Radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit assembly and quantum measurement and control system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit assembly and a quantum measurement and control system. Comprising an exchange switch and at least two radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation units. The unit comprises a signal generation mainboard, and a power division unit and at least two frequency mixing units which are arranged outside the signal generation mainboard, an intermediate frequency pulse signal port of the mainboard is connected with the frequency mixing unit, a microwave signal port is connected with the power dividing unit, and the power dividing unit is connected with the frequency mixing unit; the mainboard generates a direct-current bias signal, a differential pulse signal and a microwave signal according to the radio frequency waveform parameter information, combines the differential pulse signal and the direct-current bias signal to obtain at least two groups of single-ended pulse signals, and outputs the single-ended pulse signals to the frequency mixing unit, and one microwave signal is output to the power division unit; the power division unit amplifies the microwave signal and then divides the microwave signal into at least two paths of microwave branch signals, and the microwave branch signals are respectively output to the frequency mixing unit; the frequency mixing unit carries out frequency mixing on a group of single-ended pulse signals and one path of microwave shunt signal to obtain a radio frequency emission signal. The generation unit is high in integration level, low in cost and better in performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of signal transmission technology, and in particular to a radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit component and a quantum measurement and control system. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional IQ mixer-based RF arbitrary waveform generators typically employ a discrete IQ mixing scheme. Therefore, traditional arbitrary waveform generators usually require a separate and expensive microwave source, a separate and expensive arbitrary waveform generator, independent power supplies for each component, an IQ mixer, and numerous coaxial high-frequency cables, etc.

[0003] Arbitrary waveform generators, due to their numerous discrete components, not only occupy a large space but also have expensive individual components, resulting in high overall equipment costs. The components of each functional section within the generator are often discrete, and when combined with components from different manufacturers, their inconsistent performance and matching issues in power range and impedance significantly impact the overall performance of the equipment. Each section requires an independent power supply, necessitating IQ mixers and numerous coaxial high-frequency cables, leading to complex and easily confused wiring, and ultimately resulting in low integration of the entire device.

[0004] For quantum radio frequency measurement and control applications using the IQ route, arbitrary waveform generators typically need to have high integration to reduce device size and low cost to improve market competitiveness. However, existing arbitrary waveform generators, due to their high cost, poor performance, and low integration, cannot meet the requirements of quantum radio frequency measurement and control applications in quantum computing. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the above problems, this utility model is proposed to provide a radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit component and a quantum measurement and control system that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems.

[0006] This utility model provides a radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit assembly, including: a switching switch and at least two radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation units; the radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit includes a signal generation main board, a power divider unit disposed outside the signal generation main board, and at least two mixing units; the intermediate frequency pulse signal port of the signal generation main board is connected to the mixing unit, the microwave signal port of the signal generation main board is connected to the power divider unit, and the power divider unit is connected to the mixing unit;

[0007] The signal generation motherboard is used to generate a first specified number of DC bias signals, a second specified number of differential pulse signals, and microwave signals based on the received radio frequency waveform parameter information, and to combine the differential pulse signals and DC bias signals to obtain at least two sets of single-ended pulse signals. The signal generation motherboard outputs one set of the single-ended pulse signals to one of the mixing units, and also outputs one microwave signal to the power divider unit; each set of single-ended pulse signals includes two single-ended pulse signals with a 90-degree phase difference.

[0008] The power divider unit is used to amplify the microwave signal and split it into at least two microwave split signals, which are then output to the at least two mixing units respectively.

[0009] The mixing unit is used to mix a group of single-ended pulse signals with a microwave branch signal to obtain a radio frequency transmission signal and to send the radio frequency transmission signal to the receiving device.

[0010] The switching switch is used to communicate with the host computer through the communication interface. According to the start signal sent by the host computer, it starts the corresponding radio frequency arbitrary waveform generator unit and establishes a communication connection between the host computer and the radio frequency arbitrary waveform generator unit.

[0011] In some alternative embodiments, the power divider unit includes a radio frequency amplifier and a power divider connected in sequence;

[0012] The radio frequency amplifier is connected to a microwave signal port on the signal generation motherboard, and the power divider is provided with at least two microwave signal output ports respectively connected to at least two mixer units;

[0013] The radio frequency amplifier is used to amplify the microwave signal generated by the signal generation motherboard to saturation power; the power divider is used to split the amplified microwave signal and output at least two microwave split signals.

[0014] In some optional embodiments, the signal generation motherboard is an integrated field-programmable gate array (FPGA) chip; the FPGA chip is used to generate a first specified number of DC bias signals, a second specified number of differential pulse signals, and a microwave signal according to the received radio frequency waveform parameter information, and to combine the differential pulse signals and DC bias signals to obtain at least two sets of single-ended pulse signals.

[0015] In some optional embodiments, the above-described generating device further includes: a clock port, a trigger port, a local oscillator port, and at least two radio frequency ports connected to the FPGA chip;

[0016] The clock port is used to receive clock signals sent by the host computer;

[0017] The trigger port is used to receive trigger signals sent by the host computer;

[0018] The local oscillator port is used to send local oscillator signals to connected external devices;

[0019] A radio frequency (RF) port is connected to a mixer unit, and the RF port is used to send RF transmission signals to the receiving device.

[0020] In some optional embodiments, the signal generation motherboard includes: a carrier board, and a main control chip, a local oscillator microwave source, a high-speed digital-to-analog converter, a DC bias digital-to-analog converter, and at least one pair of combiners disposed on the carrier board;

[0021] The main control chip is connected to the local oscillator microwave source, the high-speed digital-to-analog converter, and the DC-biased digital-to-analog converter; the high-speed digital-to-analog converter and the DC-biased digital-to-analog converter are connected to a combiner; each pair of combiners is connected to a mixer unit; the local oscillator microwave source is connected to the power divider unit.

[0022] The main control chip is used to respond to the received trigger signal and, based on the received radio frequency waveform parameter information, send a DC bias signal generation command to the DC bias digital-to-analog converter, a differential pulse signal generation command to the high-speed digital-to-analog converter, and a microwave signal generation command to the local oscillator microwave source;

[0023] A high-speed digital-to-analog converter for generating a second specified number of differential pulse signals in response to a differential pulse signal generation command;

[0024] A DC bias digital-to-analog converter for generating a first specified number of DC bias signals in response to a DC bias signal generation command;

[0025] The combiner is used to combine the differential pulse signal and the DC bias signal to obtain at least two sets of single-ended pulse signals, and each set of single-ended pulse signals is output to a mixer unit.

[0026] The local oscillator microwave source is used to generate a microwave signal in response to a microwave signal generation command and output it to the power divider unit.

[0027] In some optional embodiments, the signal generation motherboard is provided with a clock port and a trigger port connected to the main control chip, which are used to receive clock signals and trigger signals sent by the host computer, respectively.

[0028] The signal generation motherboard is also equipped with a local oscillator port connected to the local oscillator microwave source, which is used to send local oscillator signals to the connected external devices;

[0029] The signal generation motherboard is also equipped with two radio frequency ports, one of which is connected to a mixer unit for sending radio frequency transmission signals to the receiving device.

[0030] In some alternative embodiments, the signal generation motherboard further includes a buffer;

[0031] The input end of the buffer is connected to the clock port and trigger port of the signal generation motherboard, and the output end is connected to the main control chip, which is used to buffer and enhance the clock signal and trigger signal.

[0032] The number of channels in the high-speed digital-to-analog converter and the DC-biased digital-to-analog converter is twice the number of the mixing units.

[0033] In some alternative embodiments, the combiner includes a set of adders and a set of operational radio frequency amplifiers;

[0034] The two input terminals of the adder are respectively connected to the output terminal of the high-speed digital-to-analog converter and the output terminal of the DC-biased digital-to-analog converter; the output terminal of the adder is connected to the input terminal of the operational RF amplifier.

[0035] The output of the operational radio frequency amplifier is connected to a mixer unit, wherein a pair of operational radio frequency amplifiers is connected to a mixer unit.

[0036] In some optional embodiments, the radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit is a radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit in a quantum measurement and control system; the mixing unit includes a mixer;

[0037] The mixer is provided with a co-phase port and a quadrature phase port, which are respectively connected to the corresponding combiner. The co-phase port and the quadrature phase port are used to receive a set of single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°.

[0038] The mixer is provided with a local oscillator microwave port, which is connected to the local oscillator microwave source for receiving microwave signals;

[0039] The mixer is equipped with an RF output port for outputting RF transmission signals.

[0040] This utility model embodiment provides a quantum measurement and control system, including the above-mentioned radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit component.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this utility model include at least the following:

[0042] The radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit component provided in this utility model embodiment can generate a first specified number of DC bias signals, a second specified number of differential pulse signals and microwave signals through a signal generation motherboard. The differential pulse signals and DC bias signals are combined into a set of two single-ended pulse signals with a 90-degree phase difference, which are then output to a mixing unit. After the microwave signal is split by the mixing unit and the power divider unit, a radio frequency transmission signal is generated and sent to the receiving device. Compared to existing discrete RF generators, this invention achieves high integration of the arbitrary waveform generation unit, eliminating the need for complex cabling and saving storage space, thus maximizing space utilization. Furthermore, since the signal generation motherboard performs multiple signal generation and processing functions, it communicates with the host computer directly, eliminating the need for individual communication between each device and the host computer as in existing technologies. This saves communication switching time and improves real-time performance. Simultaneously, compared to discrete RF generators, it significantly reduces the number of cables, lowers signal cable loss, reduces signal attenuation, improves signal effectiveness, lowers signal noise, and enhances the signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, by using a power divider to split a single microwave signal, the resulting split microwave signals are provided to different mixing units, ensuring the consistency of the microwave signal in each mixing unit, maintaining balanced microwave power, and resulting in more balanced performance for each mixing unit.

[0043] The radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit component provided in this embodiment of the utility model, when applied in a quantum measurement and control system, can improve the integration of the entire quantum measurement and control system. On the one hand, it greatly reduces the space required by the quantum measurement and control system, lowers hardware costs, and makes it easier to quickly build the quantum measurement and control system. On the other hand, the high integration also greatly reduces the amount of complex cables used, and the measurement and control capacity of the qubits can be greatly increased in the same physical space, thereby improving the function and application range of the measurement and control system.

[0044] Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0045] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0046] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit in the embodiment of this utility model;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an optional structure of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an optional structure of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit component in the embodiment of this utility model.

[0051] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0052] 10. Radio frequency arbitrary waveform generator; 20. Switch;

[0053] 1. Signal generation mainboard; 2. Power divider unit; 3. Mixer unit;

[0054] 1a. FPGA chip; 11. Main control chip; 12. High-speed digital-to-analog converter; 13. DC bias digital-to-analog converter; 14. Local oscillator microwave source; 15. Buffer; 16. Combiner; 161. Adder; 162. Operational RF amplifier;

[0055] 101. Intermediate Frequency Pulse Signal Port; 102. Microwave Signal Port; 103. Clock Port; 104. Trigger Port; 105. Radio Frequency Port; 106. Local Oscillator Port; 107. Communication Interface;

[0056] 21. Radio frequency amplifier; 22. Power divider; 31. Mixer. Detailed Implementation

[0057] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0058] To address the problems of high cost, poor performance, and low integration in existing radio frequency arbitrary waveform generators, this utility model provides a radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit that achieves superior performance through a highly integrated design, while also being low in cost, thus meeting the needs of quantum radio frequency measurement and control applications in quantum computing.

[0059] Based on the same inventive concept, this utility model embodiment provides a radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit component, such as... Figure 4 As shown, it includes: a switching switch 20 and at least two radio frequency arbitrary waveform generating units 10 connected to the switching switch 20.

[0060] The structure of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes a signal generation motherboard 1, a power divider unit 2 disposed outside the signal generation motherboard, and at least two mixing units 3; the intermediate frequency pulse signal port 101 of the signal generation motherboard 1 is connected to the mixing unit 3, the microwave signal port 102 of the signal generation motherboard 1 is connected to the power divider unit 2, and the power divider unit 2 is connected to the mixing unit 3.

[0061] The signal generation motherboard 1 is used to generate a first specified number of DC bias signals, a second specified number of differential pulse signals, and microwave signals based on the received RF waveform parameter information. It also performs combining processing on the differential pulse signals and DC bias signals to obtain at least two sets of single-ended pulse signals. The signal generation motherboard outputs one set of single-ended pulse signals to a mixer unit 3 and another microwave signal to a power divider unit 2. Each set of single-ended pulse signals includes two single-ended pulse signals with a 90-degree phase difference.

[0062] Power divider unit 2 is used to amplify the microwave signal and split it into at least two microwave split signals, which are then output to at least two mixer units 3 respectively.

[0063] Mixer unit 3 is used to mix a set of single-ended pulse signals with a microwave splitter signal to obtain an RF transmission signal and send the RF transmission signal to the receiver (not shown in the figure).

[0064] The switch 20 is used to communicate with the host computer through the communication interface. According to the start signal sent by the host computer, it starts the corresponding radio frequency arbitrary waveform generator unit and establishes a communication connection between the host computer and the radio frequency arbitrary waveform generator unit.

[0065] The switching switch 20 is, for example, but not limited to, a Gigabit Ethernet switch (GbE switch). The host computer can monitor the signal generation motherboard through the communication interface 107, for example, by monitoring the temperature of the main control chip 11, and can also perform other related operations such as issuing commands or restarting.

[0066] Optionally, at least two radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation units 10 share the same carrier board for signal generation motherboard 1. The radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit assembly also includes a communication interface 107 disposed on the carrier board. The first communication interface 107 is connected to the switch 20 for communication with a host computer. The communication interface 107 is, for example, but not limited to, an RJ45 interface.

[0067] Optionally, the mixing unit 3 may be, for example, but not limited to, a mixer; the receiving device may be, for example, but not limited to, a quantum processor; and the radio frequency transmission signal may be, for example, but not limited to, a quantum bit drive signal. The signal generation motherboard 1 can receive radio frequency waveform parameter information from the host computer and send the generated quantum bit drive signal to the quantum processor.

[0068] The radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit component provided in this embodiment of the utility model can generate a first specified number of DC bias signals, a second specified number of differential pulse signals, and microwave signals through a signal generation motherboard by exchanging and selecting connected radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation units. The radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit can generate a first specified number of DC bias signals, a second specified number of differential pulse signals, and microwave signals through a signal generation motherboard. The two single-ended pulse signals with a 90-degree phase difference after combining the differential pulse signals and the DC bias signals are input to a mixing unit. After mixing the microwave split signal after being split by the mixing unit and the power divider unit, a radio frequency transmission signal is generated and sent to the receiving device. Compared to existing discrete RF generators, this invention achieves high integration of the arbitrary waveform generation unit, eliminating the need for complex cabling and saving storage space. This maximizes space utilization and significantly increases the qubit measurement and control capacity of the quantum measurement and control cabinet while maintaining the same rack size. Furthermore, since the signal generation motherboard performs multiple signal generation and processing functions, communication with the host computer is achieved through the motherboard, eliminating the need for individual communication between each device and the host computer as in existing technologies. This saves communication switching time and improves real-time performance. Simultaneously, compared to discrete RF generators, the number of cables is significantly reduced, lowering cable loss and signal attenuation, thereby improving signal effectiveness, reducing noise, and increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. This enhances the measurement and control fidelity of the quantum logic gates in the quantum processor. In addition, the power divider unit splits a single microwave signal into multiple signals, which are then provided to different mixing units. This ensures the consistency of the microwave signal in each mixing unit, guarantees balanced microwave power, and improves the overall performance of each mixing unit.

[0069] In some optional embodiments, the power divider unit 2 includes a radio frequency amplifier 21 and a power divider 22 connected in sequence. The radio frequency amplifier 21 is connected to a microwave signal port 102 of the signal generation motherboard 1, and the power divider has at least two microwave signal output ports respectively connected to at least two mixer units 3. The radio frequency amplifier 21 is used to amplify the microwave signal generated by the signal generation motherboard 1 to saturation power, and its function is equivalent to limit amplification. The power divider 22 is used to split the amplified microwave signal, outputting at least two microwave split signals. Because the saturation power of the radio frequency amplification is constant, the consistency of the output radio frequency microwave signal power is greatly improved, thereby improving the consistency of the local oscillator drive power, mixing quality, and final radio frequency arbitrary waveform consistency of the mixer unit 3. See also Figure 1 As shown, by setting up RF amplifiers and power dividers, the signals generated by the signal generation motherboard are amplified and then split. Each resulting signal is identical, exhibiting strong consistency. This ensures that the signals input to each RF unit are consistent, resulting in better balance in power and performance across all RF units. The RF amplifier may be, for example, but is not limited to, a low-noise RF amplifier. The power divider may be, for example, but is not limited to, a 3dB power divider.

[0070] The aforementioned arbitrary waveform generation unit can be integrated by combining discrete components onto a single substrate, thus reducing the overall size of the device. For example, the main control chip, local oscillator microwave source, high-speed digital-to-analog converter, DC-biased digital-to-analog converter, and combiner can be integrated onto a single substrate, while the power divider and mixer are located outside the substrate. An optional structure for this integration method is as follows: Figure 3 As shown. Alternatively, instead of using discrete components such as the main control chip, local oscillator microwave source, high-speed digital-to-analog converter, DC-biased digital-to-analog converter, and combiner, the functions of these components can be integrated into the FPGA chip, with the FPGA chip implementing the functions of the discrete components, and the power divider and mixer units located outside the FPGA chip. An optional structure for this integration method is shown below. Figure 2 As shown. The following sections will describe them separately.

[0071] See below for an optional structure of the above-mentioned radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit. Figure 2 As shown, the signal generation motherboard is an integrated field-programmable gate array (FPGA) chip 1a; the FPGA chip 1a is used to generate a first specified number of DC bias signals, a second specified number of differential pulse signals and microwave signals according to the received radio frequency waveform parameter information, and to perform combining processing on the differential pulse signals and DC bias signals to obtain at least two sets of single-ended pulse signals.

[0072] In this generating unit, the FPGA chip outputs the microwave signal to the power divider unit 2. The power divider unit 2 splits the microwave signal and provides each microwave split signal to a mixer unit 3. The FPGA chip outputs each group of single-ended pulse signals to a mixer unit 3. The mixer unit 3 then mixes the microwave split signals of each group of single-ended pulse signals to obtain the radio frequency transmission signal.

[0073] Optionally, the above-mentioned arbitrary radio frequency waveform generation unit further includes: a clock port 103, a trigger port 104, a local oscillator port 106, and at least two radio frequency ports 105 connected to the FPGA chip 1a; the clock port 103 is used to receive a clock signal sent by the host computer; the trigger port 104 is used to receive a trigger signal sent by the host computer; the local oscillator port 206 is used to send a local oscillator signal to the connected external device; one radio frequency port 105 is connected to a mixer unit 3, and the radio frequency port 105 is used to send a radio frequency transmission signal to the receiving device.

[0074] Figure 2 The RF arbitrary waveform generation unit shown uses an FPGA chip to implement the functions of discrete components such as the main control chip, local oscillator microwave source, high-speed digital-to-analog converter, DC bias digital-to-analog converter, and combiner, eliminating the need for separate discrete components and thus increasing the integration of the entire generation unit.

[0075] See below for an optional structure of the above-mentioned radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit. Figure 3 As shown, it includes: a signal generation main board 1, including: a carrier board (not shown in the figure), and a main control chip 11, a local oscillator microwave source 14, a high-speed digital-to-analog converter 12, a DC-biased digital-to-analog converter 13 and at least one pair of combiners 16 disposed on the carrier board; the main control chip 11 is connected to the local oscillator microwave source 14, the high-speed digital-to-analog converter 12 and the DC-biased digital-to-analog converter 13; the high-speed digital-to-analog converter 12 and the DC-biased digital-to-analog converter 13 are connected to the combiners 16; each pair of combiners 16 is connected to a mixing unit 3; the local oscillator microwave source 14 is connected to a power divider unit 2; the mixing unit 3 is, for example, but not limited to, a mixer 31, and may further optionally be an IQ mixer.

[0076] The main control chip 11 is used to respond to the received trigger signal and, based on the received RF waveform parameter information, send a DC bias signal generation command to the DC bias digital-to-analog converter 13, a differential pulse signal generation command to the high-speed digital-to-analog converter 12, and a microwave signal generation command to the local oscillator microwave source 14. The high-speed digital-to-analog converter 12 is used to generate a second specified number of differential pulse signals in response to the differential pulse signal generation command. The DC bias digital-to-analog converter 13 is used to generate a first specified number of DC bias signals in response to the DC bias signal generation command. The combiner 16 is used to combine the differential pulse signals and the DC bias signals to obtain at least two sets of single-ended pulse signals, each set of single-ended pulse signals being output to a mixer unit. The local oscillator microwave source 14 is used to generate microwave signals in response to the microwave signal generation command and output them to the power divider unit 2.

[0077] Optionally, the main control chip 11 can receive trigger signals and RF waveform parameter information from the host computer. The number of differential pulse signals of the second specified number and the number of DC bias signals of the first specified number generated according to the RF waveform parameter information can be the same or different. After the differential pulse signals and the matched DC bias signals are combined, at least two sets of single-ended pulse signals are output, and each set of single-ended pulse signals includes two single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°.

[0078] The number of channels in the high-speed digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and the DC-biased DAC can be set according to the number of RF signals to be output. For example, optionally, the number of channels in the high-speed DAC and the DC-biased DAC can be twice the number of mixer units. See also Figure 3 As shown, a 4-channel high-speed digital-to-analog converter and a 4-channel DC-biased digital-to-analog converter are used, which can provide two sets of single-ended pulse signals to the two RF units respectively. For example, a 2.4 GSPS 16-bit four-channel high-speed DAC can be used, which can meet the requirement of synchronously transmitting arbitrary waveforms and DC waveforms during measurement and control operations, including sine waves, square waves, and higher-order waves.

[0079] In some optional embodiments, the signal generation motherboard 1 is provided with a clock port 103 and a trigger port 104 connected to the main control chip 11, for receiving clock signals and trigger signals sent by the host computer, respectively; the signal generation motherboard 1 is also provided with a local oscillator port 106 connected to the local oscillator microwave source 14, for sending local oscillator signals to connected external devices; the signal generation motherboard 1 is also provided with two radio frequency ports 105, one of which is connected to a mixer unit, for sending radio frequency transmission signals to the receiving device. This radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit has output ports for both radio frequency arbitrary waveform signals and local oscillator signals, which can conveniently realize down-conversion or demodulation.

[0080] In some optional embodiments, the combiner 16 includes a set of adders 161 and a set of operational RF amplifiers 162; the two inputs of the adders 161 are respectively connected to the output of the high-speed digital-to-analog converter 12 and the output of the DC-biased digital-to-analog converter 13; the output of the adders 161 is connected to the input of the operational RF amplifiers 162; the output of the operational RF amplifiers 162 is connected to the mixer unit 3, wherein a pair of operational RF amplifiers 162 is connected to one mixer unit 3. That is, the adders 161 and operational RF amplifiers 162 are generally arranged in pairs, with each pair containing two operational RF amplifiers. In other embodiments, at least two pairs of operational RF amplifiers can be provided in the first functional motherboard to connect to at least two mixer units 3.

[0081] The differential pulse signal output from the high-speed digital-to-analog converter 12 and the DC bias signal from the DC bias digital-to-analog converter are added by an adder, and then processed by an operational RF amplifier to be combined into a single-ended pulse signal. This not only improves the quality of the RF transmission signal and ensures that the signal is not distorted, but also eliminates the need for an additional differential-to-single-ended converter when building a quantum measurement and control cabinet, as is the case with existing technologies, thus reducing hardware costs and enabling the integration of the RF arbitrary waveform generation unit.

[0082] In some optional embodiments, the aforementioned arbitrary waveform generation unit is an arbitrary waveform generation unit in a quantum measurement and control system, and the mixing unit includes a mixer 31. The mixer 31 can be a passive I / Q mixer. The mixer 31 can be mixed with the first microwave signal generated by the onboard local oscillator microwave source, or with an externally extended local oscillator microwave signal, to produce the radio frequency transmission signal required to be output by the arbitrary waveform generation unit 10. In this embodiment of the invention, the mixer 31 can be a passive I / Q mixer with a suitable shape according to integration requirements.

[0083] Optionally, the mixer 31 is provided with a co-phase port and a quadrature phase port, which are respectively connected to the corresponding combiner. The co-phase port and the quadrature phase port are used to receive a set of single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°. The mixer 31 is provided with a local oscillator microwave port, which is connected to a local oscillator microwave source for receiving microwave signals. The mixer is provided with an RF output port for outputting RF transmission signals.

[0084] Optionally, mixer 31 can be an H-type IQ mixer. The port layout of the H-type IQ mixer is as follows: the mixer can have a cavity structure, and the cavity includes a circuit board and an IQ mixer chip disposed on the circuit board; a non-phase port and a quadrature phase port are disposed on one side of the cavity, and a local oscillator microwave port and an RF output port are disposed on the other side; the non-phase pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the non-phase port, the quadrature phase pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the quadrature phase port, the local oscillator pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the local oscillator microwave port, and the RF pin of the IQ mixer chip is connected to the RF output port. The connection can be made, for example, but not limited to, via an RF microstrip line.

[0085] In some optional embodiments, the local oscillator microwave source 14 of the above-mentioned radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit 10 can be a chip, such as, but not limited to, a 2-channel 3.5GHz-8.5GHz onboard microwave source, thereby saving the cost of purchasing additional microwave source equipment and further saving the storage space of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit 10; and since the main control chip 11 is connected to the local oscillator microwave source 14, the communication switching time is further reduced by controlling the local oscillator microwave source 14 through the main control chip 11, thereby improving the real-time performance of measurement and control.

[0086] In some optional embodiments, the signal generation motherboard 1 further includes a buffer 15; the input of the buffer 15 is connected to the clock port 103 and the trigger port 104 of the signal generation motherboard, and the output is connected to the main control chip 11, for buffering and enhancing the clock signal and the trigger signal, and outputting the processed clock signal and trigger signal to the main control chip 11. Optionally, the buffer 15 may be, for example, but not limited to, a buffer chip.

[0087] Based on the same inventive concept, this utility model embodiment also provides a quantum measurement and control system, including the above-mentioned radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit.

[0088] Based on the same inventive concept, this utility model embodiment also provides a radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitting device, including: a drawer box and the above-mentioned radio frequency arbitrary waveform generating unit; a drawer box and the above-mentioned radio frequency arbitrary waveform generating unit assembly; a signal generation main board of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform generating unit housed in the drawer box; and at least one mixing unit connected to the signal generation main board housed in the drawer box, or disposed outside the drawer box. That is, the mixing unit can be disposed outside the drawer box or housed inside the drawer box as needed.

[0089] Radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitters can be applied to quantum measurement and control systems, as well as other similar systems.

[0090] Based on the same inventive concept, this utility model embodiment also provides a quantum analyzer, including the above-mentioned radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit and acquisition unit, or the above-mentioned radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmission unit assembly and acquisition unit.

[0091] The radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit is used to transmit the read-in signal to the resonant cavity in the quantum processor, and the acquisition subunit is used to receive the read-out signal output from the quantum processor to obtain the quantum computing results.

[0092] Optionally, the quantum analyzer also includes a drawer box, in which the signal generation mainboard of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit is housed; at least one mixer unit connected to the signal generation mainboard is housed in the drawer box or disposed outside the drawer box.

[0093] Based on the same inventive concept, this utility model embodiment also provides a quantum measurement and control cabinet, including a rack, the above-mentioned radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitter and / or the above-mentioned quantum analyzer; the drawer box of the radio frequency arbitrary waveform transmitter and / or the drawer box of the quantum analyzer are arranged inside the rack.

[0094] Through extensive experiments and research, the inventors of this application discovered that when the local oscillator port and the radio frequency (RF) port are located on the same side of an IQ mixer, the close proximity of the local oscillator microstrip line connected to the local oscillator port and the radio frequency microstrip line connected to the RF port can easily increase signal radiation between the microwave signal transmitted on the local oscillator microstrip line and the XY signal transmitted on the RF outer band line. This leads to crosstalk between the microwave signal and the XY signal, affecting the normal operation of the IQ mixer. Therefore, this application further provides an IQ mixer that can compactly arrange multiple IQ mixers in a quantum measurement and control system while avoiding adverse effects such as crosstalk between the microwave signal and the XY signal in the IQ mixer.

[0095] The RF arbitrary waveform generator unit provided in this embodiment integrates a signal generation motherboard for generating arbitrary waveforms, a microwave source, a mixer, a low-noise RF amplifier, and a power divider, exhibiting a high degree of integration. This RF arbitrary waveform generator unit uses an RF amplifier to boost the RF power to the driving power intensity of the IQ, avoiding nonlinear distortion, and achieving an output signal SFDR of over 40dBc. The power divider ensures the microwave source power balance of each group of two IQs, resulting in more balanced performance for RFx1 and RFx2. This RF arbitrary waveform generator unit can automatically calibrate the IQs using the DC voltage of the RF arbitrary waveform generator unit (AWG), resulting in very low local oscillator leakage, below -60dBc, simplifying user operation and saving significant time by eliminating the need for calibration.

[0096] Unless otherwise specifically stated, terms such as processing, calculation, operation, determination, display, etc., may refer to the actions and / or processes of one or more processing or computing systems or similar devices that represent the manipulation and conversion of data representing physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the registers or memory of the processing system into other data similarly representing physical quantities within the memory, registers, or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices of the processing system. Information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, light fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0097] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed process is an example of an exemplary method. Based on design preferences, it should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the process may be rearranged without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The appended method claims provide elements of various steps in an exemplary order and are not intended to limit the scope to the specific order or hierarchy described.

[0098] In the above detailed description, various features are combined together in a single embodiment to simplify this disclosure. This approach to disclosure should not be construed as reflecting an intention that embodiments of the claimed subject matter require more features than are explicitly stated in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the appended claims, the present invention is in a state with fewer features than all of the features of the single disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the appended claims are hereby explicitly incorporated into the detailed description, wherein each claim stands alone as a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0099] Those skilled in the art will also understand that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the embodiments herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination thereof. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability between hardware and software, the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps described above are generally described in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art can implement the described functionality in alternative ways for each specific application; however, such implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0100] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the embodiments herein can be directly embodied in hardware, software modules executed by a processor, or a combination thereof. The software modules can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium well known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is connected to the processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user terminal. Alternatively, the processor and storage medium can exist as discrete components in the user terminal.

[0101] For software implementation, the techniques described in this application can be implemented using modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described in this application. This software code can be stored in memory units and executed by a processor. The memory units can be implemented within the processor or outside the processor; in the latter case, they are communicatively coupled to the processor via various means, as is well known in the art.

[0102] The foregoing description includes examples of one or more embodiments. It is certainly impossible to describe all possible combinations of components or methods in order to describe the above embodiments, but those skilled in the art will recognize that further combinations and arrangements of the various embodiments are possible. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are intended to cover all such changes, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, the term "comprising" as used in the specification or claims is interpreted in a manner similar to the term "including," as interpreted when used as a conjunction in the claims. Additionally, the use of any term "or" in the specification of the claims is intended to mean "non-exclusive or."

Claims

1. A radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit component, characterized in that, include: A switching device and at least two radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation units; The radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit includes a signal generation motherboard, a power divider unit disposed outside the signal generation motherboard, and at least two mixing units; the intermediate frequency pulse signal port of the signal generation motherboard is connected to the mixing unit, the microwave signal port of the signal generation motherboard is connected to the power divider unit, and the power divider unit is connected to the mixing unit. The signal generation motherboard is used to generate a first specified number of DC bias signals, a second specified number of differential pulse signals, and microwave signals based on the received radio frequency waveform parameter information, and to combine the differential pulse signals and DC bias signals to obtain at least two sets of single-ended pulse signals. The signal generation motherboard outputs one set of the single-ended pulse signals to one of the mixing units and also outputs one microwave signal to the power divider unit; each set of single-ended pulse signals includes two single-ended pulse signals. The power divider unit is used to amplify the microwave signal and split it into at least two microwave split signals, which are then output to the at least two mixing units respectively. The mixing unit is used to mix a group of single-ended pulse signals with a microwave branch signal to obtain a radio frequency transmission signal and to send the radio frequency transmission signal to the receiving device. The switching switch is used to communicate with the host computer through the communication interface. According to the start signal sent by the host computer, it starts the corresponding radio frequency arbitrary waveform generator unit and establishes a communication connection between the host computer and the radio frequency arbitrary waveform generator unit.

2. The radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power divider unit includes a radio frequency amplifier and a power divider connected in sequence; The radio frequency amplifier is connected to a microwave signal port on the signal generation motherboard, and the power divider is provided with at least two microwave signal output ports respectively connected to at least two mixer units; The radio frequency amplifier is used to amplify the microwave signal generated by the signal generation motherboard to saturation power; The power divider is used to split the amplified microwave signal and output at least two microwave split signals.

3. The radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The signal generation motherboard is an integrated field-programmable gate array (FPGA) chip. The FPGA chip is used to generate a first specified number of DC bias signals, a second specified number of differential pulse signals, and microwave signals based on the received radio frequency waveform parameter information, and to combine the differential pulse signals and DC bias signals to obtain at least two sets of single-ended pulse signals.

4. The radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit component as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: A clock port, a trigger port, a local oscillator port, and at least two radio frequency ports are connected to the FPGA chip. The clock port is used to receive clock signals sent by the host computer; The trigger port is used to receive trigger signals sent by the host computer; The local oscillator port is used to send local oscillator signals to connected external devices; A radio frequency (RF) port is connected to a mixer unit, and the RF port is used to send RF transmission signals to the receiving device.

5. The radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The signal generation motherboard includes: a carrier board, and a main control chip, a local oscillator microwave source, a high-speed digital-to-analog converter, a DC bias digital-to-analog converter, and at least one pair of combiners disposed on the carrier board; The main control chip is connected to the local oscillator microwave source, the high-speed digital-to-analog converter, and the DC-biased digital-to-analog converter; the high-speed digital-to-analog converter and the DC-biased digital-to-analog converter are connected to a combiner; each pair of combiners is connected to a mixer unit; the local oscillator microwave source is connected to the power divider unit. The main control chip is used to respond to the received trigger signal and, based on the received radio frequency waveform parameter information, send a DC bias signal generation command to the DC bias digital-to-analog converter, a differential pulse signal generation command to the high-speed digital-to-analog converter, and a microwave signal generation command to the local oscillator microwave source; A high-speed digital-to-analog converter for generating a second specified number of differential pulse signals in response to a differential pulse signal generation command; A DC bias digital-to-analog converter for generating a first specified number of DC bias signals in response to a DC bias signal generation command; The combiner is used to combine the differential pulse signal and the DC bias signal to obtain at least two sets of single-ended pulse signals, and each set of single-ended pulse signals is output to a mixer unit. The local oscillator microwave source is used to generate microwave signals in response to microwave signal generation commands and output them to the power divider unit.

6. The radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit component as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The signal generation motherboard is equipped with a clock port and a trigger port connected to the main control chip, which are used to receive clock signals and trigger signals sent by the host computer, respectively. The signal generation motherboard is also equipped with a local oscillator port connected to the local oscillator microwave source, which is used to send local oscillator signals to the connected external devices; The signal generation motherboard is also equipped with two radio frequency ports, one of which is connected to a mixer unit for sending radio frequency transmission signals to the receiving device.

7. The radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit component as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The signal generation motherboard also includes a buffer; The input end of the buffer is connected to the clock port and trigger port of the signal generation motherboard, and the output end is connected to the main control chip, which is used to buffer and enhance the clock signal and trigger signal. The number of channels in the high-speed digital-to-analog converter and the DC-biased digital-to-analog converter is twice the number of the mixing units.

8. The radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit component as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The combiner includes a set of adders and a set of operational radio frequency amplifiers; The two input terminals of the adder are respectively connected to the output terminal of the high-speed digital-to-analog converter and the output terminal of the DC-biased digital-to-analog converter; the output terminal of the adder is connected to the input terminal of the operational RF amplifier. The output of the operational radio frequency amplifier is connected to a mixer unit, wherein a pair of operational radio frequency amplifiers is connected to a mixer unit.

9. The radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit component as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit is the radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit in the quantum measurement and control system; the mixing unit includes a mixer. The mixer is provided with a co-phase port and a quadrature phase port, which are respectively connected to the corresponding combiner. The co-phase port and the quadrature phase port are used to receive a set of single-ended pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°. The mixer is provided with a local oscillator microwave port, which is connected to the local oscillator microwave source for receiving microwave signals; The mixer is equipped with an RF output port for outputting RF transmission signals.

10. A quantum measurement and control system, characterized in that, Includes the radio frequency arbitrary waveform generation unit component as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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