Low-sidelobe X-waveband waveguide slot array antenna

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a low-sidelobe X-waveband waveguide slot array antenna. The antenna comprises an antenna array plane, the antenna array plane comprises a plurality of sub-array antennas which are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, each sub-array antenna is a waveguide slot array antenna, each waveguide slot array antenna is externally connected with a TR assembly, and the center-to-center distance d1 between every two adjacent waveguide slot antennas is 16mm; according to the technical requirements, horizontal polarization is achieved in the mode that an inclined slot is formed in the narrow side of a rectangular waveguide, finally, the design of the low-sidelobe horizontal polarization waveguide slot traveling wave array antenna is achieved, and the sidelobe level in the antenna working frequency range averagely meets the design target that the sidelobe level of a transmitting pitching face is lower than-12dB, the sidelobe level of a receiving pitching face is lower than-25dB, and the sidelobe level of the receiving pitching face is lower than-25dB. According to the invention, the side lobe level of the azimuth plane is lower than-25dB, the normal transmitting gain is greater than 35dBi (full-band), the receiving gain is greater than 33.5 dBi, and the antenna has the advantages of low side lobe, high gain and narrow beam, and is suitable for being applied to an X-band radar communication system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of antenna technology, specifically relating to a low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Modern electronic warfare requires receiving useful information in complex electromagnetic environments and under specific electromagnetic interference without being affected by clutter. This necessitates receiving and transmitting antennas with low sidelobes, high gain, and concentrated beam pointing to improve radar anti-jamming capabilities. Waveguide slot antennas possess these advantages. The low sidelobes of the antenna mean that the energy radiated in a more concentrated direction is less susceptible to ground clutter interference, effectively ensuring the integrity of the information transmitted by the transmitting and receiving antennas. Due to their compact structure, high radiation efficiency, and easy control of aperture amplitude distribution, waveguide slot antennas are widely used in shipborne, missile-borne, and navigation radar systems, as well as in microwave communications.

[0003] The antenna design of some existing X-band radar communication systems needs to meet the following requirements: the sidelobe level of the transmitting elevation plane is less than -12dB, the sidelobe level of the receiving elevation plane is less than -25dB, the sidelobe level of the azimuth plane is less than -25dB, the normal transmit gain is greater than 35dBi (full band), and the receive gain is greater than 33.5dBi. However, antenna designs that meet the above technical requirements often struggle to meet the requirements of low sidelobe, high gain, and narrow beam.

[0004] Based on this, the applicant is considering designing a low-sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna with low sidelobes, high gain, and narrow beam. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by this utility model is: how to provide a low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna with low sidelobe, high gain and narrow beam.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A low-sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna includes an antenna array surface, the antenna array surface including several equally spaced parallel sub-array antennas, each sub-array antenna being a waveguide slot array antenna, and each waveguide slot array antenna being externally connected to a TR component.

[0008] Each waveguide slot antenna is a hollow tubular shape. Each waveguide slot antenna has multiple radial slots that are axially inclined upward on its top side and communicate with its hollow interior. The radial slots on two adjacent waveguide slot antennas are symmetrical.

[0009] The working principle and advantages of a low-sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna in this technical solution are as follows:

[0010] Based on technical requirements, horizontal polarization is achieved by creating oblique slots on the narrow side of a rectangular waveguide, ultimately realizing the design of a low-sidelobe horizontally polarized waveguide slot traveling wave array antenna. The sidelobe voltages within the antenna's operating frequency range meet the design objectives: the sidelobe level on the transmitting elevation plane is below -12dB, the sidelobe level on the receiving elevation plane is below -25dB, the sidelobe level on the azimuth plane is below -25dB, the normal transmit gain is greater than 35dBi (full band), and the receive gain is greater than 33.5dBi. This antenna meets all performance requirements and has the advantages of low sidelobe, high gain, and narrow beam, making it suitable for application in X-band radar communication systems.

[0011] Furthermore, the center-to-center distance d1 between two adjacent waveguide slot antennas is 16 mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the distance d2 between two adjacent radial slits is 19.3 mm, the opening depth c of each radial slit is -19.42° to 19.43°, and the tilt angle r is 3.35 mm to 3.7 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, the hollow tubular waveguide slot antenna has a length of 1810 mm, a height of 25.4 mm, a width of 12.7 mm, and a wall thickness of 1.27 mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the multiple radial slots on each waveguide slot antenna satisfy a Taylor distribution by setting different cut depths c and tilt angles r.

[0015] Furthermore, the antenna array includes 16 waveguide slot array antennas.

[0016] Furthermore, each waveguide slot array antenna has 33 radial slots.

[0017] Furthermore, the waveguide slot array antenna is made of aluminum.

[0018] Furthermore, each waveguide slot antenna has several metal mounting blocks protruding from its bottom side. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 2Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the left-side view of the low-sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the waveguide slot array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0025] Figure 7 This is the source standing wave when the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna of this utility model is made of aluminum;

[0026] Figure 8 This is the E-plane radiation pattern of the antenna array under constant amplitude excitation when the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna is made of aluminum according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0027] Figure 9 This is the H-plane radiation pattern of the antenna array under constant amplitude excitation when the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna is made of aluminum according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0028] Figure 10 The diagram shows the E-plane, H-plane, sum and difference beam patterns, and deflection beam patterns of the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna at 9.2 GHz according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0029] Figure 11 The diagram shows the E-plane, H-plane, sum and difference beam patterns, and deflection beam patterns of the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna at 9.25 GHz according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0030] Figure 12 The diagram shows the E-plane, H-plane, sum and difference beams, and deflection beam patterns of the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna at 9.3 GHz according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0031] Figure 13 The diagram shows the E-plane, H-plane, sum and difference beam patterns, and deflection beam patterns of the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna at 9.35 GHz according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0032] Figure 14 The diagram shows the E-plane, H-plane, sum and difference beams, and deflection beam patterns of the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna at 9.4 GHz according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0033] Figure 15 The diagram shows the E-plane, H-plane, sum and difference beams, and deflection beam patterns of the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna at 9.45 GHz according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0034] Figure 16 The diagram shows the E-plane, H-plane, sum and difference beams, and deflection beam patterns of the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna at 9.5 GHz according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0035] Figure 17 The diagram shows the E-plane, H-plane, sum and difference beams, and deflection beam patterns of the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna at 9.55 GHz according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0036] Figure 18 The diagram shows the E-plane, H-plane, sum and difference beams, and deflection beam patterns of the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna at 9.6 GHz according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0037] Figure 19 The diagram shows the E-plane, H-plane, sum and difference beam patterns, and deflection beam patterns of the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna at 9.65 GHz according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0038] Figure 20 The diagram shows the E-plane, H-plane, sum and difference beams, and deflection beam patterns of the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna at 9.7 GHz according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0039] Figure 21 The diagram shows the E-plane, H-plane, sum and difference beam patterns, and deflection beam patterns of the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna at 9.75 GHz according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0040] Figure 22 The diagram shows the E-plane, H-plane, sum and difference beams, and deflection beam patterns of the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna at 9.8 GHz according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0041] In the above figures: 100, antenna array; 110, sub-array antenna; 111, radial slot; 112, metal mounting block. Detailed Implementation

[0042] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0043] Refer to together Figures 1-6 This embodiment provides a low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna, which includes an antenna array 100, the antenna array 100 including several equally spaced parallel sub-array antennas 110, each sub-array antenna 110 is a waveguide slot array antenna, and each waveguide slot array antenna is externally connected to a TR component.

[0044] Each waveguide slot antenna is a hollow tubular structure. Multiple sub-array antennas 111 are axially inclined and connected to the hollow interior of each waveguide slot antenna. The sub-array antennas 111 on two adjacent waveguide slot antennas are symmetrical.

[0045] In this embodiment, horizontal polarization is achieved by creating oblique slots on the narrow side of a rectangular waveguide, according to technical requirements. This ultimately realizes the design of a low-sidelobe horizontally polarized waveguide slot traveling wave array antenna. The sidelobe voltages within the antenna's operating frequency range meet the design objectives: the sidelobe level on the transmitting elevation plane is below -12dB, the sidelobe level on the receiving elevation plane is below -25dB, the sidelobe level on the azimuth plane is below -25dB, the normal transmit gain is greater than 35dBi (full band), and the receive gain is greater than 33.5dBi. This antenna meets all performance requirements and has the advantages of low sidelobe, high gain, and narrow beam, making it suitable for application in X-band radar communication systems.

[0046] Preferably, the center-to-center distance d1 between two adjacent waveguide slot antennas is 16 mm.

[0047] Preferably, the spacing d2 between two adjacent subarray antennas 111 is 19.3 mm, the cutting depth c of each subarray antenna 111 is -19.42° to 19.43°, and the tilt angle r is 3.35 mm to 3.7 mm.

[0048] Preferably, the hollow tubular waveguide slot antenna has a length of 1810 mm, a height of 25.4 mm, a width of 12.7 mm, and a wall thickness of 1.27 mm.

[0049] Preferably, the multiple subarray antennas 111 on each waveguide slot antenna satisfy a Taylor distribution by setting different cut depths c and tilt angles r.

[0050] Preferably, the antenna array 100 includes 16 waveguide slot array antennas.

[0051] Preferably, each waveguide slot array antenna has 33 sub-array antennas 111.

[0052] Preferably, the waveguide slot array antenna is made of aluminum.

[0053] Preferably, each waveguide slot antenna has several protruding metal mounting blocks 112 on its bottom side to facilitate the fixed installation of the waveguide slot antenna.

[0054] The waveguide slot array antenna model made of aluminum was simulated and compared through simulation calculations:

[0055] like Figure 7 As shown, the active standing wave is calculated by simulation of an aluminum waveguide slot array antenna.

[0056] like Figure 8 As shown, the simulation calculation of the constant amplitude excitation E-plane radiation pattern of the aluminum waveguide slot array antenna yields Table 1:

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] Table 1 Radiation characteristics of the E-plane radiation pattern of the antenna array under constant amplitude excitation.

[0060] like Figure 9 As shown, the simulation calculation of the equal-amplitude excitation H-plane radiation pattern of the aluminum waveguide slot array antenna yields Table 2:

[0061]

[0062] Table 2 Radiation characteristics of the H-plane radiation pattern of the antenna array under constant amplitude excitation

[0063] The simulation results show that the gain of the constant-amplitude excited antenna array is 36.19–36.632 dBi, and the beamwidth is between 1.16° and 1.31°. This meets the requirement that the transmit antenna array gain is greater than or equal to 35 dBi. Furthermore, the aluminum waveguide has a relatively small impact on the gain, beamwidth, and sidelobes of the array antenna.

[0064] like Figures 10-22 As shown, Figures 10-22 The E-plane and H-plane patterns, sum and difference beam patterns, and deflection beam patterns of the antenna array at different frequencies are shown. The influence of waveguide material on the radiation performance of the waveguide slot antenna is analyzed, and the following conclusions can be drawn:

[0065] 1) The overall active standing wave of the low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna is unaffected;

[0066] 2) The overall gain, beamwidth, and sidelobes of low-sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antennas are not significantly different.

[0067] 3) The low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna can be matched with the system to meet the performance requirements according to the system functional requirements and the sum and difference beams.

[0068] The antenna in this design is integrated, transmitting electromagnetic waves through a rectangular waveguide. By using slots of different tilt angles and depths on the narrow side of the waveguide to specify the amplitude distribution, low sidelobe energy radiation is achieved. The input end of the antenna is connected to a waveguide coaxial converter to realize coaxial transmission of microwave signals, which is compatible with the back-end transceiver channel. The output end is connected to a waveguide load to absorb the remaining energy radiated by the antenna, reduce reflection, and ensure the performance indicators of antenna pattern and voltage standing wave ratio.

[0069] The adjacent rows of subarray antennas 110 are symmetrically arranged to improve the cross-polarization isolation of the antenna array. At the same time, choke slots are set between adjacent subarray antennas 110 to reduce the coupling between adjacent subarray antennas 110 and enhance the accuracy of waveguide slot array antenna in multi-beam synthesis and angle measurement.

[0070] Waveguide slot array antennas can be machined in one piece using CNC machine tools. Through high-precision positioning with secondary clamping, the performance degradation of the antenna caused by machining errors is reduced, successfully solving the problems of antenna machining accuracy and installation accuracy. It also greatly reduces the design complexity of antenna mounting components, improves assembly efficiency, and saves production costs.

[0071] Specifically, waveguide slot array antennas can also be made of copper.

[0072] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model. It should be noted that any modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from this technical solution should also be considered to fall within the scope of protection claimed in this claim.

Claims

1. A low-sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna, characterized in that, The antenna array includes several equally spaced parallel sub-array antennas, each of which is a waveguide slot array antenna, and each waveguide slot array antenna is externally connected to a TR component. Each waveguide slot antenna is a hollow tubular shape. Each waveguide slot antenna has multiple radial slots that are axially inclined upward on its top side and communicate with its hollow interior. The radial slots on two adjacent waveguide slot antennas are symmetrical.

2. The low-sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center-to-center distance d1 between two adjacent waveguide slot antennas is 16 mm.

3. The low-sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance d2 between two adjacent radial slits is 19.3 mm, the opening depth c of each radial slit is -19.42° to 19.43°, and the tilt angle r is 3.35 mm to 3.7 mm.

4. The low sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow tubular waveguide slot antenna has a length of 1810 mm, a height of 25.4 mm, a width of 12.7 mm, and a wall thickness of 1.27 mm.

5. A low-sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple radial slots on each waveguide slot antenna satisfy a Taylor distribution by setting different cut depths c and tilt angles r.

6. The low-sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna array comprises 16 waveguide slot array antennas.

7. A low-sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each waveguide slot array antenna has 89 radial slots.

8. A low-sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide slot array antenna is made of aluminum.

9. A low-sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each waveguide slot antenna has several protruding metal mounting blocks on its bottom side.

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