Photovoltaic ventilation enclosure structure system based on evaporative cooling

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of building photovoltaic technology, and relates to a photovoltaic ventilation enclosure structure system based on evaporative cooling, which comprises a building outer enclosure structure surface, a photovoltaic panel and a ventilation cavity, the ventilation cavity is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air inlet and the air outlet are respectively provided with shutters capable of being controlled to be opened and closed; a heat conduction or heat exchange device is arranged between the shady face of the photovoltaic panel and the outer wall of the ventilation cavity, and the surface of the building outer envelope structure and the photovoltaic panel are located on the two opposite sides of the ventilation cavity respectively. The passive evaporative cooling mode is clean, pollution-free, energy-saving, carbon-reducing, remarkable in cooling effect and economical; the mode of combining natural ventilation with evaporative cooling is adopted, the cooling effect is more obvious, meanwhile, the hot and humid environment of a building envelope structure can be regulated and controlled, and cold and hot load energy of a building is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to building photovoltaic technical field relates to a kind of based on evaporative cooling photovoltaic ventilation envelope structure system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Modern life cannot do without energy, but the world is facing a severe energy shortage challenge. Large use of fossil fuels not only exacerbates global warming, but also leads to worsening environmental problems such as acid rain and smog. Under this background, the importance of new energy is increasingly prominent, and it is urgently needed to accelerate its promotion and application. Among many new energies such as wind energy, tidal energy, biomass energy and geothermal energy, solar energy is considered one of the most promising sustainable energy sources due to its abundant resources, renewability and environmental protection characteristics.

[0003] Currently, photovoltaic modules have been widely used to convert solar energy directly into electrical energy for daily use, but due to the low conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells, part of the energy is converted into heat, causing the battery temperature to rise, thereby affecting its power generation efficiency, power generation capacity and service life. Therefore, in order to minimize the loss caused by temperature, it is particularly important to effectively cool the photovoltaic cell panel. Especially in the application of building integrated photovoltaics, when photovoltaics are combined with building envelope, the contradiction between cooling photovoltaic panels and reducing building cooling and heating load is more prominent.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a photovoltaic and building envelope system or device that can control the temperature of the photovoltaic panel backboard without being too high and minimize the building cooling and heating load to solve this technical problem. INVENTION CONTENTS

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve the technical problem is: a kind of based on evaporative cooling photovoltaic ventilation envelope structure system, comprising: building envelope surface, photovoltaic panel, ventilation cavity, ventilation cavity is equipped with air inlet and air outlet, air inlet and air outlet are respectively equipped with controllable louver that opens and closes;Heat conduction or heat exchange device is arranged between the back surface of photovoltaic panel and the outer wall of ventilation cavity, and the building envelope surface and the photovoltaic panel are located on the two opposite sides of the ventilation cavity.

[0006] Preferably, the heat conduction or heat exchange device comprises: an evaporative cooling filler layer, one side of the evaporative cooling filler layer abuts against the back surface of the photovoltaic panel, and the other side of the evaporative cooling filler layer abuts against the outer wall of the ventilation cavity.

[0007] More preferably, a water supply pipeline is arranged on the upper part of the evaporative cooling filler layer, the water supply pipeline supplies water in the water tank to the evaporative cooling filler layer through a circulating pump, so that the evaporative cooling filler layer is kept in a wet state, and a water return pipeline is arranged on the lower part of the evaporative cooling filler layer to collect excess moisture, and the water tank is connected to a water source to supply water to the evaporative cooling device.

[0008] Preferably, the air inlet and the air outlet are opposite to each other, and the air inlet and the air outlet are located on the upper and lower sides or the left and right sides, respectively.

[0009] More preferably, the air inlet and the air outlet are located at one end of the ventilation cavity, and the air inlet and the air outlet are respectively provided with air guide baffles, and the air guide baffles are provided with air guide channels in the same direction as the air inlet towards the air outlet.

[0010] More preferably, the air guide baffles are made of heat-conducting materials.

[0011] More preferably, the ventilation cavity is provided with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor, a controller, a solar radiation sensor on the sunny surface of the ventilation cavity, and the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the wind speed sensor, the solar radiation sensor, the louver, and the photovoltaic panel are electrically connected to the controller; the louver is controlled by the louver, and the ventilation cavity is provided with a plurality of sensors and a controller, and the control system is in a working state.

[0012] More preferably, the ventilation cavity is provided with an air exchange opening, and the air exchange opening is circularly connected to an indoor space on the inner side of the surface of the building envelope structure, and the air exchange opening is electrically connected to the controller.

[0013] More preferably, the air exchange opening is provided with a filter screen.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0015] 1. The passive evaporation cooling cooling mode selected by the present application is clean, non-polluting, energy-saving, carbon-reducing, and has remarkable cooling effect, economy and practicality.

[0016] 2. The present application adopts the natural ventilation combined with the evaporation cooling mode, and the cooling effect is more obvious, and the building envelope thermal and humid environment can be controlled, and the building cold and heat load energy consumption is reduced.

[0017] 3. The present application adds a flow guide plate at the air inlet and outlet positions, guides the airflow movement, strengthens the overall ventilation effect, enhances the evaporation cooling, and makes the photovoltaic panel cool faster.

[0018] 4. The present application uses different sensors to control the ventilation of each ventilation opening and the evaporation cooling process, which is more efficient, energy-saving, convenient, and saves water.

[0019] 5. The present application has a wide range of applications, and can be used not only for photovoltaic panel cooling, but also for photovoltaic curtain wall, building envelope thermal and humid adjustment, indoor and outdoor air heat exchange, indoor air precooling and reheating, and reduction of building cold and heat load energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a construction schematic view of a photovoltaic ventilation envelope structure system based on evaporation cooling.

[0021] 1, building envelope surface; 2, photovoltaic panel; 3, ventilation cavity; 4, air inlet; 5, air outlet; 6, louver; 7, evaporative cooling filler layer; 8, water supply pipeline; 9, circulating pump; 10, water tank; 11, water return pipeline; 12, external water source; 13, temperature sensor; 14, humidity sensor; 15, wind speed sensor; 16, controller; 17, solar radiation sensor; 18, air exchange port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The related technologies in the utility model will be described clearly and completely in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all the other embodiments obtained by the ordinary skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the protection scope of the utility model.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 The utility model discloses a kind of evaporative cooling photovoltaic ventilation envelope structure systems based on, comprising: building envelope surface 1, photovoltaic panel 2, ventilation cavity 3, ventilation cavity 3 is equipped with air inlet 4 and air outlet 5, air inlet 4 and air outlet 5 are equipped with the louver 6 that can control opening and closing respectively;The back light surface of photovoltaic panel 2 and the outer wall of ventilation cavity 3 are equipped with heat conduction or heat exchange device, building envelope surface 1 and photovoltaic panel 2 are located at the two opposite sides of ventilation cavity 3 respectively;Heat on the back plate of photovoltaic panel 2 is conducted to ventilation cavity 3 or conducted to external heat storage device by heat conduction or heat exchange device, reduce the temperature of the back plate of photovoltaic panel 2, improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic panel 2, can also secondary utilize the heat generated when photovoltaic panel 2 photoelectric conversion;When this part of heat is not needed secondary utilization, can be through the mode of opening louver 6, by self-heating ventilation or equipment ventilation, this part of heat is dissipated to external air.

[0024] Further, the heat conduction or heat exchange device includes: evaporative cooling filler layer 7, one side of evaporative cooling filler layer 7 is attached to the back light surface of photovoltaic panel 2, the other side of evaporative cooling filler layer 7 is attached to the outer wall of ventilation cavity 3;Evaporative cooling filler layer 7 can be filled with phase change material, and evaporative cooling filler layer 7 can cool the heat generated during the peak of photovoltaic panel 2 photoelectric conversion by evaporative cooling technology.

[0025] Further, the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 are opposite to each other, and the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 are located on the upper and lower sides or the left and right sides. The ventilation of the two opposite air inlets is more convenient and fast, and is suitable for an application environment with small wind speed. When the wind speed of the application environment is large, the air inlets and air outlets that are not opposite to each other can be considered to prevent the temperature in the cavity and the photovoltaic panel 2 from being too low. When the air inlets 4 and the air outlets 5 are located on the upper and lower sides, they are suitable for an application environment with small wind speed and high backboard temperature of the photovoltaic panel 2. When the backboard temperature of the photovoltaic panel 2 is high, the temperature in the ventilation cavity 3 is high, the air in the cavity is heated, the volume expands, the density decreases, the airflow rises from the upper air outlet, the cold air enters from the lower outlet, and the airflow from the bottom to the top caused by heating increases the heat dissipation efficiency, and is suitable for an application scenario in which the wind speed is smaller than the airflow flowing in the cavity.

[0026] Further, the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 are opposite to each other, and the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 are located on the upper and lower sides or the left and right sides. The ventilation of the two opposite air inlets is more convenient and fast, and is suitable for an application environment with small wind speed. When the wind speed of the application environment is large, the air inlets and air outlets that are not opposite to each other can be considered to prevent the temperature in the cavity and the photovoltaic panel 2 from being too low. When the air inlets 4 and the air outlets 5 are located on the upper and lower sides, they are suitable for an application environment with small wind speed and high backboard temperature of the photovoltaic panel 2. When the backboard temperature of the photovoltaic panel 2 is high, the temperature in the ventilation cavity 3 is high, the air in the cavity is heated, the volume expands, the density decreases, the airflow rises from the upper air outlet, the cold air enters from the lower outlet, and the airflow from the bottom to the top caused by heating increases the heat dissipation efficiency, and is suitable for an application scenario in which the wind speed is smaller than the airflow flowing in the cavity.

[0027] Further, the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 are opposite to each other, and the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 are located on the upper and lower sides or the left and right sides. The ventilation of the two opposite air inlets is more convenient and fast, and is suitable for an application environment with small wind speed. When the wind speed of the application environment is large, the air inlets and air outlets that are not opposite to each other can be considered to prevent the temperature in the cavity and the photovoltaic panel 2 from being too low. When the air inlets 4 and the air outlets 5 are located on the upper and lower sides, they are suitable for an application environment with small wind speed and high backboard temperature of the photovoltaic panel 2. When the backboard temperature of the photovoltaic panel 2 is high, the temperature in the ventilation cavity 3 is high, the air in the cavity is heated, the volume expands, the density decreases, the airflow rises from the upper air outlet, the cold air enters from the lower outlet, and the airflow from the bottom to the top caused by heating increases the heat dissipation efficiency, and is suitable for an application scenario in which the wind speed is smaller than the airflow flowing in the cavity.

[0028] Further, the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 are opposite to each other, and the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 are located on the upper and lower sides or the left and right sides. The ventilation of the two opposite air inlets is more convenient and fast, and is suitable for an application environment with small wind speed. When the wind speed of the application environment is large, the air inlets and air outlets that are not opposite to each other can be considered to prevent the temperature in the cavity and the photovoltaic panel 2 from being too low. When the air inlets 4 and the air outlets 5 are located on the upper and lower sides, they are suitable for an application environment with small wind speed and high backboard temperature of the photovoltaic panel 2. When the backboard temperature of the photovoltaic panel 2 is high, the temperature in the ventilation cavity 3 is high, the air in the cavity is heated, the volume expands, the density decreases, the airflow rises from the upper air outlet, the cold air enters from the lower outlet, and the airflow from the bottom to the top caused by heating increases the heat dissipation efficiency, and is suitable for an application scenario in which the wind speed is smaller than the airflow flowing in the cavity.

[0029] Further, the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 are opposite to each other, and the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 are located on the upper and lower sides or the left and right sides. The ventilation of the two opposite air inlets is more convenient and fast, and is suitable for an application environment with small wind speed. When the wind speed of the application environment is large, the air inlets and air outlets that are not opposite to each other can be considered to prevent the temperature in the cavity and the photovoltaic panel 2 from being too low. When the air inlets 4 and the air outlets 5 are located on the upper and lower sides, they are suitable for an application environment with small wind speed and high backboard temperature of the photovoltaic panel 2. When the backboard temperature of the photovoltaic panel 2 is high, the temperature in the ventilation cavity 3 is high, the air in the cavity is heated, the volume expands, the density decreases, the airflow rises from the upper air outlet, the cold air enters from the lower outlet, and the airflow from the bottom to the top caused by heating increases the heat dissipation efficiency, and is suitable for an application scenario in which the wind speed is smaller than the airflow flowing in the cavity.

[0030] Embodiment

[0031] The photovoltaic ventilation cavity envelope structure system of the embodiment mainly comprises: a photovoltaic panel 2, a ventilation cavity 3, an evaporative cooling system, a wind guide baffle, a ventilation opening, a louver 6, a water supply and return system, a sensor, a controller 15 and the like. The photovoltaic panel 2 and the building envelope surface 1 form a ventilation cavity 3; the upper and lower parts of the ventilation cavity 3 are provided with automatically openable and closable louvers 6 controlled by the sensor according to the external environment, which can exchange gas with the outside; the louver 6 sensor 13, the sensor 14, the sensor 16 and the controller jointly control, and can rotate to control the inlet air speed and volume at 0°-180°; the ventilation opening of the upper and lower parts of the ventilation cavity 3 is provided with a copper wind guide baffle to control the inlet and outlet air direction; the evaporative cooling system is arranged on the back plate of the photovoltaic panel 2, which comprises an evaporative cooling filler layer 7, a water supply pipeline 8, a return pipeline 11, a water tank 10 and a circulating pump 9, and can be controlled by the controller according to the meteorological information to work or not and the working mode (intermittent work or continuous work); the controller 16 converts the environmental information into an electrical signal and sends it to the system, and the system selects whether to start the threshold value according to the preset value to control the opening and closing of the louver 6, the opening of the building envelope ventilation opening and the opening of the evaporative cooling system.

[0032] The ventilation opening is arranged at the top and bottom of the building envelope, and can directly exchange gas with the ventilation cavity 3. In different seasons, the opening and closing are controlled by the controller 16, the ventilation opening is opened in the hot season, the heat convection exchange between the cavity inside and the air is increased, the indoor ventilation rate is increased, and cool air is brought into the room. In cold seasons, the louver is closed, the temperature of the air in the cavity is increased, the temperature of the envelope surface is increased, and the room temperature is increased. The indoor air exchanges with the gas in the cavity through the ventilation opening, and the room temperature is increased. In the transition season, the indoor air exchanges with the gas in the cavity through the ventilation opening, and the natural ventilation rate is increased.

[0033] When the photovoltaic panel 2 generates electricity under the action of solar radiation, the temperature of the photovoltaic back plate continuously increases, the water in the water tank is delivered to the water supply pipeline at the top of the photovoltaic panel by the circulating pump, the water supply pipeline uniformly drops the water on the surface of the evaporative cooling filler under the assistance of the flow guide plate, the evaporative cooling filler reduces the temperature of the photovoltaic back plate in the passive evaporative cooling process, and then positively promotes the photovoltaic power generation efficiency. Effectively solve the problem of low photovoltaic power generation efficiency caused by high photovoltaic back plate temperature and regulate the building envelope thermal and humid environment, reduce the building cooling and heating load.

[0034] The photovoltaic panel 2 generates electricity to provide part of clean energy for the building when working, and the photovoltaic panel 2 generates light heat in the process of generating electricity, and the heat is utilized in the embodiment, so that the air temperature of the air cavity layer is increased, the air flow is promoted, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and the temperature in the cavity is reduced; in summer, in order to more efficiently reduce the temperature, the evaporation cooling spraying system is adopted on the photovoltaic back plate to quickly reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic panel, and ventilation is cooperated to reduce the temperature in the cavity, effectively reduce the heat radiation intensity of the surface of the building envelope structure, and then reduce the indoor temperature of the building, so that part of the cooling demand is met; in winter, the louvers 6 and the photovoltaic and outdoor air exchange port are closed, the temperature of the photovoltaic back plate is utilized to heat the air in the cavity, the heat preservation effect is provided for the building envelope structure, the gas exchange is carried out with the ventilation port of the building envelope structure, the indoor air of the building is heated, and part of the heating demand is met; in the transition season, the angle of the louvers 6, the opening and closing of the spraying system and the opening and closing state of each ventilation port are determined according to the climate condition and the data on the sensor.

[0035] The embodiment converts the data collected by the local climate condition and the sensor into an electric signal through processing, and then controls the opening and closing of each ventilation port and the opening or closing of the evaporation cooling system through the controller, so that more accurate and efficient control is realized; the photovoltaic panel is combined with the building envelope structure, the efficient composite utilization of photovoltaic, photoelectricity and photothermal is realized, the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is improved, the indoor thermal and humid environment of the building is adjusted, part of the cooling and heating demand is met, the cooling and heating load of the building is reduced, the thermal performance of the building envelope structure is effectively improved, and the integrated application of photovoltaic, photoelectricity and photothermal is realized.

[0036] In summary, the passive evaporation cooling cooling mode is clean, pollution-free, energy-saving, carbon-reducing, economical and has remarkable cooling effect; the natural ventilation combined with the evaporation cooling mode is adopted, the cooling effect is more obvious, the thermal and humid environment of the building envelope structure can be adjusted, and the cooling and heating load of the building can be reduced.

[0037] It should be emphasized that: the above is only a preferred embodiment of the utility model, and does not limit the utility model in any form, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made according to the technical essence of the utility model to the above embodiment still belongs to the scope of the technical scheme of the utility model.

Claims

1. An evaporative cooling photovoltaic ventilated envelope system based on, characterized by, The application relates to a building envelope surface (1), a photovoltaic panel (2) and a ventilation cavity (3), wherein an air inlet (4) and an air outlet (5) are arranged on the ventilation cavity (3), controllable shutters (6) are arranged at the air inlet (4) and the air outlet (5), a heat conduction or heat exchange device is arranged between the back surface of the photovoltaic panel (2) and the outer wall of the ventilation cavity (3), and the building envelope surface (1) and the photovoltaic panel (2) are arranged on opposite sides of the ventilation cavity (3). The heat conduction or heat exchange device comprises an evaporative cooling filler layer (7), one side of the evaporative cooling filler layer (7) is attached to the back surface of the photovoltaic panel (2), and the other side of the evaporative cooling filler layer (7) is attached to the outer wall of the ventilation cavity (3).

2. An evaporative cooling photovoltaic ventilated envelope system according to claim 1, wherein, A water supply pipeline (8) is arranged on the upper part of the evaporative cooling filler layer (7), a circulating pump (9) is arranged on the water supply pipeline (8), water in a water tank (10) is supplied to the evaporative cooling filler layer (7) through the circulating pump (9), the evaporative cooling filler layer (7) is kept in a wet state, a water return pipeline (11) is arranged on the lower part of the evaporative cooling filler layer (7), and the water return pipeline (11) collects excess water, and the water tank (10) is connected with a water source (12) to supply water to the evaporative cooling device.

3. An evaporative cooling photovoltaic ventilated envelope system according to claim 2, wherein, The air inlet (4) and the air outlet (5) are opposite to each other, and the air inlet (4) and the air outlet (5) are arranged on the upper and lower sides or the left and right sides.

4. The evaporative cooling photovoltaic ventilated envelope system according to claim 1, wherein, Air guide baffles are arranged on one end of the air inlet (4) and the air outlet (5) in the ventilation cavity (3), and air guide channels in the same direction from the air inlet (4) to the air outlet (5) are arranged on the air guide baffles.

5. An evaporative cooling photovoltaic ventilated envelope system according to claim 4, wherein, The air guide baffles are made of heat conductive materials.

6. An evaporative cooling photovoltaic ventilated envelope system according to claim 5, wherein, Temperature sensors (13), humidity sensors (14), wind speed sensors (15) and a controller (16) are arranged in the ventilation cavity (3), a solar radiation sensor (17) is arranged on the sun-facing surface of the ventilation cavity (3), and the temperature sensors (13), the humidity sensors (14), the wind speed sensors (15), the solar radiation sensor (17), the shutters (6) and the photovoltaic panel (2) are electrically connected to the controller (16).

7. An evaporative cooling photovoltaic ventilated envelope system according to claim 5, wherein, The ventilation cavity (3) is provided with an air exchange opening (18) which is connected to an indoor space on the inner side of the building envelope surface (1) in a circulating manner, and the air exchange opening (18) is electrically connected to the controller (16).

8. An evaporative cooling photovoltaic ventilated envelope system according to claim 7, wherein, ​

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