Loudspeaker unit and array loudspeaker

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of loudspeakers, and discloses a loudspeaker unit and an array loudspeaker. The loudspeaker unit comprises a closed-loop-shaped shell wall, a plane voice diaphragm, a first sound pressure guide plate and a second sound pressure guide plate. The cross section, perpendicular to the first direction, of the closed-loop-shaped shell wall is in a hollow closed-loop shape, the plane voice diaphragm is located in the closed-loop-shaped shell wall, the thickness direction of the plane voice diaphragm is the third direction, the first direction is perpendicular to the third direction, and at least part of the edge of the plane voice diaphragm is arranged on the closed-loop-shaped shell wall. An inner cavity of the closed-loop-shaped shell wall is divided into a first sound cavity and a second sound cavity which are independent from each other by the plane sound film. The first sound pressure guide plate and the second sound pressure guide plate are both perpendicular to the first direction, the first sound pressure guide plate seals a port of one end of the first sound cavity in the first direction, and the second sound pressure guide plate seals a port of the other end of the second sound cavity in the first direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of loudspeakers, in particular to a loudspeaker unit and an array loudspeaker. Background Art

[0002] In the past nearly a hundred years, traditional loudspeakers have been actuated to generate sound through voice coils in the working air gap.

[0003] With the rise of electrostrictive and magnetostrictive materials, people's enthusiasm for developing piezoelectric loudspeakers and magnetostrictive material loudspeakers has been increasing. However, due to the limitations of the self-stretching size (strain limit) of these materials, the miniaturized loudspeakers made based on them are difficult to meet the usage requirements in terms of sound pressure level. Content of the Utility Model

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a loudspeaker unit and an array loudspeaker, which simplifies the structure of the loudspeaker unit and enables the array loudspeaker to obtain sufficient amplitude, meeting the requirements of miniaturized design while improving the sound pressure level.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The loudspeaker unit includes:

[0007] A closed-ring-shaped shell wall and a planar sound film. The cross-section of the closed-ring-shaped shell wall perpendicular to the first direction is a hollow closed ring. The planar sound film is located inside the closed-ring-shaped shell wall. The thickness direction of the planar sound film is the third direction, and the first direction and the third direction are perpendicular. At least part of the edge of the planar sound film is arranged on the closed-ring-shaped shell wall, and the planar sound film divides the inner cavity of the closed-ring-shaped shell wall into two independent first sound cavities and second sound cavities.

[0008] A first sound pressure guiding plate and a second sound pressure guiding plate, both of which are perpendicular to the first direction. The first sound pressure guiding plate closes one end port of the first sound cavity in the first direction, and the second sound pressure guiding plate closes the other end port of the second sound cavity in the first direction.

[0009] Optionally, the closed-ring-shaped shell wall includes a first end plate, a first cover plate, a second end plate, and a second cover plate that are connected end to end in sequence. The first end plate and the second end plate are oppositely arranged in the second direction. The first cover plate and the second cover plate are respectively located on both sides of the planar sound film in the third direction. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other pairwise. The first end plate, the first cover plate, the second end plate, and the planar sound film jointly enclose the first sound cavity, and the first end plate, the second cover plate, the second end plate, and the planar sound film jointly enclose the second sound cavity.

[0010] Optionally, one end of the planar diaphragm in the second direction is fixed to the first end plate, and in the direction from the first end plate to the second end plate, both the first cover plate and the second cover plate gradually move away from the planar diaphragm.

[0011] Optionally, the length direction of the planar diaphragm is parallel to the second direction, and the width direction is parallel to the first direction.

[0012] Optionally, it further includes a flexible suspension edge. The planar diaphragm is connected to the second end plate through the flexible suspension edge, and / or the planar diaphragm is connected to the first sound pressure guiding plate through the flexible suspension edge, and / or the planar diaphragm is connected to the second sound pressure guiding plate through the flexible suspension edge.

[0013] Optionally, the preset gap is not greater than 100 μm. There is the preset gap between the planar diaphragm and the second end plate, and / or there is the preset gap between the planar diaphragm and the first sound pressure guiding plate, and / or there is the preset gap between the planar diaphragm and the second sound pressure guiding plate.

[0014] Optionally, the closed-loop shell wall is a symmetric structure with the central plane of the planar diaphragm as the symmetry plane.

[0015] Optionally, the planar diaphragm includes an electrostrictive layer, a magnetostrictive layer, or an electrostatic loudspeaker layer.

[0016] An array speaker includes a plurality of the above-mentioned speaker units.

[0017] Optionally, the end faces of the speaker units in the third direction are fixedly connected in sequence.

[0018] Advantages of the present utility model:

[0019] The speaker unit and the array speaker provided in this embodiment use a planar diaphragm, which directly interacts with air, simplifies the structure of the speaker unit, increases mechanical stability, and reduces audio distortion. At the same time, the planar diaphragm reduces the effective vibration mass, thereby increasing the sound pressure level. By designing the layout relationship among the planar diaphragm, the closed-loop shell wall, the first sound pressure guiding plate, and the second sound pressure guiding plate, the vibration direction of the planar diaphragm is perpendicular to the sound pressure output direction of the speaker unit, which is beneficial to reducing the overall size after stacking multiple speaker units and significantly increases the sound pressure level of the array speaker. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the planar diaphragm provided by the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 2It is a schematic structural diagram of a planar sound film with a flexible suspension edge provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker unit (hiding the first sound pressure guide plate) provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an array speaker provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of an array speaker provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] In the figure:

[0027] 101, the first end plate; 102, the second end plate; 103, the first cover plate; 104, the second cover plate;

[0028] 200, the planar sound film; 210, the flexible suspension edge;

[0029] 300, the first sound pressure guide plate; 400, the second sound pressure guide plate;

[0030] 500, the first sound cavity; 600, the second sound cavity. Detailed implementation manners

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention. Additionally, it should be noted that for the sake of description, only parts related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all structures.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "connected", "connected to", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0033] In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may include the direct contact between the first and second features, or may include the situation where the first and second features are not in direct contact but in contact through additional features therebetween. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature being "below", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is lower than that of the second feature.

[0034] In the description of this embodiment, the orientation or positional relationships such as "above", "below", "right", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplifying the operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus cannot be construed as a limitation to the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for differentiation in description and have no special meaning.

[0035] As Figures 1 - 5 shown, this embodiment provides a loudspeaker unit and an array loudspeaker. The array loudspeaker includes a plurality of loudspeaker units. The loudspeaker unit includes a closed-loop-shaped housing wall, a planar sound film 200, a first sound pressure guiding plate 300, and a second sound pressure guiding plate 400. The planar sound film 200 has positive and negative poles and vibrates to generate sound when acted upon by an audio signal.

[0036] On the loudspeaker unit, the cross-section of the closed-loop-shaped housing wall perpendicular to the first direction is a hollow closed loop. The planar sound film 200 is located inside the closed-loop-shaped housing wall. The thickness direction of the planar sound film 200 is the third direction. The first direction and the third direction are perpendicular. At least part of the edge of the planar sound film 200 is arranged on the closed-loop-shaped housing wall. The planar sound film 200 divides the inner cavity of the closed-loop-shaped housing wall into two independent first sound cavities 500 and second sound cavities 600. Both the first sound pressure guiding plate 300 and the second sound pressure guiding plate 400 are perpendicular to the first direction. The first sound pressure guiding plate 300 closes one end port of the first sound cavity 500 in the first direction, and the second sound pressure guiding plate 400 closes the other end port of the second sound cavity 600 in the first direction.

[0037] When the loudspeaker unit provided in this embodiment works, the planar sound film 200 mainly vibrates along its thickness direction (the third direction) within the closed-loop-shaped shell wall, thereby generating sound pressure along the third direction in the first sound cavity 500 and the second sound cavity 600 on both sides of the planar sound film 200 respectively. The closed-loop-shaped shell wall and the first sound pressure guiding plate 300 together guide the sound pressure in the first sound cavity 500 by 90°, so that the sound pressure changes direction and is output along the first direction from the unclosed end port of the first sound cavity 500. The closed-loop-shaped shell wall and the second sound pressure guiding plate 400 together guide the sound pressure in the second sound cavity 600 by 90°, so that the sound pressure changes direction and is output along the first direction from the unclosed end port of the second sound cavity 600. The output directions of the first sound cavity 500 and the second sound cavity 600 are opposite, and both are perpendicular to the main vibration direction (the third direction) of the planar sound film 200.

[0038] The planar sound film 200 is used, which serves as both a vibrating body and a sound pressure radiator, directly interacting with air, simplifying the structure of the loudspeaker unit, increasing mechanical stability, and reducing audio distortion. At the same time, the planar sound film 200 reduces the effective vibration mass, thereby increasing the sound pressure level. By designing the layout relationship among the planar sound film 200, the closed-loop-shaped shell wall, the first sound pressure guiding plate 300, and the second sound pressure guiding plate 400, the vibration direction of the planar sound film 200 is perpendicular to the sound pressure output direction of the loudspeaker unit, which is beneficial to reducing the overall size after stacking multiple loudspeaker units and significantly increases the sound pressure level of the array loudspeaker.

[0039] Optionally, the closed-loop-shaped shell wall includes a first end plate 101, a first cover plate 103, a second end plate 102, and a second cover plate 104 that are connected end to end in sequence. The first end plate 101 and the second end plate 102 are oppositely arranged in the second direction. The first cover plate 103 and the second cover plate 104 are respectively located on both sides of the planar sound film 200 in the third direction. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other pairwise. The first end plate 101, the first cover plate 103, the second end plate 102, and the planar sound film 200 together enclose the first sound cavity 500, and the first end plate 101, the second cover plate 104, the second end plate 102, and the planar sound film 200 together enclose the second sound cavity 600. The structure of the closed-loop-shaped shell wall is simple. In this embodiment, the first end plate 101, the second end plate 102, the first cover plate 103, and the second cover plate 104 are all flat plates, which is convenient for the closed-loop-shaped shell walls to be stacked compactly and reduces the overall size of the array loudspeaker.

[0040] Optionally, the closed-loop-shaped shell wall is a symmetric structure with the central plane of the planar sound film 200 as the symmetry plane. The structure of the loudspeaker unit is beautiful and convenient for stacking among multiple loudspeaker units.

[0041] Optionally, one end of the planar diaphragm 200 in the second direction is fixed to the first end plate 101. From the direction of the first end plate 101 to the second end plate 102, both the first cover plate 103 and the second cover plate 104 gradually move away from the planar diaphragm 200. That is to say, one end of the planar diaphragm 200 is fixed and the amplitude is 0. Along the second direction, the amplitude of the planar diaphragm 200 gradually increases, and the first cover plate 103 and the second cover plate 104 adaptively increase the distance from the planar diaphragm 200, so that the planar diaphragm 200 can make full use of the vibration space within the closed-loop shell wall, which is beneficial to reducing the volume of the closed-loop shell wall, reducing the volume of the speaker unit and the array speaker, and realizing the micro design. In this embodiment, since the first end plate 101 is extremely narrow, the cross-section of the closed-loop shell wall perpendicular to the first direction is approximately triangular, for example, an isosceles triangle.

[0042] Optionally, the length direction of the planar diaphragm 200 is parallel to the second direction, and the width direction is parallel to the first direction. The amplitude of the planar diaphragm 200 gradually increases from zero in the length direction, which is beneficial to improving the sound pressure of the planar diaphragm 200.

[0043] As Figure 2 shown, in one embodiment, the speaker unit further includes a flexible suspension 210. The planar diaphragm 200 is connected to the second end plate 102 through the flexible suspension 210, the planar diaphragm 200 is connected to the first sound pressure guiding plate 300 through the flexible suspension 210, and the planar diaphragm 200 is connected to the second sound pressure guiding plate 400 through the flexible suspension 210. The flexible suspension 210 is made of a relatively soft material. Specifically, the edge of the end of the planar diaphragm 200 connected to the first end plate 101 is fixed, and the other edges are all connected to the closed-loop shell wall and the first sound pressure guiding plate 300 through the flexible suspension 210. On the one hand, the flexible suspension 210 adjusts and controls the vibration of the planar diaphragm 200 to make the planar diaphragm 200 generate the required radiated sound wave, and on the other hand, together with the planar diaphragm 200, it isolates the first sound cavity 500 and the second sound cavity 600. The flexible suspension 210 can be of a corrugated type, a planar type or a semi-circular type.

[0044] In another embodiment, the preset gap is not greater than 100um. There is a preset gap between the planar diaphragm 200 and the second end plate 102, there is a preset gap between the planar diaphragm 200 and the first sound pressure guiding plate 300, and there is a preset gap between the planar diaphragm 200 and the second sound pressure guiding plate 400. The preset gap not greater than 100um basically does not affect the mutual isolation of the first sound cavity 500 and the second sound cavity 600. Except for the edge connected to the first end plate 101, as Figure 1 shown, there is no need to provide a flexible suspension 210 on the planar diaphragm 200. The other edges of the planar diaphragm 200 can all be free edges, so as to have a larger amplitude, without the need to design and manufacture a flexible suspension 210, which is easier to implement in a MEMS micro speaker.

[0045] Optionally, the planar diaphragm 200 includes an electrostrictive layer, a magnetostrictive layer, or an electrostatic speaker layer. The electrostrictive layer can be made of a piezoelectric material, the magnetostrictive layer can be made of a magnetostrictive material, and the electrostatic speaker layer can be an electrostatic speaker in the prior art. By using the planar diaphragm 200 of the above type, the speaker unit made therefrom can obtain sufficient amplitude, and at the same time, the planar diaphragm 200 can directly interact with air, simplifying the speaker structure, increasing mechanical stability, and reducing audio distortion. When the planar diaphragm 200 includes an electrostrictive layer or a magnetostrictive layer, part of the edge of the planar diaphragm 200 is fixed on the closed-loop shell wall, and the remaining edges are arranged in the above-mentioned preset gap or flexible suspension edge 210. When the planar diaphragm 200 includes an electrostatic speaker layer, all edges of the planar diaphragm 200 are fixedly connected to the closed-loop shell wall, the first sound pressure guiding plate 300, and the second sound pressure guiding plate 400.

[0046] Optionally, in the array speaker, the end faces of the speaker units are fixedly connected in sequence in the third direction. The speaker units are stacked compactly, which is beneficial to realizing the miniaturized design of the array speaker.

[0047] In one embodiment, the speaker units are stacked in the third direction. Among two adjacent speaker units, the first end plate 101 of one speaker unit is fixedly connected to the second end plate 102 of another speaker to form a rectangular array speaker. As Figure 5 shown, the rectangular array speaker formed by stacking six speaker units has a compact structure, and the sound pressure output direction is located on both sides of the array speaker in the first direction. In another embodiment, as Figure 6 shown, the speaker units are stacked in the arc direction. Among two adjacent speaker units, the first end plate 101 of one speaker unit is connected to the first end plate 101 of another speaker unit, and the second end plate 102 of one speaker unit is connected to the second end plate 102 of another speaker unit to form a fan-shaped or circular array speaker. The array mode of the speaker units stacked to form the array speaker can be designed according to specific requirements. The above embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention.

[0048] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, rather than limitations on the implementation manners of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various obvious changes, re-adjustments and substitutions can be made without departing from the protection scope of the present utility model. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model shall be included within the protection scope of the claims of the present utility model.

Claims

1. Speaker unit, characterized in that, Comprising: A closed-loop-shaped shell wall and a planar sound diaphragm (200), wherein a cross-section of the closed-loop-shaped shell wall perpendicular to a first direction is a hollow closed-loop shape, the planar sound diaphragm (200) is located inside the closed-loop-shaped shell wall, a thickness direction of the planar sound diaphragm (200) is a third direction, the first direction and the third direction are perpendicular, at least a part of an edge of the planar sound diaphragm (200) is arranged on the closed-loop-shaped shell wall, and the planar sound diaphragm (200) divides an inner cavity of the closed-loop-shaped shell wall into an independent first sound cavity (500) and a second sound cavity (600); A first sound pressure guiding plate (300) and a second sound pressure guiding plate (400) both perpendicular to the first direction, wherein the first sound pressure guiding plate (300) closes one end port of the first sound cavity (500) in the first direction, and the second sound pressure guiding plate (400) closes the other end port of the second sound cavity (600) in the first direction.

2. The loudspeaker unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The closed-loop-shaped shell wall comprises a first end plate (101), a first cover plate (103), a second end plate (102) and a second cover plate (104) that are connected end to end in sequence, the first end plate (101) and the second end plate (102) are oppositely arranged in a second direction, the first cover plate (103) and the second cover plate (104) are respectively located on two sides of the planar sound diaphragm (200) in the third direction, the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other pairwise, the first end plate (101), the first cover plate (103), the second end plate (102) and the planar sound diaphragm (200) jointly enclose the first sound cavity (500), and the first end plate (101), the second cover plate (104), the second end plate (102) and the planar sound diaphragm (200) jointly enclose the second sound cavity (600).

3. The loudspeaker unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, One end of the planar sound diaphragm (200) in the second direction is fixed on the first end plate (101), and in a direction from the first end plate (101) to the second end plate (102), both the first cover plate (103) and the second cover plate (104) gradually move away from the planar sound diaphragm (200).

4. The loudspeaker unit according to claim 3, characterized in that, A length direction of the planar sound diaphragm (200) is parallel to the second direction, and a width direction thereof is parallel to the first direction.

5. The loudspeaker unit according to claim 3, characterized in that, Further comprising a flexible suspension edge (210), wherein the planar sound diaphragm (200) is connected to the second end plate (102) through the flexible suspension edge (210), and / or the planar sound diaphragm (200) is connected to the first sound pressure guiding plate (300) through the flexible suspension edge (210), and / or the planar sound diaphragm (200) is connected to the second sound pressure guiding plate (400) through the flexible suspension edge (210).

6. The loudspeaker unit according to claim 3, wherein A preset gap is not greater than 100 um, and the preset gap exists between the planar sound diaphragm (200) and the second end plate (102), and / or between the planar sound diaphragm (200) and the first sound pressure guiding plate (300), and / or between the planar sound diaphragm (200) and the second sound pressure guiding plate (400).

7. The loudspeaker unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The closed-loop-shaped shell wall is a symmetric structure with the central plane of the planar sound membrane (200) as the symmetry plane.

8. The loudspeaker unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planar sound membrane (200) includes an electrostrictive layer, a magnetostrictive layer, or an electrostatic speaker layer.

9. Array speaker, characterized in that, It includes a plurality of speaker units as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. The array speaker according to claim 9, wherein The end faces of the respective speaker units are fixedly connected in sequence in the third direction.

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