Solar cell, photovoltaic module, power generation device and power utilization device

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model provides a solar cell, a photovoltaic module, a power generation device and a power utilization device. The solar cell comprises sub-cells, at least two sub-cells are electrically connected with each other, each sub-cell comprises a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate and a conducting strip, the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate serve as positive electrodes, the conducting strip serves as a common negative electrode, each of the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate comprises a perovskite active cell layer, and the conducting strip is provided with two opposite surfaces in the thickness direction of the conducting strip. The first electrode plate and the second electrode plate are respectively arranged on the two surfaces of the conducting strip and are respectively and electrically connected with the conducting strip, and in two adjacent sub-batteries, the conducting strip and the second electrode plate of one sub-battery are respectively and electrically connected with the first electrode plate and the conducting strip of the other sub-battery. The solar cell provided by the utility model has high light utilization rate and can generate more current. According to the photovoltaic module, the power generation device and the power utilization device, the solar cell is adopted, so that the photovoltaic module, the power generation device and the power utilization device have relatively sufficient current and relatively high use reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of battery technology, and specifically to a solar cell, a photovoltaic module, a power generation device, and an electricity-consuming device. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, global energy shortages and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent, and solar cells, as an ideal renewable energy source, have garnered increasing attention. Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are devices that convert light energy directly into electrical energy through the photoelectric or photochemical effects. Due to their cost advantages, solar cells hold great promise for industrialization.

[0003] In practice, solar cells are typically placed in a well-lit area, such as a rooftop. If a user's electricity demand is high, more solar cells can be installed to meet the demand. However, the area available for solar cells may be limited, making it impossible to arrange enough solar cells. Therefore, increasing the power output per unit area of ​​solar cells remains an unresolved issue. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a solar cell, a photovoltaic module, a power generation device and an electricity-consuming device that can improve light utilization efficiency and increase power output per unit area.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell, comprising: sub-cells, at least two sub-cells electrically connected to each other, each sub-cell comprising a first electrode sheet and a second electrode sheet as positive electrodes and a conductive sheet as a common negative electrode, the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet both comprising a perovskite active cell layer, the conductive sheet having two surfaces opposite to each other along its own thickness direction, the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet respectively arranged on the two surfaces of the conductive sheet and respectively electrically connected to the conductive sheet, and in two adjacent sub-cells, the conductive sheet and the second electrode sheet of one sub-cell are respectively electrically connected to the first electrode sheet and the conductive sheet of the other sub-cell.

[0006] In the embodiment of the present application, because the first and second electrode sheets are disposed on opposite surfaces of the conductive sheet in the thickness direction, and the two electrode sheets share the same conductive sheet, light from both sides of the sub-cell in the thickness direction can be utilized. Under the action of the electric field, the conductive sheet connects the first and second electrode sheets in parallel, each performing photoelectric conversion to generate voltage and current, thereby improving light utilization and helping to increase the generated current, thereby increasing power output per unit area. Because the conductive sheet of one of the adjacent sub-cells is electrically connected to the first electrode sheet of the other sub-cell, and the second electrode sheet of the sub-cell is electrically connected to the conductive sheet of the other sub-cell, the first electrode sheets of the adjacent sub-cells can be connected in series, and the second electrode sheets of the adjacent sub-cells can be connected in series, resulting in a simple structure that can provide a large amount of current.

[0007] In some embodiments, the plurality of sub-cells are arranged in an array such that projections of two adjacent sub-cells partially overlap in the same projection plane perpendicular to the thickness direction.

[0008] As a result, the sub-batteries are arranged more compactly, which helps to reduce the area occupied during installation and helps to increase the power output per unit area.

[0009] In some embodiments, in two adjacent sub-cells, a conductive member is provided between the first electrode sheet of one sub-cell and the conductive sheet of the other sub-cell, a conductive member is provided between the conductive sheet of one sub-cell and the second electrode sheet of the other sub-cell, and / or, in two adjacent sub-cells, a conductive member is provided between the second electrode sheet of one sub-cell and the conductive sheet of another sub-cell, and a conductive member is provided between the conductive sheet of one sub-cell and the first electrode sheet of another sub-cell.

[0010] Thus, the first electrode sheets of adjacent sub-cells are connected in series via the conductive member, and the second electrode sheets of adjacent sub-cells are connected in series via the conductive member, without the need for laser etching and ribbon welding, which helps to reduce the shading area and line loss and save space.

[0011] In some embodiments, in the same projection plane perpendicular to the thickness direction, the projection of the first electrode sheet of one sub-cell and the projection of the conductive sheet of another sub-cell have a first overlapping portion, and the projection of the conductive member in the projection plane overlaps with the first overlapping portion. The projection of the second electrode sheet of one sub-cell and the projection of the conductive sheet of another sub-cell have a second overlapping portion, and the projection of the conductive member in the projection plane overlaps with the second overlapping portion.

[0012] Since in the same projection plane perpendicular to the thickness direction, the conductive parts between adjacent sub-cells, the first electrode sheet of one of the adjacent sub-cells and the conductive sheet of the other overlap, and the conductive parts between adjacent sub-cells, the second electrode sheet of one of the adjacent sub-cells and the conductive sheet of the other overlap, the first electrode sheets of adjacent sub-cells can be connected in series with each other through the conductive parts, and the second electrode sheets of adjacent sub-cells can be connected in series with each other through the conductive parts, without the need for laser etching and soldering, which helps to reduce the shading area and line loss and save space.

[0013] In some embodiments, in two adjacent sub-cells, an insulating member is provided between the first electrode sheet of one sub-cell and the second electrode sheet of the other sub-cell, and the insulating member is located between the conductive sheet of one sub-cell and the conductive sheet of the other sub-cell.

[0014] This reduces the risk of accidental conduction between the first electrode tab of one adjacent sub-cell and the second electrode tab of the other adjacent sub-cell.

[0015] In some embodiments, the band gap of the perovskite active cell layer of the first electrode sheet is different from the band gap of the perovskite active cell layer of the second electrode sheet.

[0016] Therefore, perovskite active cell layers with different band gaps are selected according to the actual lighting conditions. For example, the band gap of the perovskite active cell layer facing the weak light side is increased to compensate for the voltage loss caused by weak light, so as to reduce the voltage difference between the perovskite active cell layer facing the strong light side and the perovskite active cell layer facing the weak light side, which helps to match the voltages of the two.

[0017] In some embodiments, the band gap of the perovskite active battery layer of the first electrode sheet is between 1.22 eV and 1.56 eV, and the band gap of the perovskite active battery layer of the second electrode sheet is between 1.62 eV and 2.1 eV.

[0018] Thus, a reasonable band gap selection range is provided, and the band gap is selected according to the actual light intensity so that the voltages of the perovskite active cell layers facing the strong light side and the weak light side can be matched.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet further include an electrode layer, the perovskite active battery layer is disposed between the conductive sheet and the electrode layer, and the perovskite active battery layer is electrically connected to the conductive sheet.

[0020] Thus, the carrier collection capability is improved by providing the electrode layer.

[0021] In some embodiments, the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet further include an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer. The electrode layer, the electron transport layer, the perovskite active battery layer and the hole transport layer are stacked sequentially along the thickness direction, and the hole transport layer is electrically connected to the conductive sheet.

[0022] Therefore, the perovskite active battery layer is involved in the excitation, separation and transport of carriers. After absorbing photons, the perovskite active battery layer is excited to produce excitons. The excitons are separated at the interface of the hole transport layer, the perovskite active battery layer and the electron transport layer, so that holes are injected into the hole transport layer and collected by the conductive sheet, and electrons are injected into the electron transport layer and collected by the electrode layer, and finally a current is formed through the external circuit and the cycle is completed.

[0023] In some embodiments, the conductive sheet is made of conductive metal or conductive glass.

[0024] Therefore, conductive metal or conductive glass can improve the carrier collection ability. In addition, conductive glass is light-transmissive, allowing light from one side to penetrate the conductive sheet and enter the other side, making it suitable for use in scenarios where the light intensity on both sides is significantly different.

[0025] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a photovoltaic assembly, comprising the solar cell as described in the first aspect above.

[0026] Since the photovoltaic module includes solar cells with high light utilization efficiency and high power output per unit area, the photovoltaic module can generate more current and has a larger output power.

[0027] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a power generation device, comprising the solar cell as described in the second aspect above.

[0028] Thus, a power generation device equipped with a solar cell with high light utilization efficiency can be provided, the power generation of the power generation device is increased, the power generation device can meet relatively sufficient electric energy, and the reliability of the power generation device is improved.

[0029] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device comprising the solar cell as described in the second aspect above.

[0030] Thus, an electric device equipped with a solar cell having a high light utilization rate can be provided, and the electric device can obtain sufficient current to operate, thereby improving the reliability of the electric device.

[0031] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in yet another embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in yet another embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the layer structure of a solar cell provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the layer structure of a solar cell provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Description of Reference Numerals

[0039] 100, sub-cell; 1001, first sub-cell; 1002, second sub-cell; 1003, third sub-cell; 10, first electrode sheet; 11, conductive sheet; 111, first exposed surface; 112, second exposed surface; 12, second electrode sheet; 13, conductive member; 14, insulating member; 15, perovskite active cell layer; 16, electrode layer; 17, electron transport layer; 18, hole transport layer; X, thickness direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0041] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically defined.

[0043] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0044] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0045] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by technical terms such as "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", and "circumferential" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, operated or used in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on the embodiments of the present application.

[0046] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installed," "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application based on specific circumstances.

[0047] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the technical term "contact" should be understood in a broad sense, and can be direct contact, contact through an intermediate medium layer, contact with essentially no interaction force between the two contacting parties, or contact with interaction force between the two contacting parties.

[0048] As used herein, the term "layer" refers to any substantially layered structure. A layer may have a thickness that varies over the range over which the layer extends. Typically, a layer has an approximately constant thickness. As used herein, the term "thickness" of a layer refers to the average thickness of the layer. The thickness of a layer can be measured by conventional methods in the art.

[0049] Below, this application is described in detail.

[0050] In recent years, global energy shortages and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent, and solar cells, as an ideal renewable energy source, have garnered increasing attention. Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are devices that convert light energy directly into electrical energy through the photoelectric or photochemical effects. Due to their cost advantages, solar cells hold great promise for industrialization.

[0051] In practice, solar cells are typically placed in a well-lit area, such as a rooftop. If a user's electricity demand is high, more solar cells can be installed to meet the demand. However, the area available for solar cells may be limited, making it impossible to arrange enough solar cells. Therefore, increasing the current generated by solar cells remains an unresolved issue.

[0052] Research has shown that in a lighting environment, it is not only the light on the light-facing side that can be utilized, but also the light on the backlight side of the solar cell that can be utilized. If the light on the backlight side can also be utilized, more current can be obtained without increasing the area of ​​solar cell laying.

[0053] Based on such a technical concept, the present application provides a solar cell, which includes sub-cells, at least two sub-cells are electrically connected to each other, each sub-cell includes a first electrode sheet and a second electrode sheet as a positive electrode and a conductive sheet as a common negative electrode, the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet both include a perovskite active cell layer, the conductive sheet has two surfaces opposite to each other along its own thickness direction, the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet are respectively arranged on the two surfaces of the conductive sheet and are respectively electrically connected to the conductive sheet, in two adjacent sub-cells, the conductive sheet and the second electrode sheet of one sub-cell are respectively electrically connected to the first electrode sheet and the conductive sheet of the other sub-cell.

[0054] Because the first and second electrode sheets are located on opposite surfaces of the conductive sheet in the thickness direction, and the two electrode sheets share the same conductive sheet, light from both sides of the sub-cell along the thickness direction can be utilized. Under the action of the electric field, the conductive sheet connects the first and second electrode sheets in parallel, each performing photoelectric conversion to generate voltage and current, improving light utilization and helping to increase the generated current, thereby improving power output per unit area. Because the conductive sheet of one of the adjacent sub-cells is electrically connected to the first electrode sheet of the other sub-cell, and the second electrode sheet of the sub-cell is electrically connected to the conductive sheet of the other sub-cell, the first electrode sheets of the adjacent sub-cells can be connected in series, and the second electrode sheets of the adjacent sub-cells can be connected in series, resulting in a simple structure that can provide a large amount of current.

[0055] Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are devices that convert light energy directly into electrical energy through the photoelectric or photochemical effect. Perovskite solar cells use perovskite as a light-absorbing material. Compared to other solar cells, perovskite solar cells have higher photoelectric conversion efficiency. Unless otherwise specified, a solar cell refers to a solar cell whose light-absorbing layer contains perovskite material, also known as a perovskite solar cell.

[0056] As used herein, the term "perovskite" refers to a material having a three-dimensional crystal structure related to that of CaTiO3, or a material comprising a layer having a structure related to that of CaTiO3. When incident light is applied, electrons in the perovskite material become excited, transitioning from the valence band to the conduction band, generating electron-hole pairs.

[0057] The solar cell provided in this application can convert light from both sides. The solar cell can be placed tilted or vertically on the placement surface so that both sides of the solar cell can perform photoelectric conversion. Regardless of how the light angle changes, the light can be utilized to the maximum extent.

[0058] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes tempered glass, with the solar cell positioned between two tempered glass panels. EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) can be applied between the tempered glass and the solar cell to secure them relative to each other. Furthermore, silicone can be filled between the sides of the solar cell and the tempered glass to isolate the solar cell and the EVA from the outside air.

[0059] In some embodiments, a photovoltaic module may further include a support frame and a fixing member. The fixing member is disposed around the solar cell to secure the solar cell, and the solar cell is mounted on the support frame via the fixing member. The photovoltaic module may further include a frame, disposed around the solar cell, and the frame may be made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The fixing member is connected to the frame, and the solar cell is mounted on the support frame via the fixing member.

[0060] Exemplarily, the power generation device is a solar photovoltaic generator.

[0061] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes, but is not limited to, lighting equipment, energy storage equipment, etc. For example, the electrical device includes a solar water heater, a solar street light, a solar calculator, etc.

[0062] The following is a detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0063] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in another embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in yet another embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in yet another embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the layer structure of a solar cell provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the layer structure of a solar cell provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0064] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, for ease of explanation, the direction of the arrow X represents the “thickness direction”.

[0065] The first aspect of the present application provides a solar cell, such as Figures 1 to 6As shown, it includes: sub-batteries 100, at least two sub-batteries 100 are electrically connected to each other, each sub-battery 100 includes a first electrode sheet 10 and a second electrode sheet 12 as a positive electrode and a conductive sheet 11 as a common negative electrode, the first electrode sheet 10 and the second electrode sheet 12 both include a perovskite active battery layer 15, the conductive sheet 11 has two surfaces opposite to each other along its own thickness direction X, the first electrode sheet 10 and the second electrode sheet 12 are respectively arranged on the two surfaces of the conductive sheet 11 and are respectively electrically connected to the conductive sheet 11, in two adjacent sub-batteries 100, the conductive sheet 11 and the second electrode sheet 12 of one sub-battery 100 are respectively electrically connected to the first electrode sheet 10 and the conductive sheet 11 of the other sub-battery 100.

[0066] The conductive sheet 11 is configured to be approximately sheet-shaped, and the direction where the shortest side of the conductive sheet 11 is located is regarded as the thickness direction X of the conductive sheet 11 .

[0067] The solar cell includes a subcell 100. The subcell 100 includes a first electrode sheet 10, a second electrode sheet 12, and a conductive sheet 11. The conductive sheet 11 is disposed between the first electrode sheet 10 and the second electrode sheet 12. Along the thickness direction X of the conductive sheet 11, the conductive sheet 11 has surfaces on both sides. The first electrode sheet 10 is formed on one surface, and the second electrode sheet 12 is formed on the other surface.

[0068] The first electrode sheet 10 and the second electrode sheet 12 can be the same or different. Both the first electrode sheet 10 and the second electrode sheet 12 include at least a perovskite active cell layer 15. The perovskite active cell layer 15 is a key layer structure that enables each sub-cell 100 to convert light energy into electrical energy. The perovskite active cell layer 15 absorbs photons in light, stimulating electron-hole pairs and generating current. The conductive sheet 11 is used to collect these electrons and holes.

[0069] In a specific embodiment, a perovskite active battery layer 15 is formed on both sides of the conductive sheet 11 along the thickness direction X, so that the perovskite active battery layer 15, the conductive sheet 11, and the perovskite active battery layer 15 are stacked in sequence. The perovskite active battery layer 15 located on one side of the conductive sheet 11 can be considered as the first electrode sheet 10, and the perovskite active battery layer 15 located on the other side of the conductive sheet 11 can be considered as the second electrode sheet 12. The perovskite active battery layers 15 located on both sides of the conductive sheet 11 can be the same perovskite active battery layer 15 or different perovskite active battery layers 15.

[0070] The present application does not impose any particular limitation on the band gap of the perovskite active battery layer 15, and the band gap of the perovskite active battery layer 15 conventionally used in the art can be adopted. In the present application, there is no particular limitation on the band gap measurement method. Exemplarily, the band gap measurement method may include: first, obtaining an ultraviolet absorption curve through ultraviolet absorption spectrum testing; and then calculating the band gap of the perovskite active battery layer 15 through the Tauc equation. The present application does not impose any particular limitation on the thickness of the perovskite active battery layer 15, and the thickness of the perovskite active battery layer 15 conventionally used in the art can be adopted. Exemplarily, the thickness of the perovskite active battery layer 15 is in the range of 200nm to 1000nm.

[0071] In some embodiments, the perovskite material includes at least one of the compounds shown as [A][B][X]3 and the compounds shown as [A]2[C][D][X]6, wherein A includes at least one inorganic or organic monovalent cation, B includes at least one inorganic divalent cation, C includes at least one inorganic monovalent cation, D includes at least one inorganic trivalent cation, and X includes at least one monovalent anion.

[0072] Exemplary organic monovalent cations include: (NR1R2R3R4) + 、(R1R2N=CR3R4) + 、(R1R2N-C(R5)=NR3R4) + or (R1R2N-C(NR5R6)=NR3R4) + At least one of, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are each independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted aryl. For example, the organic monovalent cation includes: ((H2N=CH-NH2) + (abbreviated as FA), CH3NH3 + (abbreviated as MA) at least one.

[0073] Exemplary inorganic monovalent cations include: Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + 、Cs + 、Cu + 、Ag + 、Au + or Hg + At least one of .

[0074] Exemplary inorganic divalent cations include: Pb 2+ 、Sn 2+ 、Be 2+ Mg 2+ , Ca 2+、Sr 2+ 、Ba 2+ 、Zn 2+ 、Ge 2+ 、Fe 2+ 、Co 2+ 、Ni 2+ 、Cd 2+ 、Cu 2+ 、Mn 2+ 、Pd 2+ 、Yb 2+ or Eu 2+ At least one of .

[0075] Exemplary inorganic trivalent cations include: Bi 3+ 、Sb 3+ Cr 3+ 、Fe 3+ 、Co 3+ 、Ga 3+ 、As 3+ 、Ru 3+ , Rh 3+ 、In 3+ 、Ir 3+ 、Au 3+ or Al 3+ At least one of .

[0076] Exemplary monovalent anions include: F - 、Cl - Br - , I - 、SCN - 、CNO - 、OCN - 、OSCN - SH - OH - 、CN - 、SeCN - At least one of .

[0077] In some embodiments, the general expression of the perovskite light absorbing layer is as follows: Cs 1-X-Y FA X MA Y PbI 3-A- B Br A Cl B (0≤X≤1, 0≤Y≤1, 0≤X+Y≤1, 0≤A≤3, 0≤B≤3, 0≤A+B≤3). Exemplarily, optionally, the perovskite light absorbing layer includes Cs 0.1 MA 0.15 FA 0.75 PbCl 0.15 I2.85 、MAPbI3、FAPbI3、(FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 Cs 0.05 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 )3. Cs 0.1 MA 0.15 FA 0.75 PbCl 0.15 I 2.85 , CsPbI3, CsPbI2Br, CsPbIBr2, Cs 0.2 FA 0.8 PbI 1.2 Br 1.8 、Cs 0.2 FA 0.8 PbI 2.4 Br 0.6 At least one of, wherein FA represents (H2N=CH-NH2) + , MA represents CH3NH3 + The lead-based perovskite materials mentioned above are commonly found in perovskite solar cells, giving the solar cells good reproducibility.

[0078] At least two sub-cells 100 are electrically connected to each other. In two adjacent sub-cells 100, the conductive sheet 11 and the second electrode sheet 12 of one sub-cell 100 are electrically connected to the first electrode sheet 10 and the conductive sheet 11 of the other sub-cell 100, respectively. Specifically, the first electrode sheets 10 of each sub-cell 100 are connected in series, the second electrode sheets 12 of each sub-cell 100 are connected in series, and the first electrode sheets 10 and the second electrode sheets 12 of each sub-cell 100 are connected in parallel.

[0079] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 Taking the two sub-cells 100 on the left as an example, which are electrically connected to each other, the two sub-cells 100 are a first sub-cell 1001 and a second sub-cell 1002. The first electrode sheet 10 of the first sub-cell 1001 and the first electrode sheet 10 of the second sub-cell 1002 are connected in series, and the second electrode sheet 12 of the first sub-cell 1001 and the second electrode sheet 12 of the second sub-cell 1002 are connected in series. Specifically, the conductive sheet 11 of the first sub-cell 1001 is electrically connected to the first electrode sheet 10 of the second sub-cell 1002, and the second electrode sheet 12 of the first sub-cell 1001 is electrically connected to the conductive sheet 11 of the second sub-cell 1002.

[0080] Continue to see Figure 2 and Figure 3Taking the example of three sub-cells 100 electrically connected to each other, the three sub-cells are the first sub-cell 1001, the second sub-cell 1002, and the third sub-cell 1003. The first electrode sheet 10 of the first sub-cell 1001, the first electrode sheet 10 of the second sub-cell 1002, and the first electrode sheet 10 of the third sub-cell 1003 are connected in series; the second electrode sheet 12 of the first sub-cell 1001, the second electrode sheet 12 of the second sub-cell 1002, and the second electrode sheet 12 of the third sub-cell 1003 are connected in series. Specifically, the conductive sheet 11 of the first sub-cell 1001 is electrically connected to the first electrode sheet 10 of the second sub-cell 1002, and the second electrode sheet 12 of the first sub-cell 1001 is electrically connected to the conductive sheet 11 of the second sub-cell 1002. The conductive sheet 11 of the second sub-cell 1002 is also electrically connected to the first electrode sheet 10 of the third sub-cell 1003, and the second electrode sheet 12 of the second sub-cell 1002 is electrically connected to the conductive sheet 11 of the third sub-cell 1003.

[0081] Of course, the number of sub-cells 100 provided can be more than three, and in any three adjacent sub-cells 100, the conductive sheet 11 of one sub-cell 100 is electrically connected to the first electrode sheet 10 of another sub-cell 100, the second electrode sheet 12 of the sub-cell 100 is electrically connected to the conductive sheet 11 of another sub-cell 100, the conductive sheet 11 of the sub-cell 100 is also electrically connected to the second electrode sheet 12 of yet another sub-cell 100, and the first electrode sheet 10 of the sub-cell 100 is electrically connected to the conductive sheet 11 of yet another sub-cell 100. Among them, one sub-cell can be equivalent to the first sub-cell 1001, another sub-cell can be equivalent to the second sub-cell 1002, and yet another sub-cell can be equivalent to the third sub-cell 1003. Independent conductive members 13 (for example, wires) can be provided between the sub-cells to achieve electrical connection, or parts of the sub-cells can be abutted against each other to achieve electrical connection. This application does not impose any special restrictions on the specific method of achieving electrical connection between the sub-cells 100.

[0082] In the embodiment of the present application, since the first electrode sheet 10 and the second electrode sheet 12 are disposed on both surfaces of the conductive sheet 11 in the thickness direction X, and the two electrode sheets share the same conductive sheet 11, light from both sides of the sub-cell 100 in the thickness direction X can be utilized. Under the action of the electric field, the conductive sheet 11 connects the first electrode sheet 10 and the second electrode sheet in parallel, each performing photoelectric conversion to generate voltage and current, thereby improving the utilization rate of light and helping to increase the generated current, thereby improving the power output per unit area. Since the conductive sheet 11 of one of the adjacent sub-cells 100 is electrically connected to the first electrode sheet 10 of the other sub-cell 100, and the second electrode sheet 12 of the sub-cell 100 is electrically connected to the conductive sheet 11 of the other sub-cell 100, the first electrode sheets 10 of the adjacent sub-cells 100 can be connected in series with each other, and the second electrode sheets 12 of the adjacent sub-cells 100 can be connected in series with each other, resulting in a simple structure and the ability to provide a large amount of current.

[0083] In some embodiments, as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a plurality of sub-cells 100 are arranged in an array, and in the same projection plane perpendicular to the thickness direction X, the projections of two adjacent sub-cells 100 partially overlap.

[0084] Alternatively, as Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the multiple sub-cells 100 are arranged in a stair-like manner. Specifically, the multiple sub-cells 100 are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction X. Each sub-cell 100 has a first side surface and a second side surface along the thickness direction X. Along the arrangement direction of the sub-cells 100, the first side surface of the previous sub-cell 100 is partially opposite to the second side surface of the next sub-cell 100, so that the sub-cells 100 are arranged in a step-by-step ascending or descending stair-like manner.

[0085] Alternatively, Figure 2 As shown, multiple sub-cells 100 are arranged in an overlapping manner. Specifically, multiple sub-cells 100 are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction X, and each sub-cell 100 has a first side surface and a second side surface along the thickness direction X. Along the arrangement direction of the sub-cells 100, one sub-cell 100 is flanked by another sub-cell 100 and yet another sub-cell 100, respectively. The first side surface of one sub-cell 100 partially faces the second side surface of another sub-cell 100, and the first side surface of one sub-cell 100 also partially faces the second side surface of yet another sub-cell 100, resulting in the sub-cells 100 being arranged in an overlapping manner with an up-and-down pattern.

[0086] In the same projection plane perpendicular to the thickness direction X, the projections of two adjacent sub-cells 100 partially overlap, so that the surface of one sub-cell 100 on one side along the thickness direction X is directly opposite to the surface of the other sub-cell 100 on the other side along the thickness direction X. For example, a portion of the first electrode sheet 10 of one sub-cell 100 is directly opposite to a portion of the second electrode sheet 12 of the other sub-cell 100 along the thickness direction X, or a portion of the first electrode sheet 10 of one sub-cell 100 is directly opposite to a portion of the conductive sheet 11 of the other sub-cell 100 along the thickness direction X.

[0087] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, a plurality of sub-batteries 100 are arranged in an array, and the first electrode sheets 10 and the second electrode sheets 12 of adjacent sub-batteries 100 are spaced apart from each other. In the same projection plane perpendicular to the thickness direction X, the projections of two adjacent sub-batteries 100 partially overlap. A conductive member 13 can be provided between adjacent sub-batteries 100 to achieve electrical connection. Specifically, one end of the conductive member 13 is electrically connected to the conductive layer of one sub-battery 100, and the other end of the conductive member 13 is electrically connected to the first electrode sheet 10 or the second electrode sheet 12 of another adjacent sub-battery 100. If other sub-batteries 100 are provided on both sides of the sub-battery 100, the conductive sheet 11 of the sub-battery 100 in the middle is electrically connected to the first battery sheet of the sub-battery 100 on one side through the conductive member 13, and is electrically connected to the second battery sheet on the other side through the conductive member 13. Optionally, the conductive member 13 may be a wire. Also optionally, the conductive member 13 is formed by extending the conductive sheet 11.

[0088] In some embodiments, as Figure 3 As shown, multiple sub-cells 100 are arranged in an array. In the same projection plane perpendicular to the thickness direction X, the projections of two adjacent sub-cells 100 partially overlap. In the same projection plane along the thickness direction X, the projections of two adjacent sub-cells 100 partially overlap. Part of one sub-cell 100 overlaps part of another adjacent sub-cell 100.

[0089] Specifically, the size of the conductive sheet 11 of the sub-cell 100 is larger than the size of the first electrode sheet 10, and the surface of the conductive sheet 11 facing the first electrode sheet 10 includes a first contact surface in contact with the first electrode sheet 10 and a first exposed surface 111 not covered by the first electrode sheet 10. The size of the conductive sheet 11 of the sub-cell 100 is larger than the size of the second electrode sheet 12, and the surface of the conductive sheet 11 facing the second electrode sheet 12 includes a second contact surface in contact with the second electrode sheet 12 and a second exposed surface 112 not covered by the second electrode sheet 12. In adjacent sub-cells 100, the second exposed surface 112 of one sub-cell 100 contacts and conducts electricity with the first electrode sheet 10 of another sub-cell 100, and / or the first exposed surface 111 of one sub-cell 100 contacts and conducts electricity with the second electrode sheet 12 of another sub-cell 100. Furthermore, the first electrode sheets 10 and second electrode sheets 12 of adjacent sub-cells 100 are separated from each other.

[0090] As a result, the sub-batteries 100 are arranged more compactly, which helps to reduce the area occupied during installation and helps to improve the power output per unit area.

[0091] In some embodiments, as Figure 4 As shown, in two adjacent sub-cells 100, a conductive member 13 is provided between the first electrode sheet 10 of one sub-cell 100 and the conductive sheet 11 of the other sub-cell 100, and a conductive member 13 is provided between the conductive sheet 11 of one sub-cell 100 and the second electrode sheet 12 of the other sub-cell 100, and / or, in two adjacent sub-cells 100, a conductive member 13 is provided between the second electrode sheet 12 of one sub-cell 100 and the conductive sheet 11 of another sub-cell 100, and a conductive member 13 is provided between the conductive sheet 11 of one sub-cell 100 and the first electrode sheet 10 of another sub-cell 100.

[0092] Thus, the first electrode sheets 10 of adjacent sub-cells 100 are connected in series via the conductive member 13, and the second electrode sheets 12 of adjacent sub-cells 100 are connected in series via the conductive member 13, without the need for laser etching and ribbon welding, which helps to reduce the shading area and line loss and save space.

[0093] In some embodiments, in the same projection plane perpendicular to the thickness direction X, the projection of the first electrode sheet 10 of one sub-cell 100 and the projection of the conductive sheet 11 of another sub-cell 100 have a first overlapping portion, and the projection of the conductive member 13 in the projection plane overlaps with the first overlapping portion. The projection of the second electrode sheet 12 of one sub-cell 100 and the projection of the conductive sheet 11 of another sub-cell 100 have a second overlapping portion, and the projection of the conductive member 13 in the projection plane overlaps with the second overlapping portion.

[0094] In a specific embodiment, the size of the conductive sheet 11 of the sub-cell 100 is slightly larger than the size of the first electrode sheet 10, and also slightly larger than the size of the second electrode sheet 12. The surface of the conductive sheet 11 facing the first electrode sheet 10 includes a first contact surface in contact with the first electrode sheet 10 and a first exposed surface 111 not covered by the first electrode sheet 10. The surface of the conductive sheet 11 facing the second electrode sheet 12 includes a second contact surface in contact with the second electrode sheet 12 and a second exposed surface 112 not covered by the second electrode sheet 12.

[0095] In the same projection plane perpendicular to the thickness direction X, the projection of the first electrode sheet 10 of one sub-cell 100 and the projection of the conductive sheet 11 of the other sub-cell 100 have a first overlapping portion, and the first overlapping portion is respectively located on the second exposed surface 112 and the surface of the first electrode sheet 10 away from the conductive sheet 11. The size of the conductive member 13 does not exceed the size of the first overlapping portion and is arranged between the first overlapping portions.

[0096] In the same projection plane perpendicular to the thickness direction X, the projection of the second electrode sheet 12 of one sub-cell 100 and the projection of the conductive sheet 11 of the other sub-cell 100 have a second overlapping portion, and the second overlapping portion is respectively located on the first exposed surface 111 and the surface of the second electrode sheet 12 away from the conductive sheet 11. The size of the conductive member 13 does not exceed the size of the second overlapping portion and is arranged between the second overlapping portions.

[0097] Among the multiple sub-cells 100 arranged in sequence, a conductive member 13 is set between the first exposed surface 111 of one sub-cell 100 and the second electrode sheet 12 of another sub-cell 100 located on one side to make the two conductive, and a conductive member 13 is set between the first electrode sheet 10 of the sub-cell 100 and the second exposed surface 112 of another sub-cell 100 to make the two conductive, and / or a conductive member 13 is set between the second exposed surface 112 of one sub-cell 100 and the first electrode sheet 10 of another sub-cell 100 located on the other side to make the two conductive, and a conductive member 13 is set between the second electrode sheet 12 of the sub-cell 100 and the first exposed surface 111 of another sub-cell 100 to make the two conductive.

[0098] Adjacent sub-cells 100 are spaced apart from each other, and the conductive member 13 for electrically connecting the first exposed surface 111 and the second electrode sheet 12 is spaced apart from the conductive member 13 for electrically connecting the second exposed surface 112 and the first electrode sheet 10. Optionally, an insulating member 14 is provided at the space between the first and second electrode sheets 10, 12 on adjacent sub-cells 100 to insulate each other.

[0099] Optionally, in the same projection plane perpendicular to the thickness direction X, the first exposed surface 111 and the second exposed surface 112 at least partially overlap.

[0100] Since in the same projection plane perpendicular to the thickness direction X, the conductive members 13 between adjacent sub-cells 100, the first electrode sheet 10 of one of the adjacent sub-cells 100 and the conductive sheet 11 of the other overlap, and the conductive members 13 between adjacent sub-cells 100, the second electrode sheet 12 of one of the adjacent sub-cells 100 and the conductive sheet 11 of the other overlap, the first electrode sheets 10 of adjacent sub-cells 100 can be connected in series with each other through the conductive members 13, and the second electrode sheets 12 of adjacent sub-cells 100 can be connected in series with each other through the conductive members 13, without the need for laser etching and ribbon welding, which helps to reduce the shading area and line loss and save space.

[0101] In some embodiments, the conductive member 13 includes conductive glue.

[0102] The conductive member 13 may be a metal conductor, conductive adhesive, solder, etc., or may be formed by bending and extending the conductive sheet 11 .

[0103] In this way, the first electrode sheets 10 and the second electrode sheets 12 of adjacent sub-cells 100 can be connected to each other, and the second electrode sheets 12 and the second electrode sheets 12 of adjacent sub-cells 100 can be connected to each other, and the adjacent sub-cells 100 can be relatively fixed, which helps to enhance the structural strength of the solar cell.

[0104] In some embodiments, see Figure 4 In two adjacent sub-cells 100, an insulating member 14 is provided between the first electrode sheet 10 of one sub-cell 100 and the second electrode sheet 12 of the other sub-cell 100, and the insulating member 14 is located between the conductive sheet 11 of one sub-cell 100 and the conductive sheet 11 of the other sub-cell 100.

[0105] In an optional embodiment, among the multiple sub-cells 100 arranged sequentially, the second exposed surface 112 of one sub-cell 100 contacts and is electrically connected to the first electrode sheet 10 of another sub-cell 100, and / or the first exposed surface 111 of one sub-cell 100 contacts and is electrically connected to the second electrode sheet 12 of yet another sub-cell 100. Furthermore, the first electrode sheet 10 and the second electrode sheet 12 of adjacent sub-cells 100 are spaced apart from each other. An insulating member 14 is provided between the first electrode sheet 10 and the second electrode sheet 12 to insulate them from each other.

[0106] In a specific embodiment, among the plurality of sub-cells 100 arranged sequentially, a gap is provided between the first electrode sheet 10 of one sub-cell 100 and the second electrode sheet 12 of another adjacent sub-cell 100. An insulating member 14 is provided at the gap to insulate the two from each other.

[0107] As a result, the risk of accidental conduction between the first electrode tab 10 of one adjacent sub-cell 100 and the second electrode tab 12 of the other adjacent sub-cell 100 is reduced.

[0108] In some embodiments, the insulating member 14 includes insulating glue.

[0109] In this way, the first electrode sheet 10 of one adjacent sub-cell 100 and the second electrode sheet 12 of the other adjacent sub-cell 100 can be insulated, and the adjacent sub-cells 100 can be relatively fixed, which helps to enhance the structural strength of the solar cell.

[0110] In some embodiments, when the solar cell is placed in an environment where the difference in illumination light on both sides is small, the first electrode sheet 10 and the second electrode sheet 12 can be constructed in the same form. In this case, the band gap of the perovskite active cell layer 15 of the first electrode sheet 10 is the same as the band gap of the perovskite active cell layer 15 of the second electrode sheet 12.

[0111] In some embodiments, the band gap of the perovskite active cell layer 15 of the first electrode sheet 10 is different from the band gap of the perovskite active cell layer 15 of the second electrode sheet 12 .

[0112] Under natural lighting conditions, the solar cell is tilted or positioned perpendicularly relative to the surface on which it is placed. The light intensity on one side of the solar cell is stronger than the other side, or one side of the solar cell is exposed to light for a longer period of time than the other side. The side of the solar cell facing the stronger light intensity or the longer light duration is considered the bright light side, and the other side is considered the dim light side. The perovskite active cell layer 15 with a smaller band gap can be positioned closer to the bright light side than the perovskite active cell layer 15 with a larger band gap.

[0113] Therefore, perovskite active battery layers 15 with different band gaps are selected according to the actual lighting conditions. For example, the band gap of the perovskite active battery layer 15 facing the weak light side is increased to compensate for the voltage loss caused by weak light, so as to reduce the voltage difference between the perovskite active battery layer 15 facing the strong light side and the perovskite active battery layer 15 facing the weak light side, which helps to match the voltages of the two.

[0114] In some embodiments, the band gap of the perovskite active battery layer 15 of the first electrode sheet is between 1.22 eV and 1.56 eV, and the band gap of the perovskite active battery layer 15 of the second electrode sheet is between 1.62 eV and 2.1 eV.

[0115] In actual use, the first electrode sheet 10 is placed toward the strong light side, and the second electrode sheet 12 is placed toward the weak light side.

[0116] For example, the band gap of the perovskite active cell layer 15 of the first electrode sheet 10 may be 1.22 eV, 1.26 eV, 1.31 eV, 1.35 eV, 1.42 eV, 1.48 eV, 1.5 eV, or 1.56 eV, or other values ​​within the range of 1.22 eV to 1.56 eV.

[0117] For example, the band gap of the perovskite active cell layer 15 of the second electrode sheet 12 may be 1.62 eV, 1.67 eV, 1.73 eV, 1.77 eV, 1.85 eV, 1.89 eV, 1.94 eV, 1.98 eV, 2.0 eV, 2.05 eV, or 2.1 eV, but may also be other values ​​within the range of 1.62 eV to 2.1 eV.

[0118] Thus, a reasonable band gap selection range is provided, and the band gap is selected according to the actual light intensity so that the voltages of the perovskite active cell layer 15 facing the strong light side and the weak light side respectively can be matched.

[0119] Of course, those skilled in the art should understand that in some other embodiments, the second electrode sheet 12 may face the strong light side and the first electrode sheet 10 may face the weak light side, as long as the band gap of the perovskite active battery layer 15 of the sub-cell 100 facing the strong light side is smaller than the band gap of the perovskite active battery layer 15 of the sub-cell 100 facing the weak light side.

[0120] In some embodiments, as Figure 5 As shown, the first electrode sheet 10 and the second electrode sheet 12 further include an electrode layer 16 , and the perovskite active battery layer 15 is disposed between the conductive sheet 11 and the electrode layer 16 . The perovskite active battery layer 15 is electrically connected to the conductive sheet 11 .

[0121] The first electrode sheet 10 and the second electrode sheet 12 further include an electrode layer 16. The sub-cell 100 includes the electrode layer 16, the perovskite active cell layer 15, the conductive sheet 11, the perovskite active cell layer 15, and the electrode layer 16 stacked in sequence along the thickness direction X. The electrode layer 16 may be configured as a gate electrode.

[0122] In some embodiments, the electrode layer 16, which may also be referred to as the bottom electrode or transparent electrode, generally refers to the electrode that first receives incident light and is used to collect electrons / holes. Exemplarily, the material used for the electrode layer 16 may include a transparent conductive material. The present application does not particularly limit the transparent conductive material included in the electrode layer 16. Exemplarily, the transparent conductive material includes: at least one of tin oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, indium-doped tungsten oxide (IWO), and graphene.

[0123] Furthermore, the first electrode sheet 10 and the second electrode sheet 12 further include a passivation layer, which can be disposed between the perovskite light absorbing layer and the electrode layer 16, or between the perovskite light absorbing layer and the conductive sheet 11. Exemplarily, the structures within the sub-cell 100 are arranged in the following order: electrode layer 16, passivation layer, perovskite active cell layer 15, conductive sheet 11, perovskite active cell layer 15, passivation layer, and electrode layer 16.

[0124] The passivation layer includes a polymer passivator and oxide nanoparticles. The polymer passivator includes at least one heteroatom selected from N, O or S. The surfaces of the oxide nanoparticles have hydroxyl groups.

[0125] In some embodiments, the polymer passivator includes at least one of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), poly-4-vinylpyridine (P4VP), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinyl acetate (PVAC), polyethylene oxide, polypropylene carbonate, and polylysine. Alternatively, the polymer passivator includes at least one of polymethyl methacrylate, poly-4-vinylpyridine, and polyacrylonitrile. These polymer passivators have a significant passivating effect on the perovskite active cell layer 15, and the polymer passivators include N and / or O. The lone pairs of electrons in N and O easily form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the oxide nanoparticles.

[0126] In some embodiments, the average particle size of the oxide nanoparticles is between 10 nm and 20 nm. For example, the average particle size of the oxide nanoparticles is 10 nm, 11 nm, 12 nm, 13 nm, 14 nm, 15 nm, 16 nm, 17 nm, 18 nm, 19 nm, 20 nm, or a range between any two of these values, but is not limited thereto. By controlling the average particle size of the oxide nanoparticles within the above range, the impact of the oxide nanoparticles on the photovoltaic performance of the solar cell can be reduced.

[0127] In some embodiments, the oxide nanoparticles include at least one of silicon dioxide (SiO2), tin dioxide (SnO2), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3). Alternatively, the oxide nanoparticles include at least one of silicon dioxide or zirconium oxide. The surfaces of these oxide nanoparticles have a high number of hydroxyl groups, which facilitates hydrogen bonding with the polymer passivating agent.

[0128] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the polymer passivator to the oxide nanoparticles is 100:100 to 100:1; alternatively, 100:50 to 100:1; alternatively, 100:20 to 100:1; alternatively, 100:50 to 100:5; alternatively, 100:20 to 100:5. Exemplarily, the mass ratio of the polymer passivator to the oxide nanoparticles is 100:100, 100:90, 100:80, 100:70, 100:60, 100:50, 100:40, 100:30, 100:20, 100:10, 100:5, 100:1, or a range between any two values, but is not limited thereto. By controlling the mass ratio of the polymer passivator to the oxide nanoparticles within the above range, the polymer passivator is able to exert its passivation properties, thereby maintaining the photovoltaic performance of the solar cell at a high level.

[0129] Thus, the carrier collection capability is improved by providing the electrode layer 16 .

[0130] In some embodiments, as Figure 6 As shown, the first electrode sheet 10 and the second electrode sheet 12 further include an electron transport layer 17 and a hole transport layer 18. The electrode layer 16, the electron transport layer 17, the perovskite active battery layer 15 and the hole transport layer 18 are stacked in sequence along the thickness direction X, and the hole transport layer 18 is electrically connected to the conductive sheet 11.

[0131] In some embodiments, the first electrode sheet 10 and the second electrode sheet 12 further include an electron transport layer 17 and a hole transport layer 18. The electron transport layer 17 and the hole transport layer 18 are respectively disposed on both sides of the perovskite active battery layer 15. The sub-cell 100 may include an electrode layer 16, an electron transport layer 17, a perovskite active battery layer 15, a hole transport layer 18, a conductive sheet 11, a hole transport layer 18, a perovskite active battery layer 15, an electron transport layer 17, and an electrode layer 16 stacked in sequence along the thickness direction X. The sub-cell 100 may also include an electrode layer 16, a hole transport layer 18, a perovskite active battery layer 15, an electron transport layer 17, a conductive sheet 11, an electron transport layer 17, a perovskite active battery layer 15, a hole transport layer 18, and an electrode layer 16 stacked in sequence along the thickness direction X.

[0132] In the present application, the electron transport layer 17 has the function of transporting electrons, and is used to transport the electrons generated by the perovskite active battery layer 15 to the adjacent electrodes, and prevent the transmission of holes.

[0133] The present application does not specifically limit the electron transport material used in the electron transport layer 17, and the electron transport materials commonly used in the art can be used. For example, the electron transport material includes: at least one of imide compounds, quinone compounds, fullerenes and their derivatives, metal oxides, semiconductor material oxides, titanates, fluorides and their derivatives, and materials obtained by doping or passivation. Exemplarily, the imide compound includes: at least one of phthalimide, succinimide, N-bromosuccinimide, glutarimide or maleimide. Exemplarily, the quinone compound includes: at least one of benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, phenanthrenequinone or anthraquinone. Exemplarily, the metal element in the metal oxide includes: at least one of Mg, Cd, Zn, In, Pb, W, Sb, Bi, Hg, Ti, Ag, Mn, Fe, V, Sn, Zr, Sr, Ga or Cr. Optionally, the metal oxide includes at least one of tin dioxide (SnO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). Exemplarily, the semiconductor material oxide includes silicon oxide. Exemplarily, the titanate includes at least one of strontium titanate and calcium titanate. Exemplarily, the fluoride includes at least one of lithium fluoride and calcium fluoride.

[0134] The present application does not impose any particular limitation on the thickness of the electron transport layer 17, and the thickness of the electron transport layer 17 conventionally used in the art can be adopted. For example, the thickness of the electron transport layer 17 is 15 nm to 30 nm.

[0135] In the present application, the hole transport layer 18 has the function of extracting and transporting holes, and is used to transport the holes generated by the perovskite active battery layer 15 to the adjacent electrodes and prevent the transmission of electrons.

[0136] The present application does not impose any particular limitation on the hole transport material used in the hole transport layer 18, and hole transport materials commonly used in the art can be used. Exemplary hole transport materials include: nickel oxide (NiO x , 1≤x≤2), cuprous iodide (CuI), cuprous oxide (Cu2O), cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN), 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(di-p-tolylamino)spiro-9,9'-bifluorene (Spiro-TTB), and poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA).

[0137] The present application does not impose any particular limitation on the thickness of the hole transport layer 18 , and the thickness of the hole transport layer 18 conventionally used in the art may be adopted. For example, the thickness of the hole transport layer 18 is 10 nm to 200 nm.

[0138] The preparation method of each functional layer of the solar cell is not particularly limited and may include methods commonly used in the art, such as spin coating, spray coating, slit coating, doctor blade coating, chemical bath deposition, electrochemical deposition, chemical vapor deposition, physical epitaxial growth, vacuum thermal evaporation, atomic layer deposition, magnetron sputtering, and mechanical pressing.

[0139] Therefore, the perovskite active battery layer 15 is involved in the excitation, separation and transport of carriers. After absorbing photons, the perovskite active battery layer 15 is excited to generate excitons, and the excitons are separated at the interface of the hole transport layer 18, the perovskite active battery layer 15 and the electron transport layer 17, so that holes are injected into the hole transport layer 18 and collected by the conductive sheet 11, and electrons are injected into the electron transport layer 17 and collected by the electrode layer 16, and finally a current is formed through the external circuit and the cycle is completed.

[0140] In some embodiments, the conductive sheet 11 is made of conductive metal or conductive glass.

[0141] In some embodiments, the conductive sheet 11 is used to collect electrons / holes. For example, the conductive sheet 11 may be made of a conductive material. This application does not specifically limit the conductive material included in the conductive sheet 11. For example, the conductive material includes at least one of an organic conductive material and an inorganic conductive material.

[0142] The inorganic conductive material includes at least one of a transparent conductive material, a metal and its alloys, and a carbon element. When the conductive sheet 11 is made of a transparent material, light incident on the bright light side is partially absorbed and utilized by the perovskite active cell layer 15 positioned toward the bright light side, while a portion passes through the conductive sheet 11 and is absorbed and utilized by the perovskite active cell layer 15 on the other side, further increasing light utilization. For example, the transparent material can be conductive glass.

[0143] Exemplarily, the metal and its alloy include at least one of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, nickel, chromium, bismuth, platinum, magnesium, molybdenum, and tungsten. Exemplarily, the carbon material includes at least one of graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes. Exemplarily, the organic conductive material includes at least one of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polythiophene, and polyacetylene.

[0144] Therefore, the conductive metal or conductive glass can improve the carrier collection ability. In addition, the conductive glass is light-transmissive, allowing light from one side to pass through the conductive sheet 11 to the other side, which is suitable for use in scenarios where the light intensity on both sides is greatly different.

[0145] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a photovoltaic assembly, comprising the solar cell according to the first aspect above.

[0146] Wires are provided to electrically connect the solar cells. Specifically, wires are used to connect the first electrode sheet 10 and the second electrode sheet 12 to an external circuit in parallel, and wires are used to connect the conductive sheet 11 to the external circuit.

[0147] Since the photovoltaic module includes solar cells with high light utilization efficiency and high power output per unit area, the photovoltaic module can generate more current and has a larger output power.

[0148] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a power generation device, comprising the solar cell according to the second aspect above.

[0149] Thus, a power generation device equipped with a solar cell with high light utilization efficiency can be provided, the power generation of the power generation device is increased, the power generation device can meet relatively sufficient electric energy, and the reliability of the power generation device is improved.

[0150] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device, comprising the solar cell according to the second aspect above.

[0151] Thus, an electric device equipped with a solar cell having a high light utilization rate can be provided, and the electric device can obtain sufficient current to operate, thereby improving the reliability of the electric device.

[0152] A specific embodiment of the present application is described below.

[0153] Multiple sub-cells 100 are arranged in sequence. The conductive sheet 11 of one sub-cell 100 is electrically connected to the electrode layer 16 of the first electrode sheet 10 of another adjacent sub-cell 100 via conductive adhesive, and / or the conductive sheet 11 of the sub-cell 100 is electrically connected to the electrode layer 16 of the second electrode sheet 12 of yet another adjacent sub-cell 100 via conductive adhesive. This achieves series connection between the first electrode sheets 10 and the second electrode sheets 12. The conductive sheet 11 can be a conductive metal foil. The electrode layer 16 can be a gate electrode.

[0154] Each subcell 100 includes a perovskite active cell layer 15, a conductive sheet 11, a hole transport layer 18, and an electron transport layer 17. Above the conductive sheet 11 are the hole transport layer 18, the perovskite active cell layer 15, the electron transport layer 17, and the electrode layer 16. Below the conductive sheet 11 are the hole transport layer 18, the perovskite light-absorbing layer, the electron transport layer 17, and the electrode layer 16. The upper and lower parts share the conductive sheet 11 as the electrode for hole transport. Because the perovskite active cell layer 15 is coated on both sides of the conductive sheet 11, it can receive light from both sides simultaneously, achieving current gain.

[0155] When two battery cells are interconnected, they are connected through conductive glue. One end of the conductive glue is the conductive sheet 11, and the other end is the electrode layer 16 of another sub-battery 100. The conductive member 13 used to electrically connect the conductive sheet 11 and the second electrode sheet 12 and the conductive member 13 used to electrically connect the conductive sheet 11 and the first electrode sheet 10 are spaced apart from each other, and the gaps between the conductive members 13 are filled with insulating material to prevent leakage and short circuit. After the battery cells are interconnected in sequence, the first electrode sheet 10 and the second electrode sheet 12 are finally connected to the external circuit in parallel at one end of the solar cell using a wire, and the conductive sheet 11 is connected to the external circuit at the other end of the solar cell using a wire, realizing a circuit connection method of series connection on the front, series connection on the back, and parallel connection between the front and back. The first electrode sheet 10 can be regarded as the front, and the second electrode sheet 12 can be regarded as the back.

[0156] Because the front and back sides are connected in parallel, voltage matching is required. The light intensity difference between the front and back sides is quite large, so a conventional bandgap perovskite with a bandgap of 1.22-1.56 eV is used as the light-absorbing material on the front side, and a wide bandgap perovskite with a bandgap of 1.62-2.1 eV is used as the light-absorbing material on the back side. By increasing the bandgap of the back side light-absorbing layer, the voltage loss caused by weak light is compensated, thus achieving voltage matching between the front and back sides. Ultimately, the flexible double-sided perovskite shingled module has an improved power output per unit area due to the current gain provided by the back side. This flexible double-sided perovskite shingled module can be used in flexible application scenarios such as fences and fences that are placed in an inclined or vertical position.

[0157] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that: include: Sub-cells, at least two of which are electrically connected to each other, each of which includes a first electrode sheet and a second electrode sheet as positive electrodes and a conductive sheet as a common negative electrode, wherein the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet each include a perovskite active cell layer, The conductive sheet has two surfaces opposite to each other along its thickness direction, the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet are respectively arranged on the two surfaces of the conductive sheet and are respectively electrically connected to the conductive sheet, and in two adjacent sub-batteries, the conductive sheet and the second electrode sheet of one sub-battery are respectively electrically connected to the first electrode sheet and the conductive sheet of the other sub-battery.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The plurality of sub-batteries are arranged in an array, and in the same projection plane perpendicular to the thickness direction, projections of two adjacent sub-batteries partially overlap.

3. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein In two adjacent sub-cells, a conductive member is provided between the first electrode sheet of one sub-cell and the conductive sheet of the other sub-cell, and the conductive member is provided between the conductive sheet of one sub-cell and the second electrode sheet of the other sub-cell, and / or, In two adjacent sub-cells, the conductive member is provided between the second electrode sheet of one sub-cell and the conductive sheet of the other sub-cell, and the conductive member is provided between the conductive sheet of one sub-cell and the first electrode sheet of the other sub-cell.

4. The solar cell according to claim 2, wherein In two adjacent sub-cells, a conductive member is provided between the first electrode sheet of one sub-cell and the conductive sheet of the other sub-cell, and the conductive member is provided between the conductive sheet of one sub-cell and the second electrode sheet of the other sub-cell, and / or, In two adjacent sub-cells, the conductive member is provided between the second electrode sheet of one sub-cell and the conductive sheet of the other sub-cell, and the conductive member is provided between the conductive sheet of one sub-cell and the first electrode sheet of the other sub-cell.

5. The solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that In the same projection plane perpendicular to the thickness direction, the projection of the first electrode sheet of one sub-cell and the projection of the conductive sheet of another sub-cell have a first overlapping portion, and the projection of the conductive member in the projection plane overlaps with the first overlapping portion. A projection of the second electrode sheet of one sub-cell and a projection of the conductive sheet of another sub-cell have a second overlapping portion, and a projection of the conductive member within the projection plane overlaps with the second overlapping portion.

6. The solar cell according to claim 4, characterized in that In the same projection plane perpendicular to the thickness direction, the projection of the first electrode sheet of one sub-cell and the projection of the conductive sheet of another sub-cell have a first overlapping portion, and the projection of the conductive member in the projection plane overlaps with the first overlapping portion. A projection of the second electrode sheet of one sub-cell and a projection of the conductive sheet of another sub-cell have a second overlapping portion, and a projection of the conductive member within the projection plane overlaps with the second overlapping portion.

7. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that In two adjacent sub-cells, an insulating member is provided between the first electrode sheet of one sub-cell and the second electrode sheet of the other sub-cell, and the insulating member is located between the conductive sheet of one sub-cell and the conductive sheet of the other sub-cell.

8. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The band gap of the perovskite active cell layer of the first electrode sheet is different from the band gap of the perovskite active cell layer of the second electrode sheet.

9. The solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that The band gap of the perovskite active battery layer of the first electrode sheet is between 1.22 eV and 1.56 eV, and the band gap of the perovskite active battery layer of the second electrode sheet is between 1.62 eV and 2.1 eV.

10. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet further include an electrode layer. The perovskite active battery layer is provided between the conductive sheet and the electrode layer. The perovskite active battery layer is electrically connected to the conductive sheet.

11. The solar cell according to claim 10, characterized in that The first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet further include an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer. The electrode layer, the electron transport layer, the perovskite active battery layer and the hole transport layer are stacked in sequence along the thickness direction, and the hole transport layer is electrically connected to the conductive sheet.

12. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The conductive sheet is made of conductive metal or conductive glass.

13. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: A solar cell comprising the solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. A power generation device, characterized in that: The power generation device includes the solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

15. An electrical device, characterized in that: The electrical device comprises the solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 12, and the solar cell is used to provide electrical energy.

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