Drilling, expanding and punching integrated drill bit structure for combined layer-penetrating drilling

Abstract

The utility model relates to a combined drilling, reaming and punching integrated drill bit structure for layer-penetrating drilling, which comprises a drill bit, a bearing tool arm, a long reaming tool arm and a short reaming tool arm, a connecting hole is arranged on the rear end face of the bearing tool arm, a connecting column head is arranged on the front end face of the bearing tool arm, a water guide cavity is arranged in the bearing tool arm, and the bearing tool arm is connected with the drill bit through the connecting column head. A long containing groove and a short containing groove are formed in the outer side face of the bearing tool arm, the long reaming tool arm and the short reaming tool arm are embedded in the long containing groove and the short containing groove respectively, the bearing tool arm is additionally provided with a plurality of main jet flow openings and a plurality of auxiliary jet flow openings, the main jet flow openings are located behind the long containing groove and the short containing groove, and the auxiliary jet flow openings are located at the bottoms of the long containing groove and the short containing groove. The requirements of synchronous operation of hydraulic cutting, hydraulic lubrication chip removal and metal tool drilling and chambering can be met at the same time, the operation convenience of drilling and chambering operation is improved, meanwhile, good universality and environment applicability are achieved, and the chambering difficulty is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a combined through-layer drilling, drilling, expanding and flushing integrated bit structure, belonging to the technical field of drilling equipment. Background Art

[0002] At present, in operations such as coal seam drilling, it is often necessary to perform small-diameter drilling penetration on the surface layer or a specific thickness of rock formation, and then perform drilling and reaming operations on the bottom rock formation. Although a variety of bit devices for drilling and reaming have been developed currently, when performing reaming operations after through-layer drilling, it is often necessary to first use ordinary drilling for drilling operations, and then replace the bit device with reaming ability for secondary reaming operations, which seriously affects the working efficiency of construction operations and increases the working cost. At the same time, when the current reaming equipment is running, it is often unable to flexibly adjust the reaming aperture during the reaming process according to the usage needs, further affecting the accuracy and flexibility of reaming operation control;

[0003] In response to this problem, although drill pipe devices that simultaneously have drilling and reaming functions have also been developed currently, such devices often require additional mechanical structures to be added to drill pipes and other devices, and at the same time, the structure and operation of the devices themselves are relatively complex. On the one hand, this leads to a relatively complex structure of the drilling equipment, high equipment maintenance and operation costs, and great operation difficulty. On the other hand, it also causes defects such as relatively poor transmission, control convenience and accuracy of the driving force during reaming operations, and relatively poor chip removal efficiency of the debris generated by drilling, thus affecting the working efficiency and accuracy of drilling and reaming operations to varying degrees, and therefore affecting the efficiency and quality of drilling and reaming operations.

[0004] Therefore, in view of this, the inventor, adhering to rich design and development and actual production experience in this related industry for many years, studies and improves the existing structure and deficiencies, and provides a combined through-layer drilling, drilling, expanding and flushing integrated bit structure, aiming to solve some existing equipment problems. Content of the Utility Model

[0005] In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the utility model provides a combined through-layer drilling, drilling, expanding and flushing integrated bit structure. This new type greatly simplifies the mechanical structure of the bit device, effectively improves the modularization degree of the device, and can simultaneously meet the needs of synchronous operations of hydraulic cutting, hydraulic lubrication and chip removal, and metal tool drilling and reaming. Thus, while improving the convenience of drilling and reaming operation control, it also has good versatility and environmental adaptability, and the drilling and reaming are flexible and convenient to adjust, with high control accuracy. It effectively simplifies the drilling and reaming operation process, reduces the reaming difficulty, improves the convenience of bit device maintenance and troubleshooting, helps to improve the drilling and reaming efficiency, and reduces the cost and difficulty of construction operations.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present utility model is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A combined through-layer drilling, drilling and reaming, and punching integrated drill bit structure includes a drill bit, a bearing cutter arm, a long reaming cutter arm, and a short reaming cutter arm. The bearing cutter arm is a cylindrical columnar structure. A connecting hole coaxial with it is provided on its rear end face, and a connecting stud coaxial with it is provided on its front end face. Both the connecting hole and the connecting stud are frustum structures, and connecting threads are provided on the hole wall of the connecting hole and the outer surface of the connecting stud. A water guiding cavity coaxial with it is provided inside the bearing cutter arm, and the rear end face of the water guiding cavity is communicated with the connecting hole. In addition, the bearing cutter arm is connected to the drill bit through the connecting stud and is coaxial. Another long receiving groove and a short receiving groove are provided on the outer side surface of the bearing cutter arm. The long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm are respectively embedded in the long receiving groove and the short receiving groove. The rear end faces of the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm are respectively hinged to the long receiving groove and the short receiving groove through a connecting mechanism. The long receiving groove and the short receiving groove are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the axis of the bearing cutter arm, and their axes form an angle of 0° - 90° with the axis of the bearing cutter arm. The bearing cutter arm is further provided with a plurality of main jet orifices and a plurality of auxiliary jet orifices. The main jet orifices are located behind the long receiving groove and the short receiving groove and are evenly distributed around the axis of the bearing cutter arm. The axes of the main jet orifices are vertically distributed with respect to the axis of the bearing cutter arm and are communicated with the water guiding cavity. The auxiliary jet orifices are respectively located at the bottoms of the long receiving groove and the short receiving groove and are distributed along the axes of the long receiving groove and the short receiving groove. Their axes intersect with the axes of the long receiving groove and the short receiving groove and the bearing cutter arm where they are located respectively, and are communicated with the water guiding cavity.

[0008] Furthermore, the length of the long reaming cutter arm is at least 2 - 6 times the length of the short reaming cutter arm. The distances between the front end face and the rear end face of the long reaming cutter arm and the front end face and the rear end face of the bearing cutter arm are not less than 10 millimeters. The distance between the rear end face of the short reaming cutter arm and the rear end face of the long reaming cutter arm is not less than 10% of the length of the long reaming cutter arm. At the same time, when the angles between the long reaming cutter arm, the short reaming cutter arm and the axis of the bearing cutter arm are 0°, the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm are respectively embedded in the long receiving groove and the short receiving groove, and the outer side surfaces of the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm are flush with the outer side surface of the bearing cutter arm.

[0009] Further, both the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm include a cutter body, a diversion groove, a cutting edge, and a diversion strip. The cutter body has a frustum structure with a cross-section being either a rectangle or an isosceles trapezoid. Its rear end face is connected to the connecting mechanism, and at least one cutting edge with an axis forming an angle of 0° - 30° with its axis is provided on its front end face. An operating surface is provided on the front half of its inner side surface. The length of the operating surface is 30% - 70% of the length of the cutter body, and the operating surface forms an angle of 5° - 35° with the axis of the cutter body. A number of diversion grooves are provided on the operating surface. The axes of the diversion grooves are parallel to the surface of the operating surface and form an angle of 10° - 60° with the axis of the cutter body. The diversion groove has a trough-like structure with a cross-section being an isosceles trapezoid. The side wall of the trough near the front end face of the cutter body is also connected to 1 - 3 cutting edges. At the same time, a diversion strip is additionally provided on the surface of the operating surface between two adjacent diversion grooves. The diversion strip has a strip-like structure with a cross-section being an isosceles trapezoid. Its axis forms an angle of 10° - 45° with the axis of the cutter body and is parallel to the operating surface. At the same time, both ends of the diversion strip are respectively connected to the port positions of two adjacent diversion grooves.

[0010] Further, a diversion plate is additionally provided on the outer side surface of the cutter body. The diversion plate has an arc plate-like structure coaxially distributed with the supporting cutter arm. And when the outer side surfaces of the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm are flush with the outer side surface of the supporting cutter arm, a drainage groove with a width of 1 - 5 mm is provided between one side surface of the diversion plate parallel to the axis of the supporting cutter arm and the side walls of the long storage groove and the short storage groove.

[0011] Further, the aperture of the auxiliary jet orifice is at least twice that of the main jet orifice. Among the auxiliary jet orifices, at least 3 auxiliary jet orifices are provided in both the long storage groove and the short storage groove. Among them, the axes of the auxiliary jet orifices located near the front half of the long storage groove and the short storage groove intersect with the axis of the supporting cutter arm and form an angle of 30° - 45°. The axes of the auxiliary jet orifices located near the rear half of the long storage groove and the short storage groove intersect with the axis of the supporting cutter arm and form an angle of 45° - 70°. The axes of the auxiliary jet orifices located in the middle part of the long storage groove and the short storage groove intersect with the axis of the supporting cutter arm and are perpendicularly distributed.

[0012] Further, the connecting mechanism includes a connecting hinge, an elastic pin, and a connecting ball head. The long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm are respectively hinged to the groove walls of the long storage groove and the short storage groove through the connecting hinge. And the rotation axis of the connecting hinge is perpendicularly distributed to the axis of the supporting cutter arm and is parallel to the bottom of the long storage groove and the short storage groove. There is at least one elastic pin, which is connected to the outer surface of the supporting cutter arm at the rear end faces of the long storage groove and the short storage groove. Its front end face is connected to the connecting ball head, and is in sliding connection with the outer surfaces of the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm respectively through the connecting ball head.

[0013] Further, a buffer cavity with a diameter 2-5 times that of the water guide cavity is provided at the connection position between the water guide cavity and the connection hole. A drainage cavity coaxial with it is provided inside the connection stud head. The diameter of the drainage cavity is 1.5-3 times that of the water guide cavity. At the same time, a drainage pipe parallel to its axis and with an outer diameter not greater than 2 / 3 of the diameter of the water guide cavity is provided inside the water guide cavity. A three-way connector is provided inside the buffer cavity. The buffer cavity is communicated with the water guide cavity and the drainage pipe inside the water guide cavity respectively through the three-way connector. At the same time, the three-way connector is communicated with the water guide cavity through a pressure relief valve. The front end face of the drainage pipe is embedded in the drainage cavity and is connected to the drainage cavity through a thread. At the same time, it is also communicated with the drainage cavity through a pressure relief valve. The water guide cavity is coaxially distributed with the buffer cavity and the drainage cavity respectively, and the buffer cavity is coaxially distributed with the connection hole. At the same time, at least one elastic sealing ring coaxial with it is provided at the bottom and side wall of the connection hole, and at least one elastic sealing ring coaxial with it is provided on the front end face and outer side face of the connection stud head.

[0014] The present invention greatly simplifies the mechanical structure of the drill bit device, effectively improves the modularization degree of the device, and can simultaneously meet the needs of hydraulic cutting, hydraulic lubrication and chip removal, and metal tool drilling and reaming synchronous operations. Thus, while improving the convenience of drilling and reaming operation control, it also has good versatility and environmental adaptability, and the drilling and reaming adjustment is flexible and convenient, with high control precision. It effectively simplifies the drilling and reaming operation process, reduces the difficulty of reaming, improves the convenience of drill bit device maintenance and troubleshooting, helps to improve the drilling and reaming efficiency, and reduces the cost and difficulty of construction operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The following will describe the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments;

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a partially sectional connection structure between the long reaming arm and the short reaming arm and the bearing arm in a reaming working state;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a partially sectional connection structure between the long reaming arm and the short reaming arm and the bearing arm in a retracted drilling working state;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a partially side view structure of the long reaming arm and the short reaming arm;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the working surface of the long reaming arm and the short reaming arm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0021] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and effects realized by the present utility model easy to construct, the present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0022] As Figures 1-5 shown, a combined through-layer drilling, drilling and reaming, and punching integrated drill bit structure includes a drill bit 1, a bearing cutter arm 2, a long reaming cutter arm 3, and a short reaming cutter arm 4. The bearing cutter arm 2 is a cylindrical columnar structure, with a connecting hole 5 coaxially distributed on its rear end face, and a connecting stud 6 coaxially distributed on its front end face. Both the connecting hole 5 and the connecting stud 6 are frustum structures, and connecting threads are provided on the hole wall of the connecting hole 5 and the outer surface of the connecting stud 6. A water guide cavity 7 coaxially distributed with it is provided inside the bearing cutter arm 2, and the rear end face of the water guide cavity 7 communicates with the connecting hole 5. In addition, the bearing cutter arm 2 is connected to the drill bit 1 through the connecting stud 6 and is coaxially distributed. Another long receiving groove 8 and a short receiving groove 9 are provided on the outer side surface of the bearing cutter arm 2, and the long reaming cutter arm 3 and the short reaming cutter arm 4 are respectively embedded in the long receiving groove 8 and the short receiving groove 9. The rear end faces of the long reaming cutter arm 3 and the short reaming cutter arm 4 are respectively hinged to the long receiving groove 8 and the short receiving groove 9 through a connecting mechanism 10. The long receiving groove 8 and the short receiving groove 9 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the axis of the bearing cutter arm 2, and their axes form an angle of 0° - 90° with the axis of the bearing cutter arm 2. The bearing cutter arm 2 is further provided with a plurality of main jet orifices 11 and a plurality of auxiliary jet orifices 12. The main jet orifices 11 are located behind the long receiving groove 8 and the short receiving groove 9 and are evenly distributed around the axis of the bearing cutter arm 2. The axes of each main jet orifice 10 are perpendicularly distributed to the axis of the bearing cutter arm 2 and communicate with the water guide cavity 7. The auxiliary jet orifices 12 are respectively located at the bottoms of the long receiving groove 8 and the short receiving groove 9 and are distributed along the axis directions of the long receiving groove 8 and the short receiving groove 9. Their axes respectively intersect with the axes of the long receiving groove 8 and the short receiving groove 9 and the bearing cutter arm 2 where they are located and communicate with the water guide cavity 7.

[0023] In this embodiment, the length of the long reaming cutter arm 3 is at least 2 - 6 times the length of the short reaming cutter arm 4. The distances between the front end face and the rear end face of the long reaming cutter arm 3 and the front end face and the rear end face of the bearing cutter arm 2 are both not less than 10 millimeters. The distance between the rear end face of the short reaming cutter arm 4 and the rear end face of the long reaming cutter arm 3 is not less than 10% of the length of the long reaming cutter arm 3. At the same time, when the angles between the long reaming cutter arm 3, the short reaming cutter arm 4 and the axis of the bearing cutter arm 2 are 0°, the long reaming cutter arm 3 and the short reaming cutter arm 4 are respectively embedded in the long receiving groove 8 and the short receiving groove 9, and the outer side surfaces of the long reaming cutter arm 3 and the short reaming cutter arm 4 are flush with the outer side surface of the bearing cutter arm 2.

[0024] In addition, the long reaming cutter arm 3 and the short reaming cutter arm 4 each include a cutter body 31, a diversion groove 32, a cutting edge 33, and a diversion strip 34. The cutter body 31 has a frustum structure with a cross-section in the shape of either a rectangle or an isosceles trapezoid. Its rear end face is connected to the connecting mechanism 10. At least one cutting edge 33 with an axis forming an angle of 0° - 30° with its axis is provided on the front end face. An operating surface 35 is provided on the front half of the inner side surface. The length of the operating surface 35 is 30% - 70% of the length of the cutter body 31, and the operating surface 35 forms an angle of 5° - 35° with the axis of the cutter body 31. A number of diversion grooves 36 are provided on the operating surface 35. The axes of the diversion grooves 36 are parallel to the surface of the operating surface 35 and form an angle of 10° - 60° with the axis of the cutter body 31. The diversion groove 36 has a groove-like structure with a cross-section in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid. The side wall of the groove body near the front end face of the cutter body 31 is also connected to 1 - 3 cutting edges 33. At the same time, a diversion strip 34 is provided on the surface of the operating surface 35 between two adjacent diversion grooves 36. The diversion strip 34 has a strip-like structure with a cross-section in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid. Its axis forms an angle of 10° - 45° with the axis of the cutter body 31 and is parallel to the operating surface 35. At the same time, the two ends of the diversion strip 34 are respectively connected to the port positions of two adjacent diversion grooves 35.

[0025] During the reaming process, the structural strength of the cutter body realizes the assembly positioning of the cutting edge and effectively bears and resists the pressure and friction force between the cutter body and the rock during the reaming process.

[0026] During reaming, each cutting edge directly cuts the rock wall to achieve the purpose of reaming. When the cutting edge cuts the rock layer, the operating surface, the diversion groove, and the diversion strip conduct the high-pressure water flow and the debris mixture during drilling and reaming, improving the cooling efficiency of the cutting edge and at the same time improving the efficiency of the chip removal operation.

[0027] In this embodiment, a diversion plate 37 is further provided on the outer side surface of the cutter body 31. The diversion plate 37 has an arc plate-like structure coaxially distributed with the bearing cutter arm 2. When the outer side surfaces of the long reaming cutter arm 3 and the short reaming cutter arm 4 are flush with the outer side surface of the bearing cutter arm 2, a drainage groove 13 with a width of 1 - 5 mm is provided between one side surface of the diversion plate 37 parallel to the axis of the bearing cutter arm 2 and the side walls of the long storage groove 8 and the short storage groove 9.

[0028] The provided diversion plate can discharge the high-pressure water discharged from the auxiliary jet orifice through the drainage groove when the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm are not unfolded, thereby forming a high-pressure water jet, and cooperating with the high-pressure water discharged from the main jet orifice to achieve high-pressure water cutting and chip removal of the rock layer and cooling the drilling equipment.

[0029] It should be emphasized that the diameter of the auxiliary jet orifice 12 is at least twice the diameter of the main jet orifice 11. Among the auxiliary jet orifices 12, at least three auxiliary jet orifices 12 are provided in both the long storage groove 8 and the short storage groove 9. Among them, the axes of the auxiliary jet orifices 12 located near the front half of the long storage groove 8 and the short storage groove 9 intersect with the axis of the load-bearing tool arm 2 and form an angle of 30° - 45°. The axes of the auxiliary jet orifices 12 located near the rear half of the long storage groove 8 and the short storage groove 9 intersect with the axis of the load-bearing tool arm 2 and form an angle of 45° - 70°. The axes of the auxiliary jet orifices 12 located in the middle part of the long storage groove 8 and the short storage groove 9 intersect with the axis of the load-bearing tool arm 2 and are perpendicularly distributed.

[0030] During operation, the axial distribution directions of the auxiliary jet orifices arranged along the axes of the long storage groove and the short storage groove are different. On the one hand, when the long reaming tool arm and the short reaming tool arm are at different working angles, there is at least one auxiliary jet orifice from which the high-pressure water jet has the maximum acting force on the long reaming tool arm and the short reaming tool arm, thereby improving the flexibility of the adjustment operation of the long reaming tool arm and the short reaming tool arm. On the other hand, by using the water volume in different directions, the flushing and chip removal and cooling efficiency of the high-pressure water on the long reaming tool arm and the short reaming tool arm are effectively improved.

[0031] In this embodiment, the connection mechanism 10 includes a connection hinge 101, an elastic pin 102, and a connection ball head 103. The long reaming tool arm 3 and the short reaming tool arm 4 are respectively hinged to the groove walls of the long storage groove 8 and the short storage groove 9 through the connection hinge 101. The rotation axis of the connection hinge 101 is perpendicularly distributed to the axis of the load-bearing tool arm 2 and is parallel to the bottoms of the long storage groove 8 and the short storage groove 9. There is at least one elastic pin 102, which is connected to the outer surface of the load-bearing tool arm 2 at the rear end faces of the long storage groove 8 and the short storage groove 9. Its front end face is connected to the connection ball head 103 and is in sliding connection with the outer surfaces of the long reaming tool arm 3 and the short reaming tool arm 4 through the connection ball head 103.

[0032] The provided connection hinge can meet the need for the long reaming tool arm and the short reaming tool arm to be flexibly unfolded and stored under the drive of high-pressure water. When the elastic pin is operating, its elastic force can ensure that the long reaming tool arm and the short reaming tool arm are respectively stored in the long storage groove and the short storage groove when the long reaming tool arm and the short reaming tool arm do not need to perform reaming operations. At the same time, by using the elastic force of the elastic pin, the elastic force of the elastic pin can be overcome by adjusting the high-pressure water pressure, so as to achieve the purpose of accurately adjusting the unfolding angles of the long reaming tool arm and the short reaming tool arm through the high-pressure water pressure.

[0033] In this embodiment, at the connection position between the water guide cavity 7 and the connection hole 5, a buffer cavity 14 with a diameter 2 - 5 times that of the water guide cavity 7 is provided. A drainage cavity 17 distributed coaxially therewith is provided inside the connection stud 6. The diameter of the drainage cavity 17 is 1.5 - 3 times that of the water guide cavity 7. At the same time, a drainage pipe 18 parallel to the axis of the water guide cavity 7 and with an outer diameter not greater than 2 / 3 of the diameter of the water guide cavity 7 is provided inside the water guide cavity 7. A three-way connector 19 is provided inside the buffer cavity 14. The buffer cavity 14 is communicated with the water guide cavity 7 and the drainage pipe 18 inside the water guide cavity 7 respectively through the three-way connector 19. At the same time, the three-way connector 19 is communicated with the water guide cavity 7 through a pressure relief valve 15. The front end face of the drainage pipe 18 is embedded in the drainage cavity 17 and is connected to the drainage cavity 17 through a thread. At the same time, it is also communicated with the drainage cavity 17 through a pressure relief valve 15. The water guide cavity 7 is coaxially distributed with the buffer cavity 14 and the drainage cavity 17 respectively. The buffer cavity 14 is coaxially distributed with the connection hole 5. At the same time, at least one elastic sealing ring 16 distributed coaxially therewith is provided at the bottom and side wall of the connection hole 5. At least one elastic sealing ring 16 distributed coaxially therewith is provided on the front end face and the outer side face of the connection stud 6.

[0034] During operation, when the pressure of the injected water body is lower than the set value, such as 8 MPa, the high-pressure water is directly transported to the drainage cavity through the drainage pipe under the adjustment of the set pressure relief valve, and is ejected from the drill bit through the drainage cavity to assist the drill bit in drilling operation; when the water pressure is greater than the set value, then under the adjustment of the pressure relief valve for the high-pressure water, the high-pressure water stops being transported to the drainage cavity, and is simultaneously transported to the water guide cavity, and the high-pressure water is transported to the main jet orifice and the auxiliary jet orifice through the water guide cavity, and the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm are driven to expand through the main jet orifice and the auxiliary jet orifice for reaming operation.

[0035] In the specific operation of this new type, first, according to the needs of the drilling operation, the structural parameters of the drill bit, the bearing cutter arm, the long reaming cutter arm, and the short reaming cutter arm that meet the construction requirements are selected and assembled. Then, the bearing cutter arm is communicated with the drill pipe through the connection hole at its rear end face, and the water guide cavity of the bearing cutter arm is communicated with the external high-pressure water system through the drill pipe, and the equipment assembly can be completed.

[0036] During the drilling operation, first connect the drill pipe to the drilling equipment and perform the drilling operation. While drilling, the high-pressure water system outside delivers high-pressure water through the drill pipe to the water guide cavity of the load-bearing cutter arm, and the pressure of the high-pressure water is less than the pressure of the connecting mechanism and the gravity of the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm. Thus, during the drilling process, on the one hand, the drill bit drills the rock formation, and while drilling, the high-pressure water is discharged through the drain port of the drill bit on the one hand, and on the other hand, through the main jet port and the auxiliary jet port of the load-bearing cutter arm, so that the high-pressure water flow synchronously performs hydraulic cutting on the rock formation of the borehole wall with the drilling operation of the drill bit, and flushes and cleans the debris generated after cutting with high-pressure water. In addition, the high-pressure water for spraying can also be used to cool the drill bit, the load-bearing cutter arm, the long reaming cutter arm, and the short reaming cutter arm. Thus, while improving the efficiency and quality of the drilling operation, it effectively reduces the frictional loss between the drill bit, the load-bearing cutter arm, the long reaming cutter arm, and the short reaming cutter arm and the rock formation during drilling, and effectively extends the service life of the equipment.

[0037] After completing the drilling operation of a specific depth rock formation, when it is necessary to perform a reaming operation while drilling in the subsequent rock formation, the pressure of the high-pressure water can be further increased. While improving the cutting ability of the high-pressure water on the rock formation to achieve auxiliary reaming, at the same time, the pressure when the high-pressure water is discharged from the auxiliary jet port is greater than the pressure of the connecting mechanism and the gravity of the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm. Thus, it is possible to use the high-pressure water to drive the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm to unfold, and after the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm unfold, it is possible to meet the requirement of synchronously using the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm to ream the borehole drilled by the drill bit after the drill bit completes the drilling operation;

[0038] During the reaming operation of the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm,

[0039] In the initial stage of reaming: Since the self-gravity of the short reaming cutter arm is smaller than that of the long reaming cutter arm, under the same pressure, the short reaming cutter arm first unfolds to perform a small-scale reaming operation, and then after the pressure increases, the long reaming cutter arm unfolds and then performs secondary reaming on the basis of the short reaming cutter arm completing the reaming. Thus, on the one hand, multi-layer reaming operations are realized, preventing the situation that the structure of the borehole wall is severely damaged due to excessive cutting amount in a single-layer reaming operation and affecting the drilling quality; on the other hand, it also reduces the cutting amount of the rock formation during a single reaming operation, thus effectively reducing the cutting resistance, effectively improving the working efficiency of the drilling operation, and helping to reduce the energy consumption of the drilling operation and the wear of the drill bit and other tools, and extending the service life of the equipment;

[0040] During the reaming process: Since the length of the long reaming cutter arm is greater than that of the short reaming cutter arm, during reaming, the long reaming cutter arm can cut and drill the rock formation in a larger range. Therefore, its cutting amount is larger, and the total amount and structure of the rock debris generated are relatively large. After a large amount of rock debris is cut by the long reaming cutter arm, the simultaneously operating short reaming cutter arm performs secondary cutting and crushing on the rock debris cut by the long reaming cutter arm, thereby overcoming the defects of increased energy consumption and resistance during drilling operation caused by a large amount of rock debris and a large amount of equipment wear.

[0041] At the same time, during the reaming operation, the pressure of high-pressure water is used to flexibly adjust the deployment angles of the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm, thereby accurately and flexibly adjusting the aperture of the reaming operation.

[0042] At the same time, when adjusting the deployment angles of the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm, the rotation speed of the drill pipe during the drilling operation can also be adjusted, and the centrifugal force under different rotation speed conditions is used to achieve the purpose of adjusting the deployment angles of the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm.

[0043] This new type greatly simplifies the mechanical structure of the drill bit equipment and effectively improves the modularization degree of the equipment. It can simultaneously meet the needs of hydraulic cutting, hydraulic lubrication for chip removal, and synchronous operation of metal tool drilling and reaming. Thus, while improving the convenience of drilling and reaming operation control, it also has good versatility and environmental adaptability. Moreover, the drilling and reaming adjustment is flexible and convenient, with high control precision. It effectively simplifies the drilling and reaming operation process, reduces the reaming difficulty, improves the convenience of drill bit equipment maintenance and troubleshooting, helps to improve the drilling and reaming efficiency, and reduces the cost and difficulty of construction operations.

[0044] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A combined through-layer drilling, drilling and expanding, and punching integrated drill bit structure, characterized in that: The described integrated drilling, reaming and flushing bit structure for combined cross-layer drilling includes a bit, a bearing cutter arm, a long reaming cutter arm, and a short reaming cutter arm. The bearing cutter arm has a cylindrical columnar structure. A connecting hole coaxial with it is provided on its rear end face, and a connecting stud coaxial with it is provided on its front end face. Both the connecting hole and the connecting stud are in a frustum structure, and connecting threads are provided on the inner wall of the connecting hole and the outer surface of the connecting stud. A water guiding cavity coaxial with it is provided inside the bearing cutter arm, and the rear end face of the water guiding cavity is communicated with the connecting hole. In addition, the bearing cutter arm is connected to the bit through the connecting stud and is coaxial. Another long receiving groove and a short receiving groove are provided on the outer side surface of the bearing cutter arm. The long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm are respectively embedded in the long receiving groove and the short receiving groove. The rear end faces of the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm are respectively hinged to the long receiving groove and the short receiving groove through a connecting mechanism. The long receiving groove and the short receiving groove are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the axis of the bearing cutter arm, and their axes form an angle of 0° - 90° with the axis of the bearing cutter arm. The bearing cutter arm is also provided with a number of main jet orifices and a number of auxiliary jet orifices. The main jet orifices are located behind the long receiving groove and the short receiving groove and are evenly distributed around the axis of the bearing cutter arm. The axes of the main jet orifices are perpendicular to the axis of the bearing cutter arm and are communicated with the water guiding cavity. The auxiliary jet orifices are respectively located at the bottoms of the long receiving groove and the short receiving groove and are distributed along the axes of the long receiving groove and the short receiving groove. Their axes intersect with the axes of the long receiving groove and the short receiving groove and the bearing cutter arm where they are located respectively, and are communicated with the water guiding cavity.

2. The integrated drill reaming and punching bit structure for combined cross - layer drilling according to claim 1, wherein: The length of the long reaming cutter arm is at least 2 - 6 times the length of the short reaming cutter arm. The distances between the front end face and the rear end face of the long reaming cutter arm and the front end face and the rear end face of the bearing cutter arm are not less than 10 millimeters. The distance between the rear end face of the short reaming cutter arm and the rear end face of the long reaming cutter arm is not less than 10% of the length of the long reaming cutter arm. At the same time, when the angles between the long reaming cutter arm, the short reaming cutter arm and the axis of the bearing cutter arm are 0°, the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm are respectively embedded in the long receiving groove and the short receiving groove, and the outer side surfaces of the long reaming cutter arm and the short reaming cutter arm are flush with the outer side surface of the bearing cutter arm.

3. The integrated drill reaming and punching bit structure for combined cross - layer drilling according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The long reaming knife arm and the short reaming knife arm both include a knife body, a guide groove, a cutting edge, and a guide strip, wherein the knife body is a prism structure with a cross section of any one of a rectangular and an isosceles trapezoidal shape, the rear end face of which is connected to a connecting mechanism, the front end face of which is provided with at least one cutting edge whose axis forms an angle of 0°-30° with its axis, the front half of the inner side face of which is provided with a working surface, the length of the working surface is 30%-70% of the length of the knife body, and the working surface forms an angle of 5°-35° with the axis of the knife body, a plurality of guide grooves are provided on the working surface, the guide strips The axis of the flow groove is distributed parallel to the surface of the working surface and forms an angle of 10°-60° with the axis of the cutter body. The guide groove is a groove-shaped structure with an isosceles trapezoidal cross-section, and the side wall of the groove body close to the front end face of the cutter body is also connected by 1-3 cutting edges. At the same time, a guide strip is provided on the working surface surface between two adjacent guide grooves. The guide strip is a strip-shaped structure with an isosceles trapezoidal cross-section, and its axis forms an angle of 10°-45° with the axis of the cutter body and is distributed parallel to the working surface. At the same time, the two ends of the guide strip are respectively connected to the port positions of the two adjacent guide grooves.

4. The integrated drill reaming and punching bit structure for combined cross - layer drilling according to claim 3, wherein: A guide plate is further arranged on the outer side of the blade body. The guide plate is an arc plate-shaped structure coaxially distributed with the load-bearing blade arm. When the outer side surfaces of the long reaming blade arm and the short reaming blade arm are flush with the outer side surface of the load-bearing blade arm, a drainage groove with a width of 1-5 mm is arranged between one of the side surfaces of the guide plate parallel to the axis of the load-bearing blade arm and the side walls of the long storage groove and the short storage groove.

5. The integrated drill reaming and punching bit structure for combined cross - layer drilling according to claim 1, wherein: The aperture of the auxiliary jet port is at least twice that of the main jet port, wherein in each auxiliary jet port, at least three auxiliary jet ports are arranged in the long receiving slot and the short receiving slot, wherein the axis of each auxiliary jet port located near the front half of the long receiving slot and the short receiving slot intersects with the axis of the bearing knife arm and forms an angle of 30°-45°, the axis of each auxiliary jet port located near the rear half of the long receiving slot and the short receiving slot intersects with the axis of the bearing knife arm and forms an angle of 45°-70°, and the axis of each auxiliary jet port located in the middle part of the long receiving slot and the short receiving slot intersects with the axis of the bearing knife arm and is vertically distributed.

6. The integrated drill reaming and punching bit structure for combined cross - layer drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting mechanism includes a connecting hinge, an elastic pin, and a connecting ball head, wherein the long reaming knife arm and the short reaming knife arm are respectively hinged to the long receiving groove and the short receiving groove walls through the connecting hinge, and the rotating axis of the connecting hinge is perpendicular to the axis of the load-bearing knife arm and parallel to the bottom of the long receiving groove and the short receiving groove. At least one elastic pin is connected to the outer surface of the load-bearing knife arm at the rear end surface of the long receiving groove and the short receiving groove, and its front end surface is connected to the connecting ball head, and is respectively abutted and slidably connected to the outer surfaces of the long reaming knife arm and the short reaming knife arm through the connecting ball head.

7. The integrated drill reaming and punching bit structure for combined cross - layer drilling according to claim 1, wherein: A buffer chamber with a diameter 2 - 5 times that of the water guide chamber is provided at the connection position between the water guide chamber and the connection hole. A drainage chamber coaxially distributed with it is arranged inside the connection stud, and the diameter of the drainage chamber is 1.5 - 3 times that of the water guide chamber. At the same time, a drainage pipe parallel to its axis and with an outer diameter not greater than 2 / 3 of the diameter of the water guide chamber is arranged inside the water guide chamber. A three-way connector is arranged inside the buffer chamber, and the buffer chamber is communicated with the water guide chamber and the drainage pipe inside the water guide chamber respectively through the three-way connector. At the same time, the three-way connector is communicated with the water guide chamber through a pressure relief valve. The front end face of the drainage pipe is embedded in the drainage chamber and is connected to the drainage chamber through a thread, and is also communicated with the drainage chamber through a pressure relief valve. The water guide chamber is coaxially distributed with the buffer chamber and the drainage chamber respectively, and the buffer chamber is coaxially distributed with the connection hole. At the same time, at least one elastic sealing ring coaxially distributed with it is provided at the bottom and side wall of the connection hole, and at least one elastic sealing ring coaxially distributed with it is provided on the front end face and outer side face of the connection stud.

Images