Turbocharger, engine and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a turbocharger, an engine and a vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of automobile engines, the turbocharger comprises an actuator, and the actuator comprises a main cylinder, a first piston, a second piston, a third piston and a fourth piston, the push rod is arranged in the main cylinder and is coaxial with the main cylinder, one end of the push rod is connected with a working piece, the other end of the push rod extends out of the main cylinder, and the working piece is used for driving the push rod to move in the axial direction of the working piece; the adjusting part is arranged at the end, away from the main cylinder body, of the push rod and is in threaded connection with the push rod, and the adjusting part rotates to drive the push rod to move in the axial direction of the adjusting part; the visual barrel is arranged on the periphery of the push rod in a sleeving mode and connected with the end of the main barrel, pressure scales are arranged on the visual barrel in the axial direction, and a pointer pointing to the pressure scales is fixedly connected to the push rod; according to the application, pressure visualization is realized, the calibration pressure can be conveniently adjusted and tested, and meanwhile, fault judgment can also be conveniently carried out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of automotive engine technology, and more specifically, to a turbocharger, engine, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] A turbocharger is an air compressor that increases the intake air volume by compressing air. A wastegate turbocharger (WGT) is a more widely used and efficient method of boosting, consisting of a turbine, compressor, intermediate housing, exhaust bypass valve, and actuator. The WGT turbocharger uses the energy of the exhaust gases from the engine to drive the turbine, which in turn drives a coaxial compressor impeller. The impeller compresses fresh air supplied through the air filter and forces it into the engine cylinders.

[0003] WGT turbochargers are available with either pneumatic or electric actuators. Pneumatic actuators control the opening of the exhaust bypass valve by adjusting the boost pressure at the pressure end, thereby controlling the amount of bypassed exhaust gas. This bypass control prevents excessive boost pressure from causing turbocharger overspeed. The actuator's rated pressure has a significant impact on turbocharger performance. During the turbocharger performance development phase, adjusting the rated pressure by adjusting the actuator spring preload is a crucial method to ensure the achievement of engine performance development goals while adhering to the hardware's usability limits.

[0004] In the engine testing lab of an OEM, it is often necessary to adjust the preload of pneumatic actuators to test turbocharger performance on an engine bench and lock in the final state. The preload needs to be finely adjusted multiple times on the bench to ensure proper positioning. Excessive loosening will lead to a decrease in intake volume at medium to high speeds and under heavy loads, an increase in exhaust temperature, and a decrease in fuel consumption; excessive tightening will lead to an increase in intake volume at medium to high speeds and under heavy loads and a decrease in exhaust temperature, but there is a risk of overspeeding.

[0005] Currently, the pressure calibration method for turbocharger actuators involves the supplier setting a preset calibration pressure based on performance input. During the bench performance development phase, to achieve a balance between performance and fuel consumption, the calibration pressure usually needs to be adjusted. However, existing actuators cannot display the calibration pressure, requiring the turbocharger to be returned to the supplier for calibration pressure testing and adjustment on the supplier's test bench before returning to the bench for engine performance retesting. This often necessitates multiple rounds of back-and-forth operations, resulting in poor convenience and timeliness, severely impacting project progress and hindering turbocharger performance development. Utility Model Content

[0006] This application aims to provide a turbocharger, engine, and vehicle, which solves the inconvenience caused by the turbocharger actuator's inability to display the calibrated pressure and the need to return it to the supplier for calibration pressure testing in the prior art.

[0007] A turbocharger includes an actuator, the actuator comprising:

[0008] The main cylinder contains a working component; a push rod is coaxially arranged within the main cylinder, with one end connected to the working component and the other end extending out of the main cylinder, the working component driving the push rod to move axially; an adjustment part is located at the end of the push rod away from the main cylinder and threadedly connected to the push rod, the adjustment part driving the push rod to move axially via rotation; a visible cylinder is sleeved around the push rod and connected to the end of the main cylinder, the visible cylinder having a pressure scale along its axial direction, and a pointer pointing to the pressure scale is fixedly connected to the push rod.

[0009] Optionally, the adjusting part includes: a sleeve sleeved on the end of the push rod away from the main cylinder; and an adjusting nut disposed on the sleeve and rotatably connected to the sleeve, wherein the end of the push rod away from the main cylinder is provided with an external thread, and the adjusting nut is threadedly engaged with the push rod.

[0010] Optionally, the pressure scale change corresponding to one revolution of the adjusting nut is 8 kPa.

[0011] Optionally, the adjusting part further includes a locking nut, which is threaded onto the push rod and abuts against the adjusting nut.

[0012] Optionally, the material of the visible cylinder may include a transparent material, or a transparent window may be provided on the visible cylinder, and the pressure scale may be provided on the transparent window.

[0013] Optionally, the working component includes: an air film disposed inside the main cylinder and dividing the interior of the main cylinder into a first chamber and a second chamber that are independent of each other, wherein the main cylinder is provided with an air inlet communicating with the first chamber; a spring disposed in the second chamber, wherein one end of the spring is connected to the air film and the other end of the spring is connected to the inner wall of the main cylinder; and one end of the push rod away from the adjusting part is connected to the side of the air film facing the second chamber.

[0014] Optionally, the turbocharger further includes a housing, and the main cylinder or the visible cylinder is mounted on the housing via a bracket; an exhaust bypass pipe is formed inside the housing, and a bypass valve is provided in the exhaust bypass pipe. The bypass valve is movably connected to the housing, and an adapter is provided on the bypass valve. The end of the sleeve away from the main cylinder is connected to the bypass valve through the adapter.

[0015] Optionally, the adapter is fixedly connected to the bypass valve, one end of the adapter is hinged to the housing, and the other end of the adapter is hinged to the sleeve.

[0016] Beneficial effects:

[0017] The turbocharger described in this application includes an actuator. An adjustment section is threadedly connected to a pushrod. During the development and testing phase, technicians can operate the adjustment section to move the pushrod axially, adjusting the actuator spring preload and thus the calibration pressure. Furthermore, the inclusion of a visual cylinder, pressure scale, and pointer allows the pointer to move synchronously with the pushrod during adjustment, pointing to the corresponding pressure scale. This enables technicians to easily and intuitively view the current calibration pressure, achieving pressure visualization. The entire process of adjusting and testing the calibration pressure can be completed directly on the engine test bench without returning to the supplier, greatly simplifying the turbocharger selection process. Moreover, after the turbocharger is applied to a vehicle, the visualized pressure scale facilitates fault diagnosis, improving the efficiency of quality problem resolution.

[0018] This application also provides an engine including the turbocharger described above.

[0019] The advantages of the engine and the turbocharger over the prior art are the same, and will not be elaborated here.

[0020] This application also provides a vehicle including the turbocharger as described above or the engine as described above.

[0021] The advantages of the vehicle and the turbocharger over the prior art are the same, and will not be elaborated here. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a turbocharger according to an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the actuator of a turbocharger according to an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the actuator sleeve and the bypass valve in a turbocharger according to an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0027] 1. Housing; 2. Actuator; 211. Main cylinder; 212. Visible cylinder; 221. Push rod; 222. Pointer; 223. Pressure scale; 231. Sleeve; 232. Adjusting nut; 233. Locking nut; 241. Air film; 242. Spring; 243. First chamber; 244. Second chamber; A. Vortex end gas inlet; B. Vortex end gas outlet; C. Pressure end gas inlet; D. Pressure end gas outlet; 3. Adapter; 4. Bypass valve. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] In related technologies, the pressure calibration method for turbocharger actuators involves the supplier setting a preset calibration pressure based on performance input. During the bench performance development phase, to achieve a balance between performance and fuel consumption, the calibration pressure usually needs to be adjusted. However, existing actuators cannot display the calibration pressure, requiring the turbocharger to be returned to the supplier for calibration pressure testing and adjustment on the supplier's test bench before returning to the bench for engine performance retesting. This often requires multiple rounds of back-and-forth operations, resulting in poor convenience and timeliness, severely impacting project progress and hindering turbocharger performance development.

[0030] In view of this, embodiments of this application propose a turbocharger.

[0031] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 A turbocharger includes an actuator 2, said actuator 2 comprising:

[0032] The main cylinder 211 has a working component inside; a push rod 221 is coaxially arranged in the main cylinder 211, one end of the push rod 221 is connected to the working component, and the other end of the push rod 221 extends out of the main cylinder 211, the working component is used to drive the push rod 221 to move axially; an adjustment part is provided at the end of the push rod 221 away from the main cylinder 211 and is threadedly connected to the push rod 221, the adjustment part drives the push rod 221 to move axially via rotation; a visible cylinder 212 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the push rod 221 and connected to the end of the main cylinder 211, the visible cylinder 212 is provided with a pressure scale 223 along the axial direction, and a pointer 222 pointing to the pressure scale 223 is fixedly connected to the push rod 221.

[0033] The working components include: an air film 241 disposed inside the main cylinder 211 and dividing the interior of the main cylinder 211 into a first chamber 243 and a second chamber 244, wherein the main cylinder 211 is provided with an air inlet communicating with the first chamber 243; a spring 242 disposed in the second chamber 244, wherein one end of the spring 242 is connected to the air film 241 and the other end of the spring 242 is connected to the inner wall of the main cylinder 211; and a push rod 221 whose end away from the adjusting part is connected to the side of the air film 241 facing the second chamber 244.

[0034] See Figure 2 Actuator 2 is a component that controls the opening of the turbocharger exhaust bypass valve 4, and includes a main cylinder 211, a push rod 221, an adjustment part, and a visible cylinder 212. The main cylinder 211 has a cylindrical structure, and the push rod 221 is installed axially in the main cylinder 211. One end of the push rod 221 is located inside the main cylinder 211, and the other end extends out of the main cylinder 211 to the outside. A working part is installed inside the main cylinder 211 and is connected to the push rod 221. The working part drives the push rod 221 to move axially via air pressure, so that the push rod 221 extends out of the main cylinder 211.

[0035] Specifically, the working components include a gas film 241 and a spring 242. The gas film 241 is installed inside the main cylinder 211 and divides its interior into two independent chambers, namely a first chamber 243 and a second chamber 244. An air inlet is provided on the main cylinder 211 at a position corresponding to the first chamber 243, communicating with the first chamber 243 and also communicating with the compressor outlet of the booster. The spring 242 is arranged axially along the main cylinder 211 inside the second chamber 244. The spring 242 is fitted around the outer periphery of the push rod 221, with one end connected to the gas film 241 and the other end connected to the inner wall of the main cylinder 211. One end of the push rod 221 located inside the main cylinder 211 is connected to the side of the gas film 241 facing the second chamber 244.

[0036] The air film 241 is deformable. A spring 242 is installed in the second chamber 244. The preload of the spring 242 affects the calibrated pressure of the actuator 2. When the pressure of the air entering the first chamber 243 reaches the preset calibrated pressure, it overcomes the elasticity of the spring 242, pushing the air film 241 to bulge outwards towards the second chamber 244. During this process, the spring 242 is gradually compressed. Simultaneously, the push rod 221 moves outwards towards the outside of the main cylinder 211 under the influence of the air film 241. An adjusting part is connected to the end of the push rod 221 away from the main cylinder 211. The adjusting part is connected to the waste gas bypass valve 4 of the booster. When the working part moves the push rod 221 outwards towards the outside of the main cylinder 211 under pneumatic drive, the push rod 221 moves the adjusting part synchronously, thereby opening the bypass valve 4 and allowing waste gas to be discharged through the bypass valve 4. When the air pressure in the first chamber 243 is lower than the preset calibrated pressure, the spring 242 automatically resets, causing the air film 241 to reset as well. Simultaneously, the push rod 221, driven by the air film 241, also moves towards the inside of the main cylinder 211 and resets. During the extension or retraction of the push rod 221, the spring 242 also acts as a buffer, making the movement of the push rod 221 smoother and more gradual, thus ensuring the working stability and service life of the actuator 2.

[0037] A visible cylinder 212 is fitted around the outer periphery of the push rod 221 and is connected to the end of the main cylinder 211. A pressure scale 223 is axially arranged on the visible cylinder 212, and a pointer 222 is fixed on the push rod 221, pointing to the pressure scale 223. When the actuator 2 is newly manufactured and not yet in operation, the pointer 222 indicates the scale position at the supplier-preset calibrated pressure value. When the push rod 221 moves axially, the pointer 222 moves synchronously with the push rod 221, thus pointing to the corresponding pressure scale value.

[0038] Since the adjusting part and the push rod 221 are connected by a thread, the adjusting part can drive the push rod 221 to move axially by rotating it. During the test and development phase of the booster and when the actuator 2 is not working, the preload of the spring 242 can be adjusted by rotating the adjusting part to move the position of the push rod 221, thereby adjusting the calibrated pressure of the actuator 2. Specifically, see Figure 2 When the adjusting push rod 221 moves to the left, the spring 242 is compressed, increasing the preload and thus the calibrated pressure. When the adjusting push rod 221 moves to the right, the spring 242 loosens, decreasing the preload and thus the calibrated pressure. Since the pointer 222 moves with the position of the push rod 221, the calibrated pressure value can be reflected by the pressure scale 223 indicated by the pointer 222 throughout the adjustment process, achieving pressure visualization. Technicians can directly adjust and test the calibrated pressure on the engine test bench without returning to the supplier, saving significant time, shortening the project cycle, and greatly facilitating the turbocharger selection process.

[0039] Once the turbocharger data is locked during the development phase, the calibration pressure of actuator 2 is completed and will not be changed arbitrarily. During vehicle application, if a turbocharger-related fault occurs, first check the pressure scale value pointed to by pointer 222 of actuator 2 in the non-operating state to determine if the current pressure deviates significantly from the initial calibration pressure. If a significant deviation exists, it may indicate a fault in actuator 2 or a problem where bypass valve 4 fails to close tightly. Therefore, the turbocharger described in this embodiment allows for quick and easy identification of problems when faults occur after mass production, improving the efficiency of quality issue resolution.

[0040] Optionally, the adjusting part includes: a sleeve 231, sleeved on the end of the push rod 221 away from the main cylinder 211; and an adjusting nut 232, disposed on the sleeve 231 and rotatably connected to the sleeve 231. The end of the push rod 221 away from the main cylinder 211 is provided with an external thread, and the adjusting nut 232 is threadedly engaged with the push rod 221.

[0041] Specifically, the adjusting unit includes a sleeve 231 and an adjusting nut 232. The sleeve 231 is coaxially arranged with the push rod 221, and the sleeve 231 is hollow. One end of the sleeve 231 near the push rod 221 is fitted onto the outside of the push rod 221, and the other end of the sleeve 231 away from the push rod 221 is connected to the bypass valve 4 of the booster. The adjusting nut 232 is mounted on the sleeve 231 and can rotate relative to the sleeve 231. The end of the push rod 221 near the sleeve 231 has an external thread, and the adjusting nut 232 is threadedly engaged with the push rod 221. When the calibrated pressure needs to be adjusted, turning the adjusting nut 232 will cause the push rod 221 to move axially, thus compressing or loosening the spring 242.

[0042] Optionally, the pressure scale 223 corresponding to one revolution of the adjusting nut 232 changes to 8 kPa.

[0043] In practical applications, the adjustment step of the adjusting nut 232 can be set reasonably as needed. Preferably, in this embodiment, the pressure scale 223 corresponding to one revolution of the adjusting nut 232 changes to 8 kPa.

[0044] Optionally, the adjusting part further includes a locking nut 233, which is threadedly connected to the push rod 221 and abuts against the adjusting nut 232.

[0045] Specifically, once the calibrated pressure is determined, a locking nut 233 is provided to prevent the adjusting nut 232 from rotating arbitrarily during use and causing changes in the calibrated pressure. The locking nut 233 is sleeved on the push rod 221 and threadedly engages with the push rod 221, and the locking nut 233 abuts against the end of the adjusting nut 232.

[0046] After adjusting the calibrated pressure using the adjusting nut 232, tighten the locking nut 233 to make it abut against the end of the adjusting nut 232, thus locking the adjusting nut 232 to prevent it from rotating arbitrarily during subsequent use and causing changes in the calibrated pressure. When it is necessary to adjust the calibrated pressure, first loosen the locking nut 233 away from the adjusting nut 232, and then adjust the position of the push rod 221 by rotating the adjusting nut 232, thereby adjusting the calibrated pressure.

[0047] Optionally, the material of the visible cylindrical body 212 may include a transparent material.

[0048] Specifically, in an optional embodiment, the visible cylinder 212 can be a transparent cylindrical structure made of transparent materials such as polycarbonate or acrylic, which makes it easy to see the internal structure of the cylinder to determine the position of the pointer 222 and thus determine the corresponding pressure value.

[0049] Optionally, a transparent window is provided on the visible cylinder 212, and the pressure scale 223 is provided on the transparent window.

[0050] In another alternative embodiment, visualization can also be achieved by partially opening a transparent window on the opaque cylindrical structure. The pressure scale 223 is set on the transparent window, and the position of the pointer 222 can be seen through the transparent window, thereby determining the corresponding pressure value.

[0051] Furthermore, in an optional embodiment, the pointer 222 may include a rod and a head, wherein the rod is used to connect and fix with the push rod 221, and the head may be configured to be conical, pointing to the pressure scale 223.

[0052] In another alternative embodiment, to further adapt to the shape of the visible cylinder 212, the pointer 222 can also be configured as an annular plate structure, coaxially sleeved on the outer periphery of the push rod 221, with the outer edge of the annular plate structure indicating the pressure scale 223.

[0053] To further facilitate identification of the scale position indicated by pointer 222, pointer 222 can be set to red or other conspicuous colors, and can be distinguished from the color of pressure scale 223, so as to facilitate technicians to accurately judge the pressure value.

[0054] Optionally, the turbocharger further includes a housing 1, and the main cylinder 211 or the visible cylinder 212 is mounted on the housing 1 by a bracket; an exhaust bypass pipe is formed inside the housing 1, and a bypass valve 4 is provided in the exhaust bypass pipe. The bypass valve 4 is movably connected to the housing 1, and an adapter 3 is provided on the bypass valve 4. One end of the sleeve 231 away from the main cylinder 211 is connected to the bypass valve 4 through the adapter 3.

[0055] For details, see Figure 1 The turbocharger also includes a housing 1, and the main cylinder 211 or visible cylinder 212 of the actuator 2 is mounted and fixed on the housing 1 by a bracket. Inside the housing 1, a turbine and a compressor are arranged. The turbine and the compressor impeller are coaxially connected. The housing 1 has a vortex-end gas inlet A, a vortex-end gas outlet B, a pressure-end gas inlet C, and a pressure-end gas outlet D. Exhaust gas from the engine enters through the vortex-end gas inlet A, driving the turbine to rotate. The turbine drives the coaxial compressor impeller to rotate, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the vortex-end gas outlet B. Fresh air enters through the pressure-end gas inlet C, is pressurized by the rotating impeller, and is output through the pressure-end gas outlet D into the engine cylinder, and through a pipe into the actuator 2.

[0056] An exhaust bypass pipe is also formed inside the housing 1. This pipe is located at the turbine end and is used to discharge a portion of the exhaust gas when the turbocharger speed is too high or the exhaust gas volume is large. A bypass valve 4 is located in the exhaust bypass pipe and is movably connected to the housing 1. The bypass valve 4 is connected to the sleeve 231 via an adapter 3. When the pressure of the boosted air entering the actuator 2 is greater than or equal to the rated pressure, the actuator 2 operates, the push rod 221 extends outward, and the sleeve 231 moves with the push rod 221, causing the bypass valve 4 to actuate, thereby opening the exhaust bypass pipe. By controlling the bypass exhaust gas volume, excessive boost pressure is prevented from causing the turbocharger to overspeed.

[0057] Optionally, the adapter 3 is fixedly connected to the bypass valve 4, one end of the adapter 3 is hinged to the outer casing 1, and the other end of the adapter 3 is connected to the sleeve 231.

[0058] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the adapter 3 is fixed on the bypass valve 4. The upper end of the adapter 3 is hinged to the outer shell 1, and the lower end of the adapter 3 is hinged to the sleeve 231. When the actuator 2 works, the push rod 221 extends outward to the outside of the main cylinder 211, driving the sleeve 231 to move to the left along the axial direction. The movement of the sleeve 231 causes the adapter 3 to rotate counterclockwise around the hinge point at its upper end, thereby driving the bypass valve 4 to open.

[0059] The turbocharger described in this application has a simple structure and is easy to use. It is suitable for engines using WGT turbochargers. During the development and testing phase, technicians can operate the adjustment unit to move the push rod axially, thereby adjusting the actuator spring preload and thus the calibration pressure. During the adjustment process, the pointer moves synchronously with the push rod to point to the corresponding pressure scale, making the pressure visible. The entire process of adjusting and testing the calibration pressure can be completed directly on the engine test bench, solving the problem of multiple trips to suppliers during the development phase of existing turbochargers, saving time and greatly facilitating the selection of turbochargers for projects. Furthermore, applying the turbocharger described in this embodiment to vehicles allows for quick and easy problem identification when malfunctions occur after mass production, improving the efficiency of quality problem resolution and demonstrating strong practicality.

[0060] This application also provides an engine, including the turbocharger described above.

[0061] The advantages of the engine and the turbocharger over the prior art are the same, and will not be elaborated here.

[0062] This application also provides a vehicle, including the turbocharger described above or the engine described above.

[0063] The advantages of the vehicle and the turbocharger over the prior art are the same, and will not be elaborated here.

[0064] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0065] It should also be noted that, in this document, the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations, nor should they be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Moreover, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the phrase "includes a..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes the element.

[0066] The technical solutions provided in this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand this application, and the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, for those skilled in the art, there will be different forms of changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on this application. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all implementation methods here, and obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A turbocharger, characterized in that, include: Actuator (2), said actuator (2) comprising: The main cylinder (211) has working parts inside it; A push rod (221) is arranged in the main cylinder (211) and coaxially with the main cylinder (211). One end of the push rod (221) is connected to the working piece, and the other end of the push rod (221) extends out of the main cylinder (211). The working piece is used to drive the push rod (221) to move along its axial direction. An adjustment part is provided at one end of the push rod (221) away from the main cylinder (211) and is threadedly connected to the push rod (221). The adjustment part is used to drive the push rod (221) to move along its axial direction by rotation. A visible cylinder (212) is fitted around the outer periphery of the push rod (221) and connected to the end of the main cylinder (211). A pressure scale (223) is provided on the visible cylinder (212) along the axial direction. A pointer (222) pointing to the pressure scale (223) is fixedly connected to the push rod (221).

2. The turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment unit includes: A sleeve (231) is fitted onto the end of the push rod (221) away from the main cylinder (211); An adjusting nut (232) is provided on the sleeve (231) and rotatably connected to the sleeve (231). The end of the push rod (221) away from the main cylinder (211) is provided with an external thread. The adjusting nut (232) is threadedly engaged with the push rod (221).

3. The turbocharger according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure scale (223) corresponding to one revolution of the adjusting nut (232) changes to 8 kPa.

4. The turbocharger according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjusting part also includes a locking nut (233); The locking nut (233) is threaded onto the push rod (221), and the locking nut (233) abuts against the adjusting nut (232).

5. The turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the visible cylinder (212) includes a transparent material, or a transparent window is provided on the visible cylinder (212), and the pressure scale (223) is provided on the transparent window.

6. The turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workpiece includes: An air film (241) is disposed inside the main cylinder (211) and divides the interior of the main cylinder (211) into a first chamber (243) and a second chamber (244) that are independent of each other. An air inlet communicating with the first chamber (243) is provided on the main cylinder (211). A spring (242) is disposed in the second chamber (244), one end of the spring (242) is connected to the air film (241), and the other end of the spring (242) is connected to the inner wall of the main cylinder (211); The end of the push rod (221) away from the adjustment part is connected to the side of the air film (241) facing the second chamber (244).

7. The turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The turbocharger also includes a housing (1), and the main cylinder (211) or the visible cylinder (212) is mounted on the housing (1) by a bracket; An exhaust bypass pipe is formed inside the outer shell (1), and a bypass valve (4) is provided in the exhaust bypass pipe. The bypass valve (4) is movably connected to the outer shell (1), and an adapter (3) is provided on the bypass valve (4). The end of the sleeve (231) away from the main cylinder (211) is connected to the bypass valve (4) through the adapter (3).

8. The turbocharger according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adapter (3) is fixedly connected to the bypass valve (4), one end of the adapter (3) is hinged to the outer shell (1), and the other end of the adapter (3) is hinged to the sleeve (231).

9. An engine, characterized in that, Includes the turbocharger as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, It includes a turbocharger as described in any one of claims 1-8, or an engine as described in claim 9.

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