Fish-scale pit terrain structure suitable for economic forest water and soil loss prevention

Abstract

The utility model provides a fish-scale pit terrain structure suitable for preventing and controlling water and soil loss in economic forests, which comprises fish-scale pits which are dug from top to bottom along contour lines on steep ridge and loess hills and broken slope surfaces, and the fish-scale pits are arranged in the shape of a Chinese character'pin '; the water retaining ridge is stacked on the side, close to the slope toe, of the fish-scale pit and is higher than the fish-scale pit, and the water retaining ridge is in the shape that the middle is high and the two sides are low; grass seeds are sown on the round face of the non-fish-scale-pit position of the slope surface to form the grass planting layer, and the grass seed covering coefficient is 0.6; wherein the two sides of the water retaining ridge extend to the positions of the two adjacent fish-scale pits located at the low position, the structure of the fish-scale pits and the earth ridge is designed, the water and soil conservation condition of mountainous areas and hilly areas is effectively improved, the speed and flow distribution of surface runoff are remarkably reduced, rainwater can better permeate into soil, and therefore the water retaining ridge can be used for preventing rainwater from entering the soil. And meanwhile, soil can be immobilized and prevented from being scoured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of afforestation and land preparation, and in particular to a fish-scale pit terrain structure suitable for preventing soil erosion in economic forests. Background Technology

[0002] Soil erosion is a global ecological problem, particularly prominent in mountainous and hilly areas. The natural conditions of these regions, such as steep terrain, loose soil, and high rainfall, exacerbate soil erosion. Soil erosion not only leads to a decline in soil fertility, thus affecting agricultural productivity, but also damages the local ecological environment, posing a potential threat to human living conditions.

[0003] To address these issues, various methods and technologies have been explored and implemented to prevent and control soil erosion. Among them, the fish-scale terrace technology has attracted significant attention due to its remarkable water retention and soil conservation capabilities. The design principle of the fish-scale terrace is to intercept surface runoff through a series of fish-scale-like terrace structures, thereby reducing rapid evaporation and loss of water and maintaining soil moisture content, thus improving soil fertility. Furthermore, this structure effectively stabilizes the soil, preventing it from being eroded away by water flow.

[0004] Planting trees or shrubs in these fish-scale-shaped pits not only further enhances soil stability, but the development of plant root systems also helps absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, reducing air pollution and creating a microenvironment more conducive to the development of economic forests. At the same time, through rational planning and construction of fish-scale pit terraces, the maximum utilization of land resources can be achieved, increasing the planting density of cash crops and thus improving yields.

[0005] Therefore, in the context of increasingly serious environmental challenges, designing a more rational fish-scale pit terrace structure is of great significance for maintaining ecological balance and promoting regional economic development.

[0006] In view of this, the inventor has specifically designed a fish-scale pit terrain structure suitable for preventing soil erosion in economic forests, which is the basis of this invention. Utility Model Content

[0007] To solve the above problems, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0008] A fish-scale pit terrain structure suitable for soil and water conservation in economic forests includes:

[0009] Fish-scale pits are dug from top to bottom along contour lines on relatively steep ridges and fragmented slopes, with several fish-scale pits arranged in a triangular pattern.

[0010] A water-retaining embankment is erected on the side of the fish-scale pit near the foot of the slope and is set higher than the fish-scale pit. The water-retaining embankment is high in the middle and low on both sides.

[0011] Grass vegetation layer: Grass seeds are sown in a circular pattern on the slope in areas other than fish-scale pits to form a grass vegetation layer, with a grass seed coverage coefficient of 0.6.

[0012] The water-retaining embankment extends to the two adjacent fish-scale pits located at a lower position on both sides.

[0013] Preferably, the water-retaining embankment is arc-shaped, and its arc-shaped opening faces the direction of the fish-scale pit.

[0014] Preferably, the fish-scale pits are fish-scale shaped.

[0015] Preferably, the fish-scale pit is crescent-shaped and has a diameter of 0.6-0.8m.

[0016] Preferably, the depth of the fish scale pit is 0.6m.

[0017] Preferably, the water-retaining embankment is a backfilled soil embankment or a stone embankment, and its stacking height is 20-25cm.

[0018] Preferably, the distance between adjacent fish-scale pits at the same height is 2-3m, and the distance between fish-scale pits at different heights in two rows is 2-3m.

[0019] Preferably, the distribution density of the fish-scale pits is 800-1200 pits / hm². 2 .

[0020] Preferably, the slope ratio of the earthen embankment on both sides near and away from the fish-scale pit is 1:0.5.

[0021] Preferably, the bottom surface of the fish-scale pit is covered with a planting soil layer, and the upper surface of the planting soil layer is shaped like a pot bottom with the center concave inward.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0023] This invention effectively improves soil and water conservation in mountainous and hilly areas by designing fish-scale pits and earthen embankments, significantly reducing the speed and flow distribution of surface runoff, allowing rainwater to better penetrate the soil, while also holding the soil in place and preventing it from being washed away.

[0024] Here are some of the key features of this structure and the benefits it brings:

[0025] The fish-scale pits are arranged from top to bottom according to contour lines and in a triangular pattern. This can disperse the water flow to the maximum extent and reduce the local impact force.

[0026] Fish-scale pits are typically designed in a crescent shape, with a diameter of approximately 0.6 to 0.8 meters and a depth of about 0.6 meters. This shape helps increase water retention while ensuring sufficient space for plant roots to grow.

[0027] Approximately 800 to 1200 fish-scale pits are laid out on each hectare of land. This density ensures the effectiveness of soil and water conservation without being too dense and wasting resources.

[0028] The water-retaining embankment is built on the side near the foot of the slope, higher than the fish-scale pit, and its shape is high in the middle and low on both sides, which helps to better intercept and divert runoff.

[0029] The two sides of the water-retaining embankment extend to the adjacent fish-scale pits at a lower position, forming a continuous soil and water conservation system.

[0030] In summary, this invention constructs fish-scale or crescent-shaped water-retaining and soil-conserving structures on hillsides, effectively controlling soil erosion and improving soil drought resistance. Its unique design intercepts slope runoff, reduces flow velocity, and retains water and sediment. Planting trees or shrubs within the pits increases ground roughness, alters micro-topography, and improves soil fertility. The triangular arrangement of the fish-scale pits and the design of the earthen ridges, higher in the middle and lower on both sides, regulates runoff and reduces erosion. Furthermore, this technology can improve land utilization, increase the planting density and yield of economic forests, improve the ecological environment, and promote sustainable agricultural development and ecological civilization construction. It is suitable for the transformation of economic forest terraces with slopes less than 25°, and has significant environmental benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The accompanying drawings, which are provided to further illustrate the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are used to explain the present invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention.

[0032] in:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a plan view of the fish-scale pit in this utility model;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram highlighting the fish-scale pits in this utility model;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the earthen embankment in this utility model;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the stone embankment in this utility model.

[0037] Label Explanation:

[0038] 10. Fish-scale pit; 20. Slope; 30. Water-retaining embankment; 40. Grass planting layer; 50. Planting soil layer. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the technical problem to be solved, the technical solution, and the beneficial effects of this utility model clearer and more understandable, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0040] Please see Figures 1 to 4 This is a fish-scale pit terrain structure suitable for soil and water conservation in economic forests, which is the preferred embodiment of this utility model, comprising:

[0041] Fish-scale pits 10 are dug from top to bottom along contour lines on relatively steep ridges and fragmented slopes 20, and several fish-scale pits 10 are arranged in a triangular pattern.

[0042] The water-retaining embankment 30 is piled up on the side of the fish-scale pit 10 near the foot of the slope and is set higher than the fish-scale pit 10. The water-retaining embankment 30 is high in the middle and low on both sides.

[0043] Grass seeding layer 40 is formed by sowing grass seeds in a circular pattern at a non-fish scale pit 10 position on the slope 20, with a grass seed coverage coefficient of 0.6.

[0044] Among them, the two sides of the water-blocking embankment 30 extend to the positions of two adjacent fish-scale pits 10 located at a low position.

[0045] The water-retaining embankment 30, being higher in the middle and lower on both sides, allows water to flow from both sides into the next fish-scale pit 10, thus serving to segment and block and retain runoff. When rainfall is intense and prolonged, the fish-scale pit 10 may overflow due to the large amount of water per unit area. However, because the embankment of the fish-scale pit 10 is higher in the middle and lower on both sides, it ensures that the runoff does not flow in a straight line or in one direction when flowing down the slope 20, thus avoiding runoff concentration. The runoff on the slope 20 is moderated by the rows and rows of fish-scale pits 10, which reduces the scouring capacity of the runoff.

[0046] In addition, grass seeds should be sown in a circular pattern (excluding roads and camellia roots, the grass seed coverage coefficient is 0.6), with 200 kg of superphosphate and 80 kg of organic fertilizer per hectare as base fertilizer; this should be done on a cloudy day when soil moisture is good.

[0047] Specifically, on steep ridges and fragmented slopes 20, crescent-shaped pits are dug from top to bottom along the contour lines, arranged in a triangular pattern, resembling fish scales, which is called fish scale pit 10 for land preparation.

[0048] Preferably, the water-retaining embankment 30 is arc-shaped, and its arc-shaped opening faces the direction of the fish-scale pit 10. The water-retaining embankment 30 is an earthen embankment using backfill soil or a stone embankment using on-site stones.

[0049] Preferably, the fish scale pit 10 is fish scale shaped.

[0050] Specifically, the specifications for Fish Scale Pit 10 are as follows:

[0051] The fish-scale pit 10 is crescent-shaped with a diameter of 0.6-0.8m and a depth of 0.6m. The water-retaining embankment 30 is a backfilled soil embankment or a stone embankment with a stacking height of 20-25cm. The distance between adjacent fish-scale pits 10 at the same height is 2-3m, and the distance between fish-scale pits 10 at different heights in two rows is also 2-3m. The distribution density of fish-scale pits 10 is 800-1200 / hm2.

[0052] Preferably, the slope ratio of the earthen embankment on both sides near the fish-scale pit 10 and away from the fish-scale pit 10 is 1:0.5.

[0053] Preferably, the bottom surface of the fish scale pit 10 is covered with a planting soil layer 50, and the upper surface of the planting soil layer 50 is in the shape of a pot bottom with the center concave inward.

[0054] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0055] This invention effectively improves soil and water conservation in mountainous and hilly areas by designing the fish-scale pit 10 and the structure of the earthen embankment, significantly reducing the speed and flow distribution of surface runoff, allowing rainwater to better penetrate into the soil, while also retaining the soil and preventing it from being washed away.

[0056] The function of fish-scale pit 10 for land preparation:

[0057] (1) Water and soil conservation: The topographic structure of the fish-scale pit 10 can intercept surface runoff, reduce water evaporation and loss, retain soil moisture, and improve soil fertility. At the same time, its unique structure can fix the soil and prevent soil erosion.

[0058] (2) Improve the growth environment: Planting trees or shrubs in the fish scale pit 10 can effectively fix the soil, absorb a large amount of carbon dioxide, reduce air pollutants, and improve the growth environment of economic forests.

[0059] (3) Improve land utilization: Through the construction of the fish scale pit 10 topographic structure, land resources can be fully utilized, land utilization can be improved, and the planting density and yield of economic forests can be increased.

[0060] (4) Environmental benefits: As an environmentally friendly soil and water conservation technology, the fish scale pit 10 topographic structure can effectively prevent soil erosion, improve the ecological environment, and promote the construction of ecological civilization.

[0061] Here are some of the key features of this structure and the benefits it brings:

[0062] Fish-scale pits 10 are arranged from top to bottom according to contour lines and in a triangular pattern. This can disperse the water flow to the maximum extent and reduce local impact.

[0063] Fish-scale pits (10) are typically designed in a crescent shape, with a diameter of approximately 0.6 to 0.8 meters and a depth of about 0.6 meters. This shape helps increase water retention while ensuring sufficient space for plant roots to grow.

[0064] Approximately 800 to 1200 fish-scale pits are arranged on each hectare of land. This density ensures the effectiveness of soil and water conservation without being too dense and wasting resources.

[0065] The water-retaining embankment 30 is built on the side near the toe of the slope, higher than the fish-scale pit 10, and its shape is high in the middle and low on both sides, which helps to better intercept and divert runoff.

[0066] The two sides of the water-retaining embankment 30 extend to the adjacent fish-scale pit 10 at a lower position, forming a continuous soil and water conservation system.

[0067] In summary, this invention constructs fish-scale or crescent-shaped water-retaining and soil-conserving structures on hillsides, effectively controlling soil erosion and improving soil drought resistance. Its unique design intercepts 20% of slope runoff, reducing flow velocity and retaining water and sediment. Planting trees or shrubs within the pits increases ground roughness, alters micro-topography, and improves soil fertility. The triangular arrangement of the fish-scale pits and the design of the earthen ridges, higher in the middle and lower on both sides, regulates runoff and reduces erosion. Furthermore, this technology can improve land utilization, increase the planting density and yield of economic forests, improve the ecological environment, and promote sustainable agricultural development and ecological civilization construction. It is suitable for the transformation of economic forest terraces with slopes less than 25°, and has significant environmental benefits.

[0068] The present invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-described manner. Any non-substantial improvements made using the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other situations without modification, are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fish-scale pit terrain structure suitable for soil and water conservation in economic forests, characterized in that, include: Fish-scale pits (10) are dug from top to bottom along the contour lines on the slope (20), and several fish-scale pits (10) are arranged in a triangular pattern; The water-blocking embankment (30) is piled up on the side of the fish-scale pit (10) near the foot of the slope and set higher than the fish-scale pit (10). The water-blocking embankment (30) is high in the middle and low on both sides. Grass layer (40): Grass seeds are sown in a circular pattern on the slope (20) at a location other than the fish-scale pit (10) to form a grass layer (40), with a grass seed coverage coefficient of 0.

6. The water-blocking embankment (30) extends to the two adjacent fish-scale pits (10) located at a low position on both sides.

2. The fish-scale pit terrain structure for soil and water conservation in economic forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-blocking embankment (30) is arc-shaped, and its arc-shaped opening faces the fish-scale pit (10).

3. The fish-scale pit terrain structure for soil and water conservation in economic forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fish-scale pit (10) is fish-scale shaped.

4. The fish-scale pit terrain structure for soil and water conservation in economic forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fish-scale pit (10) is crescent-shaped, with a diameter of 0.6-0.8m.

5. The fish-scale pit terrain structure for soil and water conservation in economic forests according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fish-scale pit (10) is 0.6m deep.

6. The fish-scale pit terrain structure for soil and water conservation in economic forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-retaining embankment (30) is a backfilled soil embankment or a stone embankment, and its stacking height is 20-25cm.

7. The fish-scale pit terrain structure for soil and water conservation in economic forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between adjacent fish-scale pits (10) at the same height is 2-3m, and the distance between fish-scale pits (10) at different heights in the upper and lower rows is 2-3m.

8. The fish-scale pit terrain structure for soil and water conservation in economic forests according to claim 7, characterized in that, The distribution density of the fish scale pits (10) is 800-1200 per hm2.

9. A fish-scale pit terrain structure suitable for soil and water conservation in economic forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slope ratio of the water-retaining embankment (30) near the fish-scale pit (10) and away from the fish-scale pit (10) is 1:0.

5.

10. A fish-scale pit terrain structure suitable for soil and water conservation in economic forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom surface of the fish scale pit (10) is covered with a planting soil layer (50), and the upper surface of the planting soil layer (50) is in the shape of a pot bottom with the center concave inward.

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