Perovskite battery assembly, power utilization device and power generation device

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model provides a perovskite battery assembly, a power utilization device and a power generation device. The perovskite battery assembly comprises a substrate layer; the at least two battery units are connected in series and located on one side of the substrate layer, each battery unit comprises a first electrode layer, a functional layer and a second electrode layer which are sequentially arranged in a laminated mode, and the functional layer comprises a perovskite light absorption layer; each battery unit is provided with an active area and a dead area, and the active areas of the adjacent battery units are segmented and connected in series through the dead areas; the dead zone is provided with a first groove penetrating through the first electrode layer, a second groove penetrating through the functional layer, and a third groove penetrating through the second electrode layer; the second electrode layer is electrically connected with the first electrode layer of the next-stage battery unit through an electrode connecting structure positioned in the second groove; wherein a reflecting layer is arranged between the substrate layer and the dead zone, and a projection area of the reflecting layer on the substrate layer along the thickness direction of the battery unit is located in a projection area of the dead zone on the substrate layer along the thickness direction of the battery unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of semiconductor technologies, and in particular, to a perovskite battery assembly, an electrical device, and a power generation device. Background Art

[0002] With the increasingly severe global ecological environment and energy shortage problems, clean and renewable solar photovoltaic power generation has been widely emphasized by various countries. As one of the new energy sources, perovskite solar cells have received extensive attention due to their advantages such as stable performance, safety, renewable, and pollution-free.

[0003] Currently, perovskite battery assemblies use the Pl, P2, P3 laser scribing methods commonly used in thin-film solar cells to achieve series and parallel connections of the batteries; however, this scribing method will generate battery dead zones and reduce the light-receiving area of the batteries. Therefore, in order to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite battery assemblies, it is urgent to improve the structure of perovskite batteries. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a perovskite battery assembly, an electrical device, and a power generation device. To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present disclosure is realized as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a perovskite battery assembly, including: a substrate layer; at least two serially connected battery units located on one side of the substrate layer, the battery units including a first electrode layer, a functional layer, and a second electrode layer stacked in sequence, the functional layer including a perovskite light-absorbing layer; the battery units having an active region and a dead region, the active regions of adjacent battery units being separated and serially connected by the dead regions; the dead region being provided with a first groove penetrating the first electrode layer, a second groove penetrating the functional layer, the second electrode layer being electrically connected to the first electrode layer of the next-stage battery unit through an electrode connection structure located in the second groove, and a third groove penetrating the second electrode layer; wherein, a reflective layer is provided between the substrate layer and the dead region, and a projection region of the reflective layer on the substrate layer in the thickness direction of the battery unit is located within a projection region of the dead region on the substrate layer in the thickness direction of the battery unit.

[0006] In this embodiment, a reflective layer is provided between the substrate layer and the dead zone, and the projection area of the reflective layer on the substrate layer along the thickness direction of the battery cell is located within the projection area of the dead zone on the substrate layer along the thickness direction of the battery cell. In this way, the incident light passing through the substrate layer and irradiating the dead zone can be reflected back to the substrate layer by the reflective layer. The reflected light is reflected again on the surface of the substrate layer away from the reflective layer to form secondary reflected light, and at least part of the secondary reflected light is reflected to the active area. In this way, the amount of incident light in the active area can be increased, the utilization rate of the incident light can be improved, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery module can be further improved.

[0007] In some embodiments, the reflective layer includes a reflective layer and a protective layer stacked in sequence along the thickness direction of the battery cell; wherein, the protective layer is located between the reflective layer and the first electrode layer.

[0008] In this embodiment, the reflective layer is used to reflect the incident light irradiating the dead zone, and the protective layer is used to protect the reflective layer to prevent the reflective layer from being oxidized, corroded or physically damaged, thereby improving the reliability of the reflective layer.

[0009] In some embodiments, the reflective layer satisfies one or more of the following conditions:

[0010] (1) The material of the reflective layer includes silver or aluminum;

[0011] (2) The material of the protective layer includes one or more of the following materials: silicon monoxide, magnesium fluoride, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, acrylic resin and polyurethane.

[0012] (3) The thickness range of the reflective layer is 20 - 200 nm;

[0013] (4) The thickness range of the protective layer is 10 - 100 nm.

[0014] In this embodiment, the materials and thicknesses of the reflective layer and the protective layer can be selected according to different situations, so as to ensure the performance, durability and applicability of each layer of material, thereby improving the reflectivity of the incident light and the reflection intensity after the incident light is reflected.

[0015] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the reflective layer on the first plane is a regular shape or an irregular shape; the first plane is parallel to the thickness direction of the battery cell.

[0016] In this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the reflective layer on the first plane can change with other factors, such as the laying position, the shape of the dead zone, etc. In this way, the matching degree between the reflective layer and the dead zone can be improved, the reflection path of the incident light can be increased, so that the incident light can be reflected to the active area more, thereby improving the reflectivity and reflection intensity of the incident light.

[0017] In some embodiments, one surface of the reflective layer in contact with the first electrode layer is a flat surface.

[0018] In this embodiment, the surface of the reflective layer in contact with the first electrode layer is a flat surface, which can increase the contact area between the protective layer and the first electrode layer, improve the flatness, and reduce the process difficulty.

[0019] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape includes one or more of a long strip shape, a serrated shape, a triangular shape, a semi-circular arc shape, and a multi-arc shape.

[0020] In this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the reflective layer can be set according to the projected shape of the dead zone on the substrate layer. In this way, the matching degree between the reflective layer and the dead zone can be improved, and thus the reflectivity and reflection intensity of the incident light can be improved.

[0021] In some embodiments, the width of the reflective layer in the first direction is a first width W1; the width of the dead zone in the first direction is a second width W2; the first direction is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the battery cell; wherein, the first width W1 is less than or equal to the second width W2.

[0022] In this embodiment, the first width W1 is less than or equal to the second width W2, so that the width of the reflective layer in the first direction does not exceed the width of the dead zone in the first direction. In this way, the incident light irradiated to the active region is not blocked by the reflective layer.

[0023] In some embodiments, the relationship between the first width W1 and the second width W2 is:

[0024] 90% W2 ≤ W1 ≤ 100% W2.

[0025] In this embodiment, the width of the reflective layer in the first direction accounts for more than 90% of the width of the dead zone in the first direction. In this way, the reflective layer can receive the light irradiated to the dead zone in a larger range. On the basis of ensuring that the incident light of the active region is not blocked, the reflection amount of the incident light irradiated to the dead zone by the reflective layer is increased, and the reflectivity of the light irradiated to the dead zone is improved.

[0026] In some embodiments, the perovskite battery assembly includes a bus bar, the bus bar is disposed on the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer of the battery cells at both ends of the perovskite battery assembly, and the reflective layer is laid between the substrate layer corresponding to the failed battery cell and the first electrode layer in the battery cells at both ends of the perovskite battery assembly.

[0027] In this embodiment, the incident light irradiated to the failed battery cell is reflected by the reflective layer to improve the reflectivity of the incident light, increase the amount of incident light in the active region, and thus improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery assembly.

[0028] In a second aspect, an electrical device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a perovskite battery assembly as described in the above embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0029] In a third aspect, a power generation device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a perovskite battery assembly as described in the above embodiments of the present disclosure. Description of the Drawings

[0030] Figure 1 Schematic structural diagram of a perovskite battery assembly according to one or more embodiments;

[0031] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the light transmission path in a perovskite battery assembly with a reflective layer according to one or more embodiments;

[0032] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the shape of a reflective layer according to one or more embodiments;

[0033] Figure 4 Schematic flow chart of a method for forming a reflective layer according to one or more embodiments Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 5 Schematic flow chart of a method for forming a reflective layer according to one or more embodiments Figure 2 ;

[0035] Figures 6a - 6e Schematic flow chart of a method for forming a battery cell on a reflective layer according to one or more embodiments;

[0036] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the relationship between gain and the area of the substrate layer according to one or more embodiments.

[0037] Symbol markings: 100 - perovskite battery assembly; 101 - substrate layer; 102 - battery cell; 1021 - first electrode layer; 1022 - functional layer; 1023 - second electrode layer; 102a - first transport layer; 102b - perovskite absorption layer; 102c - second transport layer; 103 - reflective layer; 103a - reflective material; 103b - protective material; 103c - reflective layer; 103d - protective layer; 104 - first groove; 105 - second groove; 106 - third groove. Detailed Embodiments

[0038] Next, in combination with the embodiments of the present disclosure and the accompanying drawings, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0039] In the following description, numerous specific details are given to provide a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be implemented without one or more of these details. In other instances, in order to avoid confusion with the present disclosure, some well-known technical features are not described; that is, not all features of the actual embodiments are described here, and the well-known functions and structures are not described in detail.

[0040] In the drawings, for clarity, the dimensions of layers, regions, elements, and their relative dimensions may be exaggerated. The same reference numerals denote the same elements throughout.

[0041] It should be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as "on", "adjacent to", "connected to", or "coupled to" another element or layer, it can be directly on, adjacent to, connected to, or coupled to the other element or layer, or there may be intervening elements or layers. In contrast, when an element is referred to as "directly on", "directly adjacent to", "directly connected to", or "directly coupled to" another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers. It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or parts, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or parts should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or part from another element, component, region, layer, or part. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure, the first element, component, region, layer, or part discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer, or part. And when discussing the second element, component, region, layer, or part, it does not indicate that the present disclosure necessarily has a first element, component, region, layer, or part.

[0042] Spatial relationship terms such as "under", "below", "beneath", "underneath", "above", "over", etc. may be used herein for convenience of description to describe the relationship of one element or feature shown in the figures with other elements or features. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientations shown in the figures, the spatial relationship terms are also intended to include different orientations of the device in use and operation. For example, if the device in the attached drawings is flipped, then an element or feature described as "under other elements" or "beneath them" or "under it" will be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary terms "under" and "beneath" can include both the upper and lower orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or other orientations) and the spatial descriptors used herein are to be interpreted accordingly.

[0043] The purpose of the terms used herein is only to describe specific embodiments and is not a limitation of the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms "comprising" and / or "including", when used in this specification, specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.

[0044] To fully understand the present disclosure, detailed steps and detailed structures will be presented in the following description to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure. The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below. However, in addition to these detailed descriptions, the present disclosure may have other embodiments.

[0045] Before introducing the embodiments of the present disclosure, each direction that may be involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure is defined first. The thickness direction of the battery cell is defined as the third direction, i.e., the Z-axis direction. In a plane perpendicular to the third direction, an intersecting first direction and a second direction are defined, i.e., the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. Here, the first direction is the X-axis direction and the second direction is the Y-axis direction. In a specific embodiment, any two of the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0046] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a perovskite battery assembly. Refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 which is an exemplary schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a perovskite battery assembly; as Figure 1As shown, the perovskite battery module 100 includes: a substrate layer 101; at least two serially connected battery cells 102 located on one side of the substrate layer 101. The battery cell 102 includes a first electrode layer 1021, a functional layer 1022, and a second electrode layer 1023 that are stacked in sequence. The functional layer 1022 includes a perovskite light-absorbing layer. The battery cell 102 has an active region and a dead region, and the active regions of adjacent battery cells 102 are divided and connected in series by the dead region. The dead region is provided with a first groove 104 penetrating the first electrode layer 1021 and a second groove 105 penetrating the functional layer 1022. The second electrode layer 1023 is electrically connected to the first electrode layer 1021 of the next-stage battery cell 102 through an electrode connection structure located in the second groove 105. Among them, a reflective layer 103 is provided between the substrate layer 101 and the dead region 202, and the projection area of the reflective layer 103 on the substrate layer 101 in the thickness direction of the battery cell is located within the projection area of the dead region on the substrate layer 101 in the thickness direction of the battery cell. It should be understood that the thickness direction of the battery cell is the Z-axis direction.

[0047] Here, the material of the substrate layer 101 includes but is not limited to transparent glass, such as tempered glass, etc. The size of the substrate layer 101 can be 1cm*2cm, 5cm*5cm, 8cm*8cm, etc.; the thickness of the substrate layer 101 in the Z-axis direction is 1-3mm.

[0048] The battery cell 102 may include a first electrode layer 1021, a functional layer 1022, and a second electrode layer 1023 that are stacked in sequence along the Z-axis direction; it should be noted that in some embodiments, the functional layer 1022 includes a perovskite light-absorbing layer, refer to Figure 1 ; in other embodiments, the functional layer 1022 includes a first transport layer 102a, a perovskite light-absorbing layer 102b, and a second transport layer 102c that are stacked in sequence along the Z-axis direction, refer to Figure 2 ; Exemplarily, the first transport layer 102a is a hole transport layer (HTL), and the second transport layer 102c is an electron transport layer (ETL); Exemplarily, the first transport layer 102a is an electron transport layer (ETL), and the second transport layer 102c is a hole transport layer (HTL).

[0049] The first electrode layer 1021 is a transparent conductive layer (TCO layer) that receives incident light. Its materials include but are not limited to indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), etc.; the thickness of the TCO layer is usually in the range of 50-200nm to ensure sufficient conductivity and transparency.

[0050] The perovskite absorption layer can be used to absorb sunlight for photoelectric conversion; the crystal structure of the perovskite absorption layer is ABX3 or A2CDX6. Among them, the A ion is a monovalent cation, the B ion is a divalent metal cation, the C ion is a monovalent metal cation, the D ion is a trivalent metal cation, and the X ion is a monovalent anion.

[0051] Optionally, the A ion is a monovalent cation with a relatively large radius, including at least one of an organic cation and a metal cation. More optionally, the organic cation includes at least one of an organic amine ion, a formamidinium group (HC(NH2)2 + , FA + ), and an imidazolyl group; more optionally, the metal cation includes Li + , sodium ion (Na + ), potassium ion (K + ), rubidium ion (Rb + ), cesium ion (Cs + ) at least one of. Further, the organic amine ion includes methylammonium group (CH3NH3 + , MA + ), dimethyldiammonium ion (MDA 2+ ), phenethylammonium ion (PEA + ), oleylammonium ion (OA + ), ethylamine group, propylamine group, butylamine group, pentylamine group, and hexylamine group at least one of.

[0052] Optionally, the B ion includes Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ , Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ge 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Ni 2+ at least one of; more optionally, the B ion includes one or two of Pb 2+ and Sn 2+ .

[0053] Optionally, the C ion includes Cs + , Ag + , K + , and Ru + at least one of.

[0054] Optionally, the D ion includes Bi 3+ , Ni 3+ , Fe 3+ , and Cu3+ at least one of;

[0055] Optionally, the X ion includes a fluoride ion (F - ), a chloride ion (Cl - ), a bromide ion (Br - ), an iodide ion (I - ), a thiocyanate ion (SCN - ); optionally, the X ion includes at least one of Cl - , Br - and I - among others.

[0056] The thickness of the perovskite absorption layer is between 400 nm and 1 μm; the preparation method of the perovskite absorption layer can adopt liquid-phase methods such as coating method, spin-coating method or blade coating method, or it can also be a gas-phase method.

[0057] The hole transport layer (HTL) can be a functional layer for selectively transporting holes and blocking electrons. Exemplarily, the materials of the hole transport layer include but are not limited to titanium dioxide (TiO2), nickel oxide, polymer of 3-hexylthiophene, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine], polycarbazole-thiophene-benzothiadiazole-thiophene, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine], Me-2PACz ([2-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid), polymers, etc.; in this embodiment, considering the hole extraction ability of the hole transport layer, its thickness is 10 - 50 nm.

[0058] The electron transport layer (ETL) can be used for extracting and transporting electrons. Exemplarily, the materials of the electron transport layer include but are not limited to PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester), C 60 etc.; in this embodiment, the thickness of the electron transport layer is optionally maintained in the range of 10 - 50 nm. The preparation method of the electron transport layer includes spin-coating method, etc.

[0059] The material of the second electrode layer 1023 includes one or more of a metal material, a carbon material, and a conductive metal oxide. Among them, the metal electrode materials such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), etc.; the carbon materials include one or more of carbon quantum dots, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanosheets; the conductive metal oxides include indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), and boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO). The thickness of the second electrode layer 1023 in the Z-axis direction can be selected in the range of 80 nm to 150 nm; the preparation method of the second electrode layer can be any one or several of methods such as vacuum evaporation, magnetron sputtering, or spin coating method.

[0060] Reference Figure 1 , the battery cell 102 further includes a first groove 104, a second groove 105, and a third groove 106; wherein, the first groove 104 penetrates the first electrode layer 1021. The second groove 105 penetrates the functional layer 1022. It should be noted that when the functional layer 1022 includes a perovskite light-absorbing layer, the second groove 105 penetrates the perovskite light-absorbing layer; when the functional layer 1022 includes a first transport layer 102a, a perovskite light-absorbing layer 102b, and a second transport layer 102c stacked in sequence along the Z-axis direction, the second groove 105 penetrates the first transport layer 102a, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 102b, and the second transport layer 102c. The third groove 106 at least penetrates the second electrode layer 1023; in some embodiments, the third groove 106 penetrates the second electrode layer 1023; in other embodiments, the third groove 106 penetrates the second electrode layer 1023 and the functional layer 1022. Here, the third groove 106 is located on the side of the second groove 105 away from the first groove 104. In other embodiments, the first groove 104, the second groove 105, and the third groove 106 can also be arranged in other ways, which are not limited in the present disclosure.

[0061] The first groove 104 is used to form a first scribing line, the second groove 105 is used to form a second scribing line, and the third groove 106 is used to form a third scribing line; in other embodiments, the first scribing line can also be called a P1 scribing line, the second scribing line can also be called a P2 scribing line, and the third scribing line can also be called a P3 scribing line.

[0062] Among them, the method for forming the first scribing line includes: using a laser to scribe the first electrode layer 1021 to form a plurality of first grooves 104. Here, the plurality of first grooves can be arranged at equal intervals or non-equal intervals along the X-axis direction, which is not limited in the present disclosure. During the process of forming the first transport layer 102a, the material of the first transport layer can be filled into the first groove to form the first scribing line (Pl scribing line).

[0063] The method for forming the second scribing line includes: using a laser to scribe the functional layer 1022 to form a plurality of second grooves 105. The positions of the second grooves 105 are offset by a preset distance to one side of each first scribing line. The preset distance is, for example, 0 to 20 μm. In other words, there may be a gap between the first scribing line and the second groove, or they may be adjacent. Fill the second grooves to form the second scribing line (P2 scribing line). Here, the filling material in the second grooves may be the material of the second electrode layer or other conductive materials. In this way, electrical connection between the second electrode layer of the previous battery cell and the first electrode layer of the next battery cell can be achieved through the second scribing line; in other words, the second electrode layer of the previous battery cell is electrically connected to the first electrode layer of the next-stage battery cell through the electrode connection structure (i.e., the second scribing line) located in the second groove.

[0064] The method for forming the third scribing line includes: using a laser to scribe at least the second electrode layer 1023 to form a third groove 106. The third groove 106 is used to form the third scribing line. The position of the third groove 106 is based on each first scribing line and is offset by a preset distance to the side of the second scribing line away from the first scribing line. The preset distance is, for example, 0 to 20 μm. In other words, there may be a gap between the second scribing line and the third scribing line, or they may be adjacent.

[0065] It should be noted that the third groove may only penetrate the second electrode layer, that is, only the second electrode layer is scribed, or it may penetrate both the second electrode layer and the functional layer (refer to Figure 1 as shown), that is, both the second electrode layer and the functional layer are scribed. However, it should be understood that in both of the above scribing methods, the second electrode layer needs to be scribed so as to prevent short circuit between adjacent two battery cells.

[0066] It should be noted that during the process of forming the first groove, the second groove and the third groove, the laser setting parameters used can be selected and set according to actual requirements, and are not limited here.

[0067] In some embodiments, the width range of the first scribing line in the X-axis direction is: 20 - 150 μm; optionally, the width of the first scribing line is 20 - 50 μm. The width range of the second scribing line in the X-axis direction is 30 - 200 μm; optionally, the width of the second scribing line is 50 - 100 μm. The width range of the third scribing line in the X-axis direction is 20 - 150 μm; optionally, the width of the third scribing line is 20 - 50 μm. The gap width between the first scribing line and the second scribing line is 0 - 20 μm, and / or the gap width between the second scribing line and the third scribing line is 0 - 20 μm.

[0068] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the reflective layer 103 is disposed between the substrate layer 101 and the dead zone (specifically Figure 1As shown in

[1031] . Specifically, the projection area of the reflective layer 103 on the substrate layer 101 in the Z-axis direction is located within the projection area of the dead zone on the substrate layer 101 in the Z-axis direction. In this way, the incident light that passes through the substrate layer and irradiates the dead zone can be reflected back to the substrate layer by the reflective layer. The reflected light is reflected again on the surface of the substrate layer away from the reflective layer to form secondary reflected light, and at least part of the secondary reflected light is reflected to the active area. In this way, the amount of incident light in the active area can be increased, the utilization rate of the incident light can be improved, and thus the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell module can be improved.

[0069] Reference Figure 2 , when the incident light irradiates the substrate layer 101 of the perovskite solar cell module, the incident light passes through the substrate layer 101. Part of the incident light irradiates the active area of the battery cell, and the other part of the incident light irradiates the dead zone of the battery cell. Among them, the incident light irradiating the dead zone is reflected by the reflective layer 103 to form reflected light, and the reflected light is reflected back to the substrate layer and undergoes refraction and secondary reflection on the surface of the substrate layer away from the battery cell. Among them, part of the reflected light is refracted out of the substrate layer, and the other part of the reflected light is reflected again to form secondary reflected light. At least part of the secondary reflected light is irradiated to the active area of the battery cell. In other words, the light received by the active area not only includes part of the incident light but also at least part of the secondary reflected light. In this way, the amount of light incident on the active area of the battery cell can be increased, and thus the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell module can be improved. It should be noted that the incident light can be sunlight or light emitted by a solar simulator.

[0070] In some embodiments, the reflective layer includes a reflective layer and a protective layer stacked along the Z-axis direction, wherein the protective layer is located between the reflective layer and the first electrode layer. Among them, the reflective layer is used to reflect the incident light, and the protective layer is used to protect the reflective layer to prevent the reflective layer from being oxidized, corroded or physically damaged.

[0071] In some embodiments, the reflective layer satisfies one or more of the following conditions: the material of the reflective layer includes silver (Ag) or aluminum (Al); the material of the protective layer includes at least one of the following: silicon monoxide (SiO), magnesium fluoride (MgF2), silicon nitride (Si3N4), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), acrylic resin and polyurethane. It should be understood that when the above materials are used as the materials of the protective layer, they can be used alone or in combination, and can be selected according to actual needs.

[0072] In some embodiments, the reflective layer satisfies one or more of the following conditions: the thickness range of the reflective layer in the Z-axis direction is 20-200 nm; optionally, the thickness of the reflective layer is 100-200 nm. The thickness range of the protective layer in the Z-axis direction is 10-100 nm; optionally, the thickness of the protective layer is 50 um.

[0073] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the materials and thicknesses of the reflective layer and the protective layer can be selected according to different situations, so as to ensure the performance, durability and applicability of the materials of each layer, thereby improving the reflectivity of incident light and the reflection intensity after the incident light is reflected.

[0074] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the reflective layer 103 in the first plane is a regular shape or an irregular shape; the first plane is parallel to the thickness direction of the battery cell; here, the first plane is the XZ plane formed by the X-axis and the Z-axis. Whether the cross-sectional shape of the reflective layer in the first plane is a regular shape or an irregular shape, the purpose is to improve the matching degree between the reflective layer and the dead zone, increase the reflection path of the incident light, so that the incident light can be reflected to the active area more.

[0075] In some embodiments, the surface of the reflective layer 103 in contact with the first electrode layer 1021 is a plane. Specifically, the surface of the protective layer away from the reflective layer is a plane. In this way, the contact area between the protective layer and the first electrode layer can be increased, the flatness of the contact surface can be improved, and the process difficulty can be reduced.

[0076] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 3 , the cross-sectional shape of the reflective layer 103 in the XZ plane includes a long strip shape ( Figure 3 Figure (a) in Figure 3 ), a serrated shape ( Figure 3 Figure (b) in Figure 3 ), a triangular shape ( Figure 3 Figure (c) in

[0077] In some embodiments, the width of the reflective layer 103 in the X-axis direction is the first width W1; the width of the dead zone in the X-axis direction is the second width W2; the first width W1 is less than or equal to the second width W2. In this way, the width of the reflective layer in the first direction does not exceed the width of the dead zone in the first direction, so that the incident light irradiated to the active area is not blocked by the reflective layer, and the probability that the incident light directed to the active area is blocked by the reflective layer is reduced.

[0078] In some specific embodiments, the relationship between the first width W1 and the second width W2 is: 90% W2 ≤ W1 ≤ 100% W2. In other words, the width of the reflective layer in the X-axis direction accounts for more than 90% of the width of the dead zone in the X-axis direction. In this way, the reflective layer can receive and reflect the light irradiated to the dead zone in a larger range, and on the basis of ensuring that the light irradiated to the active zone is not blocked, the amount of light reflected by the reflective layer to the light irradiated to the dead zone can be increased.

[0079] It should be understood that when the first width W1 and the second width W2 are exactly equal (i.e., W1 = W2), the projection area of the reflective layer on the substrate layer completely overlaps with the projection area of the dead zone on the substrate layer.

[0080] It should be noted that there may be a gap, that is, an interval setting, between any two of the first scribing line, the second scribing line, and the third scribing line, or there may be no gap, that is, an adjacent setting; therefore, when there is no gap between the scribing lines, the width of the dead zone in the X-axis direction is the sum of the widths of the first scribing line, the second scribing line, and the third scribing line in the X-axis direction. When there is a gap between the first scribing line and the second scribing line, and / or between the second scribing line and the third scribing line, the width of the dead zone in the X-axis direction is the sum of the widths of the first scribing line, the second scribing line, the third scribing line, and the gap in the X-axis direction.

[0081] Exemplarily, when there is no gap in the dead zone, the width of the dead zone in the X-axis direction is the sum of the widths of the first scribing line, the second scribing line, and the third scribing line in the X-axis direction. Specifically, the width of the first scribing line in the X-axis direction is L1, the width of the second scribing line in the X-axis direction is L2, and the width of the third scribing line in the X-axis direction is L3. Then the second width W2 of the dead zone is L1 + L2 + L3. At this time, W1 ≤ (L1 + L2 + L3).

[0082] Exemplarily, when there is a gap in the dead zone, the width of the first dead zone in the X-axis direction is the sum of the widths of the first scribing line, the second scribing line, the third scribing line, and the gap in the X-axis direction. Specifically, the width of the first scribing line in the X-axis direction is L1, the width of the second scribing line in the X-axis direction is L2, the width of the third scribing line in the X-axis direction is L3, and the width of the gap in the X-axis direction is L4. Then the second width W2 of the dead zone is L1 + L2 + L3 + L4. At this time, W1 ≤ (L1 + L2 + L3 + L4).

[0083] In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell module further includes a bus bar ( Figure 1 not shown in the figure), the bus bar is disposed on the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer of the battery cells at both ends of the perovskite solar cell module, and the reflective layer is laid between the substrate layer corresponding to the failed battery cell and the first electrode layer of the battery cells at both ends of the perovskite solar cell module.

[0084] In practical applications, after multiple battery cells are connected in series, the bus bar is used to lead out the battery cells at both ends of the perovskite battery module as the positive electrode and the negative electrode respectively. It should be noted that when the battery cells at both ends of the perovskite battery module directly lead out electrical signals from the second electrode layer in their respective battery cells, one of the battery cells at both ends is ineffective. This ineffective battery cell can also be called a dead zone. In this case, by setting the reflective layer between the substrate layer corresponding to the ineffective battery cell and the first electrode layer, the incident light irradiated on the ineffective battery cell can be reflected by the reflective layer to improve the reflectivity of the incident light, increase the amount of incident light in the active region, and thus improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery module.

[0085] It should be noted that the reflective layer (exemplarily, such as Figure 1 1032 shown in

[0086] is set between the substrate layer corresponding to the ineffective battery cell and the first electrode layer and does not exceed the area corresponding to the ineffective battery cell (excluding the edge area) in the X-axis direction, so that the incident light received by the effective battery cells adjacent to the ineffective battery cell is not affected.

[0087] Based on this, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, by setting a reflective layer between the substrate layer and the dead zone of the battery cell, and making the projection area of the reflective layer on the substrate layer located within the projection area of the dead zone on the substrate layer, the incident light directed to the dead zone is reflected by the reflective layer to the substrate layer, and then is reflected again through the surface of the substrate layer away from the battery cell to form secondary reflected light. The secondary reflected light is reflected back to the active region of the battery cell. In this way, the utilization rate of the incident light can be improved, the light incident amount in the active region of the battery cell can be increased, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery module can be improved.

[0087] To understand the present disclosure more clearly, based on the above perovskite battery module, the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a preparation process of a perovskite battery module; refer to Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figures 6a - 6e 。

[0088] As Figure 4 shown, the method steps of forming the reflective layer 103 on the substrate layer 101 include: providing a substrate layer, coating, laser treatment, painting, etc. Among them, providing a substrate layer includes: providing the substrate layer 101, such as glass. The surface of the substrate layer 101 is polished to make its surface flat. The polishing process includes but is not limited to chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process.

[0089] Coating includes: putting the substrate layer 101 into a vacuum coating machine, and uniformly coating the reflective material 103a (such as silver) on the surface of the substrate layer 101 through the action of high temperature and vacuum to form a reflective effect.

[0090] The laser treatment includes: etching the reflective material 103a to form reflective layers 103c with different shapes; such as the cross-sectional pattern being strip-shaped, serrated, triangular, semi-circular arc-shaped, multi-arc-shaped, etc.

[0091] The painting includes: coating a protective material 103b on the surface of the reflective layer 103c, such as silicon monoxide, paint, etc. The protective material is used to prevent the reflective layer from being oxidized and corroded. Among them, through the etching treatment, the protective material located in the gap between adjacent reflective layers is removed, and thus, a protective layer 103d can be formed.

[0092] Next, a first electrode layer 1021 is formed on the side of the reflective layer 103 away from the substrate layer 101. It should be noted that the first electrode layer 1021 is also deposited in the gap between adjacent reflective layers 103.

[0093] Such as Figure 5 As shown, another method step of forming the reflective layer 103 on the substrate layer 101 includes: providing the substrate layer, coating, laser treatment, painting, etc. Among them, providing the substrate layer includes: providing the substrate layer 101, such as glass. The surface of the substrate layer 101 is etched to form a surface with different cross-sectional shapes, such as grooves or depressions. Among them, it can be prepared by using a grooved mold when forming the substrate layer.

[0094] The coating includes: putting the substrate layer 101 into a vacuum coating machine, and through the action of high temperature and vacuum, uniformly coating the reflective material 103a (such as silver) on the surface of the substrate layer 101 to form a reflective effect.

[0095] The laser treatment includes: etching the reflective material 103a to form reflective layers 103c with different shapes, and setting adjacent reflective layers at intervals. Such as the cross-sectional pattern being strip-shaped, serrated, triangular, semi-circular arc-shaped, multi-arc-shaped, etc.

[0096] The painting includes: coating a protective material 103b on the surface of the reflective layer 103c, such as silicon monoxide, paint, etc. The protective material is used to prevent the reflective layer from being oxidized and corroded. Among them, through the etching treatment, the protective material located in the gap between adjacent reflective layers is removed, and thus, a protective layer 103d can be formed.

[0097] Next, a first electrode layer 1021 is formed on the side of the reflective layer 103 away from the substrate layer 101. It should be noted that the first electrode layer 1021 is also deposited in the gap between adjacent reflective layers 103.

[0098] In the above embodiments, the gap position between adjacent reflective layers can be filled with the first electrode layer, or can be filled with the substrate layer, or can be filled with both the substrate layer and the first electrode layer at the same time. The present disclosure does not make specific material limitations.

[0099] Reference Figure 6a , the reflective layer 103 is not only disposed between the dead zone and the substrate layer (such as Figure 6a shown as 1031), but also disposed between the substrate layer corresponding to the failed battery cell in the battery cells at both ends of the perovskite battery module and the first electrode layer (exemplarily, such as Figure 6a shown as 1032).

[0100] Reference Figure 6b , Figure 6c , Figure 6d and Figure 6e , Figure 6e is Figure 6d a top view in the XY plane, and battery cells 102 are formed on the substrate layer 101 and the reflective layer 103; specifically: reference Figure 6b , a first electrode layer 1021 is formed on the substrate layer 101 and the reflective layer 103, and the first electrode layer 1021 is scribed to form a first groove 104.

[0101] Prepare the functional layer, Figure 6c the functional layer shown in

[0102] includes a first transport layer 102a, a perovskite light-absorbing layer 102b, and a second transport layer 102c. The specific method is: a first transport layer 102a, a perovskite light-absorbing layer 102b, and a second transport layer 102c are sequentially formed on the first electrode layer 1021, and the first transport layer 102a, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 102b, and the second transport layer 102c are scribed to form a second groove 105.

[0103] Reference Figure 6d , a second electrode layer 1023 is formed on the second transport layer 102c, and at least the second electrode layer 1023 is scribed to form a third groove 106. Here, the third groove 106 may only penetrate the second electrode layer, or may penetrate the second electrode layer and the first transport layer 102a, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 102b, and the second transport layer 102c. The present disclosure does not make a limitation.

[0104] Among them, the methods for forming the first electrode layer, the hole transport layer, the perovskite absorption layer, the electron transport layer, and the second electrode layer include but are not limited to coating, vacuum evaporation, etc. Thus, a perovskite battery module with a reflective layer is formed.

[0105] Next, in combination with formulas, the gain of the light received by the active region in the perovskite battery module provided with a reflective layer will be explained.

[0106] The area of the substrate layer is A cm * A cm, and the size of the edge region of the substrate layer is 1.5 cm - 2.5 cm. Here, the size of the edge region of the substrate layer is determined to be a fixed value, that is, 2 cm. The effective area of the substrate layer after removing the edge region is (A - 2) * (A - 2) cm 2 In the effective area, the area ratio of the active region generally ranges from 90% to 98%, preferably 96 - 98%. In the following formula, the area ratio of the active region is determined to be 97%; in other words, the area ratio of the dead region in the effective area is 1 - (90% - 98%). In the following formula, the area ratio of the dead region is determined to be 1 - 97%, that is, 3%. When the light reflected by the reflective layer is transmitted to the substrate layer, the surface of the side of the substrate layer away from the reflective layer refracts and reflects the reflected light, and 5% of the reflected light. Based on this, the calculation formula for the optical gain B% is:

[0107] B% = ((A - 2) * (A - 2) * (1 - 97%) + (A * A - (A - 2) * (A - 2))) * 100% * 5% / (A * A)

[0108] By calculating the gains of multiple substrate layers with different sizes, Table 1 and Figure 7 .

[0109] Table 1

[0110] Width A Gain B (%) Width A Gain B (%) 4 3.79％ 15 1.36％ 5 3.25％ 16 1.29％ 6 2.84％ 17 1.22％ 7 2.53％ 18 1.17％ 8 2.27％ 19 1.12％ 9 2.07％ 20 1.07％ 10 1.90％ 21 1.03％ 11 1.75％ 22 0.99％ 12 1.63％ 23 0.96％ 13 1.53％ 24 0.92％ 14 1.44％

[0111] From Table 1 and Figure 7 it can be seen that the gain B% is inversely proportional to the size of the substrate layer. Under the current rule, different sizes of substrate layers can be selected according to requirements to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery module.

[0112] The present disclosure also provides an electrical device including the perovskite battery module as described in the above embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0113] The present disclosure also provides a power generation device including the perovskite battery module as described in the above embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0114] It should be understood that the "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" mentioned throughout the specification means that the specific features, structures or characteristics related to the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Therefore, the appearances of "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures or characteristics may be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. It should be understood that in various embodiments of the present disclosure, the magnitudes of the serial numbers of the above processes do not mean the order of execution, and the order of execution of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present disclosure. The serial numbers of the embodiments of the present disclosure above are only for description and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0115] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, and does not limit the patent scope of the present disclosure. Any equivalent structural transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present disclosure under the inventive concept of the present disclosure, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields is included in the patent protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell module, characterized in that, Comprising: A substrate layer; At least two serially connected battery cells, located on one side of the substrate layer, each battery cell including a first electrode layer, a functional layer, and a second electrode layer stacked in sequence, the functional layer including a perovskite light-absorbing layer; the battery cell has an active region and a dead region, and the active regions of adjacent battery cells are separated and serially connected by the dead region; The dead region is provided with a first groove penetrating the first electrode layer, a second groove penetrating the functional layer, the second electrode layer is electrically connected to the first electrode layer of the next-stage battery cell through an electrode connection structure located in the second groove, and a third groove penetrating the second electrode layer; Wherein, a reflective layer is provided between the substrate layer and the dead region, and the projection area of the reflective layer on the substrate layer in the thickness direction of the battery cell is located within the projection area of the dead region on the substrate layer in the thickness direction of the battery cell.

2. The perovskite battery component according to claim 1, wherein The reflective layer includes a reflective layer and a protective layer stacked in sequence in the thickness direction of the battery cell; wherein, the protective layer is located between the reflective layer and the first electrode layer.

3. The perovskite battery component according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reflective layer satisfies one or more of the following conditions: (1) The material of the reflective layer is silver or aluminum; (2) The material of the protective layer is one of the following materials: silicon monoxide, magnesium fluoride, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, acrylic resin, and polyurethane; (3) The thickness range of the reflective layer is 20 - 200 nm; (4) The thickness range of the protective layer is 10 - 100 nm.

4. The perovskite battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that The surface of the reflective layer in contact with the first electrode layer is a plane.

5. The perovskite battery component according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the reflective layer on the first plane includes one or more of a long strip shape, a serrated shape, a triangular shape, a semi-circular arc shape, and a multi-arc shape; the first plane is parallel to the thickness direction of the battery cell.

6. The perovskite battery component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the reflective layer in the first direction is a first width W1; the width of the dead region in the first direction is a second width W2; the first direction is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the battery cell; Wherein, the first width W1 is less than or equal to the second width W2.

7. The perovskite battery assembly according to claim 6, wherein The relationship between the first width W1 and the second width W2 is: 90%W2 ≤ W1 ≤ 100%W2.

8. The perovskite battery module according to claim 1, wherein The perovskite battery module includes a bus bar, the bus bar is arranged on the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer of the battery cells at both ends of the perovskite battery module, and the reflective layer is laid between the substrate layer corresponding to the failed battery cell and the first electrode layer in the battery cells at both ends of the perovskite battery module.

9. An electrical device, characterized in that, Comprising the perovskite battery module according to any one of claims 1 - 8.

10. A power generation device, characterized in that, Comprising the perovskite battery module according to any one of claims 1 - 8.

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