Ammonia synthesis reaction device

Abstract

The utility model provides an ammonia synthesis reaction device, and relates to the technical field of new energy chemical synthesis equipment. The ammonia synthesis reaction device comprises a shell and a barrel, an air passage is formed between the barrel and the shell and used for communicating with feed gas, a first reaction chamber, a second reaction chamber and a third reaction chamber which are sequentially communicated are arranged in the barrel, a first channel and a second channel arranged outside the first channel in a sleeving mode are arranged in the second reaction chamber, and the third reaction chamber is communicated with the first channel. The first reaction chamber receives raw material gas and forms first reaction gas, the second reaction chamber receives the first reaction gas and forms second reaction gas, the third reaction chamber receives the second reaction gas and forms third reaction gas, the first channel flows into the first reaction chamber through the second channel, and the second channel is used for cooling the second reaction gas. According to the ammonia synthesis reaction device, the first channel and the second channel are arranged in the second reaction chamber, so that the utilization rate of heat energy is increased, the preheating effect on the feed gas is improved, a heating device of the feed gas and repeated circulation of the reaction gas are not needed, and the energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of new energy chemical synthesis equipment technology, and in particular to an ammonia synthesis reaction device. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional ammonia synthesizers employ the Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis. The ammonia synthesizer contains two or three reaction beds connected in series. The feed gas (a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen) flows in from the top of the ammonia synthesizer, sequentially passing through multiple reaction beds, where it reacts to produce ammonia and releases heat.

[0003] Because ammonia synthesis is a strongly exothermic reaction, the heat of reaction causes the reaction bed temperature to rise rapidly. To prevent catalyst deactivation due to overheating and to stop ammonia production after reaching equilibrium temperature, a heat exchanger is installed in the ammonia synthesizer to maintain the reaction bed within a suitable temperature range. However, the heat exchanger has poor heat exchange efficiency and low utilization of reaction heat energy, resulting in a low single-pass ammonia conversion rate. To improve ammonia conversion efficiency, the reactant gas must be circulated multiple times within the ammonia synthesizer, leading to high energy consumption.

[0004] Furthermore, when the hydrogen in the feed gas is green hydrogen (hydrogen produced by electrolyzing water using renewable energy), its low temperature results in low reaction efficiency when it flows directly into the reaction bed. Therefore, the ammonia synthesizer is also equipped with an external heating device to heat the feed gas. However, the installation of the heating device also increases the energy consumption of the synthesis unit. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides an ammonia synthesis reaction apparatus to solve the problems of low thermal energy utilization and high energy consumption in traditional ammonia synthesis reaction apparatuses.

[0006] This application provides an ammonia synthesis reaction apparatus, comprising:

[0007] case;

[0008] A cylindrical body is disposed inside the shell, and a ventilation channel is formed between the cylindrical body and the shell, the ventilation channel being used to connect the raw material gas;

[0009] The cylinder contains a first reaction chamber, a second reaction chamber, and a third reaction chamber connected in sequence, arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder. The second reaction chamber has a first channel and a second channel, with the second channel sleeved outside the first channel. The inlet of the first channel is connected to the vent to receive the raw material gas, and the outlet of the first channel is connected to the first reaction chamber through the second channel, so that the first reaction chamber reacts the raw material gas to form a first reaction gas.

[0010] The second reaction chamber is used to receive the first reaction gas and react the first reaction gas to form the second reaction gas, and the second channel is used to cool the second reaction gas;

[0011] The third reaction chamber is used to receive the second reaction gas, react the second reaction gas to form the third reaction gas, and discharge the third reaction gas from the housing.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the first reaction chamber has a first reaction bed, the outer side of the first reaction bed has a first air inlet channel, and the inner side of the first reaction bed has a first air outlet channel.

[0013] The first air inlet channel is connected to the second channel to introduce the raw material gas into the first reaction bed, and the first air outlet channel is connected to the second reaction chamber to input the first reaction gas into the second reaction chamber.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the second reaction chamber has at least two sequentially connected reaction sub-chambers, the at least two of which are arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder;

[0015] The first reaction gas flows sequentially through each of the reaction chambers, and each of the reaction chambers reacts the first reaction gas sequentially to form process reaction gas. The downstream reaction chamber reacts the process reaction gas to form the second reaction gas.

[0016] Both the first channel and the second channel pass through each of the reaction chambers, and the second channel is also used to cool the process reaction gas.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the second reaction chamber further includes a central tube and at least two heat exchangers connected in sequence;

[0018] The central tube passes through the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber. One end of the central tube is connected to the ventilation duct, and the other end is connected to the second channel. The first channel is located inside the central tube.

[0019] At least two heat exchangers are fitted outside the central tube, and the tube sides of each heat exchanger are sequentially connected to form the second channel. The shell side of the heat exchanger is used to connect two adjacent reaction chambers to cool the process reaction gas. Alternatively, the shell side of the heat exchanger is used to connect the downstream reaction chamber and the third reaction chamber to cool the second reaction gas.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the second reaction chamber has at least two second reaction beds, each of the second reaction beds being disposed within the reaction chamber, the outer side of the second reaction bed having a second air inlet channel, and the inner side of the second reaction bed having a second air outlet channel;

[0021] The shell side of one of the heat exchangers is connected between the downstream second outlet channel and the third reaction chamber to cool the second reaction gas, and the shell sides of the other heat exchangers are respectively connected between the adjacent second outlet channel and the second inlet channel to cool the process reaction gas.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the third reaction chamber has a third reaction bed and an exhaust pipe, the outer side of the third reaction bed has a third air inlet channel, the inner side of the third reaction bed has a third air outlet channel, and the third air inlet channel is connected to the second reaction chamber.

[0023] The vent pipe is disposed on the housing, one end of the vent pipe is connected to the third vent channel, and the other end is located outside the housing. The vent pipe is used to discharge the third reaction gas.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the ammonia synthesis reactor further includes an elastic seal disposed between the housing and the outlet pipe.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the ammonia synthesis reactor further includes a quench gas inlet disposed on the housing, the quench gas inlet being used to input quench raw material gas into the outlet of the first reaction chamber to cool the first reaction gas.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the ammonia synthesis reactor further includes a thermal blast gas inlet disposed on the housing. The thermal blast gas inlet is used to input thermal blast gas into the first reaction chamber to heat the raw material gas that initially flows into the first reaction chamber.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the housing is provided with a raw material air inlet, which is connected to the ventilation channel for inputting the raw material gas;

[0028] The housing is provided with a baffle located inside the raw material air inlet.

[0029] The ammonia synthesis reactor provided in this application, by setting up a first channel and a second channel in the second reaction chamber where the highest heat generation occurs, allows the second channel to utilize the heat from the second reactant gas to preheat the feed gas within it. This not only achieves cascaded utilization of reaction heat, improving the utilization rate of reaction heat energy, but also lowers the temperature of the reactant gas and raises the temperature of the feed gas, thus eliminating the need for external preheating devices and multiple circulations of the reactant gas, thereby reducing energy consumption. The feed gas, preheated by the second reactant gas, first enters the first reaction chamber for preliminary reaction, and the generated first reactant gas then enters the second reaction chamber to participate in the reaction and generate more heat. This ensures that the heat energy in the second reaction chamber is not confined to the second reaction chamber but can be continuously utilized, further improving the heat energy utilization rate and also increasing the single-pass synthesis rate of ammonia. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the ammonia synthesis reactor in the embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first reaction chamber;

[0033] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the second reaction chamber;

[0034] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the third reaction chamber;

[0035] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the gas flow path.

[0036] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0038] 100 - Shell; 110 - Raw material inlet; 111 - Raw material inlet pipe; 120 - Cold air inlet; 121 - Cold air pipe; 130 - Hot air inlet; 131 - Hot air pipe; 140 - Baffle;

[0039] 200 - Cylinder body; 210 - Ventilation duct; 211 - Lower ventilation duct; 212 - Middle ventilation duct; 213 - Upper ventilation duct;

[0040] 300 - First reaction chamber; 310 - First reaction bed; 320 - First air inlet channel; 330 - First air outlet channel; 340 - First mixing chamber;

[0041] 400 - Second reaction chamber; 410 - Reaction compartment; 411 - Upper reaction compartment; 412 - Lower reaction compartment; 420 - Second reaction bed; 421 - Second upper reaction bed; 4210 - Second air inlet channel; 4211 - Second upper air inlet channel; 4212 - Second upper air outlet channel; 422 - Second lower reaction bed; 4220 - Second air outlet channel; 4221 - Second lower air inlet channel; 4222 - Second lower air outlet channel; 430 - Central tube; 440 - Heat exchanger; 441 - First heat exchanger; 442 - Second heat exchanger; 450 - First channel; 460 - Second channel; 461 - First connecting pipe; 462 - Second connecting pipe; 463 - Third connecting pipe; 470 - Second mixing chamber; 480 - First buffer chamber;

[0042] 500 - Third reaction chamber; 510 - Third reaction bed; 520 - Gas outlet pipe; 521 - Elastic seal; 530 - Third air inlet channel; 540 - Third air outlet channel; 550 - Second buffer chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar components or components having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of this application. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are all within the scope of protection of this application. The embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0045] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," and "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0046] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., used in the specification and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in a sequence other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0047] Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or components is not necessarily limited to those steps or components that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or components that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to those processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0048] As mentioned in the background section, traditional ammonia synthesizers primarily employ fixed-bed adiabatic reactors, controlling the reaction temperature through heat exchangers. However, the heat exchange efficiency of these heat exchangers is poor, affecting the single-pass ammonia conversion rate. Therefore, the reactant gas needs to circulate multiple times within the ammonia synthesizer, thereby increasing energy consumption.

[0049] In addition, when the hydrogen in the feed gas is green hydrogen, in order to improve the reaction efficiency, a separate heating device for heating the feed gas is installed outside the traditional ammonia synthesizer, which will also increase energy consumption.

[0050] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides an ammonia synthesis reactor to improve the utilization rate of thermal energy and reduce energy consumption. The structure of the ammonia synthesis reactor is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this application embodiment provides an ammonia synthesis reaction apparatus, including a shell 100 and a cylinder 200. The cylinder 200 is disposed inside the shell 100, and a vent 210 is formed between the cylinder 200 and the shell 100 for connecting the raw material gas.

[0052] The cylinder 200 contains a first reaction chamber 300, a second reaction chamber 400, and a third reaction chamber 500 connected in sequence. The first reaction chamber 300, the second reaction chamber 400, and the third reaction chamber 500 are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the cylinder 200. The second reaction chamber 400 has a first channel 450 and a second channel 460. The second channel 460 is fitted outside the first channel 450. The inlet of the first channel 450 is connected to the vent 210 to receive the raw material gas. The outlet of the first channel 450 is connected to the first reaction chamber 300 through the second channel 460, so that the first reaction chamber 300 reacts the raw material gas to form the first reactant gas.

[0053] The second reaction chamber 400 is used to receive the first reaction gas and react it to form the second reaction gas. The second channel 460 is used to cool the second reaction gas. The third reaction chamber 500 is used to receive the second reaction gas, react it to form the third reaction gas, and discharge the third reaction gas from the housing 100.

[0054] The ammonia synthesis reactor provided in this application embodiment, by setting a first channel 450 and a second channel 460 in the second reaction chamber 400 where the highest heat generation occurs, allows the second channel 460 to utilize the heat of the second reactant gas to preheat the raw material gas within the second channel 460. This achieves cascaded utilization of reaction heat, improving the utilization rate of reaction heat energy. It facilitates both lowering the temperature of the reactant gas and raising the temperature of the raw material gas, thus eliminating the need for an external preheating device and multiple circulations of the reactant gas, thereby reducing energy consumption.

[0055] In addition, the feed gas, preheated by the second reaction gas, first enters the first reaction chamber 300 for preliminary reaction, and the generated first reaction gas then enters the second reaction chamber 400. This process involves the feed gas participating in the reaction and generating more heat, allowing the thermal energy of the second reaction chamber 400 to be utilized continuously rather than confined to it. This further improves the thermal energy utilization rate and also helps to increase the single-pass synthesis rate of ammonia.

[0056] It should be noted that the feed gas is specifically a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen. The hydrogen is green hydrogen, meaning it is generated through water electrolysis driven by renewable energy sources (photovoltaics, wind power, hydropower, etc.), and the entire process produces no carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, the feed gas has a relatively low temperature and needs to be preheated to improve reaction efficiency.

[0057] like Figure 1As shown, the first reaction chamber 300, the second reaction chamber 400, and the third reaction chamber 500 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom along the axial direction of the cylinder 200. In this application, by having the raw material gas flow into the ventilation channel 210 first, an air curtain can be formed by utilizing the low initial temperature of the raw material gas, which helps to prevent the reaction gas in each reaction chamber from being directly transferred to the shell 100, thus preventing thermal stress damage to the shell 100. Furthermore, an insulation layer can be provided on the outside of the cylinder 200 to further reduce the transfer of heat from the reaction chamber to the shell 100, thereby reducing heat loss.

[0058] In addition, the housing 100 is provided with a raw material air inlet 110, which is connected to the ventilation channel 210 for inputting raw material gas. The housing 100 is provided with a baffle 140 located inside the raw material air inlet 110. The baffle 140 facilitates the dispersion of the raw material gas, allowing it to flow more evenly into the ventilation channel 210 after dispersion, thereby avoiding the problem of poor flow uniformity caused by the raw material gas concentrating in one place.

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, the raw material inlet 110 is positioned opposite to the first reaction chamber 300. The raw material gas contains green hydrogen, which can cause fluctuations. Positioning the raw material inlet 110 opposite the first reaction chamber 300 creates a buffer and transport airflow path, allowing the raw material gas to flow into the first channel 450 after buffering. This improves the preheating of the raw material gas and the reaction effect after it enters the reaction chamber. To facilitate the supply of raw material gas, a raw material inlet pipe 111 communicating with the raw material inlet 110 is provided on the housing 100.

[0060] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 1 As shown, both ends and the outer peripheral wall of the cylinder 200 are spaced apart from the shell 100. The vent 210 includes a lower vent 211 located between the shell 100 and the bottom end of the cylinder 200, an intermediate vent 212 located between the shell 100 and the side wall of the cylinder 200, and an upper vent 213 located between the shell 100 and the top end of the cylinder 200. The upper vent 213 and the lower vent 211 are connected through the intermediate vent 212.

[0061] The raw material inlet 110 is specifically connected to the lower air passage 211. After the first buffering through the lower air passage 211, the gas flows into the intermediate air passage 212 for a second buffering, and then merges into the upper air passage 213 for a third buffering. Even if there are fluctuations in the flow rate of the raw material gas at the raw material inlet 110, the fluctuation amplitude of the raw material gas is weakened and reduced after the three buffering processes.

[0062] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the first reaction chamber 300 has a first reaction bed 310, with a first air inlet channel 320 on the outer side of the first reaction bed 310 and a first air outlet channel 330 on the inner side of the first reaction bed 310. The first air inlet channel 320 is connected to a second channel 460 to introduce raw material gas into the first reaction bed 310, and the first air outlet channel 330 is connected to a second reaction chamber 400 to input first reaction gas into the second reaction chamber 400.

[0063] Here, the first air intake channel 320 is arranged around the outside of the first reaction bed 310, so that after the first air intake channel 320 is connected to the second channel 460, the preheated raw material gas can enter the first reaction bed 310 radially along the outer periphery of the first reaction bed 310, thereby improving the reaction efficiency.

[0064] Continue to refer to Figure 2 As shown, the top of the first reaction chamber 300 has a first mixing chamber 340. A first air inlet channel 320 and a second channel 460 are both connected to the first mixing chamber 340. The preheated raw material gas in the second channel 460 first flows into the first mixing chamber 340, and then flows into the first air inlet channel 320 via the first mixing chamber 340. Here, the first mixing chamber 340 acts as a buffer for the raw material gas, which helps to ensure that the raw material gas is evenly distributed within the first air inlet channel 320 and reduces the flow resistance of the raw material gas.

[0065] In addition, the inlet of the first air intake channel 320 and the outlet of the first air outlet channel 330 are both located at the top, which helps to extend the flow path of the first reaction gas to the second reaction chamber 400, so that it flows into the second reaction chamber 400 stably.

[0066] In one possible implementation, combining Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the second reaction chamber 400 has at least two sequentially connected reaction sub-chambers 410, which are arranged axially along the cylinder 200. A first reaction gas flows sequentially through each reaction sub-chamber 410, and each reaction sub-chamber 410 reacts the first reaction gas sequentially to form a process reaction gas. The downstream reaction sub-chamber 410 reacts the process reaction gas to form a second reaction gas. A first channel 450 and a second channel 460 are both provided through each reaction sub-chamber 410, and the second channel 460 is also used to cool the process reaction gas.

[0067] This configuration, through the coordination of the second channel 460 and each reaction chamber 410, enables the conversion and utilization of heat in the process reaction gas, which is beneficial for improving the cooling effect of the reaction chamber 410 and the preheating effect of the raw material gas. By further utilizing the thermal energy of the process reaction gas, it is also beneficial for improving the reaction efficiency within the reaction chamber 410, resulting in a gradual increase in the ammonia content, thereby improving the ammonia synthesis efficiency.

[0068] It should be noted that the first reaction gas, process reaction gas, second reaction gas, and third reaction gas mainly include raw material gas and generated ammonia gas. Among them, the ammonia content of the three gradually increases with the flow direction of the raw material gas in the reaction chamber.

[0069] In addition, the number of reaction compartments 410 can be... Figure 1 and Figure 3 In addition to the two shown, additional options can be added as needed. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the upper reaction chamber 410 is called the upper reaction chamber 411, and the lower reaction chamber 412 is called the lower reaction chamber 412. The upper reaction chamber 411 is used to receive the first reaction gas, and the lower reaction chamber 412 discharges the second reaction gas.

[0070] To improve the flow efficiency of the reactant gases in the process. For example... Figure 3 As shown, a first buffer chamber 480 is provided between the upper reaction chamber 411 and the lower reaction chamber 412. The process reaction gas flowing out of the upper reaction chamber 411 is buffered by the first buffer chamber 480 and then flows into the lower reaction chamber 412.

[0071] In one possible implementation, still refer to Figure 3 As shown, the second reaction chamber 400 also includes a central tube 430 and at least two heat exchangers 440 connected in sequence. The central tube 430 passes through the first reaction chamber 300 and the second reaction chamber 400. One end of the central tube 430 is connected to the vent 210, and the other end is connected to the second channel 460. The first channel 450 is located inside the central tube 430.

[0072] At least two heat exchangers 440 are fitted around the central tube 430, and the tube sides of each heat exchanger 440 are sequentially connected to form a second channel 460. The shell side of one heat exchanger 440 is connected between the downstream second outlet channel 4220 and the third reaction chamber 500 to cool the second reaction gas. The shell sides of the remaining heat exchangers 440 are respectively connected between adjacent second outlet channels 4220 and second inlet channels 4210 to cool the process reaction gas.

[0073] Here, a structure is constructed by passing a central tube 430 through the first reaction chamber 300 and the second reaction chamber 400, with at least two heat exchangers 440 mounted outside the central tube 430. This integrates the three main functions of raw material gas transport, reaction gas cooling, and connection of multiple reaction chambers 410 into the axial space, which is beneficial for improving heat exchange efficiency. The arrangement of at least two heat exchangers 440 also facilitates the gradient utilization of high-temperature and medium-temperature reaction heat, ensuring that the reaction heat within the second reaction chamber 400 is used to preheat the raw material gas, reducing energy consumption from external preheating of the raw material gas, thereby improving overall thermal efficiency.

[0074] In this embodiment, the heat exchanger 440 positioned at the top is referred to as the first heat exchanger 441, and the heat exchanger 440 positioned at the bottom is referred to as the second heat exchanger 442. The first heat exchanger 441 is used to cool the process reaction gas, and the second heat exchanger 442 is used to cool the second reaction gas.

[0075] The shell side of the first heat exchanger 441 connects the two reaction chambers 410, and the shell side of the second heat exchanger 442 connects the lower reaction chamber 412 and the third reaction chamber 500. The inlet of the tube side of the second heat exchanger 442 is connected to the outlet of the first channel 450, and the outlet of the tube side of the second heat exchanger 442 is connected to the inlet of the tube side of the first heat exchanger 441. The outlet of the tube side of the first heat exchanger 441 is connected to the upper vent 213.

[0076] Specifically, such as Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the tubes of the first heat exchanger 441 and the second heat exchanger 442 are connected sequentially, so that the outlet of the second channel 460 and the upper gas passage 213 are connected, forming a continuous heat absorption path for the raw material gas from bottom to top. The low-temperature raw material gas first flows into the second heat exchanger 442 and is preheated for the first time by exchanging heat with the second reaction gas through the second heat exchanger 442. The raw material gas after the first preheating flows into the first heat exchanger 441 and is preheated for the second time by exchanging heat with the process reaction gas through the first heat exchanger 441. This allows the raw material gas to be heated step by step, thereby meeting the temperature requirement for flowing into the first reaction chamber 300, thus eliminating the need for an additional heating device for heating the raw material gas.

[0077] The two heat exchangers 440 work together to form a preheating mode that raises the preheating temperature. This avoids local overheating or insufficient preheating that is common in traditional single-stage heating, ensuring that the raw material gas entering the first reaction chamber 300 is at a suitable temperature, thus helping to ensure the reaction effect within the first reaction chamber 300.

[0078] The second heat exchanger 442 recovers the median heat energy from the second reaction gas for preheating the feed gas. The first heat exchanger 441 recovers the high-grade heat energy from the process reaction gas for preheating the feed gas. The two heat exchangers 440 work together to preheat the feed gas, ensuring that the temperature of the preheated feed gas meets the operating requirements of the first reaction chamber 300.

[0079] In addition, both the first heat exchanger 441 and the second heat exchanger 442 adopt a counter-current structure of tube-side feed gas and shell-side reactant gas. The feed gas in the tube side gradually heats up from bottom to top, while the reactant gas in the shell side gradually cools down from top to bottom. The temperature curves of the two are opposite and cross each other, which helps to improve the heat exchange efficiency.

[0080] To improve the heating effect of the raw gas, such as Figure 3As shown, a first connecting pipe 461 with a first connecting cavity is connected to the bottom end of the first channel 450, and the tube-side inlet of the second heat exchanger 442 is connected to the first connecting cavity. The cross-sectional area of ​​the first connecting cavity is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first channel 450 and is adapted to the tube-side of the second heat exchanger 442. This arrangement helps to increase the outflow area of ​​the raw material gas and improve the efficiency of the raw material gas flowing into the second heat exchanger 442.

[0081] A second connecting pipe 462 is provided between the tube-side outlet of the second heat exchanger 442 and the tube-side inlet of the first heat exchanger 441. The second connecting pipe 462 is sleeved outside the central pipe 430, and there is a second connecting cavity between the two, which is used to connect the tube-side of the first heat exchanger 441 and the second heat exchanger 442. Here, the second connecting cavity is "I"-shaped, which also helps to improve the flow of raw gas and heat exchange efficiency.

[0082] Furthermore, a third connecting pipe 463 can be connected between the outlet of the tube side of the first heat exchanger 441 and the first mixing chamber 340. The third connecting pipe 463 is sleeved outside the central pipe 430, and there is a third connecting chamber between the two. The third connecting chamber here is "⊥" shaped, which also facilitates the flow of the raw material gas from the first heat exchanger 441 into the first mixing chamber 340, while reducing the space occupied within the cylinder 200.

[0083] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, the second reaction chamber 400 has at least two second reaction beds 420, each of which is disposed within the reaction sub-chamber 410. Each second reaction bed 420 has a second inlet passage 4210 on its outer side and a second outlet passage 4220 on its inner side. The shell side of the heat exchanger 440 is connected between adjacent second outlet passages 4220 and second inlet passages 4210; alternatively, the shell side of the heat exchanger 440 is connected between the downstream second outlet passage 4220 and the third reaction chamber 500.

[0084] This configuration allows the high-temperature process reaction gas flowing out of the second outlet channel 4220 of the upstream reaction bed to directly enter the shell side of the heat exchanger 440 and be cooled to a temperature suitable for the downstream reaction bed, before entering the third reaction chamber 500 via the downstream reaction bed. While cooling the second reaction bed 420, the raw material gas in the second channel 460 can also be heated multiple times, thereby improving the utilization rate of the high-temperature reaction heat.

[0085] In this embodiment, the second reaction bed 420 in the upper reaction chamber 411 is referred to as the second upper reaction bed 421, and the second reaction bed 420 in the lower reaction chamber 412 is referred to as the second lower reaction bed 422. The second air inlet channel 4210 on the outside of the second upper reaction bed 421 is referred to as the second upper air inlet channel 4211, and the second air outlet channel 4220 on the inside of the second upper reaction bed 421 is referred to as the second upper air outlet channel 4212. The channels on the inside and outside of the second lower reaction bed 422 are referred to as the second lower air inlet channel 4221 and the second lower air outlet channel 4222, respectively.

[0086] The second upper inlet channel 4211 is connected to the first reaction chamber 300 to receive the first reaction gas. The second upper outlet channel 4212 is connected to the second lower inlet channel 4221, and the second lower outlet channel 4222 is connected to the third reaction chamber 500 to discharge the second reaction gas. Through the cooperation of the heat exchanger 440 with the reaction chamber and the first channel 450, the reaction process and the heat exchange process can be coupled to construct a closed-loop system where the reaction is followed by cooling before further reaction. This solves the problem of low thermal energy utilization in traditional ammonia synthesis reactors and enhances adaptability to the fluctuations in green hydrogen through a structured layout.

[0087] Specifically, the high-temperature process reaction gas generated in the second upper reaction bed 421 transfers heat to the feed gas in the tube side during the shell-side cooling of the heat exchanger 440, raising the feed gas temperature. The second reaction gas in the second lower reaction bed 422 continues to provide heat to the feed gas during subsequent cooling, further raising its temperature. The two heat exchangers 440 work together to improve the utilization rate of thermal energy. Furthermore, the flow direction of the feed gas in the tube side is opposite to that of the reaction gas in the shell side, resulting in a higher heat transfer efficiency than co-current heat exchange.

[0088] Furthermore, the reactant gases flow radially from the outside to the inside of the reaction bed, reducing pressure loss during the flow process. For green ammonia applications, this helps reduce the energy consumption compensation of the circulating compressor and alleviates system load pressure caused by green hydrogen pressure fluctuations.

[0089] Considering that fluctuations in the green hydrogen feed gas can lead to runaway reaction temperature, the catalyst in the reaction bed is prone to deactivation or decreased activity. In one possible implementation, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the diagram, the ammonia synthesis reactor also includes a quench gas inlet 120, which is disposed on the housing 100. The quench gas inlet 120 is used to introduce quench gas into the outlet of the first reaction chamber 300 to cool the first reaction gas. Simultaneously, it also helps to reduce the concentration of ammonia in the first reaction gas flowing into the second reaction chamber 400, thereby improving the reaction efficiency of the first reaction gas in the second reaction chamber 400.

[0090] The chilled feed gas refers to a low-temperature feed gas with a temperature lower than that of the first reactant gas. It can be mixed with the high-temperature first reactant gas at the outlet of the first reaction chamber 300, directly reducing the temperature of the mixed gas to the temperature range required by the catalyst in the second reaction chamber 400. This helps ensure that the second reaction chamber 400 is always in a highly efficient reaction state, avoiding the negative impact of overheating on conversion rate and catalyst life.

[0091] When the flow rate or pressure of green hydrogen in the feed gas fluctuates, the injection volume and temperature of the quench feed gas can be flexibly adjusted to quickly and directly compensate for the temperature at the inlet of the second reaction chamber 400, preventing the second reaction bed 420 in the second reaction chamber 400 from sintering due to overheating or decreasing in activity due to low temperature. Therefore, the temperature of the first reaction gas can be actively and quickly adjusted using the quench feed gas inlet 120, which is faster and more flexible than the traditional method of controlling the temperature solely through heat exchange equipment.

[0092] In addition, the method of cooling the first reaction gas by introducing cold raw material gas eliminates the need for an external heat exchanger 440, thereby reducing the space occupied inside the cylinder 200, making the first reaction bed 310 larger and the generation efficiency inside the first reaction chamber 300 higher.

[0093] To improve the mixing effect between the first reactant gas and the chilled feed gas, a second mixing chamber 470 is provided between the first reaction chamber 300 and the second reaction chamber 400. The first reactant gas and the chilled feed gas flow into the second mixing chamber 470 and then into the second reaction chamber 400. The second mixing chamber 470 is connected to the second upper air inlet channel 4211, and the mixed and cooled first reactant gas flows into the second upper air inlet channel 4211 to carry out the reaction.

[0094] In terms of specific structure, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first gas outlet channel 330 is sleeved on the outside of the central tube 430. A quenching gas pipe 121 is sleeved on the top of the central tube 430. The top end of the central tube 430 is located inside the first mixing chamber 340, and the bottom end is located between the first reaction bed 310 and the central tube 430, that is, at the outlet of the first reaction bed 310. Since the outlet of the first gas outlet channel 330 is located at the top, the first reactant gas can be mixed with the quenching raw material gas in a timely manner after exiting the first gas outlet channel 330, resulting in a better cooling effect on the first reactant gas.

[0095] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown in the diagram, the third reaction chamber 500 has a third reaction bed 510 and an exhaust pipe 520. The outer side of the third reaction bed 510 has a third air inlet channel 530, and the inner side of the third reaction bed 510 has a third air outlet channel 540. The third air inlet channel 530 communicates with the second reaction chamber 400. The exhaust pipe 520 is mounted on the housing 100, with one end connected to the third exhaust channel 540 and the other end located outside the housing 100. The exhaust pipe 520 is used to discharge the third reaction gas.

[0096] This design ensures that the third inlet channel 530 is connected only to the second reaction chamber 400 and the third outlet channel 540 is connected only to the outlet pipe 520. This not only facilitates the further formation of ammonia and increases the single-pass ammonia generation rate, but also facilitates the discharge of product gases, allowing the reaction process to proceed continuously.

[0097] In terms of specific structure, such as Figure 4 As shown, the inlet of the third air inlet channel 530 is located at the top, and the third air outlet channel 540 is located in the middle of the third reaction bed 510 and extends along the axial direction of the third reaction bed 510. The top end of the air outlet pipe 520 is connected to the bottom end of the third air outlet channel 540, and the bottom end of the air outlet pipe 520 extends out of the housing 100. The second reaction gas in the third air outlet channel 540 flows radially from the outside to the inside through the third reaction bed 510, and after the reaction, it flows into the air outlet pipe 520 after converging through the middle third air outlet channel 540, and is discharged through the air outlet pipe 520.

[0098] Each reaction bed in the embodiments of this application uses products from the prior art, and each reaction bed is equipped with a catalyst (such as an iron-based catalyst), thereby enabling the synthesis of ammonia.

[0099] Because the temperature change of the third reactant gas affects the diameter of the outlet pipe 520, the ammonia synthesis reactor also includes an elastic seal 521 to address the sealing and stress issues between the outlet pipe 520 and the housing 100. The elastic seal 521 is disposed between the housing 100 and the outlet pipe 520. When the diameter of the outlet pipe 520 changes due to the temperature of the third reactant gas, the elastic seal 521 helps ensure the sealing between the outlet pipe 520 and the housing 100 and helps prevent stress caused by temperature differences at the connection between the outlet pipe 520 and the housing 100.

[0100] Specifically, when the diameter of the vent pipe 520 increases, the radial clearance between the vent pipe 520 and the housing 100 decreases, and the elastic seal 521 is compressed. When the diameter of the vent pipe 520 decreases, the radial clearance between the vent pipe 520 and the housing 100 increases, and the elastic seal 521 returns to its original position, still meeting the sealing and stress requirements between the vent pipe 520 and the housing 100. The elastic seal 521 here can be made of rubber material that is resistant to high temperatures and corrosion, and has good repositioning properties.

[0101] In addition, a first insulation layer is provided on the outside of the vent pipe 520, and a second insulation layer is provided on the inside of the housing 100 corresponding to the vent pipe 520. An elastic sealing element 521 is located between the first and second insulation layers. The provision of the first and second insulation layers helps to reduce heat transfer of the gas inside, thereby reducing heat loss.

[0102] like Figure 4 As shown, a second buffer chamber 550 is also provided between the second reaction chamber 400 and the third reaction chamber 500, and the second reaction gas flows into the third reaction chamber 500 after being buffered by the second buffer chamber 550. The outlet of the second lower gas outlet channel 4222 is connected to the third gas inlet channel 530 through the second buffer chamber 550.

[0103] When the second reaction chamber 400 has two reaction sub-chambers 410, the entire ammonia synthesis reaction unit has four reaction beds. This arrangement of four reaction beds is compact and has advantages in single-pass conversion efficiency and thermal energy utilization.

[0104] Furthermore, considering that the ammonia synthesis reactor has not yet undergone reactions in each reaction chamber during its first use, it is impossible to preheat the feed gas. If the ambient temperature feed gas directly enters the first reaction chamber 300, the reaction will fail to start because the temperature is below the catalyst activity threshold.

[0105] To address this technical problem, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the ammonia synthesis reactor also includes a thermal blast gas inlet 130, which is disposed on the housing 100. The thermal blast gas inlet 130 is used to input thermal blast gas into the first reaction chamber 300 to heat the raw material gas that initially flows into the first reaction chamber 300.

[0106] Here, the thermal quenching feed gas is directionally introduced through the thermal quenching gas inlet 130, which helps to ensure that the temperature of the feed gas flowing into the first reaction chamber 300 meets the temperature conditions for the start-up of the reaction in the first reaction chamber 300. At the same time, the thermal quenching gas inlet 130 can also compensate for the impact of fluctuations in the flow rate or pressure of the green hydrogen feed gas on the reaction bed temperature.

[0107] like Figure 3 As shown, the hot blast gas inlet 130 is specifically connected to the first mixing chamber 340 via the hot blast gas pipe 131. The hot blast raw material gas and the low-temperature raw material gas flowing out from the second channel 460 are mixed in the first mixing chamber 340 and then flow into the first reaction chamber 300. This arrangement helps to ensure the temperature of the raw material gas flowing into the first reaction chamber 300. It should be noted that the hot blast gas inlet 130 is only opened during the initial use of the ammonia synthesis reactor and can be closed after completion.

[0108] In addition, nitrogen purging pipes can be installed inside each reaction bed to purge nitrogen into the corresponding reaction bed to meet usage requirements. To facilitate temperature monitoring of the reaction bed, thermocouples can also be installed on the reaction bed. An mounting tube is installed inside the reaction bed, and the thermocouples can be arranged inside the mounting tube.

[0109] The ammonia synthesis reactor of this application embodiment features three reaction chambers, one cold gas inlet 120, and two heat exchangers 440. Through staged reactions in multiple reaction beds, the cold gas inlet 120 regulating the gas temperature flowing into the second reaction chamber 400, and the synergistic effect of staged heat recovery by the heat exchangers 440, the thermal energy utilization rate is improved. This also helps to solve the core technical problems in green ammonia synthesis, such as poor adaptability to raw material fluctuations, low single-pass conversion rate, and insufficient heat recovery efficiency.

[0110] By decomposing the reaction process into a step-by-step reaction in three reaction chambers, combined with the injection of chilled feed gas and temperature control of heat exchanger 440, the reaction temperature distribution is made closer to the optimal temperature curve for ammonia synthesis, thus improving the single-pass conversion efficiency of ammonia synthesis. Simultaneously, it also helps reduce the amount of unreacted gas circulating, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the gas circulation compressor.

[0111] In the ammonia synthesis reactor of this application, the cooling of the first reactant gas in the first reaction chamber 300 is achieved by quenching the feed gas, and the cooling of the process reactant gas and the second reactant gas in the second reaction chamber 400 is achieved by heat exchanger 440. Through finely staged reactions in multiple reaction beds in the three reaction chambers, the reaction process temperature is made closer to the reaction temperature curve.

[0112] Furthermore, the reaction path is optimized through the cooperation of a cold gas inlet 120 and a heat exchanger 440. The reaction heat energy is used for the stepwise preheating of the feed gas, and the preheated feed gas meets the reaction temperature requirements of the first reaction chamber 300.

[0113] The ammonia synthesis reactor of this application not only improves the ammonia synthesis efficiency and thermal energy utilization, but also controls the temperature rise of the reaction bed, thereby extending its service life. Simultaneously, the net ammonia value per pass can be increased by more than 15% compared to traditional three-bed reaction gases, thus providing a solution for green ammonia synthesis that combines economic efficiency, environmental friendliness, and operational flexibility.

[0114] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein.

[0115] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope.

Claims

1. An ammonia synthesis reaction apparatus, characterized in that, include: Casing (100); A cylinder (200) is disposed inside the shell (100), and a ventilation channel (210) is formed between the cylinder (200) and the shell (100) for connecting raw material gas; The cylinder (200) has a first reaction chamber (300), a second reaction chamber (400), and a third reaction chamber (500) connected in sequence. The first reaction chamber (300), the second reaction chamber (400), and the third reaction chamber (500) are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the cylinder (200). The second reaction chamber (400) has a first channel (450) and a second channel (460). The second channel (460) is sleeved outside the first channel (450). The inlet of the first channel (450) is connected to the vent (210) to receive the raw material gas. The outlet of the first channel (450) is connected to the first reaction chamber (300) through the second channel (460) so that the first reaction chamber (300) reacts the raw material gas to form a first reaction gas. The second reaction chamber (400) is used to receive the first reaction gas and react the first reaction gas to form a second reaction gas, and the second channel (460) is used to cool the second reaction gas; The third reaction chamber (500) is used to receive the second reaction gas, react the second reaction gas to form the third reaction gas, and discharge the third reaction gas from the housing (100).

2. The ammonia synthesis reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first reaction chamber (300) has a first reaction bed (310), the outer side of the first reaction bed (310) has a first air inlet channel (320), and the inner side of the first reaction bed (310) has a first air outlet channel (330). The first air inlet channel (320) is connected to the second channel (460) to introduce the raw material gas into the first reaction bed (310), and the first air outlet channel (330) is connected to the second reaction chamber (400) to input the first reaction gas into the second reaction chamber (400).

3. The ammonia synthesis reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second reaction chamber (400) has at least two sequentially connected reaction sub-chambers (410), and the at least two reaction sub-chambers (410) are arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder (200); The first reaction gas flows sequentially through each of the reaction chambers (410), and each of the reaction chambers (410) reacts the first reaction gas sequentially to form process reaction gas. The downstream reaction chamber (410) reacts the process reaction gas to form the second reaction gas. Both the first channel (450) and the second channel (460) pass through each of the reaction chambers (410), and the second channel (460) is also used to cool the process reaction gas.

4. The ammonia synthesis reaction apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second reaction chamber (400) also includes a central tube (430) and at least two heat exchangers (440) connected in sequence. The central tube (430) passes through the first reaction chamber (300) and the second reaction chamber (400). One end of the central tube (430) is connected to the ventilation channel (210), and the other end is connected to the second channel (460). The first channel (450) is located inside the central tube (430). At least two heat exchangers (440) are fitted outside the central tube (430), and the tube side of each heat exchanger (440) is connected in sequence to form the second channel (460). The shell side of the heat exchanger (440) is used to connect two adjacent reaction chambers (410) to cool the process reaction gas. Alternatively, the shell side of the heat exchanger (440) is used to connect the downstream reaction chamber (410) and the third reaction chamber (500) to cool the second reaction gas.

5. The ammonia synthesis reaction apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second reaction chamber (400) has at least two second reaction beds (420), each of the second reaction beds (420) is respectively disposed in the reaction sub-chamber (410), the outer side of the second reaction bed (420) has a second air inlet channel (4210), and the inner side of the second reaction bed (420) has a second air outlet channel (4220). The shell side of one of the heat exchangers (440) is connected between the downstream second outlet passage (4220) and the third reaction chamber (500) to cool the second reaction gas, and the shell sides of the other heat exchangers (440) are respectively connected between the adjacent second outlet passage (4220) and the second inlet passage (4210) to cool the process reaction gas.

6. The ammonia synthesis reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The third reaction chamber (500) has a third reaction bed (510) and an exhaust pipe (520). The outer side of the third reaction bed (510) has a third air inlet channel (530), and the inner side of the third reaction bed (510) has a third exhaust channel (540). The third air inlet channel (530) is connected to the second reaction chamber (400). The vent pipe (520) is disposed on the housing (100). One end of the vent pipe (520) is connected to the third vent channel (540), and the other end is located outside the housing (100). The vent pipe (520) is used to discharge the third reaction gas.

7. The ammonia synthesis reaction apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ammonia synthesis reaction apparatus further includes an elastic seal (521), which is disposed between the housing (100) and the gas outlet pipe (520).

8. The ammonia synthesis reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The ammonia synthesis reaction apparatus further includes a cold quench gas inlet (120), which is disposed on the housing (100). The cold quench gas inlet (120) is used to input cold quench gas into the outlet of the first reaction chamber (300) to cool the first reaction gas.

9. The ammonia synthesis reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The ammonia synthesis reaction apparatus further includes a thermal quench gas inlet (130), which is disposed on the housing (100). The thermal quench gas inlet (130) is used to input thermal quench gas into the first reaction chamber (300) to heat the raw material gas that initially flows into the first reaction chamber (300).

10. The ammonia synthesis reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The housing (100) is provided with a raw material air inlet (110), which is connected to the air passage (210) for inputting the raw material gas; The housing (100) is provided with a baffle (140) located inside the raw material inlet (110).

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