Drainage device for breeding industry

Abstract

The utility model relates to a drainage device for breeding industry, which comprises a vertical straight pipe with a drainage port on the side wall of the lower end, a drainage piston with a hollow structure is arranged inside the vertical straight pipe, the drainage piston is driven by a lifting part to move up and down so as to open or close the drainage port, a sealing ring is sleeved outside the drainage piston, and the sealing ring is sleeved outside the drainage piston. An outer sealing conical surface is arranged on the peripheral side part of the sealing ring; an inner sealing conical surface used for being attached to the outer sealing conical surface is arranged in the lower end of the vertical straight pipe, and the inner sealing conical surface is located below the water outlet. The drainage piston is reasonable in structural design, the outer sealing conical surface is arranged on the outer side of the sealing ring, the inner sealing conical surface is arranged in the lower end of the vertical straight pipe, when the drainage piston closes the drainage opening, sealing is achieved through attachment of the inner sealing conical surface and the outer sealing conical surface, the sealing effect is good, and abrasion to the sealing ring is small when the drainage piston moves; and the service life of the sealing ring is effectively prolonged.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to a drainage device for aquaculture industry. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing improvement of people's living standards, people's demand for marine aquatic products is also increasing, and the development of aquaculture has largely solved the supply and demand relationship of marine aquatic products.

[0003] At present, in the process of aquaculture, the culture pond needs to be drained many times a day, and the traditional structure is to install a manual control valve or an electric control valve on the drainage pipe of the culture pond. When a manual control valve is used, the manual valve needs to be opened manually each time the water is drained, and the drainage valve needs to be closed manually after the drainage is completed, and the drainage control needs to be performed many times a day, which is relatively cumbersome and increases the labor intensity. When an electric control valve is used, although it can be automatically opened and closed at a fixed time, the electric control valve bears a large water pressure because the drainage pipe is usually connected to the bottom of the culture pond, which makes the electric control valve prone to damage, and the electric control valve is prone to leakage after a long period of use.

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of using a valve to control drainage, Chinese patent No. CN212212397U discloses an electric drainage device for a culture pond, which includes a straight pipe, a drainage hole is arranged at the lower part of the straight pipe, and an overflow hole is arranged at the upper part of the straight pipe. It also includes a hollow I-shaped piston, the piston is installed in the inner cavity of the straight pipe, the height of the piston is higher than the length of the straight pipe with the drainage hole to prevent water from being drained from the drainage hole of the straight pipe, and a sealing ring is arranged between the outer periphery of the upper and lower ends of the piston and the wall of the straight pipe. The upper end of the piston is connected to the extension rod of the electric push rod through a connecting rod, and the electric push rod is fixed to the straight pipe. Since the I-shaped piston is hollow, when the drainage operation is stopped, the water level of the straight pipe is consistent with the water level of the culture pond, and the I-shaped piston and the electric push rod do not bear water pressure. Similarly, when the I-shaped piston is opened and closed, the water pressure borne by the I-shaped piston is also very low, and the structure can ensure that the device has low energy consumption and reliable operation during work.

[0005] However, the above-mentioned patent only relies on the sealing ring on the I-shaped piston to realize sealing by contacting the inner wall of the straight pipe when closing the drainage, and the sealing ring will continuously rub against the inner wall of the straight pipe when the I-shaped piston moves up and down. After a period of use, the sealing ring is severely worn, which reduces the sealing effect and causes serious leakage, affecting normal use. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the above-mentioned technical problems, and the present case is born accordingly. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0006] This utility model addresses the problems existing in the prior art by providing a drainage device for the aquaculture industry.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: a drainage device for the aquaculture industry, comprising a vertical straight pipe with a drainage outlet on its lower side wall, a hollow drainage piston inside the vertical straight pipe, the drainage piston being driven to move up and down by a lifting component to open or close the drainage outlet, a sealing ring being sleeved on the outer side of the drainage piston, and an outer sealing cone surface being provided on the outer periphery of the sealing ring; an inner sealing cone surface being provided inside the lower end of the vertical straight pipe for fitting with the outer sealing cone surface, the inner sealing cone surface being located below the drainage outlet.

[0008] Furthermore, the drain piston includes a movable pipe vertically disposed inside a vertical straight pipe, and a sealing ring bracket is fixedly disposed at the lower end of the movable pipe; the sealing ring is sleeved on the outside of the sealing ring bracket.

[0009] Furthermore, the sealing ring support has an internally hollow cylindrical structure. The upper end of the sealing ring support is fixedly inserted into the lower end of the moving tube. An annular mounting groove is provided on the outer side of the lower end of the sealing support, and the sealing ring is set in the annular mounting groove. The outer sealing cone surface of the sealing ring is located outside the annular mounting groove.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer peripheral side of the sealing ring bracket is provided with an annular flange, the annular flange is located below the moving tube, and a limiting ring is sleeved on the lower end of the sealing ring bracket, forming an annular mounting groove between the limiting ring and the annular flange.

[0011] Furthermore, a sealing cylinder is fixedly fitted inside the lower end of the vertical straight pipe, and the inner cavity of the sealing cylinder is vertically continuous to facilitate the insertion of the sealing ring support; the inner sealing cone surface is set on the upper end of the inner circumferential side wall of the sealing cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, both the outer sealing cone and the inner sealing cone are inverted cone shapes with a larger diameter at the top and a smaller diameter at the bottom.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer sealing cone surface of the sealing ring is provided with an annular groove.

[0014] Furthermore, a number of annular moving plates distributed from top to bottom are fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the moving pipe. The annular moving plates are coaxially distributed with the moving pipe and slide vertically with the vertical straight pipe. Multiple water passage holes are evenly distributed around the circumference of the annular moving plates.

[0015] Further, the upper end side wall of the moving pipe is provided with a first overflow hole; the upper end side wall of the vertical straight pipe is provided with a second overflow hole, and the position of the second overflow hole corresponds to the position of the first overflow hole when the drain hole is closed.

[0016] Further, the top port of the vertical straight pipe is provided with a sealing end cover, the lifting member comprises an electric push rod vertically arranged at the upper end inside the vertical straight pipe, the electric push rod is installed at the middle part of the sealing end cover, and the telescopic end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected with the top middle part of the moving pipe through a vertical connecting rod.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following effects: the utility model discloses reasonable structure design, through setting up the outer sealing conical surface outside the sealing ring, setting up the inner sealing conical surface inside the vertical straight pipe lower end, when the drain piston closes the drain port, sealing is realized through the adhesion of the inner and outer sealing conical surfaces, the sealing effect is good, and the wear of the sealing ring is smaller when the drain piston moves, and the service life of the sealing ring is effectively improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is the front view cross-section structure schematic diagram (drain port closed state) of the utility model embodiment;

[0019] Figure 2 is the enlarged schematic diagram of A in Figure 1

[0020] Figure 3 is the enlarged schematic diagram of B in Figure 1

[0021] Figure 4 is the exploded state schematic diagram of the drain piston in the utility model embodiment (omitting the moving pipe);

[0022] Figure 5 is the overhead structure schematic diagram of the annular moving plate in the utility model embodiment;

[0023] Figure 6 is the structure schematic diagram when the drain port is opened in Figure 1

[0024] Figure 7 is the enlarged schematic diagram of C in Figure 6

[0025] Figure 8 is the use state schematic diagram of the utility model embodiment.

[0026] In the drawing:

[0027] ​​​​1-vertical straight pipe; 2-culture pond; 3-drain pipe; 4-drain piston; 5-drain port; 6-sealing ring; 7-outer sealing cone surface; 8-inner sealing cone surface; 9-moving pipe; 10-sealing ring support; 11-annular mounting groove; 12-annular flange; 13-limiting ring; 14-sealing cylinder; 15-outer flange; 16-annular groove; 17-annular moving plate; 18-water passing hole; 19-first overflow hole; 20-second overflow hole; 21-sealing end cover; 22-electric push rod; 23-vertical connecting rod; 24-drain pond or drain ditch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The utility model will be made further detailed description in combination with the drawings and specific implementation.

[0029] In the description of the utility model, it is understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the utility model, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element indicated must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore can not be understood as a limitation on the utility model.

[0030] As Figures 1 to 8As shown, the utility model discloses a drainage device for breeding industry, including the vertical straight pipe 1 of the lower end side wall of setting up the drainage port 5, the vertical straight pipe 1 is used for vertically inserting in the bottom drain pipe 3 of breeding pond 2, the inside hollow structure of vertical straight pipe 1 is provided with drainage piston 4, drainage piston 4 is driven by lifting piece to move up and down, and drainage piston 4 moves up and down and opens or closes drainage port 5, and the lower end outside of drainage piston 4 is equipped with sealing washer 6, and sealing washer 6 plays the sealing effect when closing drainage port 5, and the specific structural features of the drainage device are that: the outer circumferential side of sealing washer 6 is provided with outer sealing cone surface 7, the lower end inside vertical straight pipe 1 is provided with inner sealing cone surface 8 for being attached with outer sealing cone surface 7, and the inner sealing cone surface 8 is located below drainage port 5. When working, the vertical straight pipe 1 is vertically inserted on the bottom drain pipe 3 of the breeding pond 2, the drainage piston 4 moves downwards to the sealing washer 6 below the drainage port 5, at this time, the outer sealing cone surface 7 of the sealing washer 6 is attached with the inner sealing cone surface 8 in the lower end inside the vertical straight pipe 1, at this time, the drainage port 5 is in the closed state, and sealing is realized by the attachment of the inner and outer sealing cone surfaces, and the sealing effect is good; when the drainage port 5 needs to be opened, the drainage piston 4 moves upwards to the sealing washer 6 on the upper side of the lower end of the drainage port 5, or the drainage piston 4 moves upwards to above the entire drainage port 5, at this time, the drainage port is in the open state, the water in the breeding pond 2 flows out through the drain pipe 3, and then is discharged from the drainage port 5, realizing drainage. Since the wear of the sealing washer is small when the drainage piston moves up and down, the service life of the sealing washer is effectively improved.

[0031] In the embodiment, the drainage piston 4 includes a moving pipe 9 arranged vertically in the vertical straight pipe 1. The moving pipe 9 is open at the bottom and closed at the top, i.e., the moving pipe 9 is in communication with the lower end inside the vertical straight pipe 1. A sealing washer support 10 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the moving pipe 9. The sealing washer 6 is sleeved on the outer side of the sealing washer support 10. In use, when the drainage port 5 is closed, the water in the breeding pond 2 enters the lower end inside the vertical straight pipe 1 through the drain pipe 3 and enters the inside of the moving pipe 9 through the sealing washer support 10. The moving pipe 9, the drain pipe 3, and the breeding pond 2 form a communicating vessel structure, i.e., the liquid level in the moving pipe 9 is the same as the liquid level in the breeding pond 2. At this time, the water pressure borne by the entire drainage piston when moving up and down is very low, so that the sealing washer can have a good sealing effect when the drainage port is closed. At the same time, when the drainage piston is in a stationary state (i.e., the drainage port is closed), the water pressure borne by the entire drainage piston is also very low, which helps to maintain a good sealing effect and has less impact on the motor of the electric push rod, avoiding that the motor of the electric push rod bears excessive load and is easily damaged.

[0032] In the embodiment, the sealing washer 6 and the outer sealing cone surface 7 are of an integral structure, i.e., the entire sealing washer 6 is conical.

[0033] In the embodiment, the sealing ring support 10 is in a hollow cylindrical structure, the upper end of the sealing ring support 10 is fixedly inserted into the lower end opening of the movable pipe 9, the sealing ring support 10 is coaxially arranged with the movable pipe 9, an annular mounting groove 11 is coaxially arranged on the outer side of the lower end of the sealing ring support 10, and the sealing ring 6 is arranged in the annular mounting groove 11; the outer sealing cone surface 7 of the sealing ring 6 is located outside the annular mounting groove 11. Further, the sealing ring support 10 can be fixedly bonded to the inside of the lower end opening of the movable pipe 9 by glue.

[0034] Specifically, the outer circumferential surface of the sealing ring support 10 is provided with an annular flange 12, the annular flange 12 is located below the movable pipe 9, the lower end surface of the movable pipe 9 abuts against the top surface of the annular flange 12, the lower end of the sealing ring support 10 is sleeved with a limiting ring 13, and the annular mounting groove 11 is formed between the limiting ring 13 and the annular flange 12, that is, the sealing ring 6 is located between the annular flange 12 and the limiting ring 13.

[0035] In the embodiment, a sealing cylinder 14 is fixedly sleeved in the lower end opening of the vertical straight pipe 1, the sealing cylinder is in a cylindrical structure, the inner cavity of the sealing cylinder 14 is vertically through and facilitates the lower end of the sealing ring support 10 to extend into, and the inner sealing cone surface 8 is arranged on the upper end of the circumferential wall of the inner cavity of the sealing cylinder 14. Further, an annular outer flange 15 is arranged on the outer circumferential side of the lower end of the sealing cylinder 14, and the lower end surface of the vertical straight pipe 1 is in contact with the outer flange 15. The sealing sleeve 14 can be fixedly bonded in the inside of the lower end opening of the vertical straight pipe 1.

[0036] In the embodiment, the sealing ring 6 is a rubber sealing ring. The sealing ring support 10 and the sealing cylinder 14 can be made of PVC material and nylon material. The sealing cylinder 14, the inner sealing cone surface 8 and the annular outer flange 15 are in an integrated structure, that is, the whole is in a conical shape.

[0037] In the embodiment, the outer sealing cone surface 7 and the inner sealing cone surface 8 are both in an inverted conical shape with a large diameter at the upper end and a small diameter at the lower end, and the taper of the outer sealing cone surface 7 and the inner sealing cone surface 8 is the same, so as to ensure that the inner and outer sealing cone surfaces are tightly fitted.

[0038] In the embodiment, the outer sealing cone surface 7 of the sealing ring 6 is provided with an annular groove 16, the annular groove can improve the deformation ability of the sealing ring, can also play a role in secondary sealing, improve the tight fitting effect of the outer sealing cone surface and the inner sealing cone surface, and also plays a role in hiding dirt

[0039] In this embodiment, a plurality of annular moving plates 17, distributed from top to bottom, are fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the moving tube 9. The annular moving plates 17 are coaxially distributed with the moving tube 9 and slide vertically with the vertical straight tube 1. By setting a plurality of (or one or more) annular moving plates on the outside of the moving tube, the annular moving plates slide with the vertical straight tube when the moving tube moves up and down, ensuring that the moving tube remains vertical and centered. Because the moving tube is a long tube structure, its length is relatively long. If the annular moving plates are not set, the moving tube is prone to swaying during the up and down movement, and it is impossible to ensure that it remains vertical. It should be noted that the number of moving plates can be determined according to the length of the moving tube, and can be one or more.

[0040] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 As shown, the annular moving plate 17 has multiple vertically penetrating water passage holes 18 evenly distributed around its circumference. When the entire drain piston moves upward to open the drain outlet, due to the instantaneous increase in water pressure, some water flows into the space between the vertical straight pipe and the moving pipe. At this time, water passage holes are opened on the annular moving plate to facilitate the flow of water between the vertical straight pipe and the moving pipe, effectively reducing the impact of water on the entire drain piston.

[0041] In this embodiment, the upper sidewall of the movable pipe 9 is provided with a first overflow hole 19; the upper sidewall of the vertical straight pipe 1 is provided with a second overflow hole 20. When the drain hole is closed, the second overflow hole 20 corresponds to the position of the first overflow hole 19, and both the first and second overflow holes are located below the lifting component. By providing the first and second overflow holes, water can be allowed to overflow.

[0042] In this embodiment, a sealing end cap 21 is provided at the top port of the vertical straight pipe 1. The periphery of the sealing end cap can be locked and fixed to the vertical straight pipe with fasteners. The lifting component includes an electric push rod 22 vertically disposed inside the upper end of the vertical straight pipe 1. The electric push rod 22 is installed in the middle of the sealing end cap 21. The telescopic end of the electric push rod 22 is fixedly connected to the middle of the top surface of the moving pipe 9 through a vertical connecting rod 23. The telescopic movement of the electric push rod drives the moving pipe to move up and down, thereby realizing the movement of the entire drain valve to open or close the drain outlet.

[0043] In this embodiment, the drain outlet 5 can be one, two, or more. When there are two drain outlets, they are symmetrically distributed around the axis of the vertical straight pipe; when there are multiple drain outlets, they are evenly distributed circumferentially around the axis of the vertical straight pipe.

[0044] In this embodiment, both the vertical straight pipe and the moving pipe can be made of PVC pipe.

[0045] Specific implementation process: such as Figure 8As shown, the vertical straight pipe 1 is inserted into the one end of the drain pipe 3 connected to the bottom of the culture pond 2, and the other end of the drain pipe 3 is connected to the drain pool or drain ditch 24, the lower end of the vertical straight pipe 1 is inserted into the one end of the drain pipe 3 connected to the drain pool or drain ditch 24, the drain port 5 of the lower end of the vertical straight pipe 1 is arranged on the ground of the drain pool or drain ditch 24 and faces the inside of the drain pool or drain ditch 24, the sealing ring 6 is located below the drain port 5 in the initial state, the lower end of the sealing ring support 10 is inserted into the upper end of the inner cavity of the sealing cylinder 14, the outer sealing cone surface 7 of the sealing ring 6 is attached to the inner sealing cone surface 8 of the sealing cylinder 14, so that the drain port 5 is in a closed state, the water in the culture pond 2 enters the inside of the lower end of the vertical straight pipe 1 through the drain pipe 3, and enters the inside of the moving pipe 9 through the sealing ring support 10, the moving pipe 9, the drain pipe 3 and the culture pond 1 form a communicating vessel structure, that is, the liquid level in the moving pipe 9 is the same as the liquid level in the culture pond 2, when drainage is needed, the electric push rod 22 is retracted upward, the electric push rod 22 drives the moving pipe 9 to move upward, the moving pipe 9 drives the sealing ring 6 to move synchronously through the sealing ring support 10, when the sealing ring 6 moves to the upper end of the lower end of the drain port 5, the drain port 5 is opened at this time, the water in the drain pipe 3 is discharged to the drain pool 24 through the drain port 5, thereby realizing the drainage of the culture pond, as shown in Figure 6 、 7 As shown; after the drainage is completed, the electric push rod 22 drives the sealing ring 6 to move downward through the moving pipe 9, so that the sealing ring 6 moves to below the drain port 5 and is attached to the inner sealing cone surface 8, so as to realize the closing of the drain port.

[0046] It should be noted that in actual use, the electric push rod can be electrically connected with a control unit (such as PLC or single-chip microcomputer), and the electric push rod is set to work at a certain time and the working time each time by the control unit, that is, the control of the drainage time and the drainage time each time. The control of the electric push rod is a mature technology, and the control circuit and working principle will not be repeated here.

[0047] The utility model has the advantages that: (1) the overall structure is subjected to small water pressure, the sealing is carried out in the form of a taper surface, the sealing effect is improved, and water leakage is reduced; (2) the sealing ring is less worn during the opening and closing of the drain port, and the service life of the sealing ring is effectively improved; (3) the taper surface sealing is closed and the sealing ring has a long service life; (4) compared with other sealing structures, the sealing ring at the sealing position does not contact the drain port, the sealing ring is not cut by the drain port, and the service life of the sealing ring is greatly prolonged; (5) the power required to open or close the drain piston is small, and energy saving is achieved; (6) the outer sealing taper surface is provided with an annular groove, the annular groove can improve the deformation ability of the sealing ring, and the annular groove also has the effect of secondary sealing, improves the close attachment effect of the outer sealing taper surface and the inner sealing taper surface, and also has the effect of hiding dirt.

[0048] If the utility model discloses or involves mutually fixed connection's component or structural member, then, except another declaration, fixed connection can be understood as: the fixed connection of detachable (for example uses bolt or screw connection), also can be understood as: the fixed connection of undetachable (for example riveting, welding), of course, mutually fixed connection can be replaced by integral structure (for example using casting process integral forming manufacture) (obviously cannot adopt integral forming process except) outside.

[0049] In addition, the terms used to represent the positional relationship or shape in any of the technical solutions disclosed in the utility model above include states or shapes similar, analogous or close to them, unless otherwise stated.

[0050] Any component provided by the utility model can be assembled from multiple individual components, or can be an individual component manufactured by integral forming process.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the utility model and not to limit them; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: the specific embodiments of the utility model can still be modified or some technical features can be replaced by equivalents; without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the utility model, they should be covered in the technical solution range of the utility model claimed.

Claims

1. A drainage device for the farming industry, comprising a vertical straight pipe with a drainage opening in the lower end side wall, the inside of the vertical straight pipe is provided with a hollow structure drainage piston, the drainage piston is driven by a lifting piece to move up and down to open or close the drainage opening, the outside of the drainage piston is sleeved with a sealing ring, characterized in that: The outer circumferential side of the sealing ring is provided with an outer sealing taper surface; the lower end of the vertical straight pipe is internally provided with an inner sealing taper surface for abutting with the outer sealing taper surface, and the inner sealing taper surface is located below the drainage port. ​ 2. A drainage device for the farming industry according to claim 1, characterised in that: The drainage piston comprises a moving pipe vertically arranged inside the vertical straight pipe, and the lower end of the moving pipe is fixedly provided with a sealing ring support; the sealing ring is sleeved outside the sealing ring support.

3. A drainage device for the farming industry according to claim 2, characterised in that: The sealing ring support is in a hollow cylindrical structure, the upper end of the sealing ring support is fixedly inserted into the lower end of the moving pipe, the lower end of the sealing ring support is externally provided with an annular mounting groove, and the sealing ring is arranged in the annular mounting groove; and the outer sealing taper surface of the sealing ring is located outside the annular mounting groove.

4. A drainage device for the farming industry according to claim 3, characterised in that: The outer circumferential side of the sealing ring support is provided with an annular flange, the annular flange is located below the moving pipe, the lower end of the sealing ring support is sleeved with a limiting ring, and the annular mounting groove is formed between the limiting ring and the annular flange.

5. A drainage device for the farming industry according to claim 2, characterised in that: The lower end of the vertical straight pipe is internally fixedly sleeved with a sealing cylinder, the inner cavity of the sealing cylinder is vertically through and facilitates the extension of the sealing ring support; and the inner sealing taper surface is arranged on the upper end of the circumferential wall of the inner cavity of the sealing cylinder.

6. A drainage device for the farming industry according to claim 1, characterised in that: The outer sealing taper surface and the inner sealing taper surface are both in an inverted taper shape with a large diameter at the upper end and a small diameter at the lower end.

7. A drainage device for the farming industry according to claim 1, characterised in that: The outer sealing taper surface of the sealing ring is provided with an annular groove.

8. A drainage device for the farming industry according to claim 2, characterised in that: The outer circumferential side of the moving pipe is fixedly sleeved with a plurality of annular moving plates distributed from top to bottom, the annular moving plates are coaxially distributed with the moving pipe, the annular moving plates are vertically slidably connected with the vertical straight pipe, and a plurality of vertically through water passing holes are circumferentially distributed on the annular moving plates.

9. A drainage device for the farming industry according to claim 2, characterised in that: The upper end of the moving pipe is provided with a first overflow hole; the upper end of the vertical straight pipe is provided with a second overflow hole, and the positions of the first overflow hole and the second overflow hole correspond to each other when the drainage hole is closed.

10. A drainage device for the farming industry according to claim 2, characterised in that: The top of the vertical straight pipe is provided with a sealing end cover, the lifting member comprises an electric push rod vertically arranged at the upper end inside the vertical straight pipe, the electric push rod is arranged at the middle of the sealing end cover, and the telescopic end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected with the middle of the top surface of the moving pipe through a vertical connecting rod.

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