Battery shell smoke exhaust structure, battery pack and energy storage device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery shell smoke discharging structure, a battery pack and an energy storage device, the battery shell smoke discharging structure comprises a bottom plate, a concave part is formed in the bottom plate, the concave part is located on the side, close to a battery cell anti-explosion valve, of the bottom plate, and the concave part is used for guiding smoke released by the battery cell anti-explosion valve to a shell anti-explosion valve in the preset direction. The sunken part is formed on the structure of the bottom plate and is positioned on one side, close to the battery cell explosion-proof valve, of the bottom plate, so that when thermal runaway of the battery cell occurs, the sunken part can guide smoke released by the battery cell explosion-proof valve to the shell explosion-proof valve along the preset direction and discharge the smoke out of the battery pack, and rapid and directional pressure relief and exhaust are realized; the risk of thermal runaway of the whole pack caused by diffusion of smoke and heat in the whole pack after thermal runaway of a single battery cell is further reduced, and thermoelectric separation of the battery pack is more effective and thorough.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery housing smoke exhaust structure, a battery pack, and an energy storage device. Background Art

[0002] As power batteries become increasingly widely used, their safety issues are becoming increasingly apparent. In traditional battery packs, the explosion-proof valves face upward, making thermal runaway of a single cell a hazard. This can cause a high-voltage short circuit, leading to fire or even explosion. To circumvent this problem, a new generation of battery cell layouts has been developed, with the explosion-proof valves facing downward. When thermal runaway occurs, heat and smoke are discharged downward, separating them from the high and low voltage circuits, thus preventing the entire pack from catching fire or exploding. This structure is commonly known as a thermoelectric separation structure.

[0003] This traditional thermoelectric separation structure can discharge heat and smoke downward by setting the battery cell explosion-proof valve downward. However, after the battery cell thermal runaway, the smoke and heat in the battery pack cannot be discharged in a direction to the shell explosion-proof valve, so that the battery pack still has the risk of thermal runaway. Utility Model Content

[0004] The present application provides a battery shell smoke exhaust structure, a battery pack and an energy storage device, which are used to solve the problem in the prior art that smoke and heat in the battery pack cannot be discharged in a direction toward the explosion-proof valve after the battery cell thermal runaway, and the battery pack has a greater risk of thermal runaway.

[0005] On the one hand, the present application provides a battery shell smoke exhaust structure, including a bottom plate, on which a recessed portion is formed. The recessed portion is located on a side of the bottom plate close to the battery cell explosion-proof valve. The recessed portion is used to guide the smoke released by the battery cell explosion-proof valve to the shell explosion-proof valve along a preset direction.

[0006] In one possible design, the recessed portions are arranged at intervals on the bottom plate, and each recessed portion extends along the length direction of the bottom plate so that the smoke released by the battery cell explosion-proof valve is guided toward the shell explosion-proof valve along the length direction of the bottom plate.

[0007] In one possible design, the base plate includes:

[0008] Support plates, the support plates are arranged at intervals, and a first plane is formed on a side of the support plates close to the battery cells;

[0009] The connecting plate is arranged between two adjacent support plates and is used to connect the two adjacent support plates. A second plane is formed on one side of the connecting plate close to the battery core. There is a height difference between the first plane and the second plane to form a recessed portion.

[0010] In a possible design, a guiding slope is formed on an edge of the support plate close to the connecting plate, the guiding slope is used to connect the first plane and the second plane, and the guiding slope and the second plane together form a recessed portion.

[0011] In a possible design, the height difference between the first plane and the second plane is 10 mm-25 mm.

[0012] In one possible design, a connection groove is formed on a side of the support plate away from the battery cell, and an edge of the connection plate can extend into the connection groove and be fixedly connected to an inner wall of the connection groove.

[0013] In a possible design, a cavity is formed inside the support plate.

[0014] In a possible design, the support plate of the side beam close to the battery housing is an integral structure with the side beam; and / or the support plate of the longitudinal beam close to the battery housing is an integral structure with the longitudinal beam.

[0015] On the other hand, the present application also provides a battery pack, comprising the battery shell smoke exhaust structure as described above.

[0016] On the other hand, the present application also provides an energy storage device, including the battery pack as described above.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0018] The battery shell smoke exhaust structure of the present application forms a recessed portion on the bottom plate structure itself. The recessed portion is located on the side of the bottom plate close to the battery cell explosion-proof valve. When thermal runaway of the battery cell occurs, the recessed portion can guide the smoke released by the battery cell explosion-proof valve along a preset direction to the shell explosion-proof valve and discharge it outside the battery pack, thereby achieving rapid and directional pressure relief and exhaust. This further reduces the risk of thermal runaway of the entire pack caused by the diffusion of smoke and heat within the entire pack after thermal runaway of a single battery cell, which is conducive to making the thermal and electrical separation of the battery pack more effective and thorough. In addition, by forming a recessed portion on the bottom plate, the bottom plate can provide structural support for the entire module while also providing a directional heat and smoke exhaust channel after thermal runaway of the battery cell. This does not occupy the internal space of the battery shell and does not introduce other smoke exhaust structures, which is conducive to lightweighting the battery pack.

[0019] The battery pack provided in the present application includes the battery shell smoke exhaust structure in the present application, and therefore also includes all the above-mentioned advantages of the battery shell smoke exhaust structure.

[0020] The energy storage device provided in this application includes the battery pack in this application, and therefore also includes all the above-mentioned advantages of the battery pack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the battery housing smoke exhaust structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 A top view of the battery housing smoke exhaust structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The cross-sectional view about AA;

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of the structure at B.

[0026] Reference numerals:

[0027] 100, bottom plate; 110, recessed portion; 120, support plate; 121, first plane; 122, guide slope; 123, connection groove; 124, cavity; 130, connection plate; 131, second plane; 200, side beam; 300, longitudinal beam; 400, battery cell module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of this application in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] When one or more cells in a battery pack experience thermal runaway, the cells are filled with a large amount of heat and smoke within a short period of time. The heat and smoke are then discharged from the cell explosion-proof valve into the battery pack casing, where they diffuse to the location of the casing explosion-proof valve and are then discharged from the casing explosion-proof valve to the outside of the battery pack. However, the heat and smoke in the battery pack have no directional path to reach the casing explosion-proof valve, resulting in a long time for the heat and gases to be discharged from the battery pack. The present application provides a battery casing smoke exhaust structure that can direct heat and smoke to the casing explosion-proof valve for timely discharge from the battery pack.

[0030] The following combination Figure 1-Figure 4 , describing the battery housing smoke exhaust structure provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments provided herein, the battery case smoke exhaust structure includes a base plate 100, with a recessed portion 110 formed on the base plate 100. The recessed portion 110 is located on a side of the base plate 100 near the battery cell explosion-proof valve. The recessed portion 110 is used to guide the smoke released by the battery cell explosion-proof valve along a predetermined direction toward the case explosion-proof valve. In some specific embodiments, the battery cell explosion-proof valve is installed at one end of the battery cell near the base plate 100, and the recessed portion 110 is provided along the length of the base plate 100. The heat and smoke released from the battery cell explosion-proof valve into the battery pack will be guided along the length of the base plate 100 to the case explosion-proof valve.

[0032] Utilizing the technical solution of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present application, by forming a recessed portion 110 on the structure of the base plate 100 itself, the recessed portion 110 is located on the side of the base plate 100 close to the battery cell explosion-proof valve. When thermal runaway of the battery cell occurs, the recessed portion 110 can guide the smoke released by the battery cell explosion-proof valve along a preset direction to the shell explosion-proof valve and discharge it outside the battery pack, achieving rapid and directional pressure relief and exhaust. This further reduces the risk of thermal runaway of the entire pack caused by the diffusion of smoke and heat within the entire pack after thermal runaway of a single battery cell, which is conducive to making the thermal and electrical separation of the battery pack more effective and thorough. In addition, by forming the recessed portion 110 on the base plate 100, the base plate 100 can provide structural support for the entire module while also providing a directional heat and smoke exhaust channel after thermal runaway of the battery cell. This does not occupy the internal space of the battery shell and does not introduce other smoke exhaust structures, which is conducive to lightweighting the battery pack.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments provided by the present application, there are multiple recessed portions 110, and the multiple recessed portions 110 are arranged at intervals on the bottom plate 100. Each recessed portion 110 extends along the length direction of the bottom plate 100 so that the smoke released by the battery cell explosion-proof valve is guided to the shell explosion-proof valve along the length direction of the bottom plate 100. In some specific embodiments, the recessed portions 110 can be grooves spaced apart on the bottom plate 100, and the length direction of the grooves is the same as the length direction of the bottom plate 100. In this way, since the lower end of the battery cell contacts the upper end of the bottom plate 100, the recessed portion 110 does not contact the lower end of the battery cell, so a smoke exhaust channel is naturally formed in the recessed portion 110; when one or part of the battery cells experience thermal runaway, the heat and smoke released from the battery cell explosion-proof valve of the corresponding battery cell will flow to the recessed portion 110 and then flow along the recessed portion 110 to the shell explosion-proof valve and be discharged outside the battery pack.

[0034] Reference Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments provided herein, the base plate 100 includes a support plate 120 and a connecting plate 130. The support plates 120 are spaced apart, and a first flat surface 121 is formed on the side of the support plate 120 close to the battery cell. The connecting plate 130 is disposed between two adjacent support plates 120 and is used to connect the two adjacent support plates 120. A second flat surface 131 is formed on the side of the connecting plate 130 close to the battery cell. A height difference is formed between the first flat surface 121 and the second flat surface 131 to form the recessed portion 110. In some specific embodiments, the connecting plate 130 is fixedly connected to the support plate 120 by welding, and the height difference between the first flat surface 121 and the second flat surface 131 is 10 mm to 25 mm, for example, the height difference between the first flat surface 121 and the second flat surface 131 is 20 mm. In this way, by connecting the support plate 120 and the connecting plate 130 to each other, a height difference is created between the first plane 121 and the second plane 131 to form the recessed portion 110. On the one hand, this is beneficial for adjusting the width of the connecting plate 130 according to the battery size, thereby adjusting the width of the recessed portion 110. On the other hand, the position and number of the connecting plates 130 can be adjusted and increased or decreased according to the position of the battery cell explosion-proof valve, so that the recessed portion 110 corresponds to the position of the battery cell explosion-proof valve, thereby effectively and quickly discharging thermal runaway heat and smoke.

[0035] Reference Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments provided in the present application, a guide slope 122 is formed on the edge of the support plate 120 near the connecting plate 130. The guide slope 122 is used to connect the first plane 121 and the second plane 131. The guide slope 122 and the second plane 131 together form a recessed portion 110. In some specific embodiments, the angle between the guide slope 122 and the first plane 121 is 30 degrees. Providing the guide slope 122 on the edge of the support plate 120 near the connecting plate 130 is equivalent to increasing the width of the recessed portion 110 near the battery cell end, thereby increasing the flow cross-section of the recessed portion 110 without significantly reducing the strength of the support portion, thereby facilitating the heat and smoke discharged from the battery cell explosion-proof valve to flow faster to the shell explosion-proof valve and out of the battery pack.

[0036] Reference Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments provided herein, a connection groove 123 is formed on the side of the support plate 120 away from the battery cell, and the edge of the connection plate 130 can extend into the connection groove 123 and be fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connection groove 123. Specifically, the width of the connection groove 123 is 10-50 mm, the height of the connection groove 123 is 3-10 mm, and the contact position between the connection plate 130 and the connection groove 123 is welded and fixed. By providing the connection groove 123 on the support plate 120, the contact area between the connection plate 130 and the support plate 120 can be increased, thereby increasing the overall strength of the connection plate 130 and the support plate 120 after welding.

[0037] Reference Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments provided herein, a cavity 124 is formed inside the support plate 120. Specifically, a plurality of partitions are provided inside the support plate 120, which divide the interior of the support plate 120 into a plurality of cavities 124. Thus, by forming the cavities 124 inside the support plate 120, the strength of the support plate 120 can be increased while the weight of the support plate 120 can be controlled, which is conducive to achieving a lightweight battery pack.

[0038] Reference Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the support plate 120 of the side beam 200 close to the battery housing is an integral structure with the side beam 200; the support plate 120 of the longitudinal beam 300 close to the battery housing is an integral structure with the longitudinal beam 300. In some specific embodiments, the support plate 120 located on the far left and the left beam 200 are an integrally formed "L"-shaped structure, the support plate 120 located on the far right and the right beam 200 are an integrally formed "L"-shaped structure, and the support plate 120 located in the middle and the longitudinal beam 300 are an integrally formed "T"-shaped structure. The leftmost support plate 120 and the rightmost support plate 120 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the middle support plate 120. By designing the support plate 120 and the side beam 200 / longitudinal beam 300 as an integrally formed structure, the side beam 200 / longitudinal beam 300 can be used to provide support force to the support plate 120 along the height direction of the battery pack, thereby enhancing the overall strength of the battery housing.

[0039] The working principle of the battery housing smoke exhaust structure provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows:

[0040] When the battery pack is in normal working condition, the first plane 121 of the support plate 120 contacts the battery cell module 400, and the support plate 120 and the connecting plate 130 together form the bottom plate 100 of the battery housing;

[0041] When thermal runaway occurs in one or more battery cells in the battery cell module 400, the heat and smoke in the battery cell are released from the corresponding battery cell explosion-proof valve, and then guided to the shell explosion-proof valve along the recessed portion 110 formed by the second plane 131 and the guide slope 122 and discharged out of the battery pack.

[0042] An embodiment of the present application further provides a battery pack, comprising the battery housing smoke exhaust structure of the above embodiment.

[0043] The present application also provides an energy storage device including the battery pack described in the above embodiment. Specifically, the energy storage device may be a vehicle, an operating machine, or the like.

[0044] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0045] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0046] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0047] In this application, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0048] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A battery housing smoke exhaust structure, characterized in that: It includes a bottom plate with a recessed portion formed on the bottom plate. The recessed portion is located on a side of the bottom plate close to the battery cell explosion-proof valve. The recessed portion is used to guide the smoke released by the battery cell explosion-proof valve to the shell explosion-proof valve along a preset direction.

2. The battery housing smoke exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The recessed portions include a plurality of recessed portions, which are spaced apart on the bottom plate. Each recessed portion extends along the length direction of the bottom plate so that the smoke released by the battery cell explosion-proof valve is guided toward the shell explosion-proof valve along the length direction of the bottom plate.

3. The battery housing smoke exhaust structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom plate comprises: Support plates, the support plates are arranged at intervals, and a first plane is formed on a side of the support plates close to the battery cell; A connecting plate is arranged between two adjacent support plates and is used to connect the two adjacent support plates. A second plane is formed on one side of the connecting plate close to the battery core. There is a height difference between the first plane and the second plane to form the recessed portion.

4. The battery casing smoke exhaust structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: A guiding slope is formed on an edge of the support plate close to the connecting plate. The guiding slope is used to connect the first plane and the second plane. The guiding slope and the second plane together form the recessed portion.

5. The battery casing smoke exhaust structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: A height difference between the first plane and the second plane is 10 mm to 25 mm.

6. The battery casing smoke exhaust structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: A connecting groove is formed on one side of the support plate away from the battery core, and an edge of the connecting plate can extend into the connecting groove and be fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting groove.

7. The battery casing smoke exhaust structure according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: A cavity is formed inside the support plate.

8. The battery casing smoke exhaust structure according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: The support plate close to the side beam of the battery housing is an integral structure with the side beam; and / or the support plate close to the longitudinal beam of the battery housing is an integral structure with the longitudinal beam.

9. A battery pack, characterized in that: The battery housing smoke exhaust structure comprises the battery housing smoke exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An energy storage device, characterized in that: Including the battery pack according to claim 9.

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