High-voltage distribution box for electric ship
Through a high-voltage distribution box with integrated convergence and control functions, the problem of insufficient versatility and real-time monitoring in traditional designs is solved, and a high-integration and safe and stable power system is achieved, suitable for electric ships and new energy vehicles.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422352611.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-08
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-26
AI Technical Summary
The traditional high-voltage distribution box is designed with a single design, and it is impossible to achieve multi-function control, which increases the difficulty of system size and information scheduling, and lacks real-time monitoring and security guarantees.
Design a high-voltage distribution box with integrated bus and control functions, adopts steel bending welding box body, and has a multi-function charging and discharging circuit, including multiple interfaces and modular design, equipped with LCD display screen and BMS main control, realizes parallel bus and directional control of multiple battery boxes, and has IP68 waterproof level.
It realizes a high degree of integration of convergence and control, reduces space occupation and connection complexity, provides real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis, facilitates maintenance and upgrades, and ensures safe and stable operation of the system.
Smart Images
Figure CN223206650U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of distribution boxes, in particular to a high-voltage distribution box for electric ships. Background Art
[0002] Distribution boxes are widely used in new energy vehicles, electric ships, and some large mobile mechanical equipment. They not only need to meet the requirements of efficient energy transmission and conversion, but also ensure the safe and stable operation of the entire system. Therefore, the design of the power distribution system is very important. However, traditional distribution boxes still have the following defects:
[0003] Traditional high-voltage distribution box designs mostly adopt a single-function concept, that is, a distribution box can only realize one function, such as a separate controller function or a separate convergence function. When used, multiple different distribution boxes are required to jointly complete the control and convergence tasks, which increases the system volume and the difficulty of information scheduling, and also increases the difficulty of installation and maintenance. Utility Model Content
[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-voltage distribution box for electric ships, which can meet the design requirements of multi-functional control and operate stably and safely.
[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the utility model adopts the following technical solution: a high-voltage distribution box for electric ships, comprising a box body and a charging and discharging circuit structure, the box body being made of bent and welded steel, the top end of the box body being open and the edge of the opening being provided with a sealing gasket, the sealing gasket being made of foamed silicone, and a mounting fixture for mounting the charging and discharging circuit being provided inside the box body;
[0006] The charging and discharging circuit structure includes a positive input interface, a negative input interface, a first bus, a second bus, a Hall sensor, a negative relay, a first fuse, a negative output interface, a relay module, a positive output interface, a third bus, a fourth bus, and a first DC-DC module;
[0007] The relay module includes a discharge relay, a pre-charge relay and a pre-charge resistor. The pre-charge relay and the pre-charge resistor are connected in series to form a pre-charge branch. The pre-charge branch and the discharge relay are connected in parallel between the first bus and the second bus. The positive input interface is connected to the first bus, and the second bus is connected to the positive output interface.
[0008] The negative input interface is connected to the third busbar, the third busbar, the Hall sensor, the negative relay, the first fuse and the fourth busbar are connected in sequence, and the fourth busbar is connected to the negative output interface;
[0009] The first DC-DC module is connected to the positive output interface and the negative output interface, and the first DC-DC module is used to convert the output voltage;
[0010] There are multiple positive input interfaces and multiple negative input interfaces for connecting to the battery box, and a second fuse is connected between each positive input interface and the first bus.
[0011] This structure integrates current convergence and control functions. The number of positive and negative input interfaces can be stacked as needed to achieve parallel convergence of multiple battery boxes. Multiple relays can be used to control the power supply to the output interfaces in a targeted manner, thereby enabling power usage control for external devices. Because the convergence of multiple parallel battery boxes is simultaneously met, when the batteries are operating, the system current is very high. At this time, the pre-charge relay can effectively control the current path when the power supply is started, ensuring that the current flows through the pre-charge resistor rather than directly into the capacitor. This can avoid voltage shocks and equipment damage caused by sudden current increases. If the internal power of the battery is too low, the pre-charge relay will delay the functional current to reach the capacitor, ensuring that the capacitor is fully charged before proceeding to the next operation, thereby protecting the stable operation of the entire electrical system. In addition, the second fuse connected to the positive input interface can melt when the current is too large, ensuring the safe operation of the electrical system; and the box body of this distribution box is made of bent and welded steel, and there are installation and fixing points for power supply components at the bottom to ensure the strength of the electrical components. The top is sealed with a foam silicone gasket, so that the distribution box as a whole meets the IP68 waterproof level, further ensuring the safe and stable operation of the system.
[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the number of positive output interfaces and negative output interfaces are both multiple, the positive output interfaces include daily load positive output interfaces, oil pump positive output interfaces, and motor positive output interfaces, and the negative output interfaces include daily load negative output interfaces, oil pump negative output interfaces, and motor negative output interfaces;
[0013] The positive output interface of the daily load and the negative output interface of the daily load are used to supply power to the daily load, the positive output interface of the oil pump and the negative output interface of the oil pump are used to supply power to the oil pump, and the positive output interface of the motor and the negative output interface of the motor are used to supply power to the ship motor;
[0014] A third fuse is connected between the motor positive output interface and the second bus, a fourth fuse is connected between the daily load positive output interface and the second bus, and a fifth fuse is connected between the oil pump positive output interface and the second bus.
[0015] As a preference, the first fuse is a 500A fuse, the second fuse is a 150A fuse, the third fuse is a 50A fuse, and the fourth fuse and the fifth fuse are both 200A fuses.
[0016] As a preference, the charge and discharge circuit structure further includes a fan control interface and a charging interface, a fan relay is connected between the fan control interface and the first bus, and a charging relay is connected between the charging interface and the first bus.
[0017] As a preferred embodiment, it also includes a BMS main control fixedly installed in the box body, the BMS main control is electrically connected to the battery box and the charging and discharging circuit structure, and the BMS main control is used to transmit information with the battery box and control the start and close of the relay in the box body.
[0018] As a preferred embodiment, the box body is square, a display screen is installed on the front side wall of the box body, the positive input interface and the negative input interface are installed on the left side wall of the box body and both extend out of the box body, and the positive output interface and the negative output interface are installed on the right side wall of the box body and both extend out of the box body.
[0019] As a preference, the display screen is a liquid crystal display screen for displaying fault information and battery box status information.
[0020] As a preferred embodiment, the number of positive input interfaces and negative input interfaces is 4.
[0021] As a preferred embodiment, the box body is made of SPCC material.
[0022] As a preferred embodiment, four fixing ears are provided on the outer side of the bottom of the box body, and mounting holes are opened on the fixing ears.
[0023] In general, the utility model has the following advantages:
[0024] (1) The utility model realizes the integration of convergence and control, with high integration. The battery input of the high-voltage box can be infinitely superimposed, multiple battery boxes can be connected in parallel for convergence, and a single box can be controlled multiple times, that is, a high-voltage distribution box can control multiple battery boxes in parallel, which can not only perform the functions of a convergence cabinet, but also realize the functions of multiple controls; this design not only saves space, but also reduces the complexity of connections and potential failure points. In contrast, traditional high-voltage distribution boxes usually only have a single function, and multiple distribution boxes are required to jointly complete the control and convergence tasks, which increases the volume of the system and the difficulty of information scheduling, and also increases the difficulty of installation and maintenance.
[0025] (2) This high-voltage distribution box has an internal LCD screen that provides real-time data feedback, providing operators with real-time monitoring of operating parameters, including key indicators such as voltage, current, and temperature, with a high degree of visualization. This feature not only improves monitoring efficiency but also makes fault diagnosis more convenient. In contrast, traditional high-voltage distribution boxes usually lack such built-in monitoring functions and require external equipment and software for effective system monitoring and fault detection.
[0026] (3) The utility model is equipped with multiple interfaces and is compatible with a variety of interface standards, enabling it to seamlessly connect with various existing systems of new energy vehicles and electric ships. In addition, due to its modular design, it can be easily configured with various functional requirements to adapt to different application needs.
[0027] (4) The box body of the utility model has good sealing performance and can meet the IP68 waterproof level, which can ensure safe operation under various working conditions.
[0028] (5) The modular design of the present invention simplifies the maintenance and upgrade process. Each functional module can be replaced or upgraded independently without affecting the normal operation of other modules. This design reduces system downtime and reduces maintenance costs. Traditional high-voltage distribution boxes usually require a more complicated disassembly and reinstallation process to complete maintenance or upgrades. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the box body.
[0030] Figure 2 A front view of a high-voltage distribution box for electric ships.
[0031] Figure 3 A perspective view of a high-voltage distribution box for electric ships.
[0032] Figure 4 A plan view of a high-voltage distribution box for electric ships.
[0033] Figure 5 This is a left side view of a high-voltage distribution box for electric ships.
[0034] Figure 6 This is a right side view of a high-voltage distribution box for electric ships.
[0035] Figure 7 This is a circuit connection diagram of the charging and discharging circuit structure.
[0036] Among them, 1 is the box body, 101 is the fixing ear, 102 is the sealing gasket, and 103 is the BMS fixing bracket.
[0037] 201 is the positive input interface, 202 is the negative input interface, 203 is the first bus, 204 is the second bus, 205 is the Hall sensor, 206 is the negative relay, 207 is the first fuse, 208 is the first DC-DC module, 209 is the third bus, 210 is the fourth bus, 211 is the discharge relay, 212 is the pre-charge relay, 213 is the fan relay, 214 is the charging relay, 215 is the BMS master control, 216 is the motor positive output interface, 217 is the daily load positive output interface, 218 is the motor negative output interface, 219 is the daily load negative output interface, 220 is the charging interface, 221 is the display screen, and 222 is the second DC-DC module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.
[0039] Example 1
[0040] A high-voltage distribution box for electric ships, comprising a box body and a charging and discharging circuit structure. The box body is made of bent and welded steel. The top of the box body is open and a sealing gasket is provided at the edge of the opening. The sealing gasket is made of foamed silicone. The box body is provided with a mounting fixture for mounting the charging and discharging circuit.
[0041] The charging and discharging circuit structure includes a positive input interface, a negative input interface, a first bus, a second bus, a Hall sensor, a negative relay, a first fuse, a negative output interface, a relay module, a positive output interface, a third bus, a fourth bus, and a first DC-DC module;
[0042] The relay module includes a discharge relay, a pre-charge relay and a pre-charge resistor. The pre-charge relay and the pre-charge resistor are connected in series to form a pre-charge branch. The pre-charge branch and the discharge relay are connected in parallel between the first bus and the second bus. The positive input interface is connected to the first bus, and the second bus is connected to the positive output interface.
[0043] The negative input interface is connected to the third busbar, the third busbar, the Hall sensor, the negative relay, the first fuse and the fourth busbar are connected in sequence, and the fourth busbar is connected to the negative output interface;
[0044] The first DC-DC module is connected to the positive output interface and the negative output interface, and is used to convert the output voltage. The charge and discharge circuit structure also includes a second DC-DC module, which is a 12V / 24V DC-DC converter, and the first DC-DC module is a 48v / 12v DC-DC converter. On a ship, different electrical equipment and systems may require different operating voltages. For example, communication equipment or control systems only require a low-voltage power supply of 12V or 24V, while motor systems require a high-voltage power supply of hundreds of volts. A DC-DC converter can convert one voltage level to another to meet different voltage requirements.
[0045] The above-mentioned high-voltage distribution box is also provided with a box cover that matches the box body. A sealing gasket is located between the box cover and the box body to form a seal that can meet the IP68 sealing level requirements.
[0046] There are multiple positive input interfaces and multiple negative input interfaces for connecting to the battery box, and a second fuse is connected between each positive input interface and the first bus.
[0047] In addition to controlling various external devices through various output interfaces, this distribution box can also meet the convergence of battery box system components. The current of the battery box passes through the first bus and the second bus in the box, which meets the parallel connection of multiple battery boxes, thereby increasing the battery capacity of the entire ship and greatly improving the ship's mileage. The bus can meet the passage of large currents and can meet the high-rate charging and discharging of the battery, greatly saving the charging and discharging time of the battery.
[0048] Specifically, there are multiple positive output interfaces and negative output interfaces. The positive output interfaces include daily load positive output interfaces, oil pump positive output interfaces, and motor positive output interfaces. The negative output interfaces include daily load negative output interfaces, oil pump negative output interfaces, and motor negative output interfaces.
[0049] The positive output interface of the daily load and the negative output interface of the daily load are used to supply power to the daily load, the positive output interface of the oil pump and the negative output interface of the oil pump are used to supply power to the oil pump, and the positive output interface of the motor and the negative output interface of the motor are used to supply power to the ship motor;
[0050] A third fuse is connected between the motor positive output interface and the second bus, a fourth fuse is connected between the daily load positive output interface and the second bus, and a fifth fuse is connected between the oil pump positive output interface and the second bus.
[0051] Specifically, the first fuse is a 500A fuse, the second fuse is a 150A fuse, the third fuse is a 50A fuse, and the fourth fuse and the fifth fuse are both 200A fuses.
[0052] Specifically, the charge and discharge circuit structure further includes a fan control interface and a charging interface. A fan relay is connected between the fan control interface and the first bus, and a charging relay is connected between the charging interface and the first bus.
[0053] Through the above relays, the start and stop of each device can be controlled to meet the control needs of various electrical components on the ship. For ease of operation, the BMS master control can be connected to an external operation box for control. For example, when a worker presses the start button on the operation box, the external 12V lead-acid battery powers the BMS, waking it up. The BMS and NBM control the 24V voltage to power the DC-DC module, which then converts the 24V DC-DC module to 12V to power the relays. The BMS controls the closure of each relay. If there is an abnormality in the system circuit, a silent alarm will sound, and the display on the box and the ship's main display will display the fault data. After the repair is completed, the worker turns off the silent button. When the entire circuit is in a discharged state, the worker needs to press the ship's motor start button to control the motor's forward and reverse rotation, direction, and speed. If the BMS master detects high hold temperature, the worker can press the ship's fan switch button to turn on the fan. When the ship needs to turn, the BMS master control communicates with the oil pump system, which then provides sufficient hydraulic power to the auxiliary steering hydraulic cylinder to help the worker turn the steering wheel. If the ship's battery is too low, the test BMS monitors the battery SOC data and issues an alarm through the BMS on the operation box, prompting the worker to start charging. Specifically, it also includes a BMS main control fixedly installed in the box body. The BMS main control is electrically connected to the battery box and the charging and discharging circuit structure. The BMS main control is used to transmit information with the battery box and control the start and close of the relay in the box body.
[0054] By adopting the BMS master control, information can be transmitted in real time with the slave control in the battery box, and key parameters such as the voltage, temperature, and charge and discharge current of each battery cell in the battery box can be monitored. In addition, the BMS master control can calculate the SOC and SOH values of each battery box and transmit them to the display screen inside the high-voltage box. When a fault occurs inside the battery box, the BMS can detect the fault and display it on the display screen. In addition, the BMS master control can control the start and close of each relay inside the high-voltage distribution box and collect feedback signals. It can also communicate with the outside of the ship through the communication interface on the box body, and feedback the faults inside the battery box to the outside.
[0055] Specifically, the box body is square in shape, with a display screen installed on the front side wall of the box body. The positive input interface and the negative input interface are installed on the left side wall of the box body and both extend out of the box body. The positive output interface and the negative output interface are installed on the right side wall of the box body and both extend out of the box body. The setting of the display screen can visualize the collected data on the screen in real time, allowing operators to quickly understand the operating status of the equipment, promptly identify and deal with possible problems, thereby avoiding potential equipment failures or safety accidents. In addition, the display screen can also be integrated with a voice prompt and early warning system. Once an abnormal situation is detected, it can immediately issue a warning, reminding the operator to take appropriate safety measures. When the equipment fails, it automatically performs problem analysis and troubleshooting prompts. The display screen can use existing products.
[0056] Specifically, the display screen is a liquid crystal display screen, which is used to display fault information and battery box status information.
[0057] Specifically, the number of positive input interfaces and the number of negative input interfaces are both 4.
[0058] Specifically, the box body is made of SPCC material. The front side wall of the box body is provided with a display screen installation window for installing the display screen. The mounting fixtures include a BMS fixing bracket, etc. The BMS fixing bracket is installed on the inner side of the rear side wall of the box body for fixing the BMS main control.
[0059] Specifically, four fixing ears are provided on the outer side of the bottom of the box body, and mounting holes are opened on the fixing ears.
[0060] The above embodiments are preferred implementation methods of the utility model, but the implementation methods of the utility model are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the utility model should be considered equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the utility model.
Claims
1. A high-voltage distribution box for an electric ship, characterized by: The box body includes a charging and discharging circuit structure. The box body is made of bent and welded steel. The top of the box body is open and a sealing gasket is provided on the edge of the opening. The sealing gasket is made of foamed silicone. The box body is provided with a mounting fixture for installing the charging and discharging circuit. The charging and discharging circuit structure includes a positive input interface, a negative input interface, a first bus, a second bus, a Hall sensor, a negative relay, a first fuse, a negative output interface, a relay module, a positive output interface, a third bus, a fourth bus, and a first DC-DC module; The relay module includes a discharge relay, a pre-charge relay and a pre-charge resistor. The pre-charge relay and the pre-charge resistor are connected in series to form a pre-charge branch. The pre-charge branch and the discharge relay are connected in parallel between the first bus and the second bus. The positive input interface is connected to the first bus, and the second bus is connected to the positive output interface. The negative input interface is connected to the third busbar, the third busbar, the Hall sensor, the negative relay, the first fuse and the fourth busbar are connected in sequence, and the fourth busbar is connected to the negative output interface; The first DC-DC module is connected to the positive output interface and the negative output interface, and the first DC-DC module is used to convert the output voltage; There are multiple positive input interfaces and multiple negative input interfaces for connecting to the battery box, and a second fuse is connected between each positive input interface and the first bus.
2. A high-voltage distribution box for an electric ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple positive output interfaces and negative output interfaces. The positive output interfaces include daily load positive output interfaces, oil pump positive output interfaces, and motor positive output interfaces. The negative output interfaces include daily load negative output interfaces, oil pump negative output interfaces, and motor negative output interfaces. The positive output interface of the daily load and the negative output interface of the daily load are used to supply power to the daily load, the positive output interface of the oil pump and the negative output interface of the oil pump are used to supply power to the oil pump, and the positive output interface of the motor and the negative output interface of the motor are used to supply power to the ship motor; A third fuse is connected between the motor positive output interface and the second bus, a fourth fuse is connected between the daily load positive output interface and the second bus, and a fifth fuse is connected between the oil pump positive output interface and the second bus.
3. A high-voltage distribution box for an electric ship according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first fuse is a 500A fuse, the second fuse is a 150A fuse, the third fuse is a 50A fuse, and the fourth fuse and the fifth fuse are both 200A fuses.
4. A high-voltage distribution box for an electric ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charge and discharge circuit structure further includes a fan control interface and a charging interface. A fan relay is connected between the fan control interface and the first bus, and a charging relay is connected between the charging interface and the first bus.
5. A high-voltage distribution box for an electric ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a BMS main control fixedly installed in the box body. The BMS main control is electrically connected to the battery box and the charging and discharging circuit structure. The BMS main control is used to transmit information with the battery box and control the start and close of the relay in the box body.
6. A high-voltage distribution box for an electric ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box body is square, and a display screen is installed on the front wall of the box body. The positive input interface and the negative input interface are installed on the left wall of the box body and both extend out of the box body. The positive output interface and the negative output interface are installed on the right wall of the box body and both extend out of the box body.
7. A high-voltage distribution box for an electric ship according to claim 6, characterized in that: The display screen is a liquid crystal display screen, which is used to display fault information and battery box status information.
8. A high-voltage distribution box for an electric ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are 4 positive input interfaces and 4 negative input interfaces.
9. A high-voltage distribution box for an electric ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box body is made of SPCC material.
10. A high-voltage distribution box for an electric ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the bottom of the box body is provided with 4 fixing ears, and the fixing ears are provided with mounting holes.