Electric push rod

By combining a clutch and a Hall sensor to control the motor rotation, the problem of the electric push rod getting stuck on objects or people during the retraction process is solved, achieving a simple, stable and safe anti-pinch function.

CN223488016UActive Publication Date: 2025-10-28ZHEJIANG JIECHANG LINEAR MOTION TECH
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202422691964.7
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-11-05
Publication Date
2025-10-28
Estimated Expiration
2034-11-05

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing electric actuators are prone to trapping objects or people during the retraction of tubular telescopic components, resulting in complex structures, high costs, and easy failures.

Method used

A clutch is used to connect the transmission mechanism and the screw, a Hall sensor detects the rotation of the screw, and the controller controls the motor. By switching the clutch between the engaged and disengaged states, the screw is prevented from rotating. Combined with the design of the elastic part and the engagement block, an anti-pinch function is achieved.

Benefits of technology

With its simple structure, stable and effective use, it prevents objects or people from being caught, ensuring higher safety, and quickly restores the connection, reducing complexity and cost.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The utility model discloses an electric push rod which comprises a motor and a transmission mechanism. The screw rod is driven by the transmission mechanism to rotate, and the tubular telescopic component is driven by the rotation of the screw rod to do linear telescopic motion; the controller is used for controlling the motor; the electric push rod further comprises a clutch which is connected between the transmission mechanism and the lead screw and has a joint state used for keeping power transmission of the transmission mechanism and the lead screw and a separation state used for cutting off the power transmission of the transmission mechanism and the lead screw, and the lead screw is subjected to axial tension to enable the clutch to be switched into the separation state. And the Hall sensor is electrically connected to the controller and is used for detecting the rotary motion of the screw rod. When an object or a human body is clamped, the tubular telescopic component is prevented from clamping an obstacle again in a mode that the tubular telescopic component stops retracting and retreats, so that the safety is higher.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of linear actuators, and in particular to an electric linear actuator. Background Art

[0002] Electric linear actuators are widely used in furniture, medical equipment, solar power generation, and other fields. Their main structure includes a drive motor, an intermediate transmission mechanism, a lead screw, and a transmission nut. The working principle is that the drive motor starts and drives the lead screw to rotate through the intermediate transmission mechanism. The rotation of the lead screw drives the transmission nut to move axially. The transmission nut is generally connected to a tubular telescopic component, thereby realizing the telescopic movement of the tubular telescopic component.

[0003] In general, if an object or a person is caught in the tubular telescopic component during the retraction of an electric linear actuator, the control device on the electric linear actuator will stop the tubular telescopic component from retracting. However, this method requires a monitoring system and a circuit control system to control the actuator and transmission system, which is complex, costly, and prone to failure. Utility Model Content

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, this utility model provides an electric linear actuator, which has the advantages of simple structure and stable and effective use.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] An electric linear actuator, comprising:

[0007] Motors and transmission mechanisms; and,

[0008] A lead screw and a tubular telescopic component, wherein the lead screw is driven to rotate by a transmission mechanism, and the tubular telescopic component is driven to perform linear telescopic motion by the rotation of the lead screw; and,

[0009] The controller controls the motor;

[0010] The electric linear actuator also includes:

[0011] A clutch, connected between a transmission mechanism and a lead screw, has an engaged state for maintaining the power transmission between the transmission mechanism and the lead screw, and a disengaged state for cutting off the power transmission between the transmission mechanism and the lead screw, wherein the lead screw is subjected to axial tension to cause the clutch to switch to the disengaged state;

[0012] A Hall sensor, electrically connected to the controller, is used to detect the rotational movement of the lead screw.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, during normal operation, the motor's output power drives the lead screw to rotate through the transmission mechanism and the engaged clutch, thereby causing the tubular telescopic component to perform linear telescopic motion. When the tubular telescopic component retracts, if it clamps an object or a person, the component will be subjected to axial tension. This causes the clutch connected to the lead screw to disengage, preventing the motor's output power from being transmitted to the lead screw, thus preventing the lead screw from continuing to rotate and the tubular telescopic component from retracting. This prevents the object or person from being pulled back and injured, achieving anti-pinch protection in the mechanical structure. The structure is simple and the operation is stable and effective. When the clutch is disengaged and the lead screw stops rotating, the Hall sensor sends an electrical signal to the controller. The controller then controls the motor to rotate forward for a certain period. When the obstruction is removed from the tubular telescopic component, the clutch disengages and engages, causing the lead screw to rotate and thus extending the tubular telescopic component. This retraction mechanism prevents the tubular telescopic component from clamping the obstruction again, resulting in higher safety.

[0014] Optionally, the clutch includes a driving engagement member, a driven engagement member, and an elastic member; the driving engagement member is connected to the transmission mechanism; the driven engagement member is connected to the lead screw; when the driving engagement member and the driven engagement member are engaged, they remain circumferentially relatively fixed and can move axially relative to each other, allowing the lead screw to move in the extension direction of the tubular telescopic member when subjected to axial tension, thereby causing the driving engagement member and the driven engagement member to separate axially; the elastic member acts on the lead screw to maintain its force state in the retraction direction of the tubular telescopic member.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, during normal operation, the motor's output power drives the drive coupling to rotate forward through the transmission mechanism. The driven coupling, which meshes with the drive coupling, drives the lead screw to rotate, which in turn drives the tubular telescopic component to perform linear telescopic movement through the transmission nut. When the motor's output power drives the drive coupling to rotate in the opposite direction, the tubular telescopic component retracts. If an object or person is caught in this process, the tubular telescopic component will be subjected to axial tension. This causes the lead screw and the driven coupling connected to the tubular telescopic component to move outward together. At this point, the driven coupling and the drive coupling separate, the motor's output power cannot be transmitted to the lead screw, the lead screw cannot continue to rotate, and the tubular telescopic component cannot retract. Thus, the object or person will not be pulled back and injured. When the obstruction disengages from the tubular telescopic component, under the action of the elastic element, the driven coupling engages with the drive coupling, thereby driving the lead screw to rotate. This achieves anti-pinch in the mechanical structure and quickly restores the connection. The structure is simple and the use is stable and effective.

[0016] Optionally, the driving engagement member has a first engagement block parallel to its axial direction; the driven engagement member has a second engagement block parallel to its axial direction; the first engagement block and the second engagement block cooperate with each other to achieve engagement of the driving engagement member and the driven engagement member.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the engagement is achieved through the first and second joint blocks that are parallel to each other in the axial direction. The connection and separation of the driving joint and the driven joint are realized when they move relative to each other in the axial direction. This results in a simple structure and high connection and separation efficiency.

[0018] Optionally, at least one of the first and second joining blocks has a joining guide surface to guide the first and second joining blocks to join.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the presence of the engagement guide surface makes the connection between the engagement blocks on the driving engagement member and the driven engagement member smoother during engagement.

[0020] Optionally, the driving engagement member and the driven engagement member are engaged by a ratchet mechanism.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the driving engagement component and the driven engagement component are engaged by a ratchet mechanism; this makes the clutch more smoothly disengaged and engaged, preventing situations where disengagement and engagement are impossible.

[0022] Optionally, the ratchet teeth of the driving engagement member and the driven engagement member are respectively the first engagement block and the second engagement block; the inclined surface of the ratchet teeth is the engagement guide surface; the angle between the engagement guide surface and the axial direction of the driving engagement member and the driven engagement member is 20-65 degrees.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the inclined surface of the ratchet is at an angle of 20-65 degrees to the axial direction of the driving engagement member and the driven engagement member, so that the ratchet is less likely to slip when engaged, which is conducive to the normal transmission of torque.

[0024] Optionally, the driving coupling and the driven coupling are engaged by a pointed spline.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the driving and driven components are engaged via a pointed spline method. This allows for smoother clutch disengagement and engagement, preventing situations where disengagement or engagement fails. Furthermore, the pointed spline method can withstand greater torque compared to the ratchet method, and it is also simpler to manufacture.

[0026] Optionally, the key teeth of the driving engagement member and the driven engagement member are respectively the first engagement block and the second engagement block; one end of the key tooth is formed with a sharp corner and the inclined surface of the sharp corner is the engagement guide surface.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, when the driven engagement member approaches the driving engagement member, the sharp corners of the key teeth can guide the key teeth on the driven engagement member and the driving engagement member to engage quickly, resulting in a smoother connection.

[0028] Optionally, the transmission mechanism includes a planetary gear reducer or a worm gear structure, with the sun gear or worm as the input component and the planetary gear carrier or worm as the output component; the output component is connected to the drive coupling component in a transmission manner.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solutions, planetary gear reducers or worm gear structures can achieve speed reduction and torque increase to withstand greater loads.

[0030] Optionally, the lead screw passes through the drive coupling; the drive coupling and the output component are circumferentially fixed and axially movable; the tail of the electric push rod is provided with a thrust bearing, which abuts against the tail pull of the electric push rod; the axial thrust borne by the lead screw passes through the output component and reaches the thrust bearing directly through the clutch.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, since the drive coupling and the output component are circumferentially fixed and axially movable, the axial thrust borne by the electric push rod will not be transmitted to the output component through the lead screw, but will instead be transmitted directly to the thrust bearing through the clutch. The thrust bearing replaces the gearbox housing in bearing the force, making the gearbox housing less prone to deformation and avoiding affecting the connection of components inside the gearbox.

[0032] Optionally, the output component is provided with a stop ring; a stop member is connected to one end of the lead screw near the tail; the stop ring is located at the end of the drive engagement member away from the stop member; the elastic member provides a thrust that pushes the stop member and the drive engagement member away from each other.

[0033] By adopting the above technical solution, the elastic element is set at the end of the lead screw, which facilitates assembly; the function of the elastic element ensures that the drive engagement part always abuts against the stop ring, that is, the drive engagement part and the output part are always in a normal transmission connection state, which is beneficial to the transmission of torque; in addition, when the lead screw is subjected to axial tension, the elastic element increases the thrust on the drive engagement part, making it more difficult for the drive engagement part to detach from the output part. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0035] Figure 2This is a top view of the structure of Embodiment 1 of this utility model, omitting the upper shell.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the separation of the driving coupling and the driven coupling in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the drive connector and driven connector near the end of Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0042] 10. Gearbox; 11. Upper housing; 12. Lower housing; 13. Motor cover; 14. Tail extension; 15. Outer tube;

[0043] 20. Electric motor;

[0044] 30. Transmission mechanism; 31. Worm gear; 32. Worm wheel; 321. Support ring column; 322. Stop ring;

[0045] 40. Clutch; 41. Driven engagement component; 42. Driving engagement component; 421. Key tooth; 422. Inclined surface; 423. Racket tooth; 424. Inclined surface; 43. Elastic component;

[0046] 50. Brake torsion spring;

[0047] 70. Lead screw; 71. Limit screw; 72. Retaining ring;

[0048] 80. Transmission nut;

[0049] 90. Tubular telescopic components;

[0050] 100. Hall effect sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following are attached Figure 1-7 The present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0052] Example 1: A type of electric linear actuator is disclosed, with reference to... Figure 1 and Figure 2The system includes a controller, a housing, a motor 20, a transmission mechanism 30, a lead screw 70, a transmission nut 80, and a tubular telescopic component 90. The housing includes a gearbox 10, a motor housing 13, and an outer tube 15. The motor housing 13, the outer tube 15, and the tail pull 12 are respectively connected to the gearbox 10. The gearbox 10 includes an upper shell 11 and a lower shell 12. The upper shell 11 and the lower shell 12 are connected by bolts to form the gearbox 10. One end of the outer tube 15 is clamped by the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 12. One end of the tail pull 12 is clamped by the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 12. The motor 20 is located inside the motor housing 13. The output power of motor 20 is transmitted to lead screw 70 through transmission mechanism 30 and clutch 40; transmission mechanism 30 and clutch 40 are located in gearbox 10; lead screw 70 is threadedly connected to transmission nut 80; tubular telescopic component 90 is threadedly connected to transmission nut 80; transmission nut 80 is axially slidably located in outer tube 15; tubular telescopic component 90 is axially telescopically located in outer tube 15; controller is used to control motor 20 to rotate forward or reverse. When motor 20 rotates forward, tubular telescopic component 90 extends; when motor 20 rotates in reverse, tubular telescopic component 90 retracts.

[0053] refer to Figure 4 The transmission mechanism 30 includes a worm gear 31 and a worm wheel 32 that mesh with each other; the worm gear 31 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 20; the worm wheel 32 is connected to the clutch 40 and rotatably connected within the gearbox 10 via bearings; in this case, the worm gear 31 is the input component of the transmission mechanism 30, and the worm wheel 32 is the output component of the transmission mechanism 30. In other embodiments, the transmission mechanism 30 includes a planetary gear reducer, which refers to existing structures; the sun gear of the planetary gear reducer is coaxially and fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 20, serving as the input component; the planet carrier of the planetary gear assembly serves as the output component and is connected to the clutch 40; additionally, the transmission mechanism 30 includes a gear reduction assembly; the driving gear of the gear reduction assembly is coaxially and fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 20, serving as the input component; the driven gear of the gear reduction assembly serves as the output component and is connected to the clutch 40.

[0054] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4The clutch 40 includes a driving engagement member 42, a driven engagement member 41, and an elastic member 43; the worm gear 32 has a coaxially penetrating annular cylindrical support ring column 321; the driving engagement member 42 and the support ring column 321 of the worm gear 32 are coaxially connected by a spline, so that the worm gear 32 and the driving engagement member 42 are relatively fixed and parallel in their axial directions. The rotating worm gear 32 can drive the driving engagement member 42 to rotate, but the axial thrust on the driving engagement member 42 will not be transmitted to the worm gear 32; the driven engagement member 41 is coaxially sleeved on the lead screw 70 and the two are interference-fitted. In other embodiments, the drive coupling 42 and the worm gear 32 can also be coupled via an axial hole pin. In this case, one of the drive coupling 42 and the worm gear 32 is formed with a hole that is not coaxial with both but axially parallel, and the other is formed with a pin that mates with it. In order to improve the rotational stability of the drive coupling 42, the drive coupling 42 and the tail pull 12 are connected by a bearing. This way, the bearings of the worm gear 32 and the gearbox 10 can be coupled together, which can reduce the number of bearings used, thereby reducing the size of the gearbox 10, while providing rotational support for the worm gear 32 and the drive coupling 42.

[0055] refer to Figures 3-5 The end of the lead screw 70 near the tail pull 12 coaxially passes through the drive coupling 42 and is connected to a stop member at this end; the stop member includes a retaining ring 72; the retaining ring 72 is fixed to the end of the lead screw 70 by a limiting screw 71; the elastic element 43 is a compression spring, and in other embodiments, the elastic element 43 may also be a disc spring or a rubber spring; the end of the drive coupling 42 near the tail pull 12 is formed with a cylindrical elastic element mounting groove; the compression spring is sleeved on the lead screw 70, with one end abutting against the retaining ring 72 and the other end abutting against the inner sidewall of the elastic element mounting groove, so that the compression spring provides a thrust that pushes the retaining ring 72 and the drive coupling 42 away from each other. In order to ensure the connection stability between the drive coupling 42 and the worm gear 32, a stop ring 322 is formed on the inner cylindrical surface of the support ring column 321 of the worm gear 32, and the stop ring 322 is located on the side of the drive coupling 42 away from the compression spring, so that the drive coupling 42 is not easy to disengage from the worm gear 32.

[0056] refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6The driven coupling 41 and the driving coupling 42 are joined by a pointed spline, meaning that the ends of the driven coupling 41 and the driving coupling 42 that are close to each other are formed with key teeth 421, and the engaging ends of the key teeth 421 are formed with pointed corners. When the driven coupling 41 and the driving coupling 42 are engaged, the torque is transmitted through the abutting key teeth 421, so the torque transmission is smooth and can withstand a large torque. During the engagement process of the driven coupling 41 and the driving coupling 42, the inclined surface 422 of the pointed corner guides the key teeth 421 to engage quickly, making the engagement smoother. Of course, it is not necessary for all the key teeth 421 to have pointed corners; pointed corners can also be machined on the key teeth 421 of the driven coupling 41 or on the key teeth 421 of the driven coupling 41.

[0057] refer to Figure 2 A Hall sensor 100 is installed inside the gearbox 10; the Hall sensor 100 is used to detect the rotational speed of the lead screw 70; the Hall sensor 100 is electrically connected to the controller.

[0058] Working principle of Example 1: When the tubular telescopic component 90 extends, the motor 20 rotates forward, and after deceleration and torque increase through the worm gear 31 and worm wheel 32, it drives the drive coupling 42 to rotate. The drive coupling 42 drives the lead screw 70 to rotate through the driven coupling 41 connected to it. The lead screw 70 drives the transmission nut 80 screwed to it to slide axially along the outer tube 15. The transmission nut 80 drives the tubular telescopic component 90 to extend. When the tubular telescopic component 90 retracts, the motor 20 reverses, and drives the tubular telescopic component 90 to retract through the above working principle.

[0059] During the retraction of the tubular telescopic component 90, when it clamps an object or a person, the component experiences axial tension. This causes the drive nut 80, driven engagement 41, lead screw 70, and driven engagement 41 to move outward together, separating the driven engagement 41 from the drive engagement 42. This prevents the output power of the motor 20 from being transmitted to the lead screw 70, causing it to stop rotating and preventing the clamped object or person from being pulled back and causing damage. At this time, the Hall sensor 100 detects that the lead screw 70's rotation speed is zero. The controller then controls the motor 20 to change from reverse rotation to forward rotation and continue rotating for a period of time. When the object or person is removed, due to the action of the elastic element 43, the lead screw 70 moves axially inward, causing the driven engagement 41 to re-engage with the drive engagement 42. The output power of the motor 20 drives the lead screw 70 to rotate forward, thereby extending the tubular telescopic component 90 through the drive nut 80. This retraction mechanism prevents the tubular telescopic component 90 from clamping an obstacle again, enhancing safety.

[0060] Example 2: The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is as follows: (Refer to...) Figure 7The driven engagement member 41 and the driving engagement member 42 are connected at their close ends by a ratchet mechanism. That is, both the driven engagement member 41 and the driving engagement member 42 have ratchet teeth 423 formed at their close ends. The angle between the inclined surface 424 of the ratchet teeth 423 and the axial direction of the driven engagement member 41 and the driving engagement member 42 is 20-65 degrees. Under the action of the elastic member 43, the driven engagement member 41 and the driving engagement member 42 are engaged together by the ratchet teeth 423 to transmit torque. Since the angle between the inclined surface 424 of the ratchet teeth 423 and the axial direction of the driven engagement member 41 and the driving engagement member 42 is 20-65 degrees, the two are not prone to slippage during the torque transmission process, thus achieving stable torque transmission. During the process of the driven engagement member 41 and the driving engagement member 42 approaching each other, the inclined surface 424 of the ratchet teeth 423 guides the ratchet teeth 423 of the driven engagement member 41 and the driving engagement member 42 to engage quickly, making the engagement smoother.

[0061] In Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, the ratchet 423 and the key tooth 421 serve as engagement blocks parallel to the axial direction of the driven engagement member 41 and the driving engagement member 42 to connect the driven engagement member 41 and the driving engagement member 42. The inclined surface 424 of the ratchet 423 and the inclined surface 422 of the tip of the key tooth 421 serve as engagement guide surfaces to guide the engagement. In other embodiments, the engagement blocks on the driven engagement member 41 and the driving engagement member 42 can be different. For example, the driving engagement member 42 uses an isosceles triangular block as the first engagement block, and the driven engagement member 41 uses a pointed key tooth as the second engagement block. When engaging, the tip of the first engagement block is inserted between an adjacent pair of pointed key teeth, and the inclined surface of the tip of the first engagement block abuts against the inclined surface of the tip of the second engagement block.

[0062] Example 3: The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that a torsion spring brake is provided between the support ring column 321 and the tail pull 12, and the torsion spring brake includes a brake torsion spring 50; both the support ring column 321 and the tail pull 12 are formed with connecting slots that mate with the ends of the brake torsion spring 50; the brake torsion spring 50 is sleeved on the support ring column 321 and its two ends are respectively inserted into the connecting slots of the support ring column 321 and the tail pull 12. When the tubular telescopic component 90 extends, the support ring column 321 rotates forward, causing the brake torsion spring 50 to release; when the tubular telescopic component 90 retracts, the support ring column 321 rotates in reverse, causing the brake torsion spring 50 to tighten, so as to balance part of the load torque and reduce the force on the transmission mechanism 30.

[0063] Example 4: The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that, in order to avoid stress on the housing of the gearbox 10, a thrust bearing is installed on the tail pull 12, and the drive coupling 42 abuts against the thrust bearing 60. Thus, when the lead screw 70 bears axial thrust, the axial thrust is directly transmitted to the thrust bearing through the driven coupling 41 and the drive coupling 42, thereby preventing stress on the housing of the gearbox 10, reducing the likelihood of deformation, and thus not affecting the connection of components within the gearbox 10.

[0064] The above are all preferred embodiments of this utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape and principle of this utility model should be covered within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. An electric linear actuator, comprising: Motors and transmission mechanisms; as well as, A lead screw and a tubular telescopic component, wherein the lead screw is driven to rotate by a transmission mechanism, and the tubular telescopic component is driven to perform linear telescopic motion by the rotation of the lead screw; as well as, The controller controls the motor; Its characteristic is that the electric actuator further includes: A clutch, connected between a transmission mechanism and a lead screw, has an engaged state for maintaining the power transmission between the transmission mechanism and the lead screw, and a disengaged state for cutting off the power transmission between the transmission mechanism and the lead screw, wherein the lead screw is subjected to axial tension to cause the clutch to switch to the disengaged state; A Hall sensor, electrically connected to the controller, is used to detect the rotational movement of the lead screw.

2. The electric linear actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clutch includes a driving engagement member, a driven engagement member, and an elastic member; the driving engagement member is connected to the transmission mechanism; the driven engagement member is connected to the lead screw; when the driving engagement member and the driven engagement member are engaged, they remain circumferentially fixed and can move axially relative to each other, allowing the lead screw to move in the extension direction of the tubular telescopic member when subjected to axial tension, thereby causing the driving engagement member and the driven engagement member to separate axially; the elastic member acts on the lead screw to maintain its force state in the retraction direction of the tubular telescopic member.

3. An electric linear actuator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving engagement member has a first engagement block parallel to its axial direction; the driven engagement member has a second engagement block parallel to its axial direction; the first engagement block and the second engagement block cooperate with each other to achieve the engagement of the driving engagement member and the driven engagement member.

4. An electric linear actuator according to claim 3, characterized in that: At least one of the first and second joint blocks has a joint guide surface to guide the first and second joint blocks to join together.

5. An electric linear actuator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The driving engagement member and the driven engagement member are engaged by a ratchet mechanism.

6. An electric linear actuator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ratchet teeth of the driving engagement member and the driven engagement member are respectively the first engagement block and the second engagement block; the inclined surface of the ratchet teeth is the engagement guide surface; the angle between the engagement guide surface and the axial direction of the driving engagement member and the driven engagement member is 20-65 degrees.

7. An electric linear actuator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The driving coupling and the driven coupling are engaged by a pointed spline.

8. An electric linear actuator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The key teeth of the driving engagement member and the driven engagement member are respectively the first engagement block and the second engagement block; one end of the key tooth is formed with a sharp corner and the inclined surface of the sharp corner is the engagement guide surface.

9. An electric linear actuator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism includes a planetary gear reducer or a worm gear structure, with the sun gear or worm as the input component and the planetary gear carrier or worm as the output component; the output component is connected to the drive coupling component in a transmission manner.

10. An electric linear actuator according to claim 9, characterized in that: The lead screw passes through the drive coupling; the drive coupling and the output component are circumferentially fixed and axially movable; the tail of the electric push rod is provided with a thrust bearing, which abuts against the tail pull of the electric push rod; the axial thrust borne by the lead screw passes through the output component and reaches the thrust bearing through the clutch.

11. An electric linear actuator according to claim 10, characterized in that: The output component is provided with a stop ring; the end of the lead screw near the tail is connected to a stop member; the stop ring is located at the end of the drive engagement member away from the stop member; the elastic member provides a thrust that pushes the stop member and the drive engagement member away from each other.

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