Equatorial sundial ornament

Abstract

The utility model discloses an equatorial sundial ornament, which comprises a sundial needle, a sundial needle seat, a sundial disc, a rotating body, a base, a geographic latitude pointer, a fixing shaft, a fixing nut and a positioning pin, one side surface of the base is provided with geographic latitude scale marks; geographical longitude scale marks are arranged on the outer side surface of the rotating body; symmetrical scales of 12 hours and 24 hours are engraved on the front face and the back face of the sundial disc, and twelve directions of eight trunks and four dimensions are engraved on the inner ring of the disc face. The rotating body supports the sundial and can rotate around the fixed shaft, the front face of the rotating body is provided with scale marks of geographic longitude, and the rotating body is matched with the sundial to correct longitude time difference. The geographic latitude pointer is mounted on the fixed shaft and rotates synchronously with the fixed shaft; and the rotating body rotates together with the fixed shaft through the installation of the positioning pin. According to the invention, longitude time difference can be corrected, and conversion between sundial time and Beijing time is simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sundials, and in particular to an equatorial sundial ornament. Background Art

[0002] A sundial is an astronomical timekeeping instrument made using the changing patterns of the sun's shadow. "Sun" refers to the sun, and "dial" means shadow. Sundial means the sun's shadow. It is a device that mainly indicates the hour or minute at that time based on the position of the sun's shadow, that is, a sundial.

[0003] The equatorial sundial is one of the most classic and traditional astronomical instruments of ancient China. It typically consists of a base, a copper pointer, and a stone disk. The copper pointer is called the style, with its upper end pointing to the north celestial pole and its lower end to the south celestial pole. The stone disk is called the dial, which is parallel to the celestial equator. The angle between the dial and the horizontal plane is 90° - Φ, where Φ is the local geographic latitude. This ensures that the angle between the style and the horizontal plane is equal to the local geographic latitude Φ, and the time scale on the dial is evenly spaced.

[0004] The time displayed on an equatorial sundial is called sundial time, which represents true solar time at the sundial's location. Mean solar time is used in everyday life. There are three concepts: First, Beijing Time is the standard time in my country, based on the mean solar time at the geographical longitude of 120 degrees east. Second, there are the concepts of mean solar time and true solar time. True solar time is the time between two consecutive passages of the sun through its highest point at the observation point. The length of each day varies from day to day, with the shortest being 23 hours, 44 minutes, and 37 seconds, while the longest is 24 hours, 14 minutes, and 37 seconds. The length of each day is related to the distance between the Earth and the Sun: closer distances shorten Earth's rotation; farther distances lengthen Earth's rotation. Mean solar time defines a day as 24 hours long and is used for the purpose of timekeeping, the time displayed on clocks. Third, the longitude time difference. According to the rotation of the earth, a day is divided into 24 hours. For every 15 degrees of longitude difference, the time difference is 1 hour. If the longitude difference between two regions is 1 degree, the local time difference is 4 minutes.

[0005] Because the time displayed on a sundial is local true solar time, converting it to Beijing time must take into account the effect of the mean solar time correction (also known as the time correction) and the difference between the local time and the time on the 120th longitude line (the longitude time correction). Therefore, Beijing time = local true solar time (i.e., the dial time) + [(local geographic longitude - 120 degrees) × 4 minutes + the time correction]. For example, the longitude of Beijing is 116.4 degrees east. A table shows that the mean solar time correction (also known as the time correction) on October 1st is -10 minutes. If the sundial displays 12:00 noon, then Beijing time = 12:00 - 14.4 minutes - 10 minutes = 11:35.6 minutes. This makes reading the sundial time very difficult, leading many uninformed people to believe that the sundial is inaccurate. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an equatorial sundial, comprising a style, a style base, a sundial plate, a rotating body, a base, a geographic latitude pointer, a fixed shaft, a fixing nut, and a positioning pin. A geographic latitude scale is marked on one side of the base; a geographic longitude scale is marked on the outer side of the rotating body; symmetrical 12-hour and 24-hour scales are engraved on both sides of the sundial plate, and the inner circle of the plate is engraved with the twelve directions of the "Eight Heavenly Stems and Four Dimensions" representing the directions; the rotating body, which supports the sundial plate and is capable of rotating about the fixed shaft, has geographic longitude scales on its front and cooperates with the sundial plate to correct longitude time differences; the geographic latitude pointer is mounted on the fixed shaft and rotates synchronously with the fixed shaft; and the rotating body rotates together with the fixed shaft through the installation of the positioning pin. The present invention can correct longitude time differences and simplify the conversion between sundial time and Beijing time.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0008] An equatorial sundial ornament comprises a style, a style base, a sundial plate, a rotating body, a base, a geographic latitude pointer, a fixed shaft, a fixed nut and a positioning pin;

[0009] One side of the base is marked with a geographic latitude scale;

[0010] The outer side surface of the rotating body is marked with geographic longitude scale;

[0011] The sundial plate has symmetrical 12-hour and 24-hour scales on both sides, and the inner circle of the plate is engraved with the twelve directions of the "Eight Heavenly Stems and Four Dimensions" representing the directions; the rotating body supports the sundial plate and can rotate around a fixed axis. The front of the rotating body has a scale mark of geographical longitude, which can correct the longitude time difference in conjunction with the sundial plate;

[0012] The geographic latitude pointer is installed on a fixed shaft and rotates synchronously with the fixed shaft; the rotating body rotates together with the fixed shaft through the installation of a positioning pin.

[0013] Furthermore, the geographic latitude scale mark on one side of the base, the geographic latitude pointer, the fixed axis, and the positioning pin together constitute the geographic latitude adjustment system of the equatorial sundial ornament.

[0014] Furthermore, the front surface of the base body is engraved with the words "equatorial sundial", and the lower part is provided with a time difference correction value curve.

[0015] Furthermore, the sundial plate and the geographic longitude markings on the outer side of the rotating body together constitute the geographic longitude adjustment system of the equatorial sundial pendant.

[0016] Furthermore, the upper portion of the rotating body has an arc-shaped mounting groove that can match the shape of the sundial plate. Both sides of the arc-shaped mounting groove extend upward to form a limiting portion to clamp the front and back sides of the sundial plate.

[0017] Furthermore, the gnomon seat is a group of components with different inner hole diameters, which is installed at the center of the sundial plate to meet the needs of gnomons with different diameters.

[0018] Furthermore, the sundial has symmetrical scale marks on both sides, from the inside to the outside, which are the twelve directions of the "Eight Heavenly Stems and Four Dimensions" representing the directions: Gui, Gen, Jia, Yi, Xun, Bing, Ding, Kun, Geng, Xin, Qian, and Ren; the second outer circle is the Arabic numerals for 1-24 hours; the third outer circle is the twelve hours: Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, and Hai; the fourth outer circle is the characters for the beginning and end of the twelve hours, with 12 groups evenly distributed along the circumference; the outermost circle divides the beginning and end of each hour into four scale intervals according to the ancient Chinese timekeeping tradition, and divides the whole circle into 96 intervals, each interval representing 15 minutes; the "Gui" in the innermost circle represents the direction, corresponding to "24, 1, 2" in the second outer circle, " "Gen" corresponds to "2, 3, 4" in the secondary outer circle, "Jia" corresponds to "4, 5, 6" in the secondary outer circle, "Yi" corresponds to "6, 7, 8" in the secondary outer circle, "Xun" corresponds to "8, 9, 10" in the secondary outer circle, "Bing" corresponds to "10, 11, 12" in the secondary outer circle, "Ding" corresponds to "12, 13, 14" in the secondary outer circle, "Kun" corresponds to "14, 15, 16" in the secondary outer circle, "Geng" corresponds to "16, 17, 18" in the secondary outer circle, "Xin" corresponds to "18, 19, 20" in the secondary outer circle, "Qian" corresponds to "20, 21, 22" in the secondary outer circle, and "Ren" corresponds to "22, 23, 24" in the secondary outer circle;

[0019] The “23, 24, 1” in the second outer circle corresponds to the “Zi” in the third outer circle, the “1, 2, 3” in the second outer circle corresponds to the “Chou” in the third outer circle, the “3, 4, 5” in the second outer circle corresponds to the “Yin” in the third outer circle, the “5, 6, 7” in the second outer circle corresponds to the “Mao” in the third outer circle, the “7, 8, 9” in the second outer circle corresponds to the “Chen” in the third outer circle, the “9, 10, 11” in the second outer circle corresponds to the “Si” in the third outer circle, the “11, 12, 13” in the second outer circle corresponds to the “Wu” in the third outer circle, the “13, "14, 15" correspond to "Wei" in the third outer circle, "15, 16, 17" in the second outer circle correspond to "Shen" in the third outer circle, "17, 18, 19" in the second outer circle correspond to "You" in the third outer circle, "19, 20, 21" in the second outer circle correspond to "Xu" in the third outer circle, and "21, 22, 23" in the second outer circle correspond to "Hai" in the third outer circle; the fourth outer circle divides each of the 12 hours of the third outer circle into two parts: "Chu" and "Zheng"; the outermost circle divides each "Chu" and "Zheng" into four intervals.

[0020] Furthermore, the arc-shaped mounting groove on the upper part of the rotating body is used for circumferential positioning when installing with the sundial disk, and the two sides of the arc-shaped mounting groove extend upward to form a limit portion to clamp the front and back sides of the sundial disk for axial positioning of the sundial disk; the through hole in the middle of the rotating body and the through hole on the fixed shaft are fixed together by a fixing pin.

[0021] Furthermore, when the sundial plate is based on the noon scale line of the sundial plate, the geographical longitude adjustment range of the time display is 100-140; when the sundial plate is based on the non-sun scale line of the sundial plate, the scale value on the plate is subtracted by 30, and the geographical longitude adjustment range of the time display is 70-110.

[0022] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: there is no need to consider the difference between the time displayed on the local sundial and the time at 120 degrees of longitude, thereby simplifying the conversion between the sundial time and Beijing time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the appearance of an equatorial sundial ornament provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A side view of the equatorial sundial pendant provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the fixed axis of the equatorial sundial pendulum provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the fixed axis positioning pin of the equatorial sundial pendulum provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5The first method for fixing the sundial plate of the equatorial sundial ornament provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is the second way of fixing the sundial plate of the equatorial sundial ornament provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Among them, 1-dial style, 2-dial seat, 3-sundial plate, 4-base, 5-fixed axis, 6-geographic latitude pointer, 7-rotating body, 8-fixed axis nut, 9-fixed axis positioning pin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The present invention includes but is not limited to the following examples.

[0031] See also Figures 1 to 6 An embodiment of the present invention provides an equatorial sundial ornament, comprising a style 1, a style base 2, a sundial plate 3, a base 4, a fixed shaft 5, a geographic latitude pointer 6, a rotating body 7, a fixed shaft nut 8, and a fixed shaft positioning pin 9. The base 4, the rotating body 7, and the geographic latitude pointer 6 are assembled together via the fixed shaft 5. The head of the fixed shaft 5 is gently twisted so that the tip of the geographic latitude pointer 6 is aligned with the 30 scale value on the side of the base 4, the pin hole of the fixed shaft 5 is aligned with the pin hole of the rotating body 7, and the fixed shaft positioning pin 9 is inserted into the countersunk hole in the circular arc groove of the rotating body 7; the sundial plate 3 (the hour numbers are arranged clockwise on the front of the sundial plate, and the hour numbers are arranged counterclockwise on the back of the sundial plate) is inserted into the circular arc groove on the upper part of the rotating body 7, and the style base 2 and the style 1 are installed in the sundial plate 3 to complete the assembly of the equatorial sundial ornament.

[0032] When using the device of the present invention, first adjust the device according to the local geographic longitude: twist the head of the fixed shaft 5 so that the geographic latitude pointer 6 points to the local geographic latitude value, so that the front of the equatorial sundial pendulum faces north. Through this step, the gnomon 1 of the equatorial sundial pendulum can be pointed to the north celestial pole, and the angle between the gnomon 1 and the horizon is the local geographic latitude. Secondly, adjust the equatorial sundial pendulum according to the local geographic longitude: if the local geographic longitude value is between 110 and 140 degrees east longitude, then hold the rotating body 7 and gently rotate the sundial plate 3 so that the "noon" scale on the front of the sundial plate 3 is aligned with the local geographic longitude value. This completes the preparation work before measuring time with the equatorial sundial pendulum of the present invention.

[0033] According to the present invention, the time read by the direction of the shadow of the gnomon needle of the equatorial sundial pendulum in the daylight is the sundial apparent time. The time difference value of the current month and day is found from the "time difference curve diagram" on the front of the base 4 of the equatorial sundial pendulum. Beijing time is equal to the sum of the sundial apparent time and the time difference value.

[0034] For example, if the actual geographic longitude of Location X is 116° East and the latitude is 40° North, the base body should be mounted horizontally, facing due north, so that the "noon" mark on the front of the sundial plate 3 aligns with the longitude mark 116 on the rotating body. The head of the fixed shaft 5 should be rotated so that the geographic latitude pointer 6 points to the latitude mark 40 on the side of the base. The sundial style will now point to the north celestial pole, and the angle between the sundial style and the horizontal plane will be 40°, the actual latitude of Location X. At a certain moment on October 1st, in sunlight, the shadow of the sundial style will be at the time mark 12, so the apparent time of the sundial is 12. A lookup chart of the time difference indicates that the time difference correction for October 1st is -10 minutes. Therefore, Beijing time at that moment = 12:00 - 10 minutes = 11:50.

[0035] If the actual geographic longitude of Location Y is 87° East and the latitude is 43° North, the base body is installed horizontally facing due north, so that the "uncorrected" scale on the front of the sundial plate 3 is aligned with the longitude scale value of 117 on the rotating body (the angle between the uncorrected line and the midday line on the sundial plate is 30 degrees. After changing the alignment reference, the longitude scale value minus 30 is the actual deflected longitude value). The head of the fixed shaft 5 is twisted so that the geographic latitude pointer 6 points to the latitude scale value of 43 on the side of the base. At this time, the sundial style points to the north celestial pole, and the angle between the sundial style and the horizontal plane is 43°, the actual latitude value of Location X. At a certain moment on February 10th, the shadow of the sundial style in the sunlight is at the time scale position 12, so the apparent time of the sundial is 12 o'clock. According to the time difference curve table, the time difference correction value for February 10th is +14 minutes, so Beijing time at that moment = 12 o'clock + 14 minutes = 12:14 minutes.

[0036] By adopting the method of this embodiment, there is no need to consider the difference between the time displayed on the local sundial and the time at 120 degrees longitude, which simplifies the conversion between sundial time and Beijing time.

[0037] The steps for using the equatorial sundial include the following:

[0038] S1. Determine the actual geographic longitude value, and match the position of the noon scale line (or the non-noon scale line) of the sundial plate with the position of the longitude scale on the outer side surface of the rotating body at the actual geographic longitude value;

[0039] S2. Determine the actual geographic latitude value, rotate the fixed shaft so that the geographic latitude pointer installed on the fixed shaft points to the local geographic latitude value, and tighten the fixed shaft nut so that the upper end of the sundial style points to the north celestial pole, and the angle between the sundial style and the horizontal plane is the actual geographic latitude value;

[0040] S3. Read the sundial time on the equatorial sundial ornament, and convert the sundial time into Beijing time. The conversion formula is as follows: Beijing time = sundial time + time difference correction value.

Claims

1. An equatorial sundial ornament, characterized in that: It includes a gnomon, a gnomon base, a sundial plate, a rotating body, a base, a geographic latitude pointer, a fixed shaft, a fixed nut and a positioning pin; One side of the base is marked with a geographic latitude scale; The outer side surface of the rotating body is marked with geographic longitude scale; The sundial plate is engraved with symmetrical 12-hour and 24-hour scales on both sides, and the inner circle of the plate is engraved with the twelve directions of the "Eight Heavenly Stems and Four Dimensions" representing the directions; the rotating body supports the sundial plate and can rotate around a fixed axis. The front of the rotating body has a scale mark of geographical longitude, which can correct longitude and time differences in conjunction with the sundial plate; The geographic latitude pointer is installed on a fixed shaft and rotates synchronously with the fixed shaft; the rotating body rotates together with the fixed shaft through the installation of a positioning pin.

2. The equatorial sundial ornament according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geographic latitude scale mark on one side of the base, the geographic latitude pointer, the fixed axis and the positioning pin together constitute the geographic latitude adjustment system of the equatorial sundial ornament.

3. The equatorial sundial ornament according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front surface of the base body is engraved with the words "equatorial sundial", and the lower part is provided with a time difference correction value curve.

4. The equatorial sundial ornament according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sundial plate and the geographic longitude mark on the outer side of the rotating body together constitute the geographic longitude adjustment system of the equatorial sundial pendant.

5. The equatorial sundial ornament according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the rotating body is provided with an arc-shaped installation groove which can match the shape of the sundial plate. Both sides of the arc-shaped installation groove extend upward to form a limiting part to clamp the front and back sides of the sundial plate.

6. The equatorial sundial ornament according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gnomon seat is a group of components with different inner hole diameters, which is installed in the center of the sundial plate to meet the needs of gnomons with different diameters.

7. The equatorial sundial ornament according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sundial has symmetrical scale marks on both sides, from the inside to the outside, which are the twelve directions of the "Eight Heavenly Stems and Four Dimensions" representing the directions: Gui, Gen, Jia, Yi, Xun, Bing, Ding, Kun, Geng, Xin, Qian, and Ren; the second outer circle is the Arabic numerals for 1-24 hours; the third outer circle is the twelve hours: Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, and Hai; the fourth outer circle is the characters for the beginning and end of the twelve hours, with 12 groups evenly distributed along the circumference; the outermost circle divides the beginning and end of each hour into four scale intervals according to the ancient Chinese timekeeping tradition, and divides the entire circle into 96 intervals, each interval representing 15 minutes; the "Gui" in the innermost circle represents the directions, which corresponds to "24, 1, 2" in the second outer circle, and "Gen" corresponds to "24, 1, 2" in the second outer circle, and "Gen" corresponds to "24, 1, 2" in the second outer circle. "2, 3, 4" of the second outer circle, "Jia" corresponds to "4, 5, 6" of the second outer circle, "Yi" corresponds to "6, 7, 8" of the second outer circle, "Xun" corresponds to "8, 9, 10" of the second outer circle, "Bing" corresponds to "10, 11, 12" of the second outer circle, "Ding" corresponds to "12, 13, 14" of the second outer circle, "Kun" corresponds to "14, 15, 16" of the second outer circle, "Geng" corresponds to "16, 17, 18" of the second outer circle, "Xin" corresponds to "18, 19, 20" of the second outer circle, "Qian" corresponds to "20, 21, 22" of the second outer circle, and "Ren" corresponds to "22, 23, 24" of the second outer circle; "23, 24, 1" in the second outer circle corresponds to "Zi" in the third outer circle, "1, 2, 3" in the second outer circle corresponds to "Chou" in the third outer circle, "3, 4, 5" in the second outer circle corresponds to "Yin" in the third outer circle, "5, 6, 7" in the second outer circle corresponds to "Mao" in the third outer circle, "7, 8, 9" in the second outer circle corresponds to "Chen" in the third outer circle, "9, 10, 11" in the second outer circle corresponds to "Si" in the third outer circle, "11, 12, 13" in the second outer circle corresponds to "Wu" in the third outer circle, "13, "14, 15" correspond to "Wei" in the third outer circle, "15, 16, 17" in the second outer circle correspond to "Shen" in the third outer circle, "17, 18, 19" in the second outer circle correspond to "You" in the third outer circle, "19, 20, 21" in the second outer circle correspond to "Xu" in the third outer circle, and "21, 22, 23" in the second outer circle correspond to "Hai" in the third outer circle; the fourth outer circle divides each of the 12 hours of the third outer circle into "Chu" and "Zheng"; the outermost circle divides each "Chu" and "Zheng" into four intervals.

8. The equatorial sundial ornament according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arc-shaped mounting groove on the upper part of the rotating body is used for circumferential positioning when installing the sundial disk. The two sides of the arc-shaped mounting groove extend upward to form limit parts that clamp the front and back sides of the sundial disk for axial positioning of the sundial disk; the through hole in the middle of the rotating body and the through hole on the fixed shaft are fixed together by a fixing pin.

9. The equatorial sundial ornament according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the sundial plate is based on the noon scale line of the sundial plate, the geographical longitude adjustment range of the time display is 100-140; when the sundial plate is based on the non-sun scale line, the scale value on the plate is subtracted by 30, and the geographical longitude adjustment range of the time display is 70-110.

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