnace 6 and the first thermocouple 14;
[0010] The gas catalytic reaction system consists of a fixed bed reactor 7, a second tubular resistance furnace 8, a second thermocouple 16, and a second temperature controller 17; wherein the intake end and the outlet end of the gas catalytic reaction system are both located at both ends of the fixed bed reactor 7, the fixed bed reactor is placed in the second tubular resistance furnace 8, the second thermocouple 16 is vertically installed in the middle of the second tubular resistance furnace, and the second temperature controller 17 is connected to the second tubular resistance furnace 8 and the second thermocouple 16;
[0011] The tail gas absorption device consists of a buffer pool 11 and an absorption pool 12, and the buffer pool 11 is connected to the absorption pool 12 through a pipeline; an alkaline absorption liquid is contained in the absorption pool 12;
[0012] For the pipelines connecting the outlet end of the desorption pretreatment system to the intake ends of the gas catalytic reaction system and the first tail gas detection device, and the pipelines connecting the outlet end of the gas catalytic reaction system to the intake end of the second tail gas detection device, heating devices are provided on the outer sides; the tail gas detection device is a gas chromatograph or a gas analyzer.
[0013] Preferably, a differential pressure gauge 4 is installed between the air purifier 2 and the mass flow controller 3.
[0014] Preferably, the materials of the fixed bed desorber 5 and the fixed bed reactor 7 are glass, quartz, or stainless steel.
[0015] Preferably, the pipeline connecting the outlet end of the desorption pretreatment system to the inlet end of the gas catalytic reaction system and the first tail gas detection device 32 is wound with a first resistance wire 18, is provided with a third thermocouple 20, and is then wrapped with a heat preservation tape. The first resistance wire 18 and the third thermocouple 20 are connected to a third temperature controller 21, and the outside of the pipeline is wrapped with a first heat preservation tape 19.
[0016] Further, the temperature heating range of the first resistance wire 18 and the third thermocouple 20 is 25°C to 150°C, so that the pipeline temperature regulation and control range is 25°C to 150°C.
[0017] Preferably, the pipeline connecting the outlet end of the gas catalytic reaction system to the inlet end of the second tail gas detection device 10 is wound with a second resistance wire 22, is provided with a fourth thermocouple 23, the second resistance wire 22 and the fourth thermocouple 23 are connected to a fourth temperature controller 25, and the outside of the pipeline is wrapped with a second heat preservation tape 24.
[0018] Further, the temperature heating range of the second resistance wire 22 and the fourth thermocouple 23 is 25°C to 150°C, so that the pipeline temperature regulation and control range is 25°C to 150°C.
[0019] Preferably, the gas source 1 is air cylinder gas, oxygen / inert gas mixture or air compressor.
[0020] Preferably, the alkaline absorbent solution includes any one or a mixture of two or more of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium hydroxide.
[0021] Preferably, the heating range of the first thermocouple 14 and the second thermocouple 16 is 25°C to 1200°C, so that the temperature regulation and control range of the fixed bed desorber 5 and the fixed bed reactor 7 is in the range of 25°C to 1200°C.
[0022] The effective benefits of the present utility model compared with the prior art:
[0023] 1. Compared with putting it into the deep sea and deep burial, using this device can avoid the risk of secondary release of toxic pollutants causing air, water quality, and land pollution.
[0024] 2. Compared with the existing incineration method, using this device can achieve the detoxification treatment of toxic substances at a lower temperature, and has the characteristics of low temperature and high efficiency, low energy consumption, and high safety factor.
[0025] 3. Using this device can not damage the protective carbon material, achieve the complete destruction of toxic pollutants, and the carbon-based carrier and its loaded active components can be recycled and reused. Description of the Drawings
[0026] Figure 1This is a schematic structural diagram of the detoxification treatment device for retired chemical protection carbon materials of the present utility model. Detailed implementation mode
[0027] The technical solution of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments and the drawings.
[0028] Embodiment 1
[0029] A detoxification treatment method for retired chemical protection carbon materials. In view of the risk of environmental secondary pollution caused by the desorption of adsorbed toxic pollutants after the carbon protection materials reach the end of their service life and are retired, through a series of steps such as building a detoxification treatment device for retired protection carbon materials, loading and preheating the catalyst, pre-treating the desorption of toxic pollutants, catalytic degradation of toxic pollutants and tail gas absorption, and indicating the end point of catalytic degradation, the catalytic degradation of the adsorbed toxic pollutants is realized, forming the detoxification treatment of retired chemical protection carbon materials.
[0030] In view of the risk of environmental secondary pollution caused by the desorption of adsorbed toxic pollutants after the carbon protection materials reach the end of their service life and are retired, the structural damage of the adsorbed toxic pollutants is realized through thermal catalytic action, so as to realize the detoxification treatment of retired carbon protection materials.
[0031] The detoxification treatment device for retired chemical protection carbon materials mainly includes a gas source 1, an air purifier 2, a mass flow controller 3, a pressure gauge 4, a fixed-bed desorber 5, a first tubular resistance furnace 6, a fixed-bed reactor 7, a second tubular resistance furnace 8, a first three-way valve 31, a second three-way valve 9, a second tail gas detection device 10, a buffer pool 11, an absorption pool 12, a terminal controller 13, a first thermocouple 14, a second thermocouple 16, a third thermocouple 20, a fourth thermocouple 23, a first temperature controller 15, a second temperature controller 17, a third temperature controller 21, a fourth temperature controller 25, a first resistance wire 18, a second resistance wire 22, a first heat preservation belt 19, a second heat preservation belt 24, a first data transmission line 26, a second data transmission line 27, a third data transmission line 28, a fourth data transmission line 29, a fifth data transmission line 30, and a first tail gas detection device 32.
[0032] The gas source 1 first serves as a purge gas and flows through the air purifier 2 to remove the moisture in the air; the air outlet end of the air purifier 2 is connected to the inlet end of the mass flow controller 3 through a pipeline, and the mass flow controller 3 is used to control and adjust the air flow; a pressure gauge 4 is installed between the air purifier 2 and the mass flow controller 3, and the pressure gauge 4 is used to monitor the device resistance to ensure the safe operation of the device.
[0033] The desorption pretreatment system consists of a fixed-bed desorber 5, a first tubular resistance furnace 6, a first thermocouple 14, and a first temperature controller 15. The retired chemical protection carbon material to be treated is placed in the fixed-bed desorber 5. The air purge gas passes through the fixed-bed desorber 5 after passing through the mass flow controller 3, and the adsorbed toxic pollutants are purged out of the protection material. The fixed-bed desorber 5 is vertically placed to prevent gaps from appearing in the bed layer due to the action of gravity and air flow. The fixed-bed desorber 5 is placed in the first tubular resistance furnace 6, and the first tubular resistance furnace 6 is used to heat the fixed-bed desorber 5. The first thermocouple 14 is vertically installed in the middle of the first tubular resistance furnace 6. The first temperature controller 15 is connected to the first tubular resistance furnace 6 and the first thermocouple 14 to set the heating rate and temperature of the first tubular resistance furnace 6, and to sense the actual temperature of the fixed-bed desorber 5 through the first thermocouple 14. The first temperature controller 15 realizes automatic control and adjustment of the temperature of the fixed-bed desorber 5.
[0034] The gas catalytic reaction system consists of a fixed-bed reactor 7, a second tubular resistance furnace 8, a second thermocouple 16, and a second temperature controller 17. The outlet end of the fixed-bed desorber 5 in the desorption pretreatment system is connected to the inlet end of the fixed-bed reactor 7 in the gas catalytic reaction system through a pipeline. The catalyst material is placed in the fixed-bed reactor 7. The toxic pollutants desorbed in the desorption pretreatment system enter the fixed-bed reactor 7 through the pipeline. During the process of the air generated by the gas source 1 and the desorbed toxic pollutants passing through the catalyst, the oxygen in the air acts as an oxidizing gas, and the toxic pollutants are catalytically decomposed under the action of the catalyst. The fixed-bed reactor 7 is vertically placed to prevent gaps from appearing in the bed layer due to the action of gravity and air flow. The fixed-bed reactor 7 is placed in the second tubular resistance furnace 8, and the second tubular resistance furnace 8 is used to heat the fixed-bed reactor 7 and maintain the fixed-bed reactor 7 at a certain temperature. The second thermocouple 16 is vertically installed in the middle of the second tubular resistance furnace 8. The second temperature controller 17 is connected to the second tubular resistance furnace 8 and the second thermocouple 16. The second temperature controller 17 is used to set the heating rate and temperature of the second tubular resistance furnace 8, and to sense the actual temperature of the fixed-bed reactor 7 through the second thermocouple 16. The second temperature controller 17 realizes automatic control and adjustment of the temperature of the fixed-bed reactor 7.
[0035] The outlet end of the fixed-bed desorber 5 is connected to the first three-way valve 31. The other two ends of the first three-way valve 31 are respectively connected to the fixed-bed reactor 7 and the first tail gas detection device 32. The pipeline connecting the outlet end of the fixed-bed desorber 5 to the inlet ends of the fixed-bed reactor 7 and the first tail gas detection device 32 is wound by the first resistance wire 18, and the pipeline is heated by heating the first resistance wire 18; the pipeline, the first resistance wire 18, the third thermocouple 20, and the first three-way valve 31 are further wrapped by the first heat-insulating tape 19, and the first heat-insulating tape 19 can reduce the heat exchange between the pipeline, the first resistance wire 18, the third thermocouple 20, and the first three-way valve 31 and the external environment; the first resistance wire 18 and the third thermocouple 20 are connected to the first temperature controller 21. The first temperature controller 21 is used to set the heating rate and temperature of the resistance wire 18, and sense the actual temperature of the pipeline through the third thermocouple 20. The temperature controller 21 realizes automatic control and regulation of the pipeline temperature; the first tail gas detection device 32 can collect the desorbed gas at regular intervals to indicate whether the desorption of toxic pollutants is completed.
[0036] The outlet end of the fixed-bed reactor 7 is connected to the inlet end of the second tail gas detection device 10 through a pipeline and the second three-way valve 9. The second tail gas detection device 10 can quantitatively monitor the decomposition efficiency of toxic pollutants; the remaining port of the second three-way valve 9 is connected to the buffer pool 11 through a pipeline, and the buffer pool 11 protects the absorption liquid from backflow; the buffer pool 11 is connected to the absorption pool 12 through a pipeline, and the absorption pool 12 is filled with the absorption liquid to absorb the tail gas generated by the reaction.
[0037] The pipeline connecting the outlet end of the fixed-bed reactor 7 to the inlet end of the second tail gas detection device 10 is wound by the resistance wire 22, and the pipeline is heated by heating the second resistance wire 22; the pipeline, the second resistance wire 22, the fourth thermocouple 23, and the second three-way valve 9 are further wrapped by the second heat-insulating tape 24, and the second heat-insulating tape 24 can reduce the heat exchange between the pipeline, the second resistance wire 22, the fourth thermocouple 23, and the second three-way valve 9 and the external environment; the second resistance wire 22 and the fourth thermocouple 23 are connected to the fourth temperature controller 25. The fourth temperature controller 25 is used to set the heating rate and temperature of the second resistance wire 22, and sense the actual temperature of the pipeline through the second thermocouple 23. The fourth temperature controller 25 realizes automatic control and regulation of the pipeline temperature.
[0038] The first tail gas detection device 32, the second tail gas detection device 10, the mass flow controller 3, the first temperature controller 15, the second temperature controller 17, the third temperature controller 21, and the fourth temperature controller 25 are connected to the terminal controller 13 through the first data transmission line 26, the second data transmission line 27, the third data transmission line 28, the fourth data transmission line 29, and the fifth data transmission line 30. The terminal controller 13 can set parameters through software to realize temperature control of the tail gas concentration, air flow, desorption pretreatment system, gas catalytic reaction system, and their pipelines.
[0039] When in use, it specifically includes the following steps:
[0040] Step 1: Catalyst loading and preheating
[0041] Load 0.15 g of the catalyst into a fixed-bed reactor. After compacting it by oscillation using an oscillator, place it in a second tubular resistance furnace. Set the temperature controller to control the temperature of the fixed-bed reactor at 300 °C, the temperature of the pipeline between the fixed-bed desorber and the fixed-bed reactor at 100 °C, and the temperature of the pipeline between the fixed-bed reactor and the tail gas detection device at 100 °C.
[0042] The catalyst component is Pd and Au supported on Al2O3 (Pd-Au@Al2O3 catalyst).
[0043] Step 2: Pretreatment of desorption of toxic pollutants
[0044] Load the retired protective carbon material into the fixed-bed desorber. Set the temperature controller to control the temperature of the fixed-bed desorber at 100 °C, and set the mass flow controller to control the air source flow rate at 200 ml / min. After the air source is purified by an air purifier, it enters the fixed-bed desorber. Under the purging of hot air, the toxic pollutants adsorbed in the pores and on the surface of the protective carbon material are purged out.
[0045] Step 3: Catalytic degradation of toxic pollutants and tail gas absorption
[0046] The desorbed toxic pollutants flow through the pipeline into the fixed-bed reactor, and are decomposed by the thermal catalytic action of the catalyst. The first tail gas detection device detects the concentration of the gas escaping from the rear end of the fixed-bed reactor. When toxic gas is detected, raise the catalytic temperature until no toxic gas is detected. A small amount of toxic gas escaping in this stage is absorbed by the tail gas absorption device. In addition, the catalytic decomposition products also pass through the tail gas absorption device for absorption.
[0047] Step 4: Indication of the end point of catalytic degradation
[0048] According to the filling amount of the protective material to be treated, open the three-way valve connecting the rear end of the fixed-bed desorber to the second gas detection device every 1 hour to detect the desorption of toxic pollutants. When the second gas detection device does not detect the desorption of toxic pollutants for two consecutive time intervals, the catalytic degradation is completed.
Claims
1. A detoxification treatment device for retired protective carbon materials, characterized in that: It comprises an air source (1), an air purifier (2), a desorption pretreatment system, a gas catalytic reaction system, an exhaust gas absorption device, an exhaust gas detection device, and a terminal controller (13); the exhaust gas detection device comprises a first exhaust gas detection device (32) and a second exhaust gas detection device (10); The air source (1) is connected to the air inlet end of the air purifier (2) through a pipeline, and the air outlet end of the air purifier (2) is connected to the air inlet end of the mass flow controller (3) through a pipeline; The gas outlet of the mass flow controller (3) is connected to the gas inlet of the desorption pretreatment system, and the gas outlet of the desorption pretreatment system is respectively connected to the gas inlet of the gas catalytic reaction system and the gas inlet of the first tail gas detection device (32) through a first three-way valve (31); the gas outlet of the gas catalytic reaction system is respectively connected to the gas inlet of the second tail gas detection device (10) and the gas inlet of the tail gas absorption device through a second three-way valve (9); the first tail gas detection device (32), the second tail gas detection device (10), the mass flow controller (3) and the terminal controller (13) are communicatively connected; The desorption pretreatment system comprises a fixed bed desorber (5), a first tubular resistance furnace (6), a first thermocouple (14), and a first temperature controller (15); wherein the air inlet and the air outlet of the desorption pretreatment system are both located at two ends of the fixed bed desorber (5), the fixed bed desorber (5) is placed in the first tubular resistance furnace (6), the first thermocouple (14) is vertically installed in the middle of the first tubular resistance furnace (5), and the first temperature controller (15) is connected to the first tubular resistance furnace (6) and the first thermocouple (14); The gas catalytic reaction system comprises a fixed bed reactor (7), a second tubular resistance furnace (8), a second thermocouple (16), and a second temperature controller (17); wherein the gas inlet end and the gas outlet end of the gas catalytic reaction system are both located at two ends of the fixed bed reactor (7); the fixed bed reactor is placed in the second tubular resistance furnace (8); the second thermocouple (16) is vertically installed in the middle of the second tubular resistance furnace; and the second temperature controller (17) is connected to the second tubular resistance furnace (8) and the second thermocouple (16); The tail gas absorption device is composed of a buffer tank (11) and an absorption tank (12), wherein the buffer tank (11) is connected to the absorption tank (12) through a pipeline; the absorption tank (12) is filled with alkaline absorption liquid; The pipeline connecting the gas outlet of the desorption pretreatment system with the gas catalytic reaction system and the gas inlet of the first exhaust gas detection device, and the pipeline connecting the gas outlet of the gas catalytic reaction system with the gas inlet of the second exhaust gas detection device are both provided with heating devices on the outside.
2. The detoxification treatment device for retired protective carbon materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A differential pressure gauge (4) is installed between the air purifier (2) and the mass flow controller (3).
3. The detoxification treatment device for retired protective carbon materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fixed bed desorber (5) and the fixed bed reactor (7) are made of glass, quartz or stainless steel.
4. The detoxification treatment device for retired protective carbon materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pipeline connecting the gas outlet of the desorption pretreatment system with the gas catalytic reaction system and the gas inlet of the first exhaust gas detection device (32) is wound with a first resistance wire (18), a third thermocouple (20) is arranged on the pipeline, and then wrapped with a thermal insulation tape, the first resistance wire (18) and the third thermocouple (20) are connected to a third temperature controller (21), and the outside of the pipeline is wrapped with a first thermal insulation tape (19).
5. The detoxification treatment device for retired protective carbon materials according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The temperature heating range of the first resistance wire (18) and the third thermocouple (20) is 25°C to 150°C.
6. The detoxification treatment device for retired protective carbon materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pipeline connecting the gas outlet of the gas catalytic reaction system and the gas inlet of the second exhaust gas detection device (10) is wound by a second resistance wire (22), a fourth thermocouple (23) is arranged on the pipeline, the second resistance wire (22) and the fourth thermocouple (23) are connected to a fourth temperature controller (25), and the outside of the pipeline is wrapped by a second insulation belt (24).
7. The detoxification treatment device for retired protective carbon materials according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The temperature heating range of the second resistance wire (22) and the fourth thermocouple (23) is 25°C to 150°C.
8. The detoxification treatment device for retired protective carbon materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gas source (1) is air cylinder gas, oxygen / inert gas mixture or an air compressor.
9. The detoxification treatment device for retired protective carbon materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The alkaline absorption liquid includes any one of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium hydroxide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
10. The detoxification treatment device for retired protective carbon materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heating range of the first thermocouple (14) and the second thermocouple (16) is 25°C to 1200°C.