Magnetic storage battery structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to a magnetic storage battery structure which comprises a battery inner cavity shell (9), a positive electrode current collector (8), a negative electrode current collector (12), a battery diaphragm (6) and a shell cover plate (5), electrolyte (10) is filled in the battery inner cavity shell (9), the positive electrode current collector (8) and the negative electrode current collector (12) are oppositely arranged on the inner wall of the battery inner cavity shell (9), one or more magnets are arranged on the outer wall of the battery inner cavity shell (9), and the shell cover plate (5) is arranged on the outer wall of the battery inner cavity shell (9). And the battery diaphragm (6) is arranged between the battery inner cavity shell (9) and the shell cover plate (5), or is arranged in the battery inner cavity shell (9) and divides the inner cavity of the battery inner cavity shell (9) into two symmetrical parts. Compared with the prior art, the battery disclosed by the utility model has the advantages of improving the structural stability of the electrode material, improving the performance of the electrode and the electrolyte and prolonging the service life of the storage battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of battery technology, and in particular relates to a novel magnetic battery structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of battery technology, significant improvements have been made in technical indicators such as energy density and charge-discharge cycle life of lithium-ion batteries, leading to their widespread application. However, their shortcomings are as follows: First, although the cost of lithium iron phosphate batteries has decreased to some extent compared to lithium cobalt oxide batteries or nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary lithium batteries, their cost remains relatively high for large-scale energy storage applications, hindering their widespread adoption. Furthermore, production capacity is limited by the availability of minerals such as lithium, nickel, and cobalt, making it difficult to significantly increase production capacity. Second, the high reactivity of lithium, the negative electrode material in lithium batteries, prevents the use of aqueous electrolytes, while organic electrolytes pose a fire hazard.

[0003] With the development of new energy technologies, the volatility of new energy power generation technologies such as photovoltaic and wind power has made large-scale energy storage technology a bottleneck technology for the development of new energy. Traditional lead-acid batteries and nickel-iron batteries have been given renewed attention, but their shortcomings are also obvious.

[0004] The commonly used lead-acid battery is a rechargeable battery whose electrodes are mainly made of metallic lead and its oxides, and whose electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution. In the discharged state, the positive electrode is mainly composed of lead dioxide, and the negative electrode is mainly composed of lead; in the charged state, both the positive and negative electrodes are mainly composed of lead sulfate. Because the active material of the positive electrode, lead dioxide, is not strongly bonded together, it forms lead sulfate during discharge and reverts to lead dioxide during charging. Since the molar volume of lead sulfate is larger than that of lead oxide, the active material expands during discharge. If 1 mol of lead oxide is converted to 1 mol of lead sulfate, the volume increases by 95%. This repeated contraction and expansion gradually loosens the bonds between lead dioxide particles, making them easier to detach. If only 20% of the 1 mol of lead dioxide active material is discharged, the degree of contraction and expansion is greatly reduced, and the breakdown of the bonding force becomes slower. Therefore, the deeper the discharge, the shorter the cycle life. During overcharging, lead-acid batteries release a large amount of gas. This gas impacts the active material of the positive electrode plate, promoting its shedding. Furthermore, the positive electrode grid alloy suffers severe anodic oxidation and corrosion. Therefore, overcharging shortens the battery's lifespan. While the increased acid density from gas release is beneficial to the positive electrode plate capacity, it also increases self-discharge, accelerates grid corrosion, and promotes the loosening and shedding of lead dioxide. As the acid density in the battery increases, cycle life decreases. With increasing discharge current density, the combination of high current density and high acid concentration further promotes the loosening and shedding of lead dioxide from the positive electrode, also reducing battery life.

[0005] Nickel-iron batteries are one type of rechargeable battery. Their anode is nickel hydroxide, the cathode is iron, and the electrolyte (electrolyte) is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, or lithium hydroxide. The voltage of this type of battery is typically 1.2V. It is durable and can withstand a certain degree of use-related accidents (including overcharging, over-discharging, short circuits, and overheating), and maintains a long lifespan even after these damages. However, its disadvantages include low energy storage per unit mass (volume), poor energy storage, poor performance at low temperatures, and significantly higher manufacturing costs compared to lead-acid batteries, resulting in its limited current application. The reason this type of battery can withstand frequent charge and discharge is due to the low solubility of the reactants in the electrolyte. During charging, the low solubility of iron(III) oxide (Fe3O4) causes very slow formation of iron ions. The advantage is that the slow formation of iron crystals effectively protects the electrodes, while the disadvantage is that it limits the battery's performance, making this type of battery slow to charge and discharge. The high survivability of these batteries through frequent charge-discharge cycles is due to the low solubility of the reactants in the electrolyte; the slow formation of metallic iron during charging is due to the low solubility of ferrous hydroxide. While the slow-forming iron crystals preserve the electrodes, they also limit high-rate performance: these batteries charge slowly and can only discharge slowly. Furthermore, nickel-iron batteries cannot be charged from a constant-voltage source because as the battery begins to degas and the temperature rises, the internal resistance decreases, increasing the current, which further increases degassing and temperature, leading to thermal runaway and damage. Low charge retention, poor low-temperature performance, and poor rate performance are the main technical bottlenecks restricting the widespread application of nickel-iron batteries; poor rate performance of the negative electrode, severe self-discharge, low charging efficiency, and gas evolution problems are the main factors limiting the development and application of sealed nickel-iron batteries and even power-type nickel-iron batteries.

[0006] Therefore, the fundamental reason for the limited performance of lead-acid batteries and nickel-iron batteries lies in the structural and conductive properties of the electrodes. Developing a new type of electrode to improve the stability of the electrode structure and enhance its conductivity is imperative.

[0007] CN202320993735.3 discloses a magnetic iron-based hybrid flow battery, including a battery inner shell, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an ion exchange membrane, a positive electrode electrolyte storage tank, and a negative electrode electrolyte storage tank. The positive and negative electrodes are installed inside the battery inner shell, separated by the ion exchange membrane from their respective electrolytes. The negative electrode comprises a magnet, iron powder, a negative electrode current collector, and a negative electrode electrolyte. The iron powder is adsorbed onto the magnet, which is placed inside the negative electrode current collector, allowing the magnetic field lines of the magnet to pass through it. Although this technology improves the flow battery's long cycle life and lower cost, it still employs a complex flow battery structure, making it suitable only for large-scale energy storage applications. For smaller-scale energy storage applications, its efficiency is low, and its operation and maintenance costs are extremely high. Utility Model Content

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art by providing a magnetic battery structure that reduces electrode polarization, improves conductivity and stability, and extends the battery's service life.

[0009] The objective of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solution: a magnetic storage battery structure, comprising a battery inner shell, a positive current collector, a negative current collector, a battery separator, and an outer cover plate, wherein the battery inner shell is filled with electrolyte, and the positive current collector and the negative current collector are disposed opposite to each other on the inner wall of the battery inner shell, characterized in that one or more magnets are disposed on the outer wall of the battery inner shell, and the battery separator is disposed between the battery inner shell and the outer cover plate, or disposed within the battery inner shell and dividing its internal cavity into two symmetrical parts.

[0010] Furthermore, the magnet is an integral U-shaped structure, which partially surrounds the outer wall of the battery inner cavity shell; the battery separator is located at the upper part of the U-shaped magnet, and the inner cavity of the battery inner cavity shell is provided with an inner partition to divide the lower cavity of the battery separator into two parts: a positive electrode cavity and a negative electrode cavity.

[0011] Furthermore, the magnet is two bar magnets, block magnets, or ring magnets, and the battery separator is disposed inside the battery inner cavity and divides the internal cavity into two symmetrical parts, with the magnets respectively disposed on opposite sides of the outer wall of the battery inner cavity.

[0012] Furthermore, the magnets on both sides of the outer wall of the battery inner cavity shell are symmetrically distributed relative to the battery separator, and the magnets at the ends facing the battery separator are identical.

[0013] Furthermore, the magnet is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet;

[0014] All the magnetic field lines generated by the magnet are connected to the positive or negative current collector.

[0015] Furthermore, the positive current collector is connected to the positive lead wire, and the negative current collector is connected to the negative lead wire.

[0016] Furthermore, the electrolyte contains a negative electrode active material on the negative electrode current collector side and a positive electrode active material on the positive electrode current collector side.

[0017] The negative electrode current collector is made of the same material as the negative electrode active material; the positive electrode current collector is made of a material that does not generate self-discharge with the positive electrode active material.

[0018] Furthermore, the negative electrode active material is a magnetic micronized metal powder or metal oxide powder, and the positive electrode active material is one or more of metal oxide conductive carbon black and graphite.

[0019] Furthermore, the outer casing cover is provided with a liquid injection port, a safety valve and a maintenance valve, and the liquid injection port is provided with a protective cover with a vent hole.

[0020] Furthermore, multiple magnetic battery structures are connected in series to form a battery pack;

[0021] A battery pack consisting of one or more magnetic batteries is encased in a magnetically shielded battery casing.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. This utility model involves setting a magnet outside the battery. The magnetic field of the magnet penetrates the electrodes and electrolyte. During the battery charging process, the generated electrode material "grows" along the magnetic field lines. The mutual repulsion between the magnetic poles prevents the electrode material from caking, thus ensuring the looseness of the electrode material, thereby ensuring the cycle stability of the electrode and increasing the number of charge-discharge cycles.

[0024] 2. Under the influence of a magnetic field, the magnetohydrodynamic convection induced by the Lorentz force can drive the circulation of the electrolyte, reduce electrode polarization, and improve conductivity. Furthermore, by applying a high-frequency alternating magnetic field, a high-temperature-like state can be generated on the electrode surface, which can increase the charge and discharge rate of the battery. In other words, magnetic fields can have a positive effect on electrode structures that do not use magnetic electrode materials.

[0025] 3. To increase the voltage of the storage battery, multiple electrodes described in this technology can be used to form three complete storage batteries connected in series to form a battery pack, which can meet the voltage requirements during use.

[0026] 4. The magnetic battery structure of this utility model has the characteristics of cyclic charging and discharging, long service life, low production cost and high raw material output. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic storage battery structure in Example 1;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the packaging structure of the magnetic battery structure in Example 1;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic storage battery structure in Example 2;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic storage battery structure connected in series in Example 3;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic storage battery structure connected in series in Example 4. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] The fundamental issue in the development of chemical battery technology lies in the performance of the cathode and anode materials within the battery:

[0034] (1) Due to the need for conductivity, it is necessary to ensure effective connection between the electrode active material and the electrode, maintain a low internal resistance, and realize the effective utilization of the electrode material;

[0035] (2) Due to chemical requirements, the electrode material and the electrolyte need to have the highest possible contact area. The electrode material needs to be made into a porous or powdered structure, which will affect the physical properties of the material and make it easy to fall off and break.

[0036] (3) Although various techniques can be used to prepare ultrafine powder or nano powder of electrode material, which can achieve good performance in the early stage of use, the electrode material is prone to caking as the number of charge and discharge cycles increases, which reduces the contact area between the electrode material and the electrolyte and affects the electrode performance.

[0037] Based on the research of the characteristics of various batteries and the preparation processes and performance of different electrodes, this invention proposes a novel magnetic battery. It places active materials such as electrode active materials and electrolytes in a magnetic field, improving electrode performance through magnetic force. The characteristic structure includes:

[0038] (1) A magnetic micro-powdered electrode active material is used, along with a matching electrode filling material, electrolyte, and a separator between the positive and negative electrodes;

[0039] (2) If the active material is conductive, a current collector of the same material as the electrode active material shall be used; if the active material is not conductive, other materials that do not generate self-discharge with the electrode active material shall be used as current collectors, such as graphite current collectors for the positive electrode.

[0040] (3) The electrode is equipped with one or more permanent magnets or electromagnets, and the requirements are: a. the magnetic field lines generated by the configured magnets located inside the electrode can be connected to the current collector; b. the magnetic field lines generated by the configured magnets located inside the electrode should not pass through the membrane between the positive and negative electrodes; it is advisable to adopt a structure in which the positive and negative poles are mirror symmetrical in terms of physical structure and magnetic pole position factors.

[0041] (4) The aforementioned magnet is placed outside the inner wall of the magnetically permeable battery cavity or covered with a corrosion-resistant material and placed inside the battery to prevent the magnet from being corroded by the electrolyte; the inner wall of the battery cavity

[0042] It also includes necessary structural components such as electrode filling material, electrode leads, liquid injection port, safety valve and maintenance valve, and adopts a magnetically shielded battery casing to prevent the magnetic field of the magnet from affecting the outside.

[0043] All the raw materials and equipment used in this invention are conventional in the field. For example, the magnet used is a conventional permanent magnet or electromagnet, and the electrolyte used is a commercially available electrolyte commonly used in storage batteries, or an electrolyte reported in existing literature.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] like Figure 1-2 The diagram shows the structural design of a magnetic storage battery, including an inner shell 9, a positive current collector 8, a negative current collector 12, a battery separator 6, and an outer cover 5. The inner shell 9 is filled with electrolyte 10. The positive and negative current collectors 8 and 12 are positioned opposite each other on the inner wall of the inner shell 9. A U-shaped magnet 7 is positioned on the outer wall of the inner shell 9, partially surrounding it. The battery separator 6 is positioned between the inner shell 9 and the outer cover 5. The inner shell 9 and the outer cover 5 are connected by flanges to form a sealed cavity filled with electrolyte 10. The electrolyte used is a commercially available 1mol / L electrolyte. The electrolyte contains KOH solution and electrode active materials. The battery separator 6 has electrolyte 10 on both the top and bottom. The lower cavity of the battery separator 6 has an inner partition 9A that divides the inner cavity of the battery shell 9 into a positive electrode cavity and a negative electrode cavity. The positive electrode cavity contains positive electrode active material 11B, and the negative electrode cavity contains negative electrode active material 11A. In this embodiment, the positive electrode active material is nickel trioxide, added at a rate of 166g per 100mL of electrolyte, and mixed thoroughly. The negative electrode active material is nickel powder, added at a rate of 60g per 100mL of electrolyte. The positive electrode current collector 8 is made of graphite, and the negative electrode current collector 12 is made of nickel. The positive electrode current collector 8 is connected to the positive electrode lead, and the negative electrode current collector 12 is connected to the negative electrode lead.

[0046] The outer casing cover 5 is equipped with an electrolyte inlet, a safety valve, and a maintenance valve. The electrolyte inlet is used to replenish electrolyte into the battery and is fitted with a protective cover. The protective cover has a vent hole 3 to prevent damage to the battery casing due to changes in internal battery pressure. The outer casing cover 5 is also equipped with an inspection port, which is covered with a cover plate 1. The cover plate 1 is connected to the outer casing cover 5 by screws 2.

[0047] The selection requirement for the U-shaped magnet 7 is that all the magnetic field lines generated by the magnet are connected to the positive current collector 8 or the negative current collector 12. The structure, including physical structure and magnetic pole position factors, is mirror-symmetrical. The U-shaped magnet 7 causes the positive current collector 8 or the negative current collector 12 to generate magnetic field lines, thereby distributing the nickel powder particles in the electrolyte along the magnetic field lines and forming a small magnet that connects them in a linear arrangement. This magnetic force prevents electrode material from detaching, ensuring the structural stability of the electrode.

[0048] The aforementioned magnetic battery structure is encased in a magnetically shielded battery casing 4 to prevent the magnetic field of the magnet from affecting the outside.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] like Figure 3 The diagram shows a schematic of the magnetic storage battery structure. In this embodiment, the battery separator 6 is disposed inside the battery inner cavity shell 9 and divides the internal cavity into two symmetrical parts: a positive electrode cavity and a negative electrode cavity. The positive electrode cavity and the negative electrode cavity are filled with electrolyte 10. Electrode active materials are also provided in the electrolyte 10 (in this embodiment, iron powder is selected as the negative electrode active material and added to the negative electrode cavity at a rate of 56g per 100mL of electrolyte; iron oxide powder is used as the positive electrode active material and added to the positive electrode cavity at a rate of 160g per 100mL of electrolyte). The positive electrode current collector 8 is made of graphite, and the negative electrode current collector 12 is made of iron.

[0051] The positive current collector 8 and the negative current collector 12 are disposed opposite to each other on the inner wall of the battery inner cavity shell 9. Two strip magnets 13 are arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the battery inner cavity shell 9. The two strip magnets 13 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the battery separator 6, and the ends facing the battery separator 6 have the same magnetism. Figure 3 As shown, the two bar magnets 13 are attached to one end of the inner shell 9 of the battery, both of which are N poles. Utilizing the principle of like poles repulsion, the iron powder in the electrolyte is suspended and "grows" along the magnetic field lines. The mutual repulsion between the magnetic poles prevents the electrode material from caking, thereby ensuring the looseness of the electrode material, thus ensuring the cycle stability of the electrode and increasing the number of charge and discharge cycles.

[0052] The upper surface of the battery inner shell 9 is provided with an injection port, a safety valve, a maintenance valve, and an inspection port. The inspection port is provided with a cover plate 1. Two bar magnets 13 are provided with a shell 14, so that the magnets are located in the enclosed cavity formed by the shell 14 and the battery inner shell 9. The overall magnetic battery structure is wrapped with a magnetically shielded battery shell 4.

[0053] The negative electrode electrolyte used in this embodiment is the one reported in Example 2 of the existing literature CN116435568A, specifically a solution containing 1.0 mol / L FeCl2, 1.0 mol / L NH4Cl, 2.0 mol / L NaCl, and 0.4 mol / L H3BO3.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] This invention can also employ multiple magnetic battery structures connected in series to form a battery pack, such as... Figure 4 As shown, two magnetic battery structures are arranged sequentially in series to form a battery pack. The middle magnet is shared and encapsulated by a middle shell 15. The middle shell 15 matches the battery inner shell 9 and the shell 14 to form a shell for installing the battery and magnet. The battery shell 4 with magnetic shielding is wrapped around it. The middle magnet 13 works in conjunction with the magnets at both ends so that the polarity of the end facing the battery separator 6 is the same.

[0056] The structure of a single magnetic storage battery is basically the same as that in Example 2. Each battery inner cavity shell 9 is filled with electrolyte 10, and positive current collector 8 and negative current collector 12 are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the inner wall of the battery inner cavity shell 9. Two strip magnets 13 are arranged on opposite sides of the outer wall of the battery inner cavity shell 9, and a cover plate 1 and a vent hole 3 are provided on the top.

[0057] Example 4

[0058] The structure of a battery pack can also be formed by connecting multiple magnetic battery structures in series, with each battery connected end-to-end, such as... Figure 5 As shown, each magnet is shared by a single magnetic battery structure on both sides, and the polarity of the end facing the battery separator 6 is the same. A battery mounting bracket 16 is provided at the center of the four magnetic battery structures. The four magnetic battery structures are fixed on the battery mounting bracket 16, and the outer perimeter is wrapped by the magnetically shielded battery shell 4 as a whole.

[0059] The rest is the same as in Example 3.

[0060] Comparative Example 1: Commercially available nickel-iron batteries

[0061] Manufacturer: SAB-NIFE, Sweden

[0062] Energy density: 55Wh / kg

[0063] Cycle life: 1000 cycles.

[0064] Comparative Example 2: Commercially available lead-acid batteries

[0065] Manufacturer: Chaowei (China)

[0066] Battery model: 12V20AH

[0067] Weight: 6kg

[0068] The magnetic batteries constructed in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were subjected to performance testing. Discharge and charge cycle tests were performed at a 5C rate, and the number of cycles required for the energy storage capacity to decay to 80% of its initial value and the energy density were measured. The results are shown in the table below:

[0069]

[0070] As can be seen from the table above, compared with commercially available nickel-iron batteries, the novel magnetic electrode developed in this technology can significantly improve the performance of nickel-iron batteries, increasing the number of battery cycles and charge / discharge energy efficiency while maintaining the same energy density.

[0071] As shown in Example 2, compared with commercially available lead-acid batteries, the electrode of this invention, when used in an iron-phosphate battery, can achieve an energy density comparable to that of lead-acid batteries. However, the number of charge-discharge cycles is more than double that of lead-acid batteries, and the charge-discharge energy efficiency is also slightly improved. Furthermore, this iron-phosphate battery does not contain toxic heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, which have a significant impact on environmental pollution, thus exhibiting outstanding environmental performance. It has good practical value.

Claims

1. A magnetic storage battery structure, comprising a battery inner shell (9), a positive electrode current collector (8), a negative electrode current collector (12), a battery separator (6), and a casing cover (5), wherein the battery inner shell (9) is filled with an electrolyte (10), and the positive electrode current collector (8) and the negative electrode current collector (12) are disposed opposite to each other on the inner wall of the battery inner shell (9), characterized in that, The outer wall of the battery inner cavity shell (9) is provided with one or more magnets, and the battery separator (6) is disposed between the battery inner cavity shell (9) and the outer cover plate (5), or disposed inside the battery inner cavity shell (9) and its internal cavity is divided into two symmetrical parts.

2. The magnetic storage battery structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnet is an integral U-shaped structure, which partially surrounds the outer wall of the battery inner cavity shell (9); the battery separator (6) is located at the upper part of the U-shaped magnet, and the inner cavity of the battery inner cavity shell (9) is provided with an inner partition (9A) to divide the lower cavity of the battery separator (6) into a positive electrode cavity and a negative electrode cavity.

3. The magnetic storage battery structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnets are two bar magnets, block magnets or ring magnets. The battery separator (6) is set inside the battery inner cavity shell (9) and divides its internal cavity into two symmetrical parts. The magnets are respectively set on opposite sides of the outer wall of the battery inner cavity shell (9).

4. The magnetic storage battery structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The magnets on both sides of the outer wall of the inner cavity shell (9) of the battery are symmetrically distributed relative to the battery separator (6), and the magnets at the ends facing the battery separator (6) are identical.

5. A magnetic storage battery structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnet is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet; All magnetic field lines generated by the magnet are connected to the positive current collector (8) or the negative current collector (12).

6. A magnetic storage battery structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positive current collector (8) is connected to the positive lead wire, and the negative current collector (12) is connected to the negative lead wire.

7. A magnetic storage battery structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrolyte (10) contains a negative electrode active material (11A) on the negative electrode current collector (12) side and a positive electrode active material (11B) on the positive electrode current collector (8) side. The negative electrode current collector (12) is made of the same material as the negative electrode active material (11A); the positive electrode current collector (8) is made of a material that does not generate self-discharge with the positive electrode active material (11B).

8. A magnetic storage battery structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The negative electrode active material (11A) is a magnetic micro-powdered metal powder or metal oxide powder, and the positive electrode active material (11B) is one or more of metal oxide conductive carbon black and graphite.

9. A magnetic storage battery structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer casing cover (5) is provided with an injection port, a safety valve and a maintenance valve. The injection port is provided with a protective cover, and the protective cover has a vent hole.

10. A magnetic storage battery structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple magnetic battery structures are connected in series to form a battery pack; A battery pack consisting of one or more magnetic batteries is encased in a magnetically shielded battery casing.

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