Graded collection device for particles discharged by diesel engine

Abstract

The utility model discloses a graded collection device for particles discharged by a diesel engine, and belongs to the technical field of pollutant monitoring. According to the technical scheme, the device comprises a particle grading and collecting area, the particle grading and collecting area comprises an ionization area, a small particle area, a medium particle area and a large particle chamber, the small particle area comprises a small particle collecting chamber, and the small particle collecting chamber comprises a small particle positive plate, a small particle filter screen and a small particle negative plate from top to bottom; the middle particle area comprises a middle particle collecting chamber, and the middle particle collecting chamber comprises a middle particle positive plate, a middle particle filter screen and a middle particle negative plate from top to bottom. The utility model has the beneficial effects that the particle classification collection area realizes classification sampling of diesel engine particles through the design of multiple stages of collection areas, each collection area and the ionization chamber respectively form a circulation loop, and the sorting accuracy is improved through multiple times of sorting.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of pollutant monitoring technology, more particularly to a kind of for diesel engine emission particulate matter's hierarchical collection device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Diesel engine is the main power of commercial vehicle, agricultural machinery, engineering machinery, ship and other supporting machinery. The emission pollutants of diesel engine mainly include NOx, particulate (PM), HC, CO and the like, among which particulate is one of the main sources of air PM2.5. In the fifth stage of motor vehicle emission standard, in addition to limiting the mass of particulate emission, the limitation requirement of particulate number is increased. Particulate is the product formed by incomplete combustion of fuel in cylinder, and after entering the atmosphere, it will form haze with other substances in the atmosphere, which will have serious impact on the environment. Therefore, studying the formation process of diesel engine emission in cylinder and the evolution process in exhaust pipe, and putting forward the method to reduce the mass and number of diesel engine particulate emission are the key to control diesel engine particulate pollution.

[0003] Collecting and analyzing diesel engine emission particulate is an important means to study the formation mechanism of diesel engine particulate and the control of emission pollutants. Incomplete combustion of diesel engine in cylinder produces solid particulate, and also generates water vapor, CO2, HC, CO, NOx and other gaseous substances, which enter the exhaust pipe together with the solid particulate. Among them, water vapor, volatile organic substances, CO and NOx will react with solid particulate under certain conditions, on the one hand, it will change the composition of the material on the surface of the particle, on the other hand, it will affect the collision, coagulation and other physical behaviors between particles, and then affect the state characteristics of particles, which will have great influence on the study of the formation mechanism of particles and the control of emission pollutants. Therefore, the design of particulate sampling device and sampling method which can avoid the above phenomenon is applied in the field of pollutant monitoring, which provides important method and means for the study of the formation mechanism and control of diesel engine particulate matter.

[0004] The prior art designs ionization chamber and adsorption chamber to realize the collection of particulate matter. For example, CN203944472U discloses an air balloon for collecting particulate matter in air by using photovoltaic power generation as power supply. The inhaled air is first ionized in the ionization chamber to generate negatively charged gas ions, which move to the adsorption chamber under the action of air flow and electric field force. In the movement process, the particulate matter in the air is charged with negative electricity, and is adsorbed on the adsorption net of the adsorption chamber due to discharge, so as to realize the purification of air. This method can avoid the blockage caused by the use of filter screen, but the device cannot collect particulate matter of different particle sizes, and the diesel engine emission particulate matter collected at one time may cause inaccurate sorting problem due to particle accumulation. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0005] In view of the technical problem that the prior device cannot collect particles of different particle sizes and the accuracy of one-time sorting is not high, the utility model discloses a kind of hierarchical collection device for diesel engine emission particulate, and particle hierarchical collection area is designed by multistage collection area, realize hierarchical sampling diesel engine particulate, each collection area and ionization chamber form circulation loop respectively, and multiple sorting improves sorting accuracy.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the utility model takes the following technical scheme: a kind of hierarchical collection device for diesel engine emission particulate, including emission evacuation compressor;The air inlet of the emission evacuation compressor is communicated with the exhaust port of diesel engine by exhaust pipe, and the exhaust port of the emission evacuation compressor is connected with gas adsorption area, and the gas adsorption area is connected with particle hierarchical collection area;The particle hierarchical collection area includes ionization area and small particle area, medium particle area and large particle area, and the outlet of the ionization area is divided into two outlet branch lines, one of which is communicated with the inlet of small particle area, and the outlet of the other outlet branch line is divided into two outlet branch lines, one of which is communicated with the inlet of medium particle area, and the other outlet branch line is communicated with the inlet of large particle area;The outlet of small particle area, the outlet of medium particle area and the outlet of large particle area are respectively communicated with the inlet of ionization area;The ionization area includes ionization chamber;The small particle area includes small particle collection chamber, and the small particle collection chamber includes small particle positive plate from top to bottom, small particle filter screen, small particle negative plate;The medium particle area includes medium particle collection chamber, and the medium particle collection chamber includes medium particle positive plate from top to bottom, medium particle filter screen, medium particle negative plate;Large particle area includes large particle collection chamber, and large particle collection chamber includes large particle positive plate and large particle negative plate from top to bottom;The inlet of the other outlet branch line is provided with shunt valve.

[0007] Further, the filter pore size of the small particle filter screen is different from that of the medium particle filter screen, and the filter pore size of the small particle filter screen is smaller than that of the medium particle filter screen.Under the action of small particle filter screen, small particles are uniformly adsorbed on small particle positive plate;Under the action of medium particle filter screen, medium particles are uniformly adsorbed on medium particle positive plate.

[0008] Further, the gas adsorption area includes activated carbon adsorption chamber connected with the exhaust port of the evacuation compressor, and nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber is fixedly connected below the activated carbon adsorption chamber;The nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber is connected with nitrogen cylinder through pipeline;Nitrogen oxide chamber gas pressure detector and nitrogen cylinder valve are installed on the pipeline;The activated carbon adsorption chamber is provided with activated carbon chamber gas concentration detector, and the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber is provided with nitrogen oxide chamber gas concentration detector.

[0009] Further, an adsorption zone valve is arranged between the activated carbon adsorption chamber and the exhaust evacuation compressor, and an adsorption chamber evacuation compressor is arranged at the inlet of the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber, and an adsorption chamber valve is arranged between the activated carbon adsorption chamber and the adsorption chamber evacuation compressor.

[0010] Further, the ionization zone further comprises an ionization chamber evacuation compressor arranged at the inlet of the ionization chamber, and a collection zone particulate matter detection sensor arranged at the outlet of the ionization chamber; the inlet of the ionization zone is provided with two inlet branches, one of which is communicated with the outlet of the gas adsorption zone; and the other is respectively communicated with the outlet of the small particle zone, the outlet of the medium particle zone and the outlet of the large particle zone.

[0011] Further, the small particle zone further comprises a small particle one-way valve arranged at the outlet of the small particle collection chamber, and a small particle valve arranged at the inlet of the small particle collection chamber; and the particles are circulated in the small particle collection chamber and the ionization chamber.

[0012] Further, the medium particle zone further comprises a medium particle one-way valve arranged at the outlet of the medium particle collection chamber, and a medium particle valve arranged at the inlet of the medium particle collection chamber; and the particles are circulated in the medium particle collection chamber and the ionization chamber.

[0013] Further, the large particle zone further comprises a large particle one-way valve arranged at the outlet of the large particle collection chamber, and a large particle valve arranged at the inlet of the large particle collection chamber; and the particles are circulated in the large particle collection chamber and the ionization chamber.

[0014] Further, the adsorption layer around the inner wall of the activated carbon adsorption chamber comprises solid adsorbents made of activated carbon and Co-Ni as the catalyst active component; and the activated carbon adsorption chamber is mainly used for filtering water vapor, volatile organic substances and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas.

[0015] Further, the adsorption layer of the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber comprises adsorbents made of natural zeolite and calcium hydroxide, and the adsorbents are formed by mixing the natural zeolite and the calcium hydroxide in a mass ratio of 1:1, adding water to make them uniform, and then drying and molding. The nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber is mainly used for filtering nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) The utility model discloses a gas adsorption area and particle classification collection area are set up and the outlet of gas adsorption area is connected with the inlet of particle classification collection area, can exclude the substance of the reaction of the particle in waste gas easily, can isolate the contact with air, prevents the oxidation of particle, can avoid the collision of particle, condensation, agglomeration change caused by environmental pressure change, causes the particle to grow again and evolution again.

[0018] (2) The particle classification collection area is designed through the ionization area, small particle area, medium particle area and large particle area, and the small particle collection chamber, medium particle collection chamber and large particle collection chamber are formed by the positive plate and negative plate to form an electric field, the particulate matter is negatively charged after passing through the ionization chamber, and the small particles are adsorbed by the small particle collection chamber under the action of the electric field force of the small particle collection chamber and the small particle filter screen, the medium particles are adsorbed by the medium particle collection chamber under the action of the electric field force of the medium particle collection chamber and the medium particle filter screen, and the large particles are collected by the large particle collection chamber under the action of the electric field force of the large particle collection chamber, so that the diesel particulate matter is classified and sampled; when collecting small particles, the particulate matter circulates in the small particle collection chamber and the ionization chamber, can pass through the small particle collection chamber multiple times, and thus the small particles are separated from the particulate matter; when collecting medium particles, the particulate matter circulates in the small particle collection chamber and the ionization chamber, can pass through the medium particle collection chamber multiple times, and thus the medium particles are separated from the particulate matter, and multiple separation improves the separation accuracy; when collecting large particles, the particulate matter circulates in the small particle collection chamber and the ionization chamber, and the large particles are fully collected. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is the structure schematic diagram of the utility model device;

[0020] Figure 2 It is the work flow chart of the utility model device;

[0021] Wherein: 1, diesel engine; 2, exhaust pipe; 3, exhaust air compressor; 4, adsorption zone valve; 5, activated carbon chamber gas concentration detector; 6, activated carbon adsorption chamber; 7, adsorption chamber valve; 8, adsorption chamber air compressor; 9, nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber; 10, ionization chamber valve; 12, nitrogen oxide chamber gas concentration detector; 13, nitrogen oxide chamber gas pressure detector; 14, nitrogen cylinder valve; 15, nitrogen cylinder; 16, ionization chamber air compressor; 17, ionization chamber; 18, small particle valve; 19, shunt valve; 20, large particle valve; 21, small particle positive plate; 22, small particle filter screen; 23, small particle negative plate; 24, medium particle positive plate; 25, medium particle filter screen; 26, medium particle negative plate; 27, large particle positive plate; 28, large particle negative plate; 29, small particle check valve; 30, medium particle check valve; 31, large particle check valve; 32, collection zone particulate matter detection sensor; 33, adsorption zone particulate matter detection sensor; 34, medium particle valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the technical means realized by the utility model clear, accurate and complete, the utility model will be further described below in combination with examples and drawings.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] The grading collection device for diesel engine exhaust particulate matter of the embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , includes an exhaust air compressor 3; the air inlet of the exhaust air compressor 3 is communicated with the exhaust port of the diesel engine 1 through the exhaust pipe 2, the air outlet of the exhaust air compressor 3 is connected with a gas adsorption zone, and the gas adsorption zone is connected with a particle grading collection zone.

[0025] The gas adsorption zone comprises an activated carbon adsorption chamber 6 connected with the exhaust port of the evacuation compressor, and a nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber 9 fixedly connected below the activated carbon adsorption chamber 6; the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber 9 is connected with a nitrogen cylinder 15 through a pipeline, and a nitrogen oxide chamber gas pressure detector 13 and a nitrogen cylinder valve 14 are installed on the pipeline; the activated carbon adsorption chamber 6 is provided with an activated carbon chamber gas concentration detector 5, and the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber 9 is provided with a nitrogen oxide chamber gas concentration detector 12; the adsorption layer around the inner wall of the activated carbon adsorption chamber 6 comprises solid adsorbents made of activated carbon and Co-Ni as catalyst active components; the adsorption layer of the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber 9 comprises adsorbents made of natural zeolite and calcium hydroxide, and the adsorbents are formed by mixing the natural zeolite and the calcium hydroxide according to a mass ratio of 1:1, adding water, uniformly mixing, and drying and molding; the activated carbon adsorption chamber 6 and the evacuation compressor 3 are provided with an adsorption zone valve 4, the inlet of the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber 9 is provided with an adsorption chamber evacuation compressor 8, and the activated carbon adsorption chamber 6 and the adsorption chamber evacuation compressor 8 are provided with an adsorption chamber valve 7; the gas adsorption zone further comprises an ionization chamber valve 10 arranged at the outlet of the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber 9 and an adsorption zone particulate matter detection sensor 33 arranged at the outlet of the ionization chamber valve 10.

[0026] The particle classification and collection zone comprises an ionization zone and a small particle zone, a medium particle zone and a large particle zone; the outlet of the ionization zone is divided into two outlet branches, one of which is communicated with the inlet of the small particle zone, and the outlet of the other outlet branch is divided into two outlet branches, one of which is communicated with the inlet of the medium particle zone, and the other outlet branch is communicated with the inlet of the large particle zone; the outlet of the small particle zone, the outlet of the medium particle zone and the outlet of the large particle zone are respectively communicated with the inlet of the ionization zone.

[0027] The ionization zone comprises an ionization chamber 17, and further comprises an ionization chamber evacuation compressor 16 arranged at the inlet of the ionization chamber 17 and a collection zone particulate matter detection sensor 32 arranged at the outlet of the ionization chamber 17; the inlet of the ionization zone is provided with two inlet branches, one of which is communicated with the outlet of the gas adsorption zone; the other inlet is respectively communicated with the outlet of the small particle zone, the outlet of the medium particle zone and the outlet of the large particle zone.

[0028] The small particle zone comprises a small particle collection chamber, and the small particle collection chamber comprises a small particle positive plate 21, a small particle filter screen 22 and a small particle negative plate 23 from top to bottom; the small particle zone further comprises a small particle one-way valve 29 arranged at the outlet of the small particle collection chamber and a small particle valve 18 arranged at the inlet of the small particle collection chamber.

[0029] The medium particle zone comprises a medium particle collection chamber, and further comprises a medium particle one-way valve 30 arranged at the outlet of the medium particle collection chamber and a medium particle valve 34 arranged at the inlet of the medium particle collection chamber; the medium particle collection chamber comprises a medium particle positive plate 24, a medium particle filter screen 25 and a medium particle negative plate 26 from top to bottom.

[0030] The large particle zone comprises a large particle collecting chamber, and further comprises a large particle one-way valve 31 arranged at the outlet of the large particle collecting chamber, and a large particle valve 20 arranged at the inlet of the large particle collecting chamber. The large particle collecting chamber comprises large particle positive plates 27 and large particle negative plates 28 from top to bottom; the inlet of another outlet branch is provided with a branch valve 19.

[0031] The shell of the ionization chamber is made of insulating material, and the ionization chamber is internally provided with a metal mesh with a size of 40 cm 2 The filter pore size of the small particle filter screen 22 is different from that of the medium particle filter screen 25, and the filter pore size of the small particle filter screen 22 is smaller than that of the medium particle filter screen 25. The small particle collecting chamber is used for adsorbing nucleation particles with a particle size of less than 50 nm, the medium particle collecting chamber is used for adsorbing ultrafine particles with a particle size of 50-100 nm, and the large particle collecting chamber is used for collecting aggregated particles with a particle size of more than 100 nm. The filter pore size of the small particle filter screen 22 is 50 nm, and the filter pore size of the medium particle filter screen 25 is 100 nm. Small particles with negative electricity are adsorbed by the small particle positive plates under the action of the electric field and the small particle filter screen, and other particles enter the medium particle zone with the gas due to the obstruction of the small particle filter screen. Medium particles with negative electricity are adsorbed by the medium particle positive plates under the action of the electric field and the medium particle filter screen, and large particles enter the large particle zone with the gas due to the obstruction of the medium particle filter screen. Large particles with negative electricity are adsorbed by the large particle positive plates under the action of the electric field.

[0032] The working process of the embodiment is as follows:

[0033] Step one: when the diesel engine is stably operated under a certain working condition, the adsorption chamber valve 7 is in a closed state, the adsorption zone valve 4 is opened, the exhaust gas is extracted to the activated carbon adsorption chamber 6 by using the exhaust air extraction compressor 3, and after extraction, the adsorption zone valve 4 is closed.

[0034] Step two: after the exhaust gas in the activated carbon adsorption chamber 6 is adsorbed, the concentrations of water vapor, volatile organic substances and carbon monoxide in the activated carbon adsorption chamber 6 are detected by using the activated carbon chamber gas concentration detector 5, the adsorption chamber valve 7 and the adsorption chamber air extraction compressor 8 are opened, so that the exhaust gas in the activated carbon adsorption chamber 6 enters the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber 9, the adsorption chamber valve 7 and the adsorption chamber air extraction compressor 8 are closed, then the nitrogen bottle valve 14 is opened to inject high-purity nitrogen into the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber 9, and the nitrogen oxide chamber gas pressure detector 13 is used for detection, so that the internal pressure of the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber 9 reaches the original level and remains stable.

[0035] Step three: after the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber 9 is adsorbed, the nitrogen oxide room gas concentration detector 12 is used to detect the concentration of nitrogen oxide in the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber 9, the shunt valve 19 is in a closed state, the ionization chamber valve 10, the small particle valve 18 and the ionization chamber evacuation compressor 16 are opened, at this time the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber 9 and the ionization chamber 17 are kept in communication, so that the particles enter the ionization chamber 17 with the gas, and the ionization chamber 17 makes the particles carry negative charges;

[0036] Step four: after the adsorption zone particle detection sensor 33 detects that the gas adsorption zone is free of particles, the ionization chamber valve 10 is closed; the particles circulate in the small particle collection chamber and the ionization chamber, and the small particle positive plate 21 and the small particle negative plate 23 are in a working state.

[0037] Step five: the collection zone particle detection sensor 32 is used to detect that the pipeline is free of small particles below 50 nm, indicating that the particles below 50 nm in diameter are collected in the small particle zone, the small particle valve 18 is closed, the large particle valve 20 is in a closed state, the shunt valve 19 is opened, the particles circulate in the medium particle collection chamber 22 and the ionization chamber 17, and at the same time, the medium particle positive plate 24 and the medium particle negative plate 26 are in a working state.

[0038] Step six: the collection zone particle detection sensor 32 is used to detect that the pipeline is free of medium particles of 50-100 nm, indicating that the medium particles of 50-100 nm are collected in the medium particle zone, the medium particle valve 34 is closed, the large particle valve 20 is opened, the particles circulate in the large particle collection chamber and the ionization chamber 17, and at the same time, the large particle positive plate 27 and the large particle negative plate 28 are in a working state; the collection zone particle detection sensor 32 detects that the pipeline is free of large particles above 100 nm, the ionization chamber evacuation compressor 16 is closed, so that the particles above 100 nm in diameter enter the large particle collection chamber.

[0039] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not used to limit the present application, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A device for fractionated collection of diesel engine exhaust particles, comprising an exhaust evacuation compressor (3); the intake of said exhaust evacuation compressor (3) is in communication with the exhaust of a diesel engine (1) through an exhaust pipe (2), the exhaust of said exhaust evacuation compressor (3) is connected to a gas adsorption zone, said gas adsorption zone is connected to a particle fractionated collection zone; characterized in that, The particle grading collection area includes an ionization area and a small particle area, a medium particle area and a large particle area, the outlet of the ionization area is divided into two outlet branches, one of which is communicated with the inlet of the small particle area, the other outlet branch is divided into two outlet branches, one of which is communicated with the inlet of the medium particle area, and the other outlet branch is communicated with the inlet of the large particle area; the outlet of the small particle area, the outlet of the medium particle area and the outlet of the large particle area are respectively communicated with the inlet of the ionization area; the ionization area includes an ionization chamber (17); the small particle area includes a small particle collection chamber, which includes a small particle positive plate (21), a small particle filter screen (22) and a small particle negative plate (23) from top to bottom; the medium particle area includes a medium particle collection chamber, which includes a medium particle positive plate (24), a medium particle filter screen (25) and a medium particle negative plate (26) from top to bottom; the large particle area includes a large particle collection chamber, which includes a large particle positive plate (27) and a large particle negative plate (28) from top to bottom; the inlet of the outlet branch away from the inlet of the small particle area is provided with a branch valve (19).

2. The device for fractionated collection of diesel exhaust particulates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter hole diameter of the small particle filter screen (22) is different from that of the medium particle filter screen (25), and the filter hole diameter of the small particle filter screen (22) is smaller than that of the medium particle filter screen (25).

3. The device for fractionated collection of diesel exhaust particulates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas adsorption area includes an activated carbon adsorption chamber (6) connected with the exhaust port of the evacuation compressor (3), and a nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber (9) fixedly connected below the activated carbon adsorption chamber (6); the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber (9) is connected with a nitrogen cylinder (15) through a pipeline; the pipeline is provided with a nitrogen oxide chamber gas pressure detector (13) and a nitrogen cylinder valve (14); the activated carbon adsorption chamber (6) is provided with an activated carbon chamber gas concentration detector (5), and the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber (9) is provided with a nitrogen oxide chamber gas concentration detector (12).

4. The device for fractionated collection of diesel exhaust particulates according to claim 3, characterized in that, The activated carbon adsorption chamber (6) and the evacuation compressor (3) are provided with an adsorption area valve (4), the inlet of the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber (9) is provided with an adsorption chamber evacuation compressor (8), and the activated carbon adsorption chamber (6) and the adsorption chamber evacuation compressor (8) are provided with an adsorption chamber valve (7); the gas adsorption area further includes an ionization chamber valve (10) arranged at the outlet of the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber (9) and an adsorption area particulate matter detection sensor (33) arranged at the outlet of the ionization chamber valve (10).

5. The device for fractionated collection of diesel exhaust particulates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ionization area further includes an ionization chamber evacuation compressor (16) arranged at the inlet of the ionization chamber (17) and a collection area particulate matter detection sensor (32) arranged at the outlet of the ionization chamber (17); the inlet of the ionization area is provided with two inlet branches, one of which is communicated with the outlet of the gas adsorption area; the other inlet is respectively communicated with the outlet of the small particle area, the outlet of the medium particle area and the outlet of the large particle area.

6. The device for fractionated collection of diesel exhaust particulates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The small particle area further includes a small particle one-way valve (29) arranged at the outlet of the small particle collection chamber and a small particle valve (18) arranged at the inlet of the small particle collection chamber.

7. The device for fractionated collection of diesel exhaust particulates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The medium particle zone further comprises a medium particle one-way valve (30) arranged at the outlet of the medium particle collection chamber, and a medium particle valve (34) arranged at the inlet of the medium particle collection chamber.

8. The device for fractionated collection of diesel exhaust particulates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The large particle zone further comprises a large particle one-way valve (31) arranged at the outlet of the large particle collection chamber, and a large particle valve (20) arranged at the inlet of the large particle collection chamber.

9. The device for fractionated collection of diesel exhaust particulates according to claim 3, characterized in that, The adsorption layer around the inner wall of the activated carbon adsorption chamber (6) is mainly activated carbon and solid adsorbent with Co-Ni as the catalyst active component.

10. The device for fractionated collection of diesel exhaust particulates according to claim 3, characterized in that, The adsorption layer of the nitrogen oxide adsorption chamber (9) is mainly composed of natural zeolite and calcium hydroxide, and is formed by baking after being uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 and adding water.

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