Quantum random number generator for multi-channel parallel processing

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multi-channel parallel processing quantum random number generator, which comprises a super-radiation light-emitting diode, an optical coupler, a data acquisition array and an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) chip, and is characterized in that amplified spontaneous emission noise of the super-radiation light-emitting diode is used as a quantum entropy source to emit quantum entropy; the optical coupler is used for sending the quantum entropy to the data acquisition array; the data acquisition array is used for performing multi-path signal processing on the quantum entropy signal and outputting a digital signal; and the FPGA chip performs post-processing on the digital signal to generate a random number bit string. According to the utility model, the amplified spontaneous emission ASE noise of the SLED is used as a quantum entropy source, and the emergent light of the SLED is sent to the data acquisition array through the optical coupler. The data acquisition array is connected in parallel through a plurality of data acquisition modules, the real-time generation rate of the data post-processing method based on the XOR method or the Teplitz-Hash function reaches the Gbps magnitude, and the acquisition and production efficiency of random numbers is greatly improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of commercial password and quantum random number generator, concretely relates to quantum random number generator of multiway parallel processing. BACKGROUND

[0002] Quantum random number generator (QRNG) is a kind of device for generating true random numbers using quantum mechanics principles, and is the only true random number generator that can be theoretically verified so far.Random numbers are a sequence of 0, 1 random distribution.According to the principle of generation, it can be divided into pseudo-random numbers and true random numbers.Pseudo-random numbers are generated by a specific algorithm and a specific seed, although some random statistical tests can be performed, but it is not a truly random random number, once the algorithm and seed value are determined, the random number sequence is determined, therefore, it cannot meet the needs in the high security protection field.

[0003] True random numbers are random numbers generated by physical processes in nature, i.e.physical random numbers, for example, the commonly used WNG series commercial RNG chips in China, which can achieve a random number generation rate of 20Mbps based on resistance thermal noise.However, resistance thermal noise, oscillator frequency jitter, electronic component noise and other ways of generating random numbers using classical physical processes cannot guarantee complete randomness in essence, because the classical physical process may be affected by attackers.

[0004] Quantum random number generator (QRNG) uses the basic principles of quantum mechanics to generate ideal true random numbers through quantum physical processes, which is fundamentally different from the commonly used pseudo-random number generator based on mathematical algorithms, and is a key technology of commercial cryptography and quantum key distribution system (QKD). After years of development, there are now several quantum random number generator schemes:

[0005] 1. Based on single photon path selection scheme

[0006] When 1 single photon passes through a 50:50 beam splitter (BS), the probability of selecting 2 paths to propagate is equal.Each of the 2 output ends of the beam splitter is provided with a single photon detector (SPD), and according to the detection result, 1 bit of random number "0" or "1" can be obtained.This scheme is a typical representative of the commercial QRNG product produced by ID Quantique Company, and the real-time generation rate can only reach 4-16Mbps, because in this scheme, at most 1 bit of randomness can be generated for each detection event, and the generation rate is severely limited by the counting rate of the SPD.

[0007] 2. Photon arrival time based scheme

[0008] The photon arrival time based scheme is proposed to address the low rate drawback of scheme 1, which generates random numbers by measuring and quantizing the arrival time of successive photons relative to an external periodic reference. This solves the fundamental flaw in scheme 1 that a single photon detection time can only generate 1 bit of randomness, and instead can yield multiple bits of random data, thereby increasing the random number generation rate to the order of 100 Mbps.

[0009] However, this scheme is still fundamentally limited by the performance bottleneck of SPD, and its random number generation rate can only gradually increase with the increase of PD count rate, far from meeting the current development needs of high-speed quantum communication applications.

[0010] 3. Laser phase noise based scheme

[0011] The core improvement of this scheme is to replace the SPD with a mature photodiode (PD), and its randomness comes from the random phase fluctuations of spontaneous emission photons. In order to be detected by the PD, the random phase fluctuations of the photons need to be converted into random light intensity fluctuations after passing through an interferometer. The output of the PD is digitized by a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to obtain the original random data.

[0012] This scheme can greatly improve the random number generation rate. According to literature, a university has implemented an experimental device for this scheme, which can generate off-line at a rate of 68 Gbps and online at a rate of 3.2 Gbps.

[0013] However, in general, this scheme has the drawbacks of complex structure, many components, and the need for dynamic feedback control. Because of the difficulty of implementation and the disadvantage of miniaturization, the application scenarios are limited.

[0014] Based on the shortcomings of the above existing schemes, it is necessary to improve the existing random number generator. SUMMARY

[0015] In order to solve the above technical problems, a quantum random number generator with high random number generation efficiency and multi-channel parallel processing is proposed.

[0016] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows: a quantum random number generator with multi-channel parallel processing, comprising a superluminescent diode, an optical coupler, a data acquisition array and a FPGA chip, wherein:

[0017] The amplified spontaneous emission noise of the superluminescent light emitting diode is used as a quantum entropy source to emit quantum entropy;

[0018] The optical coupler is used to send the quantum entropy into a data acquisition array;

[0019] The data acquisition array is used to perform multiplexed signal processing on the quantum entropy signal to output a digital signal;

[0020] The FPGA chip is used to post-process the digital signal to generate a random number bit string.

[0021] Preferably, the data acquisition array comprises a plurality of parallelly connected data acquisition modules.

[0022] Preferably, any one of the data acquisition modules comprises a filter, a photodiode, an amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter.

[0023] The filter is used to adjust the light intensity distribution by adjusting the central wavelength.

[0024] The photodiode is used to output a current signal.

[0025] The amplifier is used to amplify the current signal and convert it into a voltage signal.

[0026] The analog-to-digital converter is used to process the voltage signal into a digital signal and send it to the FPGA chip.

[0027] Preferably, the FPGA chip is of the Intel Stratix 10 series model.

[0028] Preferably, the central wavelengths of the filters of each of the acquisition modules are different.

[0029] The superluminescent light emitting diode (SLED) of the utility model adopts the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise as a quantum entropy source, and the emitted light of the SLED is sent into a data acquisition array through an optical coupler. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The utility model relates to a kind of quantum random number generators of multiplexed parallel processing, and its overall structure block diagram is shown in the figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the utility model more clear and explicit, the utility model is further described in detail below with examples, but the scope of protection required by the utility model is not limited to the following specific examples.

[0032] As Figure 1As shown, a quantum random number generator of multi-channel parallel processing includes a superluminescent diode SLED, an optical coupler, a data acquisition array and an FPGA chip, wherein:

[0033] The amplified spontaneous emission noise of the superluminescent diode SLED emits quantum entropy as a quantum entropy source; the superluminescent diode SLED light emitting process is that a large number of atomic spontaneous emissions are amplified once through a gain medium to produce stimulated avalanche effect, so that the light emitting intensity increases linearly, and the initial spontaneous emission dominates the rapid evolution to the stimulated emission, that is, the amplified spontaneous emission. The quantum principle ensures that the atomic spontaneous emission is completely probabilistic and unpredictable, so that the random number output by the scheme has unpredictability and non-repeatability, and has theoretical true randomness. The binary sequence obtained by measuring the light intensity of the superluminescent diode SLED is also a true random sequence.

[0034] The optical coupler is used for transmitting quantum entropy to the data acquisition array;

[0035] The data acquisition array is used for multi-channel signal processing of quantum entropy signals to output digital signals;

[0036] The FPGA chip performs post-processing on the digital signals to form a random number bit string conforming to quantum security.

[0037] Specifically, the data acquisition array includes a plurality of parallelly connected data acquisition modules, and four parallelly connected data acquisition modules are adopted in the embodiment. Each data acquisition module includes a filter, a photodiode PD, an amplifier AMP and an analog-to-digital converter ADC.

[0038] The filter adjusts the light intensity distribution of the quantum entropy by adjusting the center wavelength of the quantum entropy, and the center wavelengths of the filters of each acquisition module are different; the bandwidth of the filter needs to be one order of magnitude higher than the bandwidth of the photodiode PD, so that the light intensity distribution detected by the photodiode PD is approximately degenerate Bose-Einstein distribution of Gaussian distribution. The center wavelengths of the filters of different acquisition modules are different, which also ensures that there is no correlation between the output sequences of different modules.

[0039] The photodiode is used for converting quantum entropy from optical signals into electrical signals and outputting current signals;

[0040] The amplifier is used for amplifying the current signals and converting them into voltage signals.

[0041] The analog-to-digital converter processes the voltage signal into a digital signal and sends it to the FPGA chip. The FPGA chip adopts an Intel Stratix 10 series chip, and in this embodiment, a Stratix® 10 TX 1650 FPGA chip is adopted.

[0042] The multi-channel digital signal is processed by the FPGA chip data post-processing module to form a random number bit string conforming to quantum security. Here, the post-processing module of the chip is a module provided by the FPGA chip itself, and no additional program needs to be loaded to realize it.

[0043] The mature PD is adopted in the scheme to detect the intensity of incident light, which can theoretically ensure that the real-time generation rate of random numbers reaches the Gbps level or even the 10Gbps level. The data post-processing method based on the XOR method or the Trivium hash function can also ensure sufficient real-time performance. Embodiment

[0044] The scheme can also have a light intensity control module in the FPGA to adjust the output power of the SLED. The light intensity control module can periodically count the maximum value of the ADC output data and compare it with the set reference value, and increase or decrease the SLED working current according to the comparison result; if the SLED working current has been adjusted to the maximum, a warning signal is sent. Note that the SLED device with adjustable power is required to be selected, and the initial working current of the SLED is set to an intermediate value. Through this feedback control mechanism, the effective life of the device can be prolonged.

[0045] The utility model discloses the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise of SLED as quantum entropy source, and the SLED emission light is sent into the data acquisition array through the optical coupler. The data acquisition array is connected in parallel through a plurality of data acquisition modules, and the data post-processing method based on the XOR method or the Trivium hash function can generate the rate to reach the Gbps level in real time, which greatly improves the collection and production efficiency of random numbers.

[0046] According to the disclosure and teaching of the above description, those skilled in the art of the utility model can also change and modify the above embodiments. Therefore, the utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and changes of the utility model should fall within the protection scope of the claims of the utility model. In addition, although some specific terms are used in the specification, these terms are only for convenience and do not constitute any limitation on the utility model.

Claims

1. A quantum random number generator for multipath parallel processing, characterized in that, The application relates to a quantum entropy generation device, which comprises a super radiation light emitting diode, a light coupler, a data acquisition array and an FPGA chip, wherein: The super radiation light emitting diode emits quantum entropy by amplifying spontaneous emission noise as a quantum entropy source; The light coupler is used for transmitting quantum entropy into the data acquisition array; The data acquisition array is used for carrying out multi-channel signal processing on the quantum entropy signal and outputting a digital signal; The FPGA chip generates a random number bit string by post-processing the digital signal.

2. A quantum random number generator for parallel processing of multiple paths as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The data acquisition array comprises a plurality of parallelly connected data acquisition modules.

3. A quantum random number generator for parallel processing of multiple paths as defined in claim 2, wherein, Any one of the data acquisition modules comprises a filter, a photodiode, an amplifier and an analog-digital converter; The filter adjusts the light intensity distribution by adjusting the central wavelength of the quantum entropy; The photodiode is used for converting the quantum entropy from an optical signal into an electrical signal and outputting an electric current signal; The amplifier is used for amplifying the electric current signal and converting the electric current signal into a voltage signal; The analog-digital converter processes the voltage signal into a digital signal and transmits the digital signal to the FPGA chip.

4. A quantum random number generator for parallel processing of multiple paths as defined in claim 3, wherein, The FPGA chip adopts an Intel Stratix 10 series chip.

5. A quantum random number generator for parallel processing of multiple paths as defined in claim 4, wherein, The central wavelengths of the filters of the data acquisition modules are different.

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