System for extracting biodiesel raw material from kitchen waste

Abstract

The utility model discloses a system for extracting a biodiesel raw material from kitchen waste. The system comprises a pulping pulverizer, a mixing distributor, a heat exchanger and a three-phase separation tank, wherein the pulping pulverizer and the mixing distributor are connected through a slurry circulating pipe, and a forced circulating pump is arranged on the slurry circulating pipe; the heat exchanger is connected to the top of the mixing distributor, the three-phase separation tank is connected to the top of the heat exchanger, a horn-shaped filter cover is arranged in the middle of the interior of the three-phase separation tank, the top end of the horn-shaped filter cover is connected with a solid-liquid mixture circulating pipe, and the solid-liquid mixture circulating pipe is connected with the pulping pulverizer; the pulping pulverizer at the top end of the three-phase separation tank is connected with the secondary steam circulating pipe; the pulping pulverizer, the mixing distributor, the heat exchanger and the three-phase separation tank are all of a closed structure. The system disclosed by the utility model has the characteristics of high oil phase extraction rate, good oil-water separation effect and low energy consumption, and provides important technical support for promoting resource utilization of the kitchen waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a system for extracting biodiesel raw materials, in particular to a system for extracting biodiesel raw materials from kitchen waste. Background Art

[0002] The reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization of food waste are of great significance. The current mainstream treatment process route is: food waste debris sorting - thermal hydrolysis - hydrocyclone crusher - centrifugal three-phase oil-water solid separator - anaerobic digestion - solid-liquid separation - aerated gas-liquid countercurrent separation tower - subsequent water treatment.

[0003] In the process of food waste treatment, extracting oil from food waste can not only reduce the pressure of anaerobic and subsequent sewage treatment, but also the extracted oil can be esterified with methanol after pretreatment. Glycerin and biodiesel can be produced in the presence of alkaline catalyst, and 0.8 tons of biodiesel can be extracted from each ton of oil. Therefore, using food waste to extract biodiesel raw materials is one of the important means of resource utilization of food waste.

[0004] However, the oil and fat in food waste can be categorized into floating oil, dispersed oil, emulsified oil, dissolved oil, and solid oil, depending on its presence. Existing processes for extracting oil and fat from food waste generally use centrifugal separation after heating. This technology offers advantages such as compact equipment, short residence time, and high efficiency. However, its disadvantages include high energy consumption, the fact that it can only remove a portion of the suspended and dispersed oil in the liquid phase, and a poor oil-water separation effect. The oil yield is low, typically around 2.5%, making it a limited treatment method for oil removal from food wastewater.

[0005] Based on this, how to further improve the extraction rate of the oil phase in food waste, thereby promoting the resource utilization of food waste, is a problem that every practitioner in the relevant field needs to think about and solve. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the above technical issues, the present invention provides a system and method for extracting biodiesel raw materials from food waste. The system has high oil extraction efficiency, good oil-water separation, and low energy consumption, providing important technical support for promoting the resource utilization of food waste.

[0007] The technical solution of this utility model:

[0008] Provided is a system for extracting biodiesel raw materials from food waste, comprising a pulping mill, a mixing and distributing device, a heat exchanger, and a three-phase separation tank; wherein the pulping mill is provided with a feed pipe, the pulping mill and the mixing and distributing device are connected via a pulp circulation pipe, and the pulp circulation pipe is provided with a forced circulation pump; the mixing and distributing device is a funnel-shaped structure, the heat exchanger is connected to the top of the mixing and distributing device, and a heat exchange pipe communicating with the mixing and distributing device is provided inside the heat exchanger; a steam inlet and a steam outlet are provided on the outside of the heat exchanger; the three-phase separation The tank is connected to the top of the heat exchanger and is connected to the heat exchange pipe. An inverted trumpet-shaped filter cover is provided in the middle of the three-phase separation tank. The edge of the trumpet-shaped filter cover is tightly connected to the inner wall of the three-phase separation tank. The top of the trumpet-shaped filter cover is connected to a solid-liquid mixture circulation pipe, which is connected to the pulping crusher; the top of the three-phase separation tank is connected to a secondary steam circulation pipe, which is connected to the pulping crusher; the pulping crusher, mixing distributor, heat exchanger and three-phase separation tank are all closed structures.

[0009] In this solution, the mixing distributor, heat exchanger and three-phase separation tank are integrated into one, and connected to the pulping mill through a pipeline to form a closed structure. When the system heats the slurry, the system is in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, and the temperature can reach above 150°C. Under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, the oil yield of the kitchen waste is higher; at the same time, the solid-liquid mixture after three-phase separation is circulated to the pulping mill for repeated crushing and refining, which further improves the oil yield and makes the recovery rate of the oil phase higher.

[0010] At the same time, the refining flow route of the slurry in this scheme is from bottom to top. Under the synergistic effect of buoyancy and water shear force, oil droplets with a particle size of 5-10μm or more can be completely separated from water, thereby greatly improving the oil-water separation effect.

[0011] In addition, the system of this solution uses a bottom-up structural setting, so that the fine bubbles formed by the secondary steam generated after passing through the heat exchanger are adsorbed on the oil droplets, and the buoyancy of the secondary steam itself is used to bring the oil droplets out of the liquid surface, thereby further improving the oil-water separation effect.

[0012] Preferably, in the aforementioned system for extracting biodiesel raw materials from food waste, an oil-water separation flotation column is further provided on the top of the three-phase separation tank, an oil-water secondary separation tank is provided outside the oil-water separation flotation column, the oil-water secondary separation tank is a closed structure, an overflow pipe is provided on the side of the oil-water secondary separation tank, and a pressure relief valve is provided on the top; the secondary steam circulation pipe is connected to the top of the oil-water secondary separation tank.

[0013] This solution uses an oil-water separation flotation column and an oil-water secondary separation tank to separate oil and water, thereby shortening the separation residence time and improving the refining efficiency.

[0014] Preferably, in the aforementioned system for extracting biodiesel raw materials from food waste, a deflector sleeve is provided between the oil-water separation flotation column and the inner wall of the oil-water secondary separation tank, and the top of the deflector sleeve is connected to the top of the oil-water secondary separation tank.

[0015] This solution extends the flow path of the oil-water mixture in the oil-water secondary separation tank to a certain extent by arranging a deflection sleeve in the oil-water secondary separation tank, thereby further improving the oil-water separation effect.

[0016] Preferably, in the aforementioned system for extracting biodiesel raw materials from food waste, the upper end of the deflector sleeve is provided with vent holes connecting the two sides.

[0017] Preferably, in the aforementioned system for extracting biodiesel raw materials from food waste, a secondary separation water reflux pipe is provided between the bottom of the oil-water secondary separation tank and the top of the three-phase separation tank.

[0018] This solution sets a secondary separation water reflux pipe to return the water separated in the oil-water secondary separation tank to the three-phase separation tank, thereby increasing the water content of the slurry in the three-phase separation tank, increasing its fluidity, and reducing the amount of water added in the pulping mill, while also reducing the generation of waste liquid.

[0019] Preferably, in the aforementioned system for extracting biodiesel raw materials from food waste, a sediment collecting pipe is provided at the bottom of the mixing and distributing device, and a sediment discharge port is provided at the bottom of the sediment collecting pipe.

[0020] This solution can discharge the heavier sediment formed in the system by setting up a sediment collection pipe and a sediment discharge outlet, ensuring the smooth operation of the system.

[0021] Preferably, in the aforementioned system for extracting biodiesel raw materials from food waste, the trumpet-shaped filter cover is made of oleophilic material.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the utility model:

[0023] 1. The utility model integrates a mixing distributor, a heat exchanger and a three-phase separation tank into one, and connects them to a pulping mill through a pipeline to form a closed structure. When the system heats the slurry, the system is in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, and the temperature can reach above 150°C. Under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, the oil yield of the kitchen waste is higher. At the same time, the solid-liquid mixture after three-phase separation is circulated to the pulping mill for repeated crushing and refining, thereby further improving the oil yield and making the recovery rate of the oil phase higher.

[0024] 2. The oil refining flow route of the slurry in the utility model is from bottom to top. Under the synergistic effect of buoyancy and water shear force, oil droplets with a particle size of 5-10μm or more can be completely separated from water, thereby greatly improving the oil-water separation effect.

[0025] 3. The system of the present invention utilizes a bottom-up structural arrangement so that the fine bubbles formed by the secondary steam generated after passing through the heat exchanger are adsorbed on the oil droplets, thereby utilizing the buoyancy of the secondary steam itself to bring the oil droplets out of the liquid surface, thereby further improving the oil-water separation effect.

[0026] 4. The utility model sets an oil-water separation flotation column and an oil-water secondary separation tank, and uses the oil-water separation flotation column to separate oil and water, so that the separation residence time is shorter and the oil refining efficiency is higher.

[0027] 5. The utility model provides a deflection sleeve in the oil-water secondary separation tank, thereby extending the flow path of the oil-water mixture in the oil-water secondary separation tank to a certain extent, thereby further improving the oil-water separation effect.

[0028] 6. The utility model sets a secondary separation water reflux pipe, which can return the water separated in the oil-water secondary separation tank to the three-phase separation tank, thereby improving the water content of the slurry in the three-phase separation tank, increasing its fluidity, and reducing the amount of water added in the pulping mill, while also reducing the generation of waste liquid.

[0029] 7. The utility model is provided with a sediment collection pipe and a sediment discharge port, which can discharge the heavier sediment formed in the system and ensure the smooth operation of the system.

[0030] In summary, the system of the present invention has the advantages of high oil phase extraction rate, good oil-water separation effect and low energy consumption, and provides important technical support for promoting the resource utilization of kitchen waste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Attachment Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the system of the utility model.

[0032] Explanation of the accompanying symbols: 1-pulping mill, 2-feeding pipe, 3-slurry circulation pipe, 4-mixing distributor, 5-forced circulation pump, 6-heat exchanger, 7-heat exchange pipe, 8-steam inlet, 9-steam outlet, 10-three-phase separation tank, 11-trumpet-shaped filter cover, 12-solid-liquid mixture circulation pipe, 13-oil-water separation flotation column, 14-oil-water secondary separation tank, 15-overflow pipe, 16-secondary steam circulation pipe, 17-secondary separation water return pipe, 18-sediment collection pipe, 19-sediment discharge outlet, 20-baffle sleeve, 21-vent, 22-pressure relief valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0034] Embodiments of the present utility model

[0035] Example 1:

[0036] A system for extracting biodiesel raw materials from food waste, as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown, it includes a pulping and crushing machine 1, a mixing and distributing device 4, a heat exchanger 6 and a three-phase separation tank 10; the pulping and crushing machine 1 is an existing device, mainly composed of a closed crushing barrel, a stirring motor and a crushing blade;

[0037] The pulping and grinding machine 1 is provided with a feed pipe 2, which is connected to a food waste pretreatment device, wherein the pretreatment mainly includes conventional pretreatment processes such as iron removal and sand removal. The pulping and grinding machine 1 and the mixing and distributing device 4 are connected via a slurry circulation pipe 3, and the slurry circulation pipe 3 is provided with a forced circulation pump 5;

[0038] The mixing and distributing device 4 is a funnel-shaped structure. The heat exchanger 6 is connected to the top of the mixing and distributing device 4. A heat exchange pipe 7 communicating with the mixing and distributing device 4 is provided inside the heat exchanger 6. A steam inlet 8 and a steam outlet 9 are provided on the outside of the heat exchanger 6. Both the steam inlet 8 and the steam outlet 9 are connected to the steam generator.

[0039] The three-phase separation tank 10 is connected to the top of the heat exchanger 6 and is in communication with the heat exchange pipe 7. An inverted trumpet-shaped filter cover 11 is provided in the middle of the three-phase separation tank 10. The edge of the trumpet-shaped filter cover 11 is tightly connected to the inner wall of the three-phase separation tank 10. The top of the trumpet-shaped filter cover 11 is connected to a solid-liquid mixture circulation pipe 12, which is connected to the pulping mill 1.

[0040] The top of the three-phase separation tank 10 is connected to a secondary steam circulation pipe 16, which is connected to the pulping mill 1;

[0041] The pulping and disintegrating machine 1, the mixing and distributing device 4, the heat exchanger 6 and the three-phase separation tank 10 are all closed structures.

[0042] In the specific use of this embodiment, the pre-treated food waste is first fed into the pulping and pulverizing machine 1 for pulverization and pulping, and then fed into the mixing and distributing device 4 under the action of the forced circulation pump 5, and flows upward into the heat exchange tube 7 under the action of buoyancy. At this time, high-temperature steam enters the shell side of the heat exchanger 6 from the steam inlet 8 and heats the slurry in the heat exchange tube 7. The heating temperature can reach above 150°C. After the slurry is heated, most of the floating oil, dispersed oil, emulsified oil, dissolved oil and solid internal fat are extracted. As the mixture continues to rise into the three-phase separation tank 10, the upper oil phase is enriched and filtered when it reaches the trumpet-shaped filter cover 11, and then enters the top of the trumpet-shaped filter cover 11 for further oil-water separation or direct utilization, while the remaining solid-liquid mixture is sucked into the pulping mill 1 under the action of the negative pressure in the pulping mill 1, repeatedly crushed, and recirculated for oil refining; in addition, the secondary steam generated in the process enters the pulping mill 1 through the secondary steam circulation pipe 16, which can preheat the pulp therein, reducing energy waste.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, an oil-water separation flotation column 13 is further provided on the top of the three-phase separation tank 10, and an oil-water secondary separation tank 14 is provided outside the oil-water separation flotation column 13. The oil-water secondary separation tank 14 is a closed structure, and an overflow pipe 15 is provided on the side of the oil-water secondary separation tank 14, and a pressure relief valve 22 is provided on the top; the secondary steam circulation pipe 16 is connected to the top of the oil-water secondary separation tank 14.

[0044] The oil-water mixture that reaches the top of the trumpet-shaped filter cover 11 continues to rise under the impetus of subsequent materials, and flows into the oil-water secondary separation tank 14 through the oil-water separation flotation column 13. In this process, the oil-water separation is further completed, and the liquid level of the oil phase in the oil-water secondary separation tank 14 is controlled by the overflow pipe 15. The high-pressure environment generated in the system is controlled by the pressure relief valve 22.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, a deflector sleeve 20 is provided between the oil-water separation flotation column 13 and the inner wall of the oil-water secondary separation tank 14 , and the top of the deflector sleeve 20 is connected to the top of the oil-water secondary separation tank 14 .

[0046] The oil-water mixture flowing into the oil-water secondary separation tank 14 first flows downward through the inner wall of the deflector sleeve 20, then bypasses the gap below the deflector sleeve 20 and flows upward along its outer wall, thereby extending the flow residence time and promoting oil-water separation.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, a vent hole 21 is provided at the upper end of the deflector sleeve 20 , which is connected to both sides. The vent hole 21 is used to balance the pressure inside and outside the deflector sleeve 20 .

[0048] In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, a secondary separation water reflux pipe 17 is provided between the bottom of the oil-water secondary separation tank 14 and the top of the three-phase separation tank 10 .

[0049] The water phase enriched by gravity at the bottom of the oil-water secondary separation tank 14 flows into the three-phase separation tank 10 through the secondary separation water return pipe 17, thereby diluting the slurry and circulating with the slurry to the pulping mill 1 for pulping, thereby rationally utilizing the wastewater.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, a sediment collecting pipe 18 is provided at the bottom of the mixing and distributing device 4 , and a sediment discharge port 19 is provided at the bottom of the sediment collecting pipe 18 .

[0051] During the oil refining process, large particles in the slurry settle downward under the action of their own gravity and are enriched in the sediment collection pipe 18. After the sediment is enriched to a certain amount, the sediment discharge port 19 is opened for discharge.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the trumpet-shaped filter cover 11 is made of oleophilic material.

[0053] Example 2:

[0054] A method for extracting biodiesel raw materials from kitchen waste comprises the following steps:

[0055] S1. After preliminary impurity removal, the kitchen waste is fed into a pulping mill 1 and crushed to obtain a slurry;

[0056] S2. The slurry is fed into the mixing distributor 4 via the forced circulation pump 5 through the slurry circulation pipe 3. Under the action of the forced circulation pump 5, the slurry flows upward into the heat exchange pipe 7. After heat exchange with the steam in the shell side of the heat exchanger 6, the slurry is heated and the oil in the slurry is extracted. The slurry then flows into the three-phase separation tank 10 above. Under the action of the upward force, the solid-liquid and oil mixture continues to rise. The oil and solid-liquid mixture are separated by the action of the trumpet-shaped filter cover 11. The upper layer of oil enters the upper part of the trumpet-shaped filter cover 11, while the lower layer of solid-liquid mixture is circulated through the solid-liquid mixture circulation pipe 12 to the pulping mill 1 for cyclic grinding and repeated refining.

[0057] S3. The oil entering the trumpet-shaped filter cover 11 is used for further processing.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the pulping mill 1, the mixing distributor 4, the heat exchanger 6 and the three-phase separation tank 10 are all closed structures, and the temperature of the pulp in the heat exchanger 6 is above 150°C during oil refining.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the oil above the trumpet-shaped filter cover 11 is sent into a closed oil-water secondary separation tank 14 through an oil-water separation flotation column 13 provided on the top of the three-phase separation tank 10, and secondary oil-water separation is completed in the oil-water secondary separation tank 14, thereby further purifying.

[0060] The above is only a preferred specific implementation method of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to this. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and utility model concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and they should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for extracting biodiesel raw materials from food waste, characterized by: It comprises a pulping and pulverizing machine (1), a mixing and distributing device (4), a heat exchanger (6) and a three-phase separation tank (10); The pulping and crushing machine (1) is provided with a feed pipe (2), the pulping and crushing machine (1) and the mixing and distributing device (4) are connected via a pulp circulation pipe (3), and the pulp circulation pipe (3) is provided with a forced circulation pump (5); The mixing and distributing device (4) is a funnel-shaped structure. The heat exchanger (6) is connected to the top of the mixing and distributing device (4). A heat exchange pipe (7) communicating with the mixing and distributing device (4) is provided inside the heat exchanger (6). A steam inlet (8) and a steam outlet (9) are provided on the outside of the heat exchanger (6). The three-phase separation tank (10) is connected to the top of the heat exchanger (6) and is in communication with the heat exchange pipe (7). An inverted trumpet-shaped filter cover (11) is provided in the middle of the three-phase separation tank (10). The edge of the trumpet-shaped filter cover (11) is tightly connected to the inner wall of the three-phase separation tank (10). The top of the trumpet-shaped filter cover (11) is connected to a solid-liquid mixture circulation pipe (12), and the solid-liquid mixture circulation pipe (12) is connected to the pulping mill (1). The top of the three-phase separation tank (10) is connected to a secondary steam circulation pipe (16), and the secondary steam circulation pipe (16) is connected to the pulping mill (1); The pulping and pulverizing machine (1), the mixing and distributing device (4), the heat exchanger (6) and the three-phase separation tank (10) are all closed structures.

2. The system for extracting biodiesel raw materials from food waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: An oil-water separation flotation column (13) is further provided on the top of the three-phase separation tank (10), and an oil-water secondary separation tank (14) is provided outside the oil-water separation flotation column (13). The oil-water secondary separation tank (14) is a closed structure, an overflow pipe (15) is provided on the side of the oil-water secondary separation tank (14), and a pressure relief valve (22) is provided on the top; the secondary steam circulation pipe (16) is connected to the top of the oil-water secondary separation tank (14).

3. The system for extracting biodiesel raw materials from food waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: A deflector sleeve (20) is provided between the oil-water separation flotation column (13) and the inner wall of the oil-water secondary separation tank (14), and the top of the deflector sleeve (20) is connected to the top of the oil-water secondary separation tank (14).

4. The system for extracting biodiesel raw materials from food waste according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper end of the deflector sleeve (20) is provided with a vent hole (21) communicating with both sides.

5. The system for extracting biodiesel raw materials from food waste according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: A secondary separation water reflux pipe (17) is provided between the bottom of the oil-water secondary separation tank (14) and the top of the three-phase separation tank (10).

6. The system for extracting biodiesel raw materials from food waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sediment collecting pipe (18) is provided at the bottom of the mixing and distributing device (4), and a sediment discharge port (19) is provided at the bottom of the sediment collecting pipe (18).

7. The system for extracting biodiesel raw materials from food waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trumpet-shaped filter cover (11) is made of oleophilic material.

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