Air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system fused with super capacitor and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system fused with a super capacitor and a vehicle. The system comprises a fuel cell system, a super capacitor energy storage system, a bus system, a main control system, a first DC-DC conversion module and a second DC-DC conversion module, the super-capacitor energy storage system is electrically connected with the fuel cell system, and the fuel cell system is used for charging the super-capacitor energy storage system; the fuel cell system is electrically connected with the bus system and the main control system through the second DC-to-DC conversion module; the main control system, the first DC-to-DC conversion module, the second DC-to-DC conversion module, the fuel cell system and the super capacitor energy storage system communicate through a CAN bus; the fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell, the super capacitor energy storage system comprises a first super capacitor, and the main control system is used for coordinating power distribution of the fuel cell and the first super capacitor. According to the scheme provided by the invention, the larger transient power limit requirement required by the system can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery control system technology, and in particular to a wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and vehicle integrating a supercapacitor. Background Technology

[0002] In today's context of increasing environmental awareness and energy transition, the research and development and promotion of electric bicycles are particularly important. Breakthroughs in power battery technology are key to driving the development of the electric bicycle industry. Currently, lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries are the mainstream power sources for electric bicycles and have already secured a place in the market. Lithium batteries, in particular, with their superior charging and discharging speeds and long lifespans, have attracted the attention of many manufacturers and become a hot topic in the research and development of electric bicycle power systems.

[0003] Nevertheless, lithium batteries have encountered some bottlenecks in their popularization process, especially the technological limitations of cathode materials, which have constrained their further promotion to some extent. Faced with this situation, the industry urgently needs innovation and the development of new power technologies to compensate for the shortcomings of lithium batteries in terms of energy utilization and lifespan. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address or partially address the problems existing in related technologies, this application provides an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and vehicle that integrates a supercapacitor. By adding a first supercapacitor, hybrid power between the fuel cell and the first supercapacitor can be achieved, which can meet the system's greater transient power limit requirements.

[0005] This application provides a first aspect of an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating a supercapacitor, comprising a fuel cell system, a supercapacitor energy storage system, a bus system, a main control system, a first DC-DC converter module, and a second DC-DC converter module. The fuel cell system is electrically connected to the bus system via the first DC-DC converter module, and the supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to the fuel cell system, with the fuel cell system used to charge the supercapacitor energy storage system. The supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to both the bus system and the main control system via the second DC-DC converter module. The main control system, the first DC-DC converter module, the second DC-DC converter module, the fuel cell system, and the supercapacitor energy storage system communicate via a CAN bus. The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, the supercapacitor energy storage system includes a first supercapacitor, and the main control system is communicatively connected to the first supercapacitor and the fuel cell, with the main control system used to coordinate the power distribution between the fuel cell and the first supercapacitor.

[0006] Furthermore, the fuel cell system includes a battery controller, the fuel cell is a hydrogen fuel cell, and the battery controller includes a hydrogen inlet control valve, a hydrogen outlet control valve, a pressure sensor and an intake fan, and the fuel cell is connected to the hydrogen inlet control valve, the hydrogen outlet control valve, the pressure sensor and the intake fan respectively.

[0007] Furthermore, the fuel cell system also includes a supercapacitor voltage balancing system and a lithium battery system. The lithium battery system is used to power the main control system before the fuel cell starts up, and the lithium battery system is used to precharge the supercapacitor voltage balancing system before the fuel cell initialization is completed.

[0008] Furthermore, the supercapacitor voltage balancing system includes a second supercapacitor, a pre-charging circuit, and a first function switching circuit. The pre-charging circuit is electrically connected to the lithium battery system, and the second supercapacitor is electrically connected to the fuel cell or the pre-charging circuit through the first function switching circuit. Before the fuel cell initialization is completed, the first function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the pre-charging circuit, and the lithium battery system pre-charges the second supercapacitor through the pre-charging circuit. After the fuel cell initialization is completed, the first function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell supplies power to the second supercapacitor.

[0009] Furthermore, the supercapacitor voltage balancing system and the fuel cell are connected in parallel.

[0010] Furthermore, the first supercapacitor is electrically connected to the bus system and the main control system respectively through the second DC-DC conversion module, and the first supercapacitor is used to balance the voltage of the bus system.

[0011] Furthermore, the supercapacitor energy storage system includes a charging circuit and a second function switching circuit; before the fuel cell initialization is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the charging circuit, and the lithium battery system pre-charges the first supercapacitor through the charging circuit; after the fuel cell initialization is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell supplies power to the first supercapacitor.

[0012] Furthermore, the fuel cell and the supercapacitor energy storage system are connected in parallel, and the output voltage of the fuel cell and the output voltage of the supercapacitor energy storage system are regulated by the main control system.

[0013] Furthermore, the main control system dynamically adjusts the output voltage and charging power of the first DC-to-DC converter module and the output voltage and charging power of the second DC-to-DC converter module to coordinate the power distribution between the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system.

[0014] A second aspect of this application provides a vehicle that includes the aforementioned air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system incorporating a supercapacitor.

[0015] The technical solution provided in this application may include the following beneficial effects:

[0016] This invention provides a hybrid power system and vehicle based on an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell that integrates a supercapacitor. It overcomes the inherent characteristics of traditional lithium batteries, such as low output power and poor transient response. By adding a first supercapacitor, a hybrid power system of fuel cell and first supercapacitor can be achieved, which can meet the system's greater transient power limit requirements.

[0017] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments of this application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments of this application.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating a supercapacitor, as shown in an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the start-up process of a fuel cell system shown in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art.

[0022] The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0023] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., may be used in this application to describe various information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0024] Lithium-ion batteries have encountered some bottlenecks in their widespread adoption, particularly the technological limitations of cathode materials, which have hindered their further promotion. Faced with this situation, the industry urgently needs innovation and the development of new power technologies to compensate for the shortcomings of lithium-ion batteries in terms of energy utilization and lifespan. To address these issues, this application provides an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and vehicle integrating a supercapacitor. By adding a first supercapacitor, hybrid power between the fuel cell and the first supercapacitor is achieved, which can meet the system's greater transient power limit requirements.

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating a supercapacitor, as shown in an embodiment of this application.

[0027] See Figure 1 The wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating supercapacitors includes a fuel cell system, a supercapacitor energy storage system, a bus system, a main control system, a first DC-to-DC converter module, and a second DC-to-DC converter module.

[0028] The fuel cell system is electrically connected to the bus system via a first DC-DC converter module, and the supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to the fuel cell system, charging the supercapacitor energy storage system. The supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to both the bus system and the main control system via a second DC-DC converter module. The fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system are jointly connected to the bus system to form an integrated power supply system. The main control system, the first DC-DC converter module, the second DC-DC converter module, the fuel cell system, and the supercapacitor energy storage system communicate via a CAN bus. The bus system is used to connect loads. The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, and the supercapacitor energy storage system includes a first supercapacitor. The main control system is communicatively connected to both the first supercapacitor and the fuel cell, coordinating the power distribution between the fuel cell and the first supercapacitor. Specifically, the main control system dynamically adjusts the output voltage and charging power of the first DC-DC converter module and the second DC-DC converter module to coordinate the power distribution between the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system.

[0029] This invention provides a hybrid power system for an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell that integrates a supercapacitor. It overcomes the inherent characteristics of traditional lithium batteries, such as low output power and poor transient response. By adding a first supercapacitor, a hybrid power system of fuel cell and first supercapacitor can be achieved, which can meet the system's greater transient power limit requirements.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the start-up process of a fuel cell system shown in an embodiment of this application.

[0031] The fuel cell system includes a battery controller. The fuel cell is a hydrogen fuel cell. The battery controller includes a hydrogen inlet control valve, a hydrogen outlet control valve, a pressure sensor, and an intake fan. The fuel cell is connected to each of these valves. The hydrogen inlet and outlet control valves control the inlet and outlet of hydrogen in the fuel cell. Specifically, the fuel cell is connected to an external hydrogen cylinder. The inlet and outlet control valves control the amount of hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen cylinder to the fuel cell and the amount of excess hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell. The pressure sensor detects the pressure in the fuel cell. The battery controller also monitors fuel cell parameters, such as fuel cell temperature and fuel cell charge, to ensure normal operation of the fuel cell.

[0032] See Figure 2The fuel cell system also includes a supercapacitor voltage balancing system and a lithium battery system. The lithium battery system can supply power to the main control system before the fuel cell starts. The lithium battery system can also precharge the supercapacitor voltage balancing system before the fuel cell initialization is completed, so as to accelerate the start-up speed of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system with supercapacitor integration, reduce the voltage difference between various components in the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system with supercapacitor integration, and reduce the formation of electric arc when connecting various components.

[0033] The supercapacitor voltage balancing system includes a second supercapacitor, a pre-charging circuit, and a first function switching circuit. The pre-charging circuit is electrically connected to the lithium battery system, and the second supercapacitor is electrically connected to either the fuel cell or the pre-charging circuit via the first function switching circuit. Before fuel cell initialization is complete, the first function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the pre-charging circuit. The lithium battery system pre-charges the second supercapacitor through the pre-charging circuit to accelerate the start-up speed of the supercapacitor voltage balancing system and reduce the voltage difference between the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system, thus reducing the formation of electric arcs when the supercapacitor voltage balancing system is connected to other systems. After fuel cell initialization is complete, the first function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor back to the fuel cell, which then supplies power to the second supercapacitor. The addition of the second supercapacitor significantly improves the instantaneous output capability of the fuel cell and stabilizes the output voltage of the fuel cell system.

[0034] The supercapacitor voltage balancing system and the fuel cell are connected in parallel. Specifically, the second supercapacitor and the fuel cell are connected in parallel, which improves the transient characteristics of the fuel cell and enables the fuel cell to balance the voltage of the bus system when a large current output is required, so that the fuel cell does not need to be protected due to excessive current.

[0035] The second and first supercapacitors are supercapacitors. As pollution-free energy storage devices, they have the characteristics of rapid charging and discharging, high efficiency, and long lifespan, which greatly improves the energy reuse rate.

[0036] See Figure 1 The first supercapacitor is electrically connected to both the bus system and the main control system via a second DC-DC converter module. The first supercapacitor is used to balance the voltage of the bus system. When the first supercapacitor is connected in parallel with the fuel cell, it significantly improves the transient characteristics of the fuel cell, enabling it to balance the bus voltage when high current output is required, preventing the fuel cell from triggering protection due to excessive current. When the first supercapacitor is connected to the bus system via the second DC-DC converter module, it enhances the adaptability of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system incorporating the supercapacitor to load changes under high-power pulsating loads.

[0037] The supercapacitor energy storage system is independent of the second supercapacitor within the fuel cell system. The supercapacitor energy storage system includes a charging circuit and a second function switching circuit. The charging circuit is controlled by the main control system and can dynamically adjust the charging current based on the state of the supercapacitor energy storage system. Before fuel cell initialization is complete, the second function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the charging circuit. The lithium battery system pre-charges the first supercapacitor through the charging circuit. This pre-charging accelerates the start-up speed of the supercapacitor energy storage system and reduces the voltage difference between the supercapacitor energy storage system and the fuel cell system, thus reducing the formation of electric arcs when the supercapacitor energy storage system is connected to other systems. After fuel cell initialization is complete, the second function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor back to the fuel cell, which then supplies power to the first supercapacitor, thus completing the initialization of the entire supercapacitor energy storage system.

[0038] The fuel cell and supercapacitor energy storage system are connected in parallel. The output voltages of the fuel cell and the supercapacitor energy storage system are regulated by the main control system, and both systems can directly power the load. The voltage matching between the fuel cell and the first supercapacitor directly affects the efficiency and performance of the entire air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating the supercapacitor. The first supercapacitor, as an auxiliary power source, can quickly provide additional electrical energy when the vehicle needs rapid acceleration or hill climbing, achieving efficient power distribution.

[0039] By combining fuel cells with a second supercapacitor and a first supercapacitor to form a hybrid power system, the advantages of fuel cells, second supercapacitors and first supercapacitors are effectively integrated. Through precise power output control strategies, not only is the energy supply stability of the vehicle guaranteed, but the lifespan of the hydrogen fuel cell is also extended while improving power performance.

[0040] Corresponding to the aforementioned application function implementation method embodiments, this application also provides a vehicle and corresponding embodiments.

[0041] The vehicle includes an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating a supercapacitor. It also includes a communication system that acts as the information transmission link between the vehicle and a host computer, ensuring the real-time and accurate transmission of vehicle data. This system establishes a reliable connection with the host computer via wireless technology, rapidly transmitting pre-processed data through a stable connection to meet high standards for real-time monitoring and remote diagnostics. The wireless technology used can be one of 4G / 5G, Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth. The communication system adheres to communication protocols such as MQTT to ensure smooth data flow between different systems. It also possesses robust fault detection and response mechanisms, capable of promptly handling issues such as signal loss, interference, and connection interruptions to ensure continuous communication.

[0042] The vehicle also includes an anti-theft system, which improves vehicle security, reduces theft, and provides users with convenient vehicle management functions. The anti-theft system comprises hardware and software applications; specifically, the vehicle can be equipped with a GPS or BeiDou module, enabling the module to track the vehicle's location in real time. The anti-theft system features a motion detection module, which detects whether the vehicle has been moved. Any abnormal movement immediately triggers an alarm. When the anti-theft system detects unauthorized movement or tampering, the casing emits a high-decibel audible alarm.

[0043] Furthermore, users can remotely control the anti-theft system via a mobile application to receive alarm notifications or view vehicle location. Users can store vehicle location data through a cloud platform, providing access to historical vehicle trajectory queries and processing alarm information. To ensure the security of vehicle location and user information, the vehicle location data must be encrypted to prevent interception or tampering.

[0044] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating a supercapacitor, characterized in that, The system includes a fuel cell system, a supercapacitor energy storage system, a bus system, a main control system, a first DC-DC converter module, and a second DC-DC converter module. The fuel cell system is electrically connected to the bus system via the first DC-DC converter module, and the supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to the fuel cell system. The fuel cell system is used to charge the supercapacitor energy storage system. The supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to both the bus system and the main control system via the second DC-DC converter module. The main control system, the first DC-DC converter module, the second DC-DC converter module, the fuel cell system, and the supercapacitor energy storage system communicate with each other via a CAN bus. The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, the supercapacitor energy storage system includes a first supercapacitor, and the main control system is communicatively connected to the first supercapacitor and the fuel cell.

2. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating supercapacitors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell system also includes a battery controller. The fuel cell is a hydrogen fuel cell. The battery controller includes a hydrogen inlet control valve, a hydrogen outlet control valve, a pressure sensor, and an intake fan. The fuel cell is connected to the hydrogen inlet control valve, the hydrogen outlet control valve, the pressure sensor, and the intake fan, respectively.

3. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating a supercapacitor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fuel cell system also includes a supercapacitor voltage balancing system and a lithium battery system. The lithium battery system is used to power the main control system before the fuel cell starts up, and to precharge the supercapacitor voltage balancing system before the fuel cell initialization is completed.

4. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating a supercapacitor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The supercapacitor voltage balancing system includes a second supercapacitor, a pre-charging circuit, and a first function switching circuit; the pre-charging circuit is electrically connected to the lithium battery system, and the second supercapacitor is electrically connected to the fuel cell or the pre-charging circuit through the first function switching circuit.

5. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating a supercapacitor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The supercapacitor voltage balancing system and the fuel cell are connected in parallel.

6. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating a supercapacitor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first supercapacitor is electrically connected to the bus system and the main control system respectively through the second DC-DC conversion module.

7. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating a supercapacitor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The supercapacitor energy storage system includes a charging circuit and a second function switching circuit. Before the fuel cell initialization is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the charging circuit, and the lithium battery system pre-charges the first supercapacitor through the charging circuit. After the fuel cell initialization is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell supplies power to the first supercapacitor.

8. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating a supercapacitor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fuel cell and the supercapacitor energy storage system are connected in parallel.

9. A vehicle, characterized in that, Including the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system incorporating a supercapacitor as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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