Fuel cell membrane electrode
The novel membrane electrode structure in fuel cells addresses low platinum utilization by optimizing layer configurations, achieving cost reduction without performance loss.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422084841.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-15
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-27
AI Technical Summary
The low utilization rate of platinum catalysts in existing fuel cells leads to high costs.
The fuel cell membrane electrode with a multi-layer structure, including a gas diffusion layer composed of hydrophilic carbon paper or hydrophobic carbon paper, a platinum catalyst layer and a perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer, is used to reduce the amount of platinum through pulse plating and spraying technology, and form a membrane electrode at high temperatures.
Without reducing the performance of the fuel cell, the amount of platinum catalyst is reduced and the cost of the fuel cell is reduced.
Smart Images
Figure CN223108917U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a fuel cell membrane electrode. Background Technique
[0002] The core part of a fuel cell stack is a membrane electrode, which includes a proton exchange membrane, a gas diffusion layer, and a catalyst layer. The catalyst layer uses platinum (Pt) as a catalyst material. At present, the manufacturing process of the catalyst layer is complex. First, Pt / C powder is prepared by an impregnation reduction method, then it is mixed evenly with a perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution (a proton transport carrier), and finally it is coated on the surface of the gas diffusion layer to form the catalyst layer. Since gas cannot pass through the perfluorosulfonic acid resin, hydrogen or oxygen will stay at the junction of the gas diffusion layer and the catalyst layer after passing through the gas diffusion layer, so that the chemical reaction of hydrogen or oxygen can only occur here, resulting in a very low utilization rate of the platinum catalyst.
[0003] Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a fuel cell membrane electrode that can solve the above performance problems. Content of the Utility Model
[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a fuel cell membrane electrode. The technical problem to be solved is to reduce the amount of platinum catalyst without reducing the performance of the fuel cell, so as to reduce the cost of platinum in the fuel cell.
[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the fuel cell membrane electrode provided by the utility model includes a first gas diffusion layer, a first catalyst layer, a first perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer, a proton exchange membrane layer, a second perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer, a second catalyst layer, and a second gas diffusion layer connected in sequence.
[0006] Further, the first gas diffusion layer and the second gas diffusion layer are both composed of hydrophilic carbon paper, hydrophobic carbon paper, hydrophilic carbon cloth, or hydrophobic carbon cloth.
[0007] Further, the thickness of both the first gas diffusion layer and the second gas diffusion layer is 110 - 400 μm.
[0008] Further, the first catalyst layer is composed of platinum, and its thickness is 5 - 15 μm.
[0009] Further, the second catalyst layer is composed of platinum, and its thickness is 10 - 50 μm.
[0010] Further, the first perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer is composed of perfluorosulfonic acid resin, and its thickness is 5 - 15 μm.
[0011] Furthermore, the proton exchange membrane layer is composed of a proton-conducting polymer membrane with a thickness of 25 to 183 μm.
[0012] Furthermore, the second perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer is composed of perfluorosulfonic acid resin with a thickness of 10 to 50 μm.
[0013] The utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0014] The fuel cell membrane electrode provided by the utility model can reduce the amount of platinum catalyst without reducing the performance of the fuel cell, thereby reducing the cost of platinum in the fuel cell. Description of the Drawings
[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the fuel cell membrane electrode of the utility model;
[0016] Among them, 10 - the first gas diffusion layer; 20 - the first catalyst layer; 30 - the first perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer; 40 - the proton exchange membrane layer; 50 - the second perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer; 60 - the second catalyst layer; 70 - the second gas diffusion layer. Detailed Embodiments
[0017] The utility model provides a fuel cell membrane electrode. The following takes specific embodiments and drawings to illustrate the detailed embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the utility model and are not used to limit the utility model.
[0018] Such as Figure 1As shown in the figure, the present utility model provides a fuel cell membrane electrode, which includes a first gas diffusion layer 10, a first catalyst layer 20, a first perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 30, a proton exchange membrane layer 40, a second perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 50, a second catalyst layer 60, and a second gas diffusion layer 70 connected in sequence. The first gas diffusion layer 10 and the second gas diffusion layer 70 can be selected from hydrophilic carbon paper, hydrophobic carbon paper, hydrophilic carbon cloth, or hydrophobic carbon cloth. Considering the ease of electroplating, hydrophilic materials are easier to electroplate evenly. Carbon cloth has flexibility and is not easy to maintain flatness in the electroplating solution. Therefore, the first gas diffusion layer 10 and the second gas diffusion layer 70 generally choose to use hydrophilic carbon paper. The thickness of both the first gas diffusion layer 10 and the second gas diffusion layer 70 can be 110 - 400 μm, preferably 190 μm. The first catalyst layer 20 and the second catalyst layer 60 are both composed of platinum. The first catalyst layer 20 is an anode catalyst. The thickness of the first catalyst layer 20 is 5 - 15 μm, preferably 10 μm. The second catalyst layer 60 is a cathode, and its thickness is 2 - 3 times that of the anode. The thickness of the second catalyst layer 60 is 10 - 50 μm, preferably 25 μm. The first perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 30 and the second perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 50 are both composed of perfluorosulfonic acid resin. The thickness of the first perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 30 is 5 - 15 μm, preferably 10 μm. The proton exchange membrane layer 40 is composed of a proton-conducting polymer membrane, and the proton-conducting polymer membrane is also called a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane. The thickness of the proton exchange membrane layer 40 is 25 - 183 μm. Different thicknesses result in different ion exchange capacities and tensile strengths. Considering comprehensively, the preferred thickness is 50.8 μm. The thickness of the second perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 50 is 10 - 50 μm, preferably 25 μm.
[0019] The preparation process of the above fuel cell membrane electrode is as follows:
[0020] 1) Preparation of the first gas diffusion layer 10: Use the commercially available hydrophilic carbon paper as the first gas diffusion layer 10, and its thickness is 110 - 400 μm;
[0021] 2) Preparation of the first catalyst layer 20: Using the first gas diffusion layer 10 obtained in step 1) as the negative electrode, a platinum mesh as the positive electrode, and a platinum salt as the electroplating solution, and adopting the pulse electroplating method, platinum nanoparticles with a size below 10 nm are electroplated onto the first gas diffusion layer 10 and dried at 50 - 60 °C to obtain the first catalyst layer 20 with a thickness of 5 - 15 μm. The forward pulse of the pulse electroplating method is 1 - 2 V, the reverse pulse is -2 - 0 V, and the conduction time is 0.5 - 5 minutes. The platinum salt is platinum acid or hexahydroxyplatinic acid with a concentration of 1 - 30 mmol / L, and the supporting electrolyte is 1 mol / L sulfuric acid or 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid (see Cynthia D. Cooper, et al., Ultra-low Pt loading catalyst layers prepared by pulse electrochemical deposition for PEM fuel cells, J Appl Electrochem DOI 10.1007 / s10800-017-1071-4, p1-9.);
[0022] 3) Preparation of the first perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 30: Spraying a 1 - 5 wt% perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution onto the first catalyst layer 20 obtained in step 2) using a spray gun and drying at 50 - 60 °C to obtain the first perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 30 (see Thomas Bayer, et al., Spray deposition of Nafion membranes: Electrode-supported fuel cells, Journal of Power Sources 327(2016)319-326.), with a thickness of 5 - 15 μm;
[0023] 4) Preparation of the proton exchange membrane layer 40: Boiling the proton exchange membrane in 3 wt% hydrogen peroxide for 1 hour, then washing with deionized water, then washing with 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution, and finally washing with deionized water again (see Mostafa Rahimnejad, et al., Synthesis, characterization and application studies of self-made Fe3O4 / PES nanocomposite membranes in microbial fuel cell, Electrochimica Acta 85(2012)700-706.), with a thickness of 25 - 183 μm;
[0024] 5) Preparation of the second gas diffusion layer 70: Use commercially available hydrophilic carbon paper as the second gas diffusion layer 70, with a thickness of 110 - 400 μm;
[0025] 6) Preparation of the second catalyst layer 60: Use the second gas diffusion layer 70 obtained in step 5) as the negative electrode, platinum mesh as the positive electrode, and platinum salt as the electroplating solution. Using the pulse electroplating method, platinum nanoparticles with a size below 10 nm are electroplated on the second gas diffusion layer 70 and dried at 50 - 60 °C to obtain the second catalyst layer 60, with a thickness of 10 - 50 μm; the forward pulse of the pulse electroplating method is 1 - 2 V, the reverse pulse is -2 - 0 V, and the conduction time is 0.5 - 5 minutes; the platinum salt is platinum acid or hexahydroxyplatinic acid, with a concentration of 1 - 30 mmol / L, and the supporting electrolyte is 1 mol / L sulfuric acid or 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid (see Cynthia D. Cooper, et al., Ultra-low Pt loading catalyst layers prepared by pulse electrochemical deposition for PEM fuel cells, J Appl Electrochem DOI 10.1007 / s10800-017-1071-4, p1-9.);
[0026] 7) Preparation of the second perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 50: Spray a 1 - 5 wt% perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution on the second catalyst layer 60 obtained in step 6) using a spray gun and dry it at 50 - 60 °C to obtain the second perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 50 (see Thomas Bayer, et al., Spray deposition of Nafion membranes: Electrode-supported fuel cells, Journal of Power Sources 327(2016)319-326.), with a thickness of 10 - 50 μm;
[0027] 8) Preparation of the membrane electrode: Arrange the above-mentioned first gas diffusion layer 10, first catalyst layer 20, first perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 30, proton exchange membrane layer 40, second perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 50, second catalyst layer 60, and second gas diffusion layer 70 in sequence, and hot press them at 130 °C under a pressure of 100 - 200 kg to form the fuel cell membrane electrode.
[0028] The present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
[0029] Example 1
[0030] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, the present utility model provides a fuel cell membrane electrode, which includes a first gas diffusion layer 10, a first catalyst layer 20, a first perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 30, a proton exchange membrane layer 40, a second perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 50, a second catalyst layer 60, and a second gas diffusion layer 70 that are connected in sequence. Both the first gas diffusion layer 10 and the second gas diffusion layer 70 are hydrophilic carbon papers, and their thicknesses are both 190 μm. Both the first catalyst layer 20 and the second catalyst layer 60 are composed of platinum. The first catalyst layer 20 is the anode, and its thickness is 10 μm. The second catalyst layer 60 is the cathode, and its thickness is 25 μm. Both the first perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 30 and the second perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 50 are composed of perfluorosulfonic acid resin. The thickness of the first perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 30 is 10 μm. The proton exchange membrane layer 40 is composed of a proton-conducting polymer membrane, and its thickness is 50.8 μm. The thickness of the second perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 50 is 25 μm.
[0031] Example 2
[0032] The preparation process of the fuel cell membrane electrode in the above Example 1 is as follows:
[0033] 1) Preparation of the first gas diffusion layer 10: Use the commercially available hydrophilic carbon paper as the first gas diffusion layer 10, and its thickness is 190 μm;
[0034] 2) Preparation of the first catalyst layer 20: Use the first gas diffusion layer 10 obtained in step 1) as the negative electrode, platinum mesh as the positive electrode, and platinum salt as the electroplating solution. Use the pulse electroplating method to electroplate platinum nanoparticles with a size of less than 10 nm on the first gas diffusion layer 10 and dry it at 50 °C to obtain the first catalyst layer 20, whose thickness is 10 μm; the forward pulse of the pulse electroplating method is 1.5 V, the reverse pulse is -1.5 V, and the conduction time is 2 minutes; the platinum salt is platinum acid, with a concentration of 10 mmol / L, and the supporting electrolyte is 1 mol / L sulfuric acid;
[0035] 3) Preparation of the first perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 30: Spray a 5 wt% perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution on the first catalyst layer 20 obtained in step 2) using a spray gun and dry it at 50 °C to obtain the first perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 30, whose thickness is 10 μm;
[0036] 4) Preparation of the proton exchange membrane layer 40: Boil the proton exchange membrane in 3 wt% hydrogen peroxide for 1 hour, then wash it with deionized water, then wash it with 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution, and finally wash it with deionized water again, and its thickness is 50.8 μm;
[0037] 5) Preparation of the second gas diffusion layer 70: Use the commercially available hydrophilic carbon paper as the second gas diffusion layer 70, and its thickness is 190 μm;
[0038] 6) Preparation of the second catalyst layer 60: Using the second gas diffusion layer 70 obtained in step 5) as the negative electrode, a platinum mesh as the positive electrode, and a platinum salt as the electroplating solution, and adopting the pulse electroplating method, platinum nanoparticles with a size of less than 10 nm are electroplated on the second gas diffusion layer 70 and dried at 50 °C to obtain the second catalyst layer 60 with a thickness of 25 μm; the forward pulse of the pulse electroplating method is 1.5 V, the reverse pulse is -1.5 V, and the conduction time is 3 minutes; the platinum salt is platinum acid with a concentration of 20 mmol / L, and the supporting electrolyte is 1 mol / L sulfuric acid;
[0039] 7) Preparation of the second perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 50: Spraying a 5 wt% perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution on the second catalyst layer 60 obtained in step 6) using a spray gun and drying at 50 °C to obtain the second perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 50 with a thickness of 25 μm;
[0040] 8) Preparation of the membrane electrode: Arrange the above-mentioned first gas diffusion layer 10, first catalyst layer 20, first perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 30, proton exchange membrane layer 40, second perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer 50, second catalyst layer 60 and second gas diffusion layer 70 in sequence, and hot press at 130 °C under a pressure of 100 - 200 kg to form the fuel cell membrane electrode.
[0041] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A fuel cell membrane electrode, characterized in that, The fuel cell membrane electrode comprises a first gas diffusion layer, a first catalyst layer, a first perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer, a proton exchange membrane layer, a second perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer, a second catalyst layer and a second gas diffusion layer which are connected in sequence.
2. The fuel cell membrane electrode according to claim 1, wherein Both the first gas diffusion layer and the second gas diffusion layer are composed of hydrophilic carbon paper, hydrophobic carbon paper, hydrophilic carbon cloth or hydrophobic carbon cloth.
3. The fuel cell membrane electrode according to claim 2, wherein, The thickness of both the first gas diffusion layer and the second gas diffusion layer is 110 - 400 μm.
4. The fuel cell membrane electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first catalyst layer is composed of platinum, and its thickness is 5 - 15 μm.
5. The fuel cell membrane electrode according to claim 1, wherein, The second catalyst layer is composed of platinum, and its thickness is 10 - 50 μm.
6. The fuel cell membrane electrode according to claim 1, wherein The first perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer is composed of perfluorosulfonic acid resin, and its thickness is 5 - 15 μm.
7. The fuel cell membrane electrode according to claim 1, wherein The proton exchange membrane layer is composed of a proton conductive polymer membrane, and its thickness is 25 - 183 μm.
8. The fuel cell membrane electrode according to claim 1, wherein The second perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer is composed of perfluorosulfonic acid resin, and its thickness is 10 - 50 μm.