Hydrogen fuel cell heat and power cogeneration system

Abstract

The utility model provides a hydrogen fuel cell heat and power cogeneration system, and relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and the hydrogen fuel cell heat and power cogeneration system comprises a heating unit which comprises a fuel cell stack used for generating heat and power for a power utilization end and a heat utilization end to use; the hydrogen supply unit is used for supplying hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell stack; the conversion unit is used for adjusting a current instruction according to the actual power demand of the power utilization end and controlling the working state of the fuel cell stack; the heat dissipation unit is used for dissipating heat of the heating unit and controlling the temperature of the fuel cell stack within a target range; the control unit is used for adjusting the working state of each unit according to the real-time data; the hydrogen supply unit is connected with the fuel cell stack, one end of the conversion unit is connected with the fuel cell stack, the other end of the conversion unit is connected with the power utilization end, the control unit is electrically connected with each unit, one end of the heat dissipation unit is connected with the fuel cell stack, and the other end of the heat dissipation unit is connected with the heat utilization end.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of fuel cell technology, and specifically relates to a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system. Background Art

[0002] With the development of energy technology, hydrogen fuel cells are becoming an important alternative to traditional fossil fuels due to their high efficiency and clean, pollution-free nature. In particular, in stationary power generation applications, hydrogen fuel cells can provide stable power output and, through combined heat and power systems, can also provide heat energy, enabling more efficient energy utilization. However, existing stationary power generation systems still have shortcomings in terms of energy utilization, primarily reflected in low overall energy utilization rates. To ensure the normal operation of the system, large-scale radiator systems are often required to handle excess heat, which not only increases system complexity and cost but also limits the overall energy utilization rate. Utility Model Content

[0003] The present application provides a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system to solve the problem of low energy utilization rate of existing fixed power generation systems.

[0004] The technical solutions adopted in this application are:

[0005] The present invention provides a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system, comprising:

[0006] The heating unit includes a fuel cell stack, which is used to generate heat and electricity to supply the electricity and heat ends;

[0007] The hydrogen supply unit is responsible for supplying hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell stack;

[0008] The conversion unit is used to adjust the current instruction according to the actual power demand of the power consumption end to control the working state of the fuel cell stack;

[0009] The heat dissipation unit is used to dissipate heat from the heat generating unit and control the temperature of the fuel cell stack within a target range;

[0010] The control unit is used to adjust the working status of each unit according to real-time data;

[0011] The hydrogen supply unit is connected to the fuel cell stack, one end of the conversion unit is connected to the fuel cell stack, the other end of the conversion unit is connected to the power end, the control unit is electrically connected to each unit, one end of the heat dissipation unit is connected to the fuel cell stack, and the other end of the heat dissipation unit is connected to the heat end.

[0012] A hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system provided in the present application also includes the following additional technical features: the heating unit also includes: an air compressor, which is used to provide pressure for the fuel cell stack and to generate heat.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present application, the heat dissipation unit includes: a heat exchange pipeline, a first heat exchange plate, a second heat exchange plate, a main heat exchanger and a water pump; the first heat exchange plate and the main heat exchanger are connected in series through the heat exchange pipeline, the first heat exchange plate is connected to the heat-using end, one end of the water pump is connected to the fuel cell through the heat exchange pipeline, and the other end of the water pump is connected in parallel with the first heat exchange plate and the main heat exchanger through the heat exchange pipeline; the second heat exchange plate is connected to the fuel cell stack through the heat exchange pipeline, and the second heat exchange plate is also connected in parallel with the first heat exchange plate and the main heat exchanger through the heat exchange pipeline.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present application, the second heat exchange plate is connected to the air compressor.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present application, the power consumption end is used to determine the workload of the fuel cell stack.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present application, the heat-using end is used to collect waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack and the air compressor, and convert it into useful thermal energy to supply to users.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present application, a main heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor is provided at the inlet end of the main heat exchanger, and a main heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor is provided at the outlet end of the main heat exchanger.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present application, an electronic thermostat is further provided between the water pump, the first heat exchange plate and the main heat exchanger, and the electronic thermostat is used to control the flow direction of the coolant in the heat exchange pipeline.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present application, a valve is further provided between the fuel cell stack, the hydrogen supply unit and the air compressor, and the valve is used to control the communication with the fuel cell stack.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present application, the fuel cell stack is further provided with an exhaust pipeline for discharging a mixture of hydrogen and air.

[0021] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects achieved by this application are as follows:

[0022] The system reduces energy waste and improves the overall efficiency of energy utilization by recycling and reusing the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack. The conversion unit can dynamically adjust the current command based on the actual needs of the power user, ensuring that the fuel cell stack is powered on demand, avoiding overcharging or undersupply, and improving the flexibility and efficiency of power use. The design of the heat dissipation unit not only takes into account the cooling needs of the heating unit, but also takes into account the reuse of heat. While maintaining the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack within the ideal range, it can transfer excess heat energy to the heat user, ensuring the stable operation of the fuel cell. The control unit adjusts the working status of each functional unit by collecting and analyzing real-time data, realizing intelligent management of the system and improving the system's response speed and operating efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] in,

[0026] 1. First heat exchange plate, 2. Electronic thermostat, 3. Temperature sensor, 4. Main heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor, 5. Main heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor, 6. Water pump, 7. Second heat exchange plate, 8. Air compressor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the overall concept of the present application, a detailed description is given below in an illustrative manner in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0028] The following description sets forth many specific details to facilitate a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the present application may also be implemented in other ways than those described herein, and therefore, the scope of protection of the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features of each embodiment may be combined with each other unless there is a conflict.

[0029] In addition, in the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present application.

[0030] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, terms such as "installed," "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0031] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system comprises:

[0033] The heating unit includes: a fuel cell stack, which is used to generate heat and electricity to supply the electricity and heat ends;

[0034] The hydrogen supply unit is responsible for supplying hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell stack;

[0035] The conversion unit is used to adjust the current instruction according to the actual power demand of the power consumption end and control the working state of the fuel cell stack;

[0036] The heat dissipation unit is used to dissipate heat from the heat generating unit and control the temperature of the fuel cell stack within the target range;

[0037] The control unit is used to adjust the working status of each unit according to real-time data;

[0038] The hydrogen supply unit is connected to the fuel cell stack, one end of the conversion unit is connected to the fuel cell stack, the other end of the conversion unit is connected to the power end, the control unit is electrically connected to each unit, one end of the heat dissipation unit is connected to the fuel cell stack, and the other end of the heat dissipation unit is connected to the heat end.

[0039] Specifically, a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system includes the following key components:

[0040] Heat generation unit: Primarily a fuel cell stack. During operation, the fuel cell stack generates electricity through the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, but also produces a large amount of waste heat. This waste heat can be collected by a thermal management system and supplied to heat-using devices, such as heating or hot water supply.

[0041] Hydrogen supply unit: This is the device responsible for providing hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell stack. Hydrogen is the energy required for fuel cells to operate, and the continuous supply of hydrogen from the hydrogen supply unit ensures stable power generation for the fuel cell.

[0042] Conversion unit: This refers to the DC / DC converter, which adjusts the current command based on the actual power demand of the power user and controls the operating state of the fuel cell stack. In this way, the system can flexibly adjust power generation according to user power demand.

[0043] The heat dissipation unit, consisting of the main heat exchanger, first heat exchange plate 1, and second heat exchange plate 7, dissipates heat from the fuel cell stack and transfers waste heat to the heat-using end. A key function of the heat dissipation unit is to control the temperature of the fuel cell stack within a target range to prevent overheating.

[0044] Control Unit: The core control component of the system, it monitors and manages the entire combined heat and power system through intelligent control technology. The control unit adjusts the operating status of each unit based on real-time data to ensure efficient and stable system operation.

[0045] The system's workflow is as follows:

[0046] The hydrogen supply unit supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell stack, and the air is compressed by the air compressor and sent into the stack. The two undergo an electrochemical reaction in the stack to generate electricity and waste heat.

[0047] The conversion unit adjusts the current output of the fuel cell stack according to the power demand of the power consumption end to meet different power demand.

[0048] The heat dissipation unit recovers waste heat from the fuel cell stack through the first heat exchange plate 1 and the main heat exchanger, and recovers waste heat from the air compressor through the second heat exchange plate 7. This waste heat is then transferred to the heat-using end for consumption.

[0049] The control unit collects real-time data within the system, such as the reading of the temperature sensor 3, and adjusts the working state of each unit based on this data to ensure that the fuel cell stack operates at the optimal temperature while achieving effective use of thermal energy.

[0050] The system is designed to optimize the combined heat and power (CHP) system architecture to effectively utilize waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack and air compressor, reducing heat loss and improving overall energy efficiency. Furthermore, through automated control, the system enables intelligent and refined thermal management, enhancing the system's economical and environmental friendliness.

[0051] For example, a hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system mainly includes the following parts:

[0052] The heating unit consists of a fuel cell stack, which generates electricity and waste heat through the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. This waste heat can be recycled through a thermal management system to supply applications requiring thermal energy, such as heating or hot water.

[0053] Hydrogen supply unit: This unit is responsible for supplying hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell stack, ensuring that the fuel cell has sufficient hydrogen for the electrochemical reaction. For example, a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank or an on-site hydrogen production device can be part of the hydrogen supply unit.

[0054] The conversion unit, also known as the DC / DC converter, adjusts the current command based on the actual power demand of the power consumption end and controls the operating state of the fuel cell stack. For example, when the power consumption end requires more power, the control system increases the current output of the fuel cell stack, and vice versa.

[0055] Heat dissipation unit: This unit dissipates heat from the fuel cell stack, ensuring that the stack temperature remains within an appropriate range. For example, the coolant circulation system removes waste heat from the stack and transfers this heat to the heat-using end through a heat exchanger.

[0056] Control unit: Responsible for adjusting the operating status of each unit based on real-time data (such as data from temperature sensor 3). For example, by detecting changes in the temperature of the fuel cell stack, the control unit can adjust the flow of coolant to maintain the optimal operating temperature of the fuel cell stack.

[0057] The system connection relationship is as follows:

[0058] The hydrogen supply unit is directly connected to the fuel cell stack to ensure that hydrogen can be smoothly transported into the stack.

[0059] One end of the DC / DC converter is connected to the fuel cell stack, and the other end is connected to the power consumption end, ensuring that electrical energy can be properly converted and distributed according to demand.

[0060] The control unit is electrically connected to various parts such as the fuel cell stack, DC / DC converter, and heat dissipation unit to collect data and issue control instructions.

[0061] One end of the heat dissipation unit is connected to the fuel cell stack, and the other end is connected to the heat-using end to achieve waste heat recovery and utilization.

[0062] For example:

[0063] Suppose a household installs this hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system. When household electricity consumption increases, the control unit detects this change and increases the current output of the fuel cell stack through the DC / DC converter to meet electricity demand. Simultaneously, the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack is carried away by the coolant and transferred to the household heating system through the first heat exchange plate 1, providing warmth for the household. If the temperature of the fuel cell stack rises above the set target temperature, the control unit adjusts the coolant flow rate in the heat dissipation unit to lower the stack temperature and maintain its ideal operating state. This not only provides a stable power supply, but also effectively utilizes the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack, improving the overall energy utilization efficiency.

[0064] Furthermore, the thermal management system can be enhanced: the existing thermal management system has achieved effective recovery of waste heat from fuel cell stacks and air compressors, but further research can be conducted on more efficient heat exchange materials or designs to reduce energy loss during heat conduction and improve thermal energy conversion efficiency.

[0065] Furthermore, the hydrogen supply unit can be improved: although there are already hydrogen supply devices to provide hydrogen sources for fuel cells, safer and more economical hydrogen storage and transportation methods can be explored, such as solid-state hydrogen storage technology or liquid hydrogen technology, to improve the storage density and safety of hydrogen.

[0066] Furthermore, the conversion unit can be optimized: the existing DC / DC converter can adjust the current instruction according to the actual needs of the power consumption end. In the future, more efficient and smaller power conversion technology can be developed to reduce losses in the energy conversion process and improve the response speed of the converter.

[0067] Furthermore, the control strategy can be improved: the current control unit has realized automated control based on real-time data, and more advanced artificial intelligence algorithms, such as deep learning or reinforcement learning, can be further developed to achieve prediction and optimized control of complex working conditions and improve the intelligence level of the system.

[0068] Furthermore, the application scenarios can be expanded: in addition to existing home or commercial scenarios, the system can be explored for application in more fields, such as mobile power supplies, distributed energy supply, industrial cogeneration, etc., to expand the application scope of the technology.

[0069] Furthermore, the safety of the system can be enhanced: although the system already has certain safety measures, hydrogen is a flammable and explosive gas, and research on hydrogen leakage detection and emergency response mechanisms still needs to be strengthened to ensure system safety under various extreme conditions.

[0070] Furthermore, a remote monitoring platform can be developed: a remote monitoring and maintenance platform based on IoT technology can be built to facilitate users to understand the system operation status at any time, detect faults in a timely manner and perform remote diagnosis and repairs, thereby improving the system's maintainability and user experience.

[0071] In some embodiments of the present application, the heating unit further includes: an air compressor 8, which is used to provide pressure for the fuel cell stack and to generate heat.

[0072] Specifically, in a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system, the heating unit includes not only the fuel cell stack but also the air compressor 8. The air compressor 8 plays a vital role in the system. It not only provides the oxygen required by the fuel cell stack, but also generates waste heat during the compression process, which can also be utilized.

[0073] The functions of the air compressor 8 are as follows:

[0074] Providing oxygen: The air compressor 8 draws in and compresses air from the atmosphere, thereby increasing the pressure of the oxygen so that it can smoothly enter the fuel cell stack and participate in the electrochemical reaction. The fuel cell stack generates electricity through the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.

[0075] Heat Generation: As air is compressed, it heats up, generating waste heat. This waste heat flows through the air behind the compressor into the second heat exchange plate 7, which is then connected in parallel to the fuel cell's main cooling circuit, allowing it to be recycled.

[0076] Waste heat utilization: A dedicated second heat exchange plate 7 is designed in the system to capture waste heat generated by the air compressor. This waste heat can be transferred to heat-using end, such as heating or hot water supply systems, thereby improving the overall energy utilization efficiency.

[0077] Working together: In the system, waste heat generated by the air compressor and fuel cell stack is recycled through their respective heat exchanger plates. The main heat exchanger regulates the overall system temperature, ensuring the stack's operating temperature remains within the target range.

[0078] In short, the air compressor 8 is not only an essential component for the normal operation of the fuel cell stack, but also further improves the energy utilization rate of the system through the waste heat it generates, reflecting the high efficiency and energy-saving and environmental protection characteristics of the entire system in design.

[0079] In some embodiments of the present application, the heat dissipation unit includes: a heat exchange pipeline, a first heat exchange plate 1, a second heat exchange plate 7, a main heat exchanger and a water pump 6; the first heat exchange plate 1 and the main heat exchanger are connected in series through the heat exchange pipeline, the first heat exchange plate 1 is connected to the heat-using end, one end of the water pump 6 is connected to the fuel cell through the heat exchange pipeline, and the other end of the water pump 6 is connected in parallel with the first heat exchange plate 1 and the main heat exchanger through the heat exchange pipeline; the second heat exchange plate 7 is connected to the fuel cell stack through the heat exchange pipeline, and the second heat exchange plate 7 is also connected in parallel with the first heat exchange plate 1 and the main heat exchanger through the heat exchange pipeline.

[0080] Specifically, the heat dissipation unit is a key component for heat management in a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system. Its primary function is to ensure that the fuel cell stack operates at an appropriate temperature and effectively recycle waste heat generated by the stack and air compressor 8. The heat dissipation unit's components and connections are as follows:

[0081] Heat exchange pipeline: It is the liquid delivery channel of the entire heat dissipation unit, responsible for delivering the coolant from the fuel cell stack to different heat exchange equipment, such as the first heat exchange plate 1 and the main heat exchanger.

[0082] The first heat exchange plate 1: as the main heat supply and heat exchange unit for the heat-using end, it works in series with the fuel cell main heat exchanger. Its main task is to transfer the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack to the heat-using end, such as the heating system or hot water supply system.

[0083] The second heat exchange plate 7 is connected to the air at the rear end of the air compressor. The air at the rear end of the air compressor enters the second heat exchange plate 7. The second heat exchange plate 7 is connected in parallel with the main cooling path of the fuel cell to recover the waste heat generated by the air compressor.

[0084] Main heat exchanger: This controls the temperature of the fuel cell stack, dissipating excess heat and keeping the stack temperature within the target range. The main heat exchanger removes excess heat to maintain the stack's optimum operating temperature.

[0085] Water pump 6: Connected to the fuel cell stack via a heat exchange line, with its other end connected in parallel to the first heat exchange plate 1 and the main heat exchanger. Water pump 6 maintains the coolant's circulation, ensuring waste heat generated by the stack is removed promptly.

[0086] The specific connection relationship is as follows:

[0087] One end of the water pump 6 is connected to the fuel cell stack through a heat exchange pipeline to absorb heat from the fuel cell stack.

[0088] The other end of the water pump 6 is connected in parallel with the first heat exchange plate 1 and the main heat exchanger through a heat exchange pipeline, and the absorbed heat is respectively transferred to these two heat exchange devices.

[0089] The first heat exchange plate 1 is connected to the heat-using end to transfer the heat carried by the coolant to the heat-using end.

[0090] The second heat exchange plate 7 is connected to the fuel cell stack through a heat exchange pipeline, and is also connected in parallel with the first heat exchange plate 1 and the main heat exchanger, bringing the heat generated by the air compressor to these heat exchange devices through the coolant.

[0091] In addition, a temperature sensor 3 is provided on the circuit connecting the first heat exchange plate 1, the main heat exchanger, the water pump 6 and the fuel cell stack. The temperature sensor 3 is used to measure the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0092] Through this design, the system can not only effectively recover and utilize the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack and air compressor, but also control the operating temperature of the stack through the main heat exchanger to ensure that the fuel cell operates under optimal conditions.

[0093] In some embodiments of the present application, the second heat exchange plate 7 is connected to the air compressor 8 .

[0094] Specifically, in the hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system, the second heat exchange plate 7 is connected to the air compressor 8, and its purpose is to recover the waste heat generated by the air compressor 8 during the compression process. Specifically:

[0095] Air compressor 8: When operating, the air compressor 8 needs to draw in and compress external air to provide it to the fuel cell stack as an oxidant. The process of compressing the air will cause the air temperature to rise, generating waste heat.

[0096] Second heat exchange plate 7: The second heat exchange plate 7 is connected in parallel with the fuel cell main cooling path through the air entering from the rear end of the air compressor. This means that the second heat exchange plate 7 can receive heat from the air from the rear end of the air compressor and transfer this heat to the coolant or other heat carrier.

[0097] Waste heat recovery: Waste heat generated by the air compressor is recovered through the second heat exchange plate 7 and used to heat the hot end, such as the heating system or hot water supply system. This not only reduces waste heat emissions and improves energy utilization efficiency, but also provides users with an additional source of heat energy.

[0098] System Integration: By connecting the second heat exchange plate 7 to the air compressor 8, the system simultaneously recycles waste heat from both the fuel cell stack and the air compressor. Working alongside the first heat exchange plate 1, the second heat exchange plate 7 improves the overall system's energy efficiency.

[0099] In short, the connection between the second heat exchange plate 7 and the air compressor 8 enables the system to not only utilize the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack, but also recover the waste heat generated by the air compressor, thereby improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy.

[0100] In some embodiments of the present application, the power consumption end is used to determine the workload of the fuel cell stack.

[0101] Specifically, in a hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system, the demand from the power-consuming end determines the fuel cell stack's workload. Specifically, the power-consuming end refers to the portion of the system that consumes electricity, such as household or industrial appliances. The power requirements of these appliances determine how much electricity the fuel cell stack must generate.

[0102] The fuel cell stack's workload can be dynamically adjusted based on the power consumption of the electricity user. Based on the actual power demand of the electricity user, the control device controls the DC / DC converter to obtain the stack current command, obtains the stack voltage in real time, and calculates the stack's heat generation accordingly. As the power consumption demand changes, the control system adjusts the stack's operating state accordingly to meet the power demand of the electricity user.

[0103] For example, if the demand at the power consumption end increases, the control system will increase the current output of the fuel cell stack, allowing the fuel cell stack to operate at a higher power level; conversely, if the demand at the power consumption end decreases, the control system will reduce the current output of the fuel cell stack, reducing the power output of the fuel cell stack.

[0104] Therefore, the power consumption not only determines the workload of the fuel cell stack but also indirectly affects the waste heat generated by the stack, which is crucial for the thermal management of the entire system. By controlling the workload of the stack, the system can rationally arrange the utilization of waste heat while meeting power demand, thereby improving the overall energy utilization rate.

[0105] In some embodiments of the present application, the hot end is used to collect waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack and the air compressor 8 and convert it into useful thermal energy for supplying to users.

[0106] Specifically, in a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system, the hot end is responsible for collecting waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack and air compressor 8 during operation, and converting this waste heat into useful thermal energy for users. The following is a detailed explanation of its specific work:

[0107] Fuel cell stack heat generation: During the electrochemical reaction, the fuel cell stack not only generates electricity but also waste heat. This waste heat is carried to the first heat exchange plate 1 and the main heat exchanger through the blue cooling pipe.

[0108] Heat generated by the air compressor 8: The air compressor 8 also generates waste heat during the process of compressing air. This waste heat enters the second heat exchange plate 7 through the air at the rear end of the air compressor.

[0109] First heat exchange plate 1: As the primary heat supply and exchange unit, it operates in series with the fuel cell's main heat exchanger, transferring waste heat from the fuel cell stack to the heat user via coolant. As the coolant passes through first heat exchange plate 1, it releases heat absorbed from the fuel cell stack to the heat user.

[0110] Second heat exchange plate 7: Connected in parallel with the fuel cell's main cooling circuit, the second heat exchange plate 7 transfers waste heat generated by the air compressor to the heat-consuming end via coolant. As the coolant flows through the second heat exchange plate 7, it absorbs the heat transferred from the air compressor.

[0111] Conversion and supply of thermal energy: Through the first heat exchange plate 1 and the second heat exchange plate 7, the heat end can receive and convert waste heat from the fuel cell stack and the air compressor to provide users with useful thermal energy, such as heating or hot water supply.

[0112] In this way, the heat end not only improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy and reduces the emission of waste heat, but also provides users with an additional source of heat energy, enhancing the economy and environmental friendliness of the system.

[0113] In some embodiments of the present application, a main heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor 4 is provided at the inlet end of the main heat exchanger, and a main heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 5 is provided at the outlet end of the main heat exchanger.

[0114] Specifically, in a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system, the main heat exchanger is one of the key components for controlling the temperature of the fuel cell stack. To ensure the main heat exchanger operates effectively and maintains the stack temperature within a target range, the system is equipped with temperature sensors at its inlet and outlet: main heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor 4 and main heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 5.

[0115] Main heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor 4: Located at the inlet of the main heat exchanger, it detects the temperature of the coolant entering the main heat exchanger. This temperature reflects the initial temperature of the coolant from the fuel cell stack and other heat-generating units (such as the air compressor). Data from the inlet temperature sensor helps assess whether the coolant entering the radiator is carrying sufficient heat and whether adjustments to the coolant flow rate or the radiator's heat dissipation capacity are needed.

[0116] Main heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 5: Located at the outlet of the main heat exchanger, it monitors the coolant temperature after passing through the main heat exchanger. The outlet temperature sensor data can be used to determine the effectiveness of the main heat exchanger, specifically whether it has successfully lowered the coolant temperature to within the target range. If the outlet temperature remains too high, it indicates that the radiator's heat dissipation capacity needs to be increased.

[0117] Data from these two temperature sensors is collected in real time and transmitted to the control unit. Based on this temperature information, the control unit adjusts the operating state of the main heat exchanger, for example by changing the cooling fan speed or coolant flow rate, to ensure that the fuel cell stack temperature remains within an ideal range. Furthermore, by comparing the inlet and outlet temperature differences, the heat dissipation efficiency of the main heat exchanger can be calculated, which is crucial for thermal management and optimization of the entire system.

[0118] In summary, the setting of the inlet and outlet temperature sensors of the main heat exchanger enables the system to monitor the temperature changes of the coolant in real time and adjust the operating parameters of the radiator accordingly, thereby achieving effective control of the temperature of the fuel cell stack.

[0119] In some embodiments of the present application, an electronic thermostat 2 is further provided between the water pump 6, the first heat exchange plate 1 and the main heat exchanger. The electronic thermostat 2 is used to control the flow direction of the coolant in the heat exchange pipeline.

[0120] Specifically, in a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system, the electronic thermostat 2 is a key component for controlling the flow of coolant. Specifically, located in the pipeline between the water pump 6, the first heat exchange plate 1, and the main heat exchanger, the electronic thermostat 2 determines the flow direction of the coolant based on its temperature, thereby controlling the temperature of the fuel cell stack and ensuring efficient system operation.

[0121] The working principle of electronic thermostat 2 is as follows:

[0122] Temperature monitoring: The system is equipped with a temperature sensor T3 to detect the temperature of the coolant before it enters the fuel cell stack. If the temperature detected by the temperature sensor T3 is higher than the predetermined target value, it means that the temperature of the fuel cell stack may be too high.

[0123] Controlling the flow of coolant: When the coolant temperature exceeds the target value, the electronic thermostat 2 is activated, opening to allow coolant to flow to the first heat exchange plate 1. This allows waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack to be transferred to the first heat exchange plate 1 via the coolant, and then further to the heat-consuming end, such as a heating or hot water supply system.

[0124] Adjusting the speed of water pump 6: To ensure sufficient coolant flow to remove waste heat, the system adjusts the speed of water pump 6 based on the required flow rate. The flow rate requirement can be calculated using the formula Q = m*cp*ΔT, where m is the mass flow rate, cp is the specific heat capacity of the fluid, and ΔT is the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the fluid.

[0125] Maintaining target temperature: By regulating the direction and volume of coolant flow, the electronic thermostat 2 helps maintain the fuel cell stack within the target operating temperature range. If the system detects that the stack temperature is too high, the electronic thermostat 2 directs more coolant flow through the first heat exchange plate 1, thereby removing more heat. Conversely, if the temperature is below the target value, the amount of coolant flowing to the first heat exchange plate 1 is reduced.

[0126] In short, the electronic thermostat 2 is a key component that ensures the fuel cell stack operates at an appropriate temperature. By controlling the flow of coolant, it helps the system efficiently utilize waste heat while protecting the stack from overheating, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the entire system.

[0127] In some embodiments of the present application, a valve is further provided between the fuel cell stack and the hydrogen supply unit and the air compressor 8 , and the valve is used to control the communication with the fuel cell stack.

[0128] Specifically, in the hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system, valves are provided between the fuel cell stack and the hydrogen supply unit (hydrogen supply device) and the air compressor 8. These valves are primarily used to control the flow of hydrogen and air between the fuel cell stack and the system to ensure safe and efficient operation.

[0129] Valve between the hydrogen supply unit and the fuel cell stack: The hydrogen supply unit is responsible for supplying hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell stack. The valve is used to cut off or restore the hydrogen supply when needed. For example, when starting or stopping the system, the valve needs to be closed to cut off the hydrogen supply for safety. During system operation, the valve remains open to ensure a continuous supply of hydrogen to the stack.

[0130] Valve between air compressor 8 and the fuel cell stack: Air compressor 8 provides compressed air to the fuel cell stack, containing oxygen, the oxidant required for the electrochemical reaction. The valve controls the flow of air into the stack. In certain situations, such as system maintenance or emergency shutdown, the valve can be closed to interrupt the air supply and halt the electrochemical reaction in the stack.

[0131] These valves are crucial to the operation of the system, ensuring that hydrogen and air are precisely supplied to the fuel cell stack as needed under varying operating conditions. By controlling the opening and closing of these valves, the system can better manage the supply of hydrogen and air, thereby improving system safety, stability, and energy efficiency.

[0132] In some embodiments of the present application, the fuel cell stack is further provided with an exhaust pipe for discharging a mixture of hydrogen and air.

[0133] Specifically, in a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system, the fuel cell stack is equipped with an exhaust line, whose main purpose is to discharge the hydrogen and air mixture that did not participate in the electrochemical reaction or remained after the reaction. The exhaust line design here is intended to ensure the safety and efficient operation of the system.

[0134] Discharging unreacted gases: During fuel cell stack operation, hydrogen and oxygen (usually provided by air) undergo an electrochemical reaction inside the stack to generate electricity. However, not all hydrogen and air participate in the complete reaction, and some unreacted gases must be discharged from the system to prevent accumulation inside the stack, which could cause overpressure or other safety hazards.

[0135] Emission of reaction by-products: In addition to gases that do not participate in the reaction, some by-products may be produced during the electrochemical reaction, such as incompletely reacted gases or mixed gases produced due to other reasons, which also need to be discharged through the exhaust pipe to maintain the pressure balance and purity inside the fuel cell stack.

[0136] Safety considerations: Hydrogen is a highly flammable and explosive gas. If excessive unreacted hydrogen accumulates inside the fuel cell stack or system, it may pose a safety hazard. By setting up an exhaust line, this gas can be safely discharged from the system, reducing potential risks.

[0137] System maintenance: The exhaust line is also used to discharge the gas in the fuel cell stack during system maintenance or inspection to ensure the safety of the staff and facilitate maintenance or adjustment of the system.

[0138] In summary, the exhaust pipe set up in the fuel cell stack is an important component in the system design. It not only helps to remove gases that do not participate in the reaction and ensure the purity and safety of the internal environment of the stack, but also helps to maintain the normal operation of the system and improve its safety.

[0139] Anything not described in this application can be achieved by adopting or drawing on existing technologies.

[0140] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The above is only an embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various changes and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system, characterized in that: include: The heating unit includes a fuel cell stack, which is used to generate heat and electricity to supply the electricity and heat ends; The hydrogen supply unit is responsible for supplying hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell stack; The conversion unit is used to adjust the current instruction according to the actual power demand of the power consumption end to control the working state of the fuel cell stack; The heat dissipation unit is used to dissipate heat from the heat generating unit and control the temperature of the fuel cell stack within a target range; The control unit is used to adjust the working status of each unit according to real-time data; The hydrogen supply unit is connected to the fuel cell stack, one end of the conversion unit is connected to the fuel cell stack, the other end of the conversion unit is connected to the power end, the control unit is electrically connected to each unit, one end of the heat dissipation unit is connected to the fuel cell stack, and the other end of the heat dissipation unit is connected to the heat end.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The heating unit further includes an air compressor, which is used to provide pressure for the fuel cell stack and generate heat.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that The heat dissipation unit includes: a heat exchange pipeline, a first heat exchange plate, a second heat exchange plate, a main heat exchanger and a water pump; the first heat exchange plate and the main heat exchanger are connected in series through the heat exchange pipeline, the first heat exchange plate is connected to the heat-using end, one end of the water pump is connected to the fuel cell through the heat exchange pipeline, and the other end of the water pump is connected in parallel with the first heat exchange plate and the main heat exchanger through the heat exchange pipeline; the second heat exchange plate is connected to the fuel cell stack through the heat exchange pipeline, and the second heat exchange plate is also connected in parallel with the first heat exchange plate and the main heat exchanger through the heat exchange pipeline.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that The second heat exchange plate is connected to the air compressor.

5. The system according to claim 3, wherein: The power consumption end is used to determine the workload of the fuel cell stack.

6. The system according to claim 3, wherein: The heat-using end is used to collect waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack and the air compressor, and convert it into useful thermal energy to supply users.

7. The system according to claim 3, wherein: The inlet end of the main heat exchanger is provided with a main heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor, and the outlet end of the main heat exchanger is provided with a main heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor.

8. The system according to claim 3, wherein: An electronic thermostat is further provided between the water pump, the first heat exchange plate and the main heat exchanger, and the electronic thermostat is used to control the flow direction of the coolant in the heat exchange pipeline.

9. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that A valve is further provided between the fuel cell stack, the hydrogen supply unit and the air compressor, and the valve is used to control the communication with the fuel cell stack.

10. The system according to claim 6, wherein: The fuel cell stack is also provided with an exhaust pipeline for discharging a mixture of hydrogen and air.

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