All-electric unmanned vertical take-off and landing aircraft adopting high-voltage and low-voltage electric equipment partition

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of vertical take-off and landing rotor aircrafts, and discloses an all-electric unmanned vertical take-off and landing aircraft adopting high-voltage and low-voltage electric equipment subareas, the high-voltage electric equipment is positioned at the upper part of an aircraft body and comprises wings, nacelles and an aircraft body ceiling, and the low-voltage electric equipment is positioned at the lower part of the aircraft body and comprises wings, nacelles and an aircraft body ceiling; comprising a front fuselage equipment cabin, a rear fuselage equipment cabin and a lower floor, so that compatible work of high-voltage and low-voltage electric equipment of the aircraft is ensured, the cable length is reduced to the greatest extent, and the empty aircraft weight is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of vertical take-off and landing rotorcraft, in particular to an all-electric unmanned vertical take-off and landing aircraft using high and low voltage electrical equipment partitioning. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of battery energy density and power density, and the increase in motor output power, distributed electric drive vertical take-off and landing aircraft use electric energy to drive the motor to rotate the rotor, eliminating the engine, transmission, fuel and other systems of traditional rotorcraft. It has the characteristics of being green, low-cost, low-noise, etc. that are different from traditional rotorcraft.

[0003] Electric-powered vertical takeoff and landing (ETOL) aircraft rely solely on power batteries. To achieve high power output, these batteries typically use 700-800V high-voltage lithium batteries. These high-voltage batteries power only the motors, providing power for the entire aircraft. EVTOL aircraft also require low-voltage batteries (20-30V) to power low-voltage devices such as avionics, measurement and control systems, and flight control systems.

[0004] Therefore, in order to enable the electric-driven vertical take-off and landing aircraft to work normally and compatibly, it is necessary to solve the compatibility problem between high-voltage electrical equipment and low-voltage electrical equipment; at the same time, the unit weight of high-voltage cables is large, and the length of high-voltage cables needs to be reduced as much as possible; the overall equipment and cable layout is difficult. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide an all-electric unmanned vertical take-off and landing aircraft that uses high and low voltage electrical equipment partitioning to ensure compatible operation between the high and low voltage electrical equipment of the aircraft, while minimizing the cable length and reducing the empty aircraft weight.

[0006] The present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions.

[0007] An all-electric unmanned vertical take-off and landing aircraft using high- and low-voltage electrical equipment partitioning, wherein the aircraft's electrical system comprises at least: a high-voltage power distribution system, an electric propulsion system, a low-voltage power distribution system, a flight control system, an avionics system, and a measurement and control system;

[0008] The high-voltage power distribution system at least includes a high-voltage power battery, a high-voltage power distribution box, and a high-voltage wiring harness;

[0009] The low-voltage power distribution system at least includes a low-voltage battery, a low-voltage distribution box, an electrical integrated management device, and a low-voltage wiring harness;

[0010] Among them, the high-voltage power distribution system and electric propulsion system are high-voltage power equipment, and the flight control system, avionics system, measurement and control system and low-voltage power distribution system are low-voltage power equipment;

[0011] The aircraft's fuselage structure includes: a front fuselage, a mid-fuselage, a rear fuselage, a tail, wings, and a nacelle; high-voltage electrical equipment is located in the upper fuselage, including the wings, nacelle, and fuselage ceiling; low-voltage electrical equipment is located in the lower fuselage, including the front fuselage equipment compartment, the rear fuselage equipment compartment, and under the floor;

[0012] The high-voltage wiring harness is concentrated inside the wing. One part runs from the high-voltage power battery at the center of the wing to the high-voltage distribution box above the mid-fuselage. The other part starts from the high-voltage distribution box and goes from the leading edge of the wing to the nacelle to power the tilt rotor and lift rotor.

[0013] The low-voltage wiring harness runs from the front fuselage equipment rack to the transition section equipment rack and tail section in two routes from under the floor and on the cabin ceiling. One section of the low-voltage wiring harness is arranged from the middle fuselage upward along the trailing edge of the wing to power the flaps, tail and navigation lights.

[0014] Further,

[0015] Layout of high-voltage electrical equipment: The high-voltage power battery is arranged in the middle wing section of the wing; the high-voltage distribution box is arranged at the lower rear of the wing, on the ceiling of the middle fuselage; the electric propulsion system is arranged inside the nacelle, directly driving the rotor, and the nacelle is installed on the wing.

[0016] Further,

[0017] The high-voltage wiring harness channels for the entire aircraft are arranged in the top area of the fuselage, including the leading and trailing edges of the wings, the nacelle and the mid-fuselage ceiling.

[0018] Further,

[0019] The high-voltage wiring harness channel of the entire aircraft runs from the high-voltage power battery to the high-voltage distribution box, and then to the drive motor of the electric propulsion system.

[0020] Further,

[0021] Layout of low-voltage electrical equipment: avionics system, flight control system and measurement and control system equipment are arranged in the front fuselage equipment compartment; low-voltage batteries and low-voltage distribution boxes are arranged in the rear fuselage equipment compartment, and electrical integrated management equipment is arranged in the front fuselage equipment compartment.

[0022] Further,

[0023] The low-voltage wiring harness channel for the entire aircraft is arranged in the bottom area of the fuselage, and the main wiring harness channel is connected from the rear fuselage equipment compartment to the front fuselage equipment compartment through under the floor.

[0024] Further,

[0025] The low-voltage wiring harness channel of the entire aircraft runs from the low-voltage battery to the low-voltage distribution box, then to the electrical integrated management equipment, and then to the low-voltage electrical equipment of the avionics system, flight control system and measurement and control system.

[0026] The utility model proposes an all-electric unmanned vertical take-off and landing aircraft that uses high- and low-voltage electrical equipment partitioning. The high-voltage electrical equipment and the low-voltage electrical equipment are arranged in partitions, which solves the problems of equipment compatibility and reducing cable length, and is applied to an electrically driven unmanned vertical take-off and landing aircraft. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the machine body provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0028] Among them, 1-front fuselage, 2-middle fuselage, 3-rear fuselage, 4-tail, 5-nacelle, 6-wing, 7-high-voltage distribution box, 8-high-voltage power battery;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of the high-voltage wiring harness and the low-voltage wiring harness provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the clamp structure provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0031] Among them, a-bolt, b-washer, c-clamp 1;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a wiring harness support member provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0033] Among them, d-cable tie;

[0034] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a common separation connector for adapters and wiring harnesses provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0035] Among them, e-cable plug, f-cable separation connector, g-cable separation plug, h-wiring harness support, i-clamp 2, j-nacelle inner frame fixing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solution of the present utility model is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] The electric-driven unmanned vertical take-off and landing aircraft mainly includes a tilt-rotor, a lift rotor, a high-voltage power distribution system (including a high-voltage power battery, a high-voltage distribution box, and a high-voltage wiring harness), an electric propulsion system, a low-voltage power distribution system (including a low-voltage battery, a low-voltage distribution box, an integrated electrical management device, and a low-voltage wiring harness), a flight control system, an avionics system, a measurement and control system, an airframe structure, and landing gear.

[0038] like Figure 1As shown in the figure, the fuselage structure is divided into the front fuselage, middle fuselage, rear fuselage, tail, wings, nacelle (i.e., fuselage arm), etc.; among them, the high-voltage power distribution system and electric propulsion system are high-voltage electrical equipment, and the flight control system, avionics system, measurement and control system and low-voltage power distribution system are low-voltage electrical equipment.

[0039] When arranging equipment, the fuselage structure is spatially divided into high-voltage equipment area and low-voltage equipment area, and high-voltage electrical equipment and low-voltage electrical equipment are isolated in three dimensions. The high-voltage equipment area is mainly located in the upper fuselage, including the wings, nacelles and fuselage ceiling, while the low-voltage equipment area is mainly located in the lower fuselage, including the front fuselage equipment compartment, the rear fuselage equipment compartment and under the floor;

[0040] Layout of high-voltage electrical equipment:

[0041] The high-voltage power battery is placed in the middle section of the wing, which has the largest space and the highest strength.

[0042] The high-voltage distribution box is located below the rear of the wing, on the mid-fuselage ceiling, minimizing the distance between the box and the high-voltage power battery, which helps reduce the length of the high-voltage cables.

[0043] The electric propulsion system is arranged inside the nacelle and directly drives the rotor. The nacelle is installed on the wing.

[0044] Layout of low-voltage electrical equipment:

[0045] The avionics system, flight control system, and measurement and control system equipment are mainly arranged in the forward fuselage equipment compartment, as far away as possible from the influence of the high-voltage equipment area. At the same time, they are arranged in the front to balance the center of gravity of the entire aircraft.

[0046] The low-voltage battery and low-voltage distribution box are arranged in the rear fuselage equipment compartment. Since the electrical integrated management equipment needs to be interconnected with each low-voltage electrical equipment, it is arranged in the front fuselage equipment compartment, which helps to reduce the length of the low-voltage cable.

[0047] like Figure 2 The figure shows the layout diagram of high and low voltage wiring harnesses and low voltage wiring harnesses.

[0048] The high-voltage wiring harness is concentrated inside the wing. One part runs from the high-voltage power battery at the center of the wing to the high-voltage distribution box above the middle fuselage. The other part starts from the high-voltage distribution box and goes from the leading edge of the wing to the nacelle to power the tilt-rotor and lift rotor.

[0049] The low-voltage wiring harness runs from the front fuselage equipment rack to the transition section equipment rack and tail section in two routes from under the floor and on the cabin ceiling. One section of the low-voltage wiring harness is arranged from the middle fuselage upward along the trailing edge of the wing to power the flaps, tail and navigation lights.

[0050] The high-voltage wiring harness channels of the entire aircraft are arranged in the top area of the fuselage, including the leading and trailing edges of the wings, the nacelle and the mid-fuselage ceiling, ensuring a safe distance from low-voltage electrical equipment and low-voltage wiring harnesses. The main route is from the high-voltage power battery to the high-voltage distribution box, and then to the drive motor.

[0051] The low-voltage wiring harness channels of the entire aircraft are arranged in the bottom area of the fuselage. The main wiring harness channel is connected from the rear fuselage equipment compartment to the front fuselage equipment compartment through the bottom of the floor. The high and low voltage wiring harnesses do not share the same cable channel and are respectively at the top and bottom of the cabin, minimizing compatibility issues to the greatest extent. The main route is from the low-voltage battery to the low-voltage distribution box, to the electrical integrated management equipment, and then to the low-voltage electrical equipment of the avionics, flight control and measurement and control systems.

[0052] The wiring harness is usually connected with a clamp and fixed near the frame beam of the machine body, such as Figure 3 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the clamp structure, including bolt a, washer b, and clamp c; some wiring harnesses are connected and fixed using wiring harness supports, such as Figure 4 The figure shows the structure of the harness support, which uses a cable tie d to fix the harness. In addition, to improve the disassembly and maintenance of the electrical circuit, a common separation connector for the adapter and harness is set on the aircraft. Taking the typical separation surface from the wing to the nacelle as an example, the cable fixing method is as follows Figure 5 As shown, it includes a cable plug e, a cable separation connector f, a cable separation plug g, a wiring harness support h, a clamp i, and a nacelle inner frame fixing j.

[0053] The utility model proposes an all-electric unmanned vertical take-off and landing aircraft that adopts high- and low-voltage electrical equipment partitioning, ensuring the compatible operation between the high- and low-voltage equipment of the aircraft, while minimizing the cable length and reducing the empty aircraft weight.

Claims

1. An all-electric unmanned vertical take-off and landing aircraft using high and low voltage electrical equipment partitioning, characterized in that: The power system of the aircraft at least includes: a high-voltage power distribution system, an electric propulsion system, a low-voltage power distribution system, a flight control system, an avionics system, and a measurement and control system; The high-voltage power distribution system at least includes a high-voltage power battery, a high-voltage power distribution box, and a high-voltage wiring harness; The low-voltage power distribution system at least includes a low-voltage battery, a low-voltage distribution box, an electrical integrated management device, and a low-voltage wiring harness; Among them, the high-voltage power distribution system and electric propulsion system are high-voltage power equipment, and the flight control system, avionics system, measurement and control system and low-voltage power distribution system are low-voltage power equipment; The aircraft's fuselage structure includes: a front fuselage, a mid-fuselage, a rear fuselage, a tail, wings, and a nacelle; high-voltage electrical equipment is located in the upper fuselage, including the wings, nacelle, and fuselage ceiling; low-voltage electrical equipment is located in the lower fuselage, including the front fuselage equipment compartment, the rear fuselage equipment compartment, and under the floor; The high-voltage wiring harness is concentrated inside the wing. One part runs from the high-voltage power battery at the center of the wing to the high-voltage distribution box above the mid-fuselage. The other part starts from the high-voltage distribution box and goes from the leading edge of the wing to the nacelle to power the tilt rotor and lift rotor. The low-voltage wiring harness runs from the front fuselage equipment rack to the transition section equipment rack and tail section in two routes from under the floor and on the cabin ceiling. One section of the low-voltage wiring harness is arranged from the middle fuselage upward along the trailing edge of the wing to power the flaps, tail and navigation lights.

2. The all-electric unmanned vertical take-off and landing aircraft using high and low voltage electrical equipment partitioning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Layout of high-voltage electrical equipment: The high-voltage power battery is arranged in the middle wing section of the wing; the high-voltage distribution box is arranged at the lower rear of the wing, on the ceiling of the middle fuselage; the electric propulsion system is arranged inside the nacelle, directly driving the rotor, and the nacelle is installed on the wing.

3. The all-electric unmanned vertical take-off and landing aircraft using high and low voltage electrical equipment partitioning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The high-voltage wiring harness channels for the entire aircraft are arranged in the top area of the fuselage, including the leading and trailing edges of the wings, the nacelle and the mid-fuselage ceiling.

4. The all-electric unmanned vertical take-off and landing aircraft using high and low voltage electrical equipment partitioning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The high-voltage wiring harness channel of the entire aircraft runs from the high-voltage power battery to the high-voltage distribution box, and then to the drive motor of the electric propulsion system.

5. The all-electric unmanned vertical take-off and landing aircraft using high and low voltage electrical equipment partitioning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Layout of low-voltage electrical equipment: avionics system, flight control system and measurement and control system equipment are arranged in the front fuselage equipment compartment; low-voltage batteries and low-voltage distribution boxes are arranged in the rear fuselage equipment compartment, and electrical integrated management equipment is arranged in the front fuselage equipment compartment.

6. The all-electric unmanned vertical take-off and landing aircraft using high and low voltage electrical equipment partitioning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The low-voltage wiring harness channel for the entire aircraft is arranged in the bottom area of the fuselage, and the main wiring harness channel is connected from the rear fuselage equipment compartment to the front fuselage equipment compartment through under the floor.

7. The all-electric unmanned vertical take-off and landing aircraft using high and low voltage electrical equipment partitioning according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The low-voltage wiring harness channel of the entire aircraft runs from the low-voltage battery to the low-voltage distribution box, then to the electrical integrated management equipment, and then to the low-voltage electrical equipment of the avionics system, flight control system and measurement and control system.

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