Photovoltaic tile

Abstract

The photovoltaic tile comprises front plate glass, a battery pack string, back plate glass and a junction box, the battery pack string comprises battery pieces and a bus bar which are electrically connected, the back plate glass and the front plate glass are oppositely arranged, a containing space is formed between the back plate glass and the front plate glass, the battery pieces and the bus bar are arranged in the containing space, and the back plate glass is provided with a through hole. The junction box is arranged on the back side of the backboard glass, the bus bar extends along the containing space and penetrates through the through hole to be electrically connected with the junction box, the electrically connected battery pieces provide current, and the bus bar can collect the current so that the current on the battery pieces can be collected to one position. The junction box is arranged on the back side of the backboard glass, so that the position of the junction box can be effectively adjusted, and the stability of the photovoltaic tile is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic tile. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation, or photovoltaic power generation, utilizes the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor materials to convert solar radiation into electricity. PV systems derive their energy from inexhaustible solar energy, making them a clean, safe, and renewable energy source. The photovoltaic power generation process is environmentally friendly and eco-friendly. PV power generation systems are categorized as standalone or grid-connected. PV systems consist of solar cell arrays, battery banks, charge and discharge controllers, inverters, AC distribution cabinets, and solar tracking control systems. In the field of photovoltaic building integration, sunroom roofs are becoming increasingly popular. These roofs utilize photovoltaic tiles installed above the tile slats. The photovoltaic tile junction box serves as a connection device between the solar cell array (composed of solar cell strings) and the solar charging control unit. Its primary function is to connect and protect the solar photovoltaic modules, connect the electricity generated by the solar cells to external wiring, and conduct the current generated by the modules. Because traditional photovoltaic tile junction boxes utilize a back-mounted design, most are located at either end of the tiles, maintaining a relatively fixed position. The location of the photovoltaic tile junction box requires that the tile hanging strips or keels be laid in advance to avoid the junction box pressing on the tile hanging strips, resulting in loose installation, which may easily cause the position of the photovoltaic tile junction box to be unstable or fall off. Utility Model Content

[0003] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a photovoltaic tile to improve the stability of the photovoltaic tile and facilitate the adjustment of the position of the junction box.

[0004] A photovoltaic tile, comprising:

[0005] Front glass;

[0006] A battery string, including electrically connected battery cells and busbars;

[0007] A back glass, the back glass being arranged opposite to the front glass to form a receiving space therebetween, the cell and the busbar being arranged in the receiving space, and the back glass being provided with a through hole;

[0008] A junction box is provided on the back side of the back plate glass, and the busbar extends along the accommodating space and passes through the through hole to be electrically connected to the junction box.

[0009] In the photovoltaic tiles provided in the present application, the photovoltaic tiles include a front glass panel, a battery string, a back glass panel and a junction box. The battery string includes electrically connected battery cells and a bus bar. The back glass panel is arranged opposite to the front glass panel and a accommodating space is formed therebetween. The battery cells and the bus bar are arranged in the accommodating space. The back glass panel is provided with a through hole. The junction box is provided on the back side of the back glass panel. The bus bar extends along the accommodating space and passes through the through hole to be electrically connected to the junction box. The electrically connected battery cells provide current, and the bus bar can collect current so that the current on the battery cells is gathered in one place. A through hole is provided on the back glass panel. The junction box is provided on the back side of the back glass panel, which can facilitate the effective adjustment of the position of the junction box, thereby improving the installation efficiency of the photovoltaic tiles.

[0010] In one embodiment, part of the busbar is located at the tail of the battery string, and the busbar is located on the back side of the battery cell.

[0011] In one embodiment, an insulating member is provided between the busbar and the battery cell.

[0012] In one embodiment, a dispersion disk is provided in the inner cavity, and the insulating member includes an EPE insulating layer and an EVA insulating layer provided on opposite sides of the EPE insulating layer.

[0013] In one embodiment, there are multiple battery cells, and the multiple battery cells are connected in series via wires.

[0014] In one embodiment, the bus ribbon is led out from the cell sheet near an edge of the front glass.

[0015] In one embodiment, a plurality of parallel busbar supports are provided on the battery cell, and the busbar is provided between two adjacent busbars and extends along the length direction of the busbars.

[0016] In one embodiment, the back plate glass has multiple groups of through holes spaced apart along the length direction of the main grid.

[0017] In one embodiment, the junction box is provided at the position where the through hole is opened in the back glass.

[0018] In one embodiment, a tile frame is further included, and the peripheral sides of the front plate glass and the back plate glass are fixed in the tile frame. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein:

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the back glass of a photovoltaic tile provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2A schematic diagram of a partial structure of a photovoltaic tile provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Reference numerals: back glass 10; through hole 20; junction box 30; busbar 40; cell 50; main grid 51; lead 60; interface 70 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following description sets forth many specific details to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0025] In this utility model, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection; direct connection, or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components, or interaction between two components, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model based on specific circumstances.

[0026] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0027] Photovoltaic (PV), short for solar photovoltaic power generation, is a new type of power generation system that uses the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor materials in solar cells to directly convert solar radiation into electricity. It can operate independently or in conjunction with the grid. Solar photovoltaic power generation systems are categorized into centralized systems, such as large-scale ground-based PV systems in the northwest, and distributed systems, such as rooftop PV systems for industrial and commercial enterprises and residential rooftop PV systems. A photovoltaic panel is a power generation device that generates direct current (DC) when exposed to sunlight. It is composed almost entirely of thin, solid-state photovoltaic cells made of semiconductor materials. Because it has no moving parts, it can operate for extended periods without loss. Simple photovoltaic cells can power watches and calculators, while more complex photovoltaic systems can provide lighting for homes and contribute to the grid. PV panels can be manufactured in various shapes and connected to generate even more power. In recent years, PV panels have been used on rooftops and building surfaces, and even incorporated into windows, skylights, or as part of window shades. These photovoltaic installations are often referred to as building-attached PV systems.

[0028] Photovoltaic tiles are a new building material that combines photovoltaic power generation technology with the functions of traditional roof tiles. They are roof panels incorporating photovoltaic cells, made from synthetic and engineered materials, or amorphous silicon. PV modules are encapsulated into the tiles through adhesive coating and press-fitting, integrating the solar panels and building materials, allowing for direct application to rooftops. PV tiles offer advantages such as easy installation, thermal insulation, excellent low-temperature impact resistance, and superior corrosion resistance. They also generate electricity, providing green energy for buildings. In sunny areas, PV tiles can significantly reduce electricity costs for homes and businesses, even achieving energy self-sufficiency. Buildings using PV tiles help reduce dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to environmental protection. PV tiles offer not only superior performance but also visual appeal. Some manufacturers even offer custom design services, allowing users to select the appropriate PV tiles based on their home's design. PV tiles are widely used in a variety of applications, including new commercial villas, commercial and public buildings, urban and rural public buildings, period buildings, and rural self-built residences. Photovoltaic tiles represent an emerging industry that integrates technological innovation, environmental protection, and architectural design. With technological advancements and cost reductions, we can expect to see more residential and commercial buildings adopt this green energy solution in the future. Sunroom rooftops are increasingly being used. These roofs utilize photovoltaic tiles, installed above the tile strips. Because the photovoltaic tile junction boxes 30 are back-mounted, most junction boxes 30 are located at either end of the photovoltaic tile, providing a relatively fixed position. The location of these junction boxes 30 requires that the tile strips or keels be laid in advance to avoid the junction boxes 30 pressing against the tile strips, resulting in loose installation. Based on this, this solution provides a photovoltaic tile that improves the stability of the photovoltaic tile while facilitating adjustment of the junction box 30's position.

[0029] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 To solve the above problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic tile, comprising: a front glass panel; a battery string, comprising electrically connected battery cells 50 and a bus bar 40; a back glass panel 10, wherein the back glass panel 10 is arranged opposite to the front glass panel and a storage space is formed therebetween, the battery cells 50 and the bus bar 40 are arranged in the storage space, and the back glass panel 10 is provided with a through hole 20; a junction box 30, which is arranged on the back side of the back glass panel 10, and the bus bar 40 extends along the storage space and passes through the through hole 20 to be electrically connected to the junction box 30.

[0030] The photovoltaic tile comprises a front glass panel and a back glass panel 10, each with a housing space containing electrically connected cells 50 and busbars 40. The cell 50 is a core component of a solar power generation device, typically made of polycrystalline or monocrystalline silicon. It serves as the fundamental power generation unit in a solar panel, converting light energy into electricity. In some embodiments, the primary material for the cell 50 is silicon, either polycrystalline or monocrystalline. These materials are made from high-purity silicon processed through a specialized process, resulting in a crystal structure similar to that of naturally occurring quartz. By converting light energy into electricity, the cell 50 enables the solar device to generate sustainable, clean energy. In some embodiments, multiple cells 50 are positioned within the housing space, connected in series. Because a single cell 50 generates relatively little power, connecting multiple cells 50 in series can increase the total current, thereby increasing power. In some embodiments, the cell 50 can be either monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon. In some embodiments, the solar cells 50 are welded to the busbars 40. In some embodiments, the busbars 40 can be customized based on the current draw of the module. In some embodiments, the assembled solar cells 50 are placed on the front glass and conventional busbars 40 are welded to connect the strings. In some embodiments, the back glass 10 is provided with through-holes 20 that allow objects within the storage space to extend through and out of the storage space. In some embodiments, a junction box 30 is located on the back side of the back glass 10. The busbars 40 extend along the storage space and through the through-holes 20 to electrically connect to the junction box 30. The junction box 30 serves as a connection device between the solar cell array formed by the solar cell strings and the solar charging control device. It connects and protects the solar photovoltaic module and connects the power generated by the solar cells to external circuits, conducting the current generated by the photovoltaic module. In some embodiments, the busbars 40 are welded to the junction box 30 to conduct the current from the busbars 40 to the junction box 30. Through the above structure, the current of the battery cell 50 can be introduced into the junction box 30 through the busbar 40. Setting the position of the junction box 30 on the side of the back glass 10 of the photovoltaic tile can achieve that most of the junction boxes 30 are positioned at both ends of the photovoltaic tile, making the position of the junction box 30 relatively fixed, improving the stability of the photovoltaic tile, and facilitating the adjustment of the position of the junction box 30.

[0031] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2Part of the busbar 40 is located at the end of the battery string, and the busbar 40 is used as the lead 60. The busbar 40 is located on the back of the battery cell 50 and is used to connect the photovoltaic battery string and the junction box 30. In some embodiments, the busbar 40 can be a tin-coated solder ribbon that transmits the current of the photovoltaic battery string. It is divided into busbars 40 and interconnecting strips, which are used to connect the photovoltaic module battery cells 50, playing an important role in conducting electricity and collecting electricity. The busbar 40 must be firmly welded during the process of connecting the battery cells 50 in series to avoid the occurrence of false solder joints. When selecting the busbar 40, the manufacturer must determine the state of the busbar 40 based on the characteristics of the selected battery cell 50. The general selection standard is to determine the thickness of the busbar 40 based on the thickness of the battery cell 50 and the amount of short-circuit current. The width of the busbar 40 should be consistent with the width of the battery's main grid 51 line. The hardness of the busbar 40 generally depends on the thickness of the battery cell 50 and the welding tool. Manual welding requires that the bus ribbon 40 be as soft as possible. A soft bus ribbon 40 will make good contact with the battery cell 50 after the soldering iron passes through it, and the stress generated during the welding process is very small, which can reduce the fragmentation rate. However, a bus ribbon 40 that is too soft will have reduced tensile strength and will be easily broken. For automatic welding processes, the bus ribbon 40 can be slightly harder, which is conducive to the welding machine's straightening and pressure welding of the bus ribbon 40. A bus ribbon 40 that is too soft is easily deformed when welded by a machine, thereby reducing the product yield. The bus ribbon 40 has the function of collecting current. The bus ribbon 40 can collect the current of each single battery cell 50 together. Since the power generated by a single battery cell 50 is very low, connecting the battery cells 50 in series can increase the power. In some embodiments, adjacent battery cells 50 can be connected by soldering ribbons or tin-coated ribbons. The battery cells 50 generate direct current, and the collected direct current can be converted into alternating current through a transformer. In some embodiments, different numbers of battery cells 50 can be connected in series depending on the situation. In some embodiments, 10 to 50 battery cells 50 can be connected in series.

[0032] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2An insulating member is provided between the busbar 40 and the battery cell 50. The insulating member includes an EPE insulating layer and an EVA insulating layer provided on opposite sides of the EPE insulating layer. EPE is expandable polyethylene, also known as pearl cotton. It is a non-cross-linked closed-cell structure. It is a high-foam polyethylene product extruded with low-density polyethylene as the main raw material. An insulating member is provided between the EPE insulating layer busbar 40 and the battery cell 50. The insulating EPE has the characteristics of heat preservation, water and moisture insulation, heat insulation, sound insulation, anti-friction, anti-aging, and corrosion resistance. It has strong anti-aging ability and good processability. EVA is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate. The application field of EVA is quite wide. EVA is a transparent colloid with good flexibility and bonding properties, good light transmittance and aging resistance. It encapsulates the crystalline silicon wafer group with "upper cover and lower pad", and is bonded to the upper protective material glass and the lower protective material TPT (polyvinyl fluoride composite film) using vacuum lamination technology to form a crystalline silicon component. Long-term practice has proven its satisfactory performance in both solar cell encapsulation and outdoor use. The crosslinking degree refers to the mass ratio of linear molecules crosslinked into a network of molecules when the EVA film is heated. According to theoretical analysis, a higher crosslinking degree increases the EVA's light transmittance and, consequently, the module's overall output power. An insulating member is positioned between the busbar 40 and the cell 50. This insulating member comprises an EPE insulation layer and two EVA insulation layers positioned on opposite sides of the EPE. EVA is filled between the upper and lower EPE insulation layers to ensure a void-free lamination process, effectively preventing short circuits between the cell 50 and the lead wire 60.

[0033] In some embodiments, there are multiple battery cells 50, and the multiple battery cells 50 are connected in series through wires. Different battery cells 50 are connected in series. Generally, a busbar 40 can be used to connect two adjacent battery cells 50. Multiple battery cells 50 are arranged in the accommodating space, and the multiple battery cells 50 are arranged in series. Since the power generated by a single battery cell 50 is relatively small, connecting multiple battery cells 50 in series can increase the total current and thus increase the power. The battery cells 50 in series are laid on the front glass, and conventional busbars 40 are welded to connect the battery strings. The specifications of the busbars 40 can be selected according to the current size of the components. Specifically, there are positive and negative poles at the head and tail of a battery cell 50. The busbars 40 at the two ends are different. One end is drawn from the front of the battery cell 50, which is the negative pole, and the other end is drawn from the back of the battery cell 50, which is the positive pole. In some embodiments, the busbar 40 can be replaced by a special cell 50. The front and back grid lines of the special cell 50 are perpendicular, while the front and back grid lines of a conventional cell 50 are parallel. This can save the busbar 40 and simplify the module structure.

[0034] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2The busbar 40 extends from the cell 50 near the edge of the front glass. During operation, the length of the lead 60 on the back of the busbar 40 can be adjusted to effectively adjust the position of the junction box 30, allowing it to be installed with various keels and tile strips. This is different from the traditional method in which the position of the junction box 30 requires the tile strips or keels to be laid out in advance to avoid the position. This can prevent the junction box 30 from pressing on the tile strips, resulting in a loose installation. The structural design in which the busbar 40 extends from the cell 50 near the edge of the front glass can effectively adjust the position of the junction box 30, making it convenient to switch to photovoltaic tile installation after the keels and tile strips are already installed. In some embodiments, the welding lead 60 can be a flat bus ribbon 40. The flat bus ribbon 40 needs to be considered to avoid the problem of hidden cracks. It is best to choose a bus ribbon 40 with a lower thickness and a wider width. The bus ribbon 40 is laid on the back of the battery cell 50 to ensure that the bus ribbon 40 is between the two main grids 51 of the battery cell 50, and to avoid the main grids 51 and the welding ribbon on the main grid 51 squeezing the bus ribbon 40 and causing hidden cracks. In some embodiments, the left and right sides of the bus ribbon 40 are respectively provided with interfaces 70. The interfaces 70 have a connecting function. Specifically, a first left interface is provided on the left side of one junction box 30, a first right interface is provided on the right side of the junction box 30, a second left interface is provided on the left side of another junction box 30, and a second right interface is provided on the right side of the junction box 30. The first right interface can be connected to the second left interface to achieve the connection between two adjacent junction boxes 30, thereby connecting the two junction boxes 30 in series. In some embodiments, an identification mark may be provided at the front end of the junction box 30 to facilitate identification of the junction box 30 and to facilitate inspection and maintenance, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic tile.

[0035] In some embodiments, the cell 50 is supported by a plurality of parallel main grids 51, and the busbar 40 is arranged between two adjacent main grids 51 and extends along the length direction of the main grids 51. The main grid 51 is a key material that affects the conductivity of the solar cell. Its own height, width, number and other factors will determine the photoelectric conversion rate of the solar cell 50. Therefore, after the battery manufacturer completes the screen printing and cleaning and texturing process of the solar cell, it is often necessary to use precise scientific testing equipment to perform scientific and reliable measurements on it to ensure that its subsequent production can be carried out smoothly and effectively. The number of grid lines of the cell 50 determines the distance between the grid lines, which affects the transmission path of the lateral current and the shading loss. The more grid lines there are, the shorter the transmission path of the lateral current, the smaller the series resistance, and the higher the fill factor and output power. However, the more grid lines there are, it also means that the grid lines occupy more light-receiving area, the greater the shading loss, and the lower the short-circuit current and photoelectric conversion rate. The width of the grid lines determines the cross-sectional area of the grid lines, which affects the resistance and shading loss of the grid lines. The smaller the width of the grid line, the smaller the cross-sectional area of the grid line, the greater its resistance will be, and the lower the fill factor and output power will be. However, the smaller the width of the grid line, it also means that the grid line occupies less light-receiving area, the smaller the light-shielding loss, and the higher the short-circuit current and photoelectric conversion rate. Therefore, the width of the grid line needs to find a balance between reducing the series resistance and the light-shielding loss to achieve the optimization of battery performance. The height of the grid line determines the cross-sectional area of the grid line, which affects the resistance and contact resistance of the grid line. The higher the height of the grid line, the larger the cross-sectional area of the grid line, the smaller the resistance of the grid line, the smaller the series resistance, and the higher the fill factor and output power will be. However, the higher the height of the grid line, it also means that the contact area between the grid line and the battery cell 50 is smaller, the larger the contact resistance is, and the lower the fill factor and output power will be. In some embodiments, the back glass 10 has multiple groups of through holes 20 spaced apart along the length of the main grid 51. The junction box 30 is located at the position where the through holes 20 are located on the back glass 10. In some embodiments, the busbar 40 is welded to the left and right ends of the junction box 30. Specifically, welding is usually performed using an electric soldering iron. After welding, glue can be poured into the junction box 30 to make the junction box 30 waterproof. Furthermore, the back plate of the junction box 30 is covered to ensure the waterproofness of the junction box 30 while collecting current. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic tile also includes a tile frame. The peripheral sides of the front glass and back glass 10 are fixed in the tile frame. The tile frame can be made of galvanized aluminum-magnesium steel frame. The tile frame can also be made of high-performance alloy steel frame. Steel frame also has lower carbon emissions. The front glass and back glass 10 are fixed in the tile frame to improve the stability of the photovoltaic tile.

[0036] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0037] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these variations and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present utility model patent shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic tile, characterized in that: include: Front glass; A battery string comprises electrically connected battery cells and busbars, wherein the battery cells are provided with a plurality of parallel busbar supports, and the busbars are provided between two adjacent busbars and extend along the length direction of the busbars; A back glass panel, the back glass panel is arranged opposite to the front glass panel and a storage space is formed therebetween. The battery cells and the busbar are arranged in the storage space. The back glass panel has multiple groups of through holes spaced apart along the length of the main grid. The width of the busbar is consistent with the width of the main grid. A junction box is provided on the back side of the back panel glass. The busbar extends along the accommodating space and passes through the through hole to be electrically connected to the junction box. The junction box is provided at the position where the through hole is opened on the back panel glass.

2. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: Part of the busbars is located at the tail of the battery string, and the busbars are located on the back of the battery cells.

3. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 2, characterized in that: An insulating member is provided between the busbar and the battery cell.

4. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 3, characterized in that: The insulating member includes an EPE insulating layer and an EVA insulating layer arranged on two opposite sides of the EPE insulating layer.

5. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are multiple battery cells, and the multiple battery cells are connected in series via wires.

6. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bus ribbon is led out from the cell sheet near the edge of the front glass.

7. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a tile frame, in which the peripheral sides of the front plate glass and the back plate glass are fixed.

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