Intelligent maintenance and compression resistance integrated detection system for concrete test piece

Abstract

The utility model discloses an intelligent maintenance and compression resistance integrated detection system for a concrete test piece, which comprises a test piece maintenance area, a test piece warehouse-in and warehouse-out area, a test piece detection area and a waste residue cleaning area, the test piece maintenance area is a closed area formed by walls, and the test piece maintenance area is provided with a plurality of openings communicated with the test piece warehouse-in and warehouse-out area; unqualified test pieces are screened out through laser ranging before the test pieces are put in storage, the test piece in-out storage area is communicated with the test piece detection area, the test piece detection area is communicated with the waste residue cleaning area, a temperature and humidity control device and a monitoring device are arranged in the test piece maintenance area, and the temperature and humidity control device is used for adjusting the humidity and temperature of the test piece maintenance area in real time; the monitoring device is used for monitoring the state of the test piece and the humidity and temperature of the test piece maintenance area in real time. The temperature and humidity control device and the monitoring device are arranged to monitor and adjust the temperature and humidity of the test piece maintenance area in real time and observe the test piece condition, and the test piece is marked before maintenance, so that the traceability of the test piece in the whole period is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of concrete testing technology, and more specifically, to an integrated intelligent curing and compressive strength testing system for concrete specimens. Background Technology

[0002] The commonly used test method for evaluating concrete performance is the specimen compressive strength test. This method not only provides engineers with a benchmark for measuring concrete strength but is also a crucial step in ensuring project quality and safety. In the traditional manual operation mode, performing a specimen compressive strength test requires following a series of steps: First, the specimen must be manually removed from the curing location and its surface cleaned to ensure the accuracy of the test results. Second, the specimen is placed on the lower platen or pad of the testing machine, and the machine is started. As the upper platen gradually approaches the specimen or steel pad, the operator must adjust it in a timely manner to ensure balanced contact between the two, which is another crucial step in ensuring the accuracy of the test data. Throughout the test, the load must be applied continuously and uniformly to the concrete specimen to simulate the stress state in actual use and to assess its strength grade. When the specimen approaches the failure point and begins to show signs of rapid deformation, the throttle adjustment of the testing machine should be stopped immediately until the specimen is completely destroyed. At this point, the load value at failure must be accurately recorded. Finally, based on these recorded data, calculations are performed to determine the test results of the concrete compressive strength, providing a scientific basis for engineering design and construction.

[0003] However, traditional testing equipment and methods, due to their low efficiency, are gradually showing signs of being incompatible with the on-site construction progress. For testing agencies and on-site laboratories in all engineering construction projects, the daily workload involves a large number of concrete specimens, including preparation, data collection, warehousing, retrieval, testing, and cleaning. This work is not only labor-intensive, but the quality of completion often varies from person to person, and the entire process is time-consuming, making it difficult to improve efficiency. The maximum number of specimens that can be processed for compressive strength testing per day is only about 50 sets. Traditional manual operation methods are clearly insufficient to meet the huge demand for compressive strength testing during peak construction periods. Therefore, exploring and applying more efficient and intelligent testing methods has become an urgent need to improve project quality, accelerate construction progress, and ensure project safety. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model aims to overcome at least one of the defects of the prior art and provides an intelligent integrated testing system for the curing and compressive strength of concrete specimens, which solves the problem of low efficiency in information collection, storage, retrieval, testing and cleaning of specimens.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is an integrated intelligent curing and compressive strength testing system for concrete specimens, including a specimen curing area, a specimen entry / exit area, and a specimen testing area. The specimen curing area is a closed area composed of walls. The wall facing the specimen entry / exit area consists of two walls, each with multiple openings connecting to the specimen entry / exit area. The specimen entry / exit area is connected to the specimen testing area. A temperature and humidity control device and a monitoring device are installed in the specimen curing area. The temperature and humidity control device is used to adjust the humidity and temperature of the specimen curing area in real time, and the monitoring device is used to monitor the status of the specimens and the humidity and temperature of the specimen curing area in real time.

[0006] The specimen curing area is enclosed by sturdy walls, forming a fully enclosed management space to ensure a stable curing environment. Openings in the walls connect to the specimen entry and exit areas, facilitating specimen transportation. A temperature and humidity control device can adjust the humidity and temperature of the curing environment in real time, providing the most suitable curing conditions for the specimens. Furthermore, a comprehensive monitoring system composed of multiple sensors is installed, which not only monitors the status of the specimens in real time but also continuously monitors the humidity and temperature of the curing area, allowing for real-time control of the specimen curing process. This invention achieves intelligent management of concrete specimens from curing to testing, greatly improving testing efficiency and accuracy.

[0007] To achieve full automation and efficient management of the entire process, the system also includes a waste cleaning area. This area comprises a waste conveyor belt and a waste collection box. The conveyor belt is positioned on one side of the specimen testing area, and the waste collection box is located at one end of the conveyor belt's conveying direction. During operation, the conveyor belt transports the waste generated after specimen testing and collects it into the waste collection box, achieving immediate waste cleaning and completing the cleaning process. After cleaning is complete, testing continues until the machine receives a stop command or all cured test specimens have been tested, at which point the system issues a termination command to end the operation.

[0008] To achieve full automation of specimen curing and minimize the impact of temperature and humidity on the curing area, the specimen curing area includes shelves, shielded doors, and transition doors. An aisle exists between every two shelves, extending through the opening to the specimen entry / exit area. The shielded doors are located in openings in the wall facing the specimen entry / exit area, and the transition doors are located in openings in the wall facing the curing area. The shelves are used to store specimens, which are placed on system-assigned shelves. Upon retrieval, the specimens are retrieved from the shelves according to system instructions. The shielded doors isolate the curing area from the entry / exit area, ensuring that the temperature and humidity in the curing area remain within the specified range. The transition door is closed when the shielding door is opened to prevent external air from convection with the air in the specimen curing area, which would affect the temperature and humidity in the specimen curing area. In addition, the transition door and the shielding door form a transition zone. When the specimen is transported to the specimen curing area, the shielding door is opened first, and the transition door is closed at this time. After entering the transition zone, the shielding door is closed, and the specimen passes through the transition door. This reduces the impact on temperature and humidity.

[0009] To achieve traceability throughout the entire sample lifecycle and automation of sample entry and exit, the sample entry and exit area includes turnover cabinets, a stacker crane, an information acquisition platform, and an exit platform. Each group consists of two aisles. The turnover cabinets are located on either side of one group of aisles, while the information acquisition platform and the exit platform are located between them. The information acquisition platform faces the sample curing area, and the exit platform faces the sample testing area. Before entering the system, samples are placed in turnover cabinets. AVG vehicles transport the cabinets from the outside to the system. The stacker crane removes the samples from the cabinets and transports them to the information acquisition platform for dimensional measurement. The measurement results are then uploaded. The system imports the sample delivery list, generates sample information and a QR code. The sample information includes the sample number, construction unit, design strength, sampling location, and molding date. After laser measurement of the sample dimensions, the dimensions are added to the sample information, generating a sample information QR code. A QR code sticker is printed and affixed to the corresponding sample to mark it. When the test specimens are taken out of the warehouse, the stacker crane will take them from the shelf and transport them to the outbound platform, which is used to transport the test specimens to the test specimen testing area.

[0010] To automate the specimen compression testing and waste recycling, the specimen testing area includes a transfer robot, a rotating platform, a testing platform, a sample injection cylinder, and a press. The transfer robot is located on the outgoing platform, the rotating platform is located on one side of the outgoing platform, and the testing platforms are located at both ends of the rotating platform. Conveyor belts are provided on one side of the testing platform and the rotating platform to transport the specimen from the rotating platform to the front of the testing platform. The press is located above the testing platform, the sample injection cylinder is located on one side of the testing platform, and the waste conveyor belt is located on the other side of the testing platform. During specimen testing, the transfer robot on the outgoing platform picks up the specimen from the outgoing platform and transfers it to the rotating platform. The system allocates an available press to the specimen based on its status. The rotating platform transports the specimen to the front of the testing platform via the conveyor belt, the sample injection cylinder pushes the specimen from the conveyor belt onto the testing platform, and the press is activated to perform the pressure test. After the test is completed, the press uploads the test results to the system, the system updates the specimen information, and at the same time the injection cylinder is restarted to push the waste residue to the waste conveyor belt in the waste cleaning area, thus completing the pressure test of the specimen and the waste cleaning process.

[0011] The system also includes a storage control device, which controls the operation of temperature and humidity control devices, monitoring devices, stacker cranes, shielded doors, an information acquisition platform, transfer robots, a transfer platform, sample injection cylinders, a press, and a waste conveyor belt. During curing, the storage control device receives and analyzes data uploaded by the monitoring devices, and activates the temperature and humidity control device according to the analysis results to regulate the temperature and humidity within the specimen curing area.

[0012] The information acquisition platform is equipped with a laser rangefinder, and the platform uses laser measurement technology to measure the size of the specimen.

[0013] To mark the specimens before curing, the information collection platform is equipped with a robotic arm. Before curing, the system first imports the sample delivery list, generates specimen information and QR codes. The specimen information can be obtained by scanning the QR code, and the robotic arm is started to paste the QR code onto the corresponding specimen to mark it.

[0014] The curing of specimens has certain requirements for environmental conditions, especially in terms of temperature and humidity. A temperature range of 18℃~22℃ and a humidity range of 95%~100% are considered to be more suitable. In order to ensure that the specimens can be cured in the optimal environment, the temperature and humidity control device controls the temperature range of 20℃±2℃ and the humidity of more than 95% to achieve precise environmental control.

[0015] To ensure ideal temperature and humidity conditions are maintained in the specimen curing area, a transition zone exists between the shielding door and the transition door to reduce the impact of the stacker crane entering and exiting the curing area on temperature and humidity. The shielding door is a stainless steel insulated door, and the transition door is an air curtain door. The stainless steel insulated door has excellent sealing and insulation properties, effectively isolating the specimens from outside air. When the stacker crane enters or exits the curing area, it first passes through the shielding door, at which point the air curtain door is closed, and the curing area remains isolated from the outside. Once the stacker crane enters the transition zone, the shielding door closes, further isolating the curing area, while the air curtain door remains closed. The air curtain door then opens, allowing the stacker crane to enter the curing area. This minimizes the impact of external airflow on temperature and humidity within the curing area, ensuring the specimens are cured in the optimal environment.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0017] 1. Real-time control of temperature and humidity

[0018] The monitoring device can monitor the temperature and humidity of the specimen curing area. When the temperature or humidity exceeds the preset range, the information is fed back to the warehouse control system, which then controls the temperature and humidity control device to adjust the temperature and humidity to ensure that they are within the preset range.

[0019] 2. Real-time monitoring:

[0020] The monitoring device is converted into a sensor to monitor the status of the test specimens, the temperature and humidity of the specimen curing area in real time. When changes occur, the sensor feeds back to the storage control device, which analyzes the data and issues instructions to control other devices to respond accordingly.

[0021] 3. The specimens are fully traceable throughout their lifecycle (including the curing environment).

[0022] The entire lifecycle of the specimens is managed through information technology. From specimen registration, warehousing, outbound, testing, to disposal, the entire process is managed through information technology and is fully traceable. The location and curing information of the specimens can be accurately reflected through the WCS (Warehouse Control System) and sample management system. It has a complete environmental traceability chain for testing, and managers can monitor the dynamics of the specimens in real time.

[0023] 4. Innovation in the method of specimen entry and exit from the warehouse

[0024] The system is equipped with two AGVs, three transfer racks, and two tracks, enabling simultaneous outbound and inbound operations. It can also perform overlapping outbound and inbound operations based on the workload, ensuring no interference and doubling efficiency. A laser ranging test block is added to the palletizer's inspection platform track for inbound testing, allowing for the measurement of test piece dimensions and reducing human error.

[0025] 5. Improve specimen cleaning methods based on practical applications.

[0026] The dual-track system of the palletizer has been optimized by adding a mechanical pusher arm to push the tested specimens to the conveyor belt. This effectively solves problems such as cleaning the lower pressure plate and the inability to use the mechanical arm to remove the specimens after they have cracked (the Shiziyang project has a large number of high-strength concrete specimens that cracked after being tested for compression).

[0027] 6. The first dual-production-line pressure testing machine in the province (the first construction site laboratory in the province to apply this technology).

[0028] The system is equipped with one dispatcher and two pressure testing lines, theoretically capable of completing 160 sets / units of pressure testing per day (based on eight hours). Manual one-click outbound processing is possible, and the system can automatically outbound and test the entire process after a set time. Testing personnel can issue outbound / inbound tasks with a single click from the management console, and the system processes them in batches, completing the tasks without human intervention, ensuring high efficiency and reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the curing area of ​​the specimen in this utility model.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the specimen entry and exit area of ​​this utility model.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the test area of ​​the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the waste residue cleaning area of ​​this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this invention. To better illustrate the following embodiments, some components in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] like Figure 1As shown in the figure, this embodiment of an intelligent integrated curing and compressive strength testing system for concrete specimens includes a specimen curing area 100, a specimen entry / exit area 200, a specimen testing area 300, and a waste cleaning area 400. The specimen curing area 100 is a closed area composed of walls. The wall facing the specimen entry / exit area 200 consists of two walls, each with multiple openings. These openings communicate with the specimen entry / exit area 200, the specimen entry / exit area 200, and the specimen testing area 300. The specimen testing area also communicates with the waste cleaning area 400. The specimen curing area 100 is used for specimen curing, the specimen entry / exit area 200 is used for transporting specimens into and out of the storage area, the specimen testing area 300 is used for testing the compressive strength of the specimens, and the waste cleaning area 400 is used for cleaning the waste generated after the specimens undergo compressive strength testing. The specific process of specimen curing and pressure resistance cleaning is as follows: the specimen is transported into the warehouse through the specimen entry and exit area 200 and then conveyed to the specimen curing area 100 for curing. After curing, the specimen is transported out of the warehouse through the specimen entry and exit area 200 and conveyed to the specimen testing area 3 for pressure resistance testing. After the pressure resistance test is completed, the waste residue generated is collected and cleaned by the waste residue cleaning area 400. This process realizes full automation of specimen curing, testing and waste residue recycling, reduces manual operation, lowers costs and improves testing efficiency.

[0037] In this embodiment, as Figure 2As shown, the specimen curing area 100 includes shelves 110, with aisles 120 between every two shelves 110, a temperature and humidity control device 130 at the corner, a monitoring device 140 embedded in the wall, a shielding door 150 at the wall opening facing the specimen testing area 100, and a transition door 160 at the wall opening facing the specimen curing area 100. The shielding door 150 is located on the wall opening facing the specimen entry and exit area 200, and the transition door 160 is located on the wall opening facing the specimen curing area 100. Specimens are placed on shelf 110. Since specimen curing requires specific environmental conditions, especially regarding temperature and humidity, a temperature range of 18℃~22℃ and a humidity range of 95%~100% are considered suitable. To ensure optimal curing conditions, the temperature and humidity control device maintains a temperature range of 20℃±2℃ and a humidity level above 95% for precise environmental control. Monitoring device 140 monitors the specimen's condition, humidity, and temperature in the curing area 100 in real time, allowing for real-time monitoring of the curing process. When a specimen is detected to be cracked or defective, monitoring device 140 sends feedback to the system. Similarly, if the temperature or humidity exceeds the preset range, feedback is sent to the system, which then adjusts the temperature and humidity control device 130. Furthermore, the curing area 100 can be divided into multiple independent zones. Each zone is equipped with a temperature and humidity control device 130, which independently controls the temperature and humidity within its zone, allowing for comparison and testing to determine the optimal temperature and humidity for specimen curing. The shielding door 150 is a stainless steel insulated door, which effectively isolates the specimen from the outside air, reducing the impact of outside air on the temperature and humidity within the specimen curing area 100 when the specimen enters or exits. The transition door 160 is an air curtain door. The area between the transition door 160 and the shielding door 150 is a transition zone. When the specimen enters or exits the specimen curing area 100, it first passes through the shielding door 150. At this time, the transition door 160 is closed, and the specimen curing area 100 is still not connected to the outside. When the specimen enters the transition zone, the shielding door closes, isolating the specimen curing area 100 from the outside, and the transition door 160 remains closed. When the transition door 160 opens, the specimen enters the specimen curing area 100, minimizing the impact of the outside air on the temperature and humidity within the specimen curing area 100.

[0038] In this embodiment, as Figure 3As shown, the specimen entry and exit area 200 includes a stacker crane 210, a turnover cabinet 220, an information collection platform 230, an exit platform 240, and an AVG vehicle 250. The stacker crane 210 is used to transport specimens, moving them into and out of the warehouse. The turnover cabinet 220 is used to temporarily place specimens before they are moved into the warehouse, facilitating subsequent transport by the stacker crane 210. The information collection platform 230 is used to measure the dimensions of the specimens. The exit platform 240 is used to transport the specimens to the specimen testing area 300. The AVG vehicle 250 is used to transport the turnover cabinet 220 from outside the system to inside the system, to one side of the aisle 120. The specific process for specimen entry and exit is as follows: First, the specimens are placed in the turnover cabinet 220. The AVG vehicle 250 transports the turnover cabinet 220 from outside the system to one side of the aisle 120. The system imports the specimen delivery list and generates specimen information and QR codes. The specimen information includes the specimen number, construction unit, design strength, sampling location, and molding date. The stacker crane 210 removes the specimens from the turnover cabinet 220 and transports them to the information testing platform 230. The information testing platform 230 is equipped with a laser rangefinder to inspect the specimens. Size information is uploaded. A robotic arm (not shown in the figure) is installed on the information detection platform 230. The robotic arm affixes the generated QR code sticker to the specimen. The stacker crane 210 removes the specimen from the information detection platform 230 and transports it to the shelf 110 in the specimen curing area 100 for curing. After the specimen curing is completed, the stacker crane 210 enters the specimen curing area 100 to take out the specimen and transport it to the outbound platform 240. The outbound platform 240 then transports the specimen to the specimen detection area 300.

[0039] In this embodiment, as Figure 4As shown, the specimen testing area 300 includes a transfer robot 310, a rotating platform 320, a testing platform 330, a sample injection cylinder 340, a press 350, and a conveyor belt 360 located on the outgoing platform 240. The transfer robot 310 is used to transfer the specimen from the outgoing platform 240 to the rotating platform 320. The rotating platform 320 has testing platforms 330 at both ends and a conveyor belt 360 on one side. The sample injection cylinder 340 pushes the specimen onto the testing platform 330. The testing platform 330 and the press 350 are used to test the compressive strength of the specimen. The specific process of the specimen compression test is as follows: After the specimen is transported from the warehouse to the outbound platform 240, the transfer robot 310 picks up the specimen and transfers it from the outbound platform 240 to the interchange platform 320. The system assigns a press 350 to the specimen to be tested according to the working status of the press. The interchange platform 320 pushes the specimen to the conveyor belt 380. The conveyor belt 380 changes the conveying direction according to the system instructions and conveys the specimen to the corresponding press 350. The injection cylinder 340 pushes the specimen onto the test platform 330, and the press 350 is started to perform the pressure test. After the specimen breaks, the press 350 automatically returns oil and uploads the specimen test results to the system. After the test platform is cleaned, the interchange platform 320 sends the next specimen to the front end of the injection cylinder 340. After the cleaning mechanism resets, the injection cylinder 340 sends the next specimen to the test platform 330 for pressure testing, and the injection cylinder 340 resets.

[0040] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 As shown, the waste cleaning area 400 includes a waste conveyor belt 410 and a waste frame 420. The waste conveyor belt 410 transports the waste to the waste frame 420. The specific process of cleaning the specimen waste is as follows: after the specimen breaks, the sample injection cylinder 340 is activated, pushing the waste into the waste conveyor belt 410. The sample injection cylinder 340 is then reset, and the cleaning mechanism cleans the test platform 330. The waste is then transported to the waste frame 420 via the waste conveyor belt 410.

[0041] In this embodiment, a storage control device (not labeled) is also included. The storage control device is used to control the temperature and humidity control device 130, the monitoring device 140, the shielding door 150, the stacker crane 210, the information acquisition platform 230, the transfer robot 310, the mutual transfer platform 320, the sample injection cylinder 340, the press 350, the waste conveyor belt 360, and the cleaning mechanism.

[0042] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the technical solution of this utility model, and are not intended to limit the specific implementation of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the claims of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A smart integrated testing system for the compressive strength of concrete specimens, comprising a specimen curing area, a specimen entry / exit area, and a specimen testing area, wherein the specimen curing area is a closed area composed of walls, and the wall facing the specimen entry / exit area consists of two walls, each wall having multiple openings communicating with the specimen entry / exit area, and the specimen entry / exit area and the specimen testing area are connected, characterized in that... The specimen curing area is equipped with a temperature and humidity control device and a monitoring device. The temperature and humidity control device is used to adjust the humidity and temperature of the specimen curing area in real time, and the monitoring device is used to monitor the status of the specimen and the humidity and temperature of the specimen curing area in real time.

2. The intelligent curing and compressive strength integrated testing system for concrete specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a waste cleaning area, which includes a waste conveyor belt and a waste frame. The waste conveyor belt is located on one side of the test specimen testing area, and the waste frame is located at one end of the conveying direction of the waste conveyor belt.

3. The intelligent curing and compressive strength integrated testing system for concrete specimens according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specimen curing area includes shelves, shielding doors, and transition doors. There is an aisle between every two shelves. The aisle extends through the opening to the specimen entry and exit area. The shielding doors are located in the openings of the wall facing the specimen entry and exit area, and the transition doors are located in the openings of the wall facing the specimen curing area.

4. The intelligent curing and compressive strength integrated testing system for concrete specimens according to claim 3, characterized in that, The specimen entry and exit area includes turnover cabinets, stacker cranes, information collection platforms, and exit platforms. Each pair of aisles forms a group. The turnover cabinets are located on both sides of a group of aisles. The information collection platform and the exit platform are located between a group of aisles. The information collection platform is located on the side facing the specimen curing area, and the exit platform is located on the side facing the specimen testing area.

5. The intelligent curing and compressive strength integrated testing system for concrete specimens according to claim 4, characterized in that, The specimen testing area includes a transfer robotic arm, a rotating platform, a testing platform, a sample injection cylinder, and a press. The transfer robotic arm is mounted on the outgoing platform, the rotating platform is located on one side of the outgoing platform, and the testing platforms are located at both ends of the rotating platform. Conveyor belts are provided on one side of the testing platform and the rotating platform to transport the specimen from the rotating platform to the front of the testing platform. The press is located above the testing platform, the sample injection cylinder is located on one side of the testing platform, and the waste conveyor belt is located on the other side of the testing platform.

6. The intelligent curing and compressive strength integrated testing system for concrete specimens according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a storage control device, which controls the operation of a temperature and humidity control device, a monitoring device, a stacker crane, a shielded door, an information acquisition platform, a transfer robot, a mutual transfer platform, a sample injection cylinder, a press, and a waste conveyor belt.

7. The intelligent curing and compressive strength integrated testing system for concrete specimens according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that, The information collection platform is equipped with a laser rangefinder.

8. The intelligent curing and compressive strength integrated testing system for concrete specimens according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that, The information collection platform is equipped with a robotic arm.

9. The intelligent curing and compressive strength integrated testing system for concrete specimens according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The temperature and humidity control device controls the temperature range to 20℃±2℃ and the humidity to above 95%.

10. The intelligent curing and compressive strength integrated testing system for concrete specimens according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that, There is a transition area between the shielding door and the transition door, which is used to reduce the impact of the stacker crane entering and exiting the specimen curing area on temperature and humidity.

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