Subsurface flow type constructed wetland

Abstract

The utility model discloses a subsurface flow type constructed wetland which is a combined subsurface flow type constructed wetland and comprises a plurality of wetland bed body units, the wetland bed body unit comprises a pool body, and a combined floating body, a water inlet area and a water outlet area are arranged in the pool body; the combined floating body comprises an upper-layer planting floating body, aquatic plants are planted in the wetland bed body unit through the upper-layer planting floating body, and a biological filler is arranged at the lower part of the upper-layer planting floating body; the water inlet area and the water outlet area are respectively arranged on two sides of the combined floating body in the tank body; the water inlet area is of a structure along a deep well; the water inlet area is separated by a side baffle on the side of the combined floating body; a serrated weir is formed at the upper part of the side baffle, and an underflow pipeline is formed in the middle corresponding to the plane position of the biological filler; the water outlet area comprises a filter cage arranged along the side length direction of the tank body, and an overflow port is formed in the outer side of the filter cage. The subsurface flow type constructed wetland disclosed by the utility model has remarkable advantages in the aspects of structural design, operation and maintenance, treatment effect, adaptability and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of wastewater / micro-polluted water treatment technology, specifically a subsurface flow constructed wetland. Background Technology

[0002] Constructed wetlands are artificially created facilities designed for wastewater treatment. They achieve efficient decomposition and purification of pollutants in wastewater through the combined action of plants, microorganisms, and soil. They have advantages such as low construction and operating costs, ease of management, effectiveness and reliability, reduction of pollution load, and direct and indirect benefits. In recent years, they have been widely used in areas such as large-scale water body quality improvement, centralized and decentralized treatment of rural domestic sewage.

[0003] Subsurface flow constructed wetlands are a type of constructed wetland system that primarily relies on soil microorganisms to decompose organic matter and remove nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus through plant uptake and the physicochemical adsorption of the soil. This system performs well in handling hydraulic loads and pollutants, exhibiting good removal effects on suspended solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and heavy metals. However, subsurface flow constructed wetlands also face some limitations. They typically require a large area, and deploying large-scale subsurface flow constructed wetlands presents certain technical challenges, as does subsequent maintenance. Currently, commonly used combined subsurface flow constructed wetlands consist of multiple interconnected constructed wetland units, which solves the difficulties in deployment and maintenance. However, their treatment efficiency and stability still need improvement. Furthermore, combined subsurface flow constructed wetlands are prone to uneven load and hydraulic distribution among units during operation, leading to a decrease in the treatment capacity of some units, affecting the overall treatment effect, and potentially resulting in the direct discharge of untreated wastewater, causing environmental pollution. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem solved by this utility model is to provide a subsurface flow constructed wetland, which has the technical advantages of reasonable structure, simple operation, convenient maintenance and stable treatment effect, and can be used to solve the defects in the above-mentioned technical background.

[0005] The technical problem solved by this utility model is achieved by the following technical solution:

[0006] A subsurface flow constructed wetland is a combined subsurface flow constructed wetland, comprising several interconnectable wetland bed units; each wetland bed unit includes a pool body, and the pool body is provided with combined floating bodies, an inlet area, and an outlet area;

[0007] The combined floating body is located in the middle of the pool body, including an upper planting floating body. The wetland bed unit is planted with aquatic plants through the upper planting floating body, and biological filler is evenly arranged at the bottom of the upper planting floating body.

[0008] The inlet and outlet areas are located on both sides of the combined floating body inside the pool. The inlet area is a deep well structure set along the side length of the pool. The inlet area is separated from the combined floating body by side barriers. A sawtooth weir is formed on the upper part of the side barrier, and a subsurface flow pipe is formed in the middle corresponding to the plane position of the biological filler. The outlet area includes a filter cage set along the side length of the pool, and an overflow port is provided on the outside of the filter cage.

[0009] As a further limitation, the pool body is a rectangular or regular hexagonal fiberglass pool body;

[0010] The pool body has a combined splicing structure on the side of the pool wall. The combined splicing structure includes matching male and female joints. When the pool body has a male joint on any side of the pool wall, the two sides adjacent to that side are provided with the female joints.

[0011] The combined splicing structure is a combination of a pre-fixed structure and a threaded assembly structure, and the pre-fixed structure is a plug-in structure or a snap-fit ​​structure.

[0012] As a further limitation, the combined float is fixed in the middle of the pool by a fixing device; the fixing device is a sinking anchor or a rope connection device, and a single combined float includes at least two fixing points, with a fixing device arranged at each fixing point to ensure the stability of the combined float in the pool.

[0013] As a further limitation, the upper planting float is composed of multiple float units, and the float units are made of one or a combination of high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyurethane foam.

[0014] The outer edge of the floating unit is provided with a connecting buckle, and the floating unit is provided with a planting hole.

[0015] As a further definition, the biological filler is arranged in a strip shape, including a base rope and a three-dimensional elastic filler. The upper part of the base rope is tied to the bottom of the upper planting float, and the bottom is connected to a counterweight unit. The three-dimensional elastic filler is spirally wound around the base rope. The counterweight unit makes the entire biological filler vertically connected to the lower part of the upper planting float and distributed in a vertical strip shape.

[0016] As a further limitation, the pool is provided with an aeration device, which is one or a combination of a microporous aerator, a jet aerator, and a surface aerator.

[0017] As a further limitation, the water inlet area on the initial wetland bed unit is supplied with water via an external water inlet pipe or directly via a single-sided open ditch; while the water outlet area on the front wetland bed unit adjacent to the water inlet area of ​​the initial rear wetland bed unit.

[0018] As a further limitation, the constructed wetland also includes one or more forced drainage systems for water level regulation, the forced drainage system being a pumping pipeline with a sewage pump, the sewage pump being controlled by a water level regulating device, which can realize the control of the water level in the pool to adapt to changes in different seasons and different treatment needs;

[0019] The water level regulating device is one of a float valve, a solenoid valve, or a manual regulating valve.

[0020] As a further limitation, the depth of the deep well structure in the water intake area is based on the location of the subsurface flow pipeline at a depth of 2 / 3 to 4 / 5 of the well depth above the bottom of the well.

[0021] As a further limitation, the subsurface flow pipeline is equipped with a filter device at the water inlet end to prevent blockage of the subsurface flow pipeline.

[0022] As a further limitation, the constructed wetland system also includes one or more monitoring devices, which are combinations of online monitoring instruments, sensors, or data acquisition devices, used to monitor water quality parameters in the pool in real time, such as pH value, dissolved oxygen, temperature, etc., to ensure the normal operation and treatment effect of the constructed wetland system.

[0023] Beneficial effects: The subsurface flow constructed wetland of this utility model adopts a modular design, and multiple wetland bed units can be flexibly spliced ​​together, which effectively reduces the overall footprint. At the same time, it is easy to dynamically arrange in a limited space. It has the advantages of compact structure and high degree of standardization, which makes routine operation and maintenance work simpler and reduces the amount of maintenance work while ensuring structural stability.

[0024] In addition, the constructed wetland in this embodiment ensures uniform water flow distribution through optimized design of the inlet and outlet water zones, avoiding problems of uneven load and uneven hydraulic distribution, thereby improving overall treatment efficiency and stability. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] The components are: 1. First wetland bed unit; 2. Second wetland bed unit; 3. Inlet of the water inlet area; 4. Female connector; 5. Deep well of the water inlet area; 6. Sawtooth weir; 7. Side baffle; 8. Subsurface flow pipeline; 9. Main pool cavity; 10. Upper planting float; 11. Three-dimensional elastic filler; 12. Counterweight unit; 13. Pool body and pool wall; 14. Filter cage; 15. Male connector; 16. Overflow outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this utility model easier to understand, the present utility model will be further described below with reference to specific illustrations.

[0028] See Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment of a subsurface flow constructed wetland, the subsurface flow constructed wetland is formed by assembling multiple wetland bed units. Figure 1 The illustration shows the assembled state of the first wetland bed unit 1 and the second wetland bed unit 2, which are located adjacent to each other. A side cross-sectional view of the second wetland bed unit 2 is shown in this assembled state for structural explanation. In other embodiments, the design of this subsurface flow constructed wetland system can be further optimized to adapt to different environmental conditions and treatment needs. In some embodiments, the size and shape of the wetland bed units can be adjusted according to the size and shape of the actual site. For example, in a narrow site, the wetland bed units can be designed to be slender to make full use of the limited space, while in a wide site, wider bed units or multiple wetland bed units can be assembled in the width direction to improve wastewater treatment efficiency and landscaping effect.

[0029] The main structure of the second wetland bed unit 2 is the pool body and pool wall 13. In different embodiments, the pool body and pool wall 13 can be a rectangular or regular hexagonal fiberglass pool body. The fiberglass pool body can ensure the stability and durability of the structure. The rectangular or regular hexagonal pool body structure facilitates structural splicing and the setting of combined splicing structures.

[0030] Specifically, each pool has a modular assembly structure on its pool wall 13, comprising matching male connectors 15 and female connectors 4. This design allows adjacent wetland bed units to be easily joined together. Figure 1 The pattern shown is structurally spliced ​​through male docking part 15 and female docking part 4 to form a continuous processing system. In practical applications, this splicing method not only improves the overall stability and sealing of the system, but also facilitates later maintenance, replacement and reconfiguration.

[0031] In addition, the splicing combination method of the male docking part 15 and the female docking part 4 is a combination of a pre-fixed structure and a threaded assembly structure. This pre-fixed structure can be a plug-in structure or a snap-fit ​​structure. In the splicing process, the male docking part 15 and the female docking part 4 are first initially aligned, and then fixed by the pre-fixed structure after the initial alignment. Then, by rotating the threaded part, the two are tightly joined, and finally the sealing and fixing effect is achieved. This method makes the splicing process simpler and faster, while ensuring the firmness and durability of the spliced ​​parts.

[0032] In this embodiment, a structural volume cavity is formed as the main pool cavity 9. A deep inlet well 5 is separated from the left side of the main pool cavity 9 by a side baffle 7. The deep inlet well 5 ensures more uniform water intake and avoids disturbance caused by direct water flow impacting the pool bottom. An inlet 3 is provided at the upper part of the deep inlet well 5 to receive sewage from the outside. The sewage is received in the following manner:

[0033] If the second wetland bed unit 2 is the starting wetland bed unit, the inlet 3 receives sewage through an external inlet pipe or a single-sided open ditch.

[0034] If the second wetland bed unit 2 is not the starting point wetland bed unit, then the inlet 3 receives sewage through the outlet area on the adjacent front wetland bed unit.

[0035] A serrated weir 6 is provided at the position corresponding to the inlet 3 on the side baffle 7. The design of the serrated weir 6 promotes the uniform distribution of water flow towards the main pool cavity 9 and also increases the turbulence of the water flow, which helps to improve the removal efficiency of pollutants. A subsurface flow pipe 8 is provided below the plane where the inlet 3 is set on the side baffle 7. The subsurface flow pipe 8 connects the middle of the deep well 5 in the water inlet area and the main pool cavity 9. In this embodiment, the depth of the deep well 5 in the water inlet area is designed to ensure that the subsurface flow pipe 8 is located at 2 / 3 to 4 / 5 of the depth above the bottom of the well, so as to optimize the water flow distribution and improve the treatment efficiency; and a filter device to prevent the subsurface flow pipe from being blocked is provided at the water inlet end of the deep well 5 in the water inlet area.

[0036] The main pool chamber 9 is the main treatment area for sewage. Its working unit is a combined floating body, which includes an upper planting floating body 10 and biological filler. The upper planting floating body 10 is composed of multiple floating body units. Each floating body unit is made of high-density polyethylene in the form of a hollow structure. The outer edge of the floating body unit is provided with connecting buckles to connect and fix multiple floating body units together to form a floating planting platform.

[0037] Each floating unit of the upper planting float 10 is provided with planting holes. These planting holes are filled with substrate, and the bottom is a mesh-connected structure. Various aquatic plants, such as reeds and cattails, are planted in the planting holes. These plants not only help absorb nutrients from the sewage, but also provide a good ecological environment, promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, and thus further improve the sewage treatment effect.

[0038] Each floating unit of the upper planting float 10 has a hook portion formed on its lower surface, and a biological packing material is connected to the hook portion through the hook portion. The biological packing material uses a base rope as a carrier, and the three-dimensional elastic packing material 11 is spirally wound on the base rope. The upper part of the base rope is tied to the hook portion and the lower part is connected to the counterweight unit 12. The three-dimensional elastic packing material 11 has a large specific surface area, which can provide a place for microorganisms to attach and grow, thereby enhancing the sewage treatment effect. The counterweight unit 12 is set to ensure the stability of the biological packing material in water and a suitable immersion depth. It can remain stable under the impact of water flow to ensure the activity of microorganisms and treatment efficiency.

[0039] In different embodiments, the combined float is fixed in the middle of the main pool cavity 9 by different types of fixing devices to ensure that it does not shift under the action of water flow. The fixing devices can be fixed rods anchored to the bottom of the pool or floating devices connected to the pool wall by ropes. In addition, the structural design of the combined float allows it to remain stable under different water level conditions, thereby ensuring the continuous operation of the entire wetland system.

[0040] At the bottom of the main pool chamber 9, on the other side, there is no overflow outlet 16. This overflow outlet 16 is used to discharge excess water after treatment to the next wetland bed unit, preventing the water level from being too high and affecting the treatment effect. The overflow outlet 16 is designed so that when the water level reaches a certain height, excess water can be discharged to the next wetland bed unit through the overflow outlet 16, thereby maintaining the water level balance of the entire wetland system. The overflow outlet 16 can be a simple opening or an overflow pipe with an adjustment device to adjust the water level as needed.

[0041] An overflow outlet 16 is fitted with a filter cage 14 on the side of the main tank cavity 9. The function of the filter cage 14 is to trap suspended solid particles in the wastewater, preventing clogging of the subsequent biological packing and drainage system. The filter cage 14 is made of corrosion-resistant metal material and filled with porous filter media, such as quartz sand or non-woven fabric, to ensure good filtration performance. In some embodiments, the filter cage 14 may also be designed to be removable for easy periodic cleaning and replacement of the filter media.

[0042] In addition, to better regulate the water level in the main tank 9, the constructed wetland also includes one or more forced drainage systems for water level regulation. These systems include pumps and control devices. The pumps are installed at the bottom of the main tank 9 to discharge water as needed. The control devices automatically adjust the pumps' operation based on signals from water level sensors to ensure the water level remains within a set range. At high water levels, the pumps start, discharging excess water to downstream treatment units or the discharge system; at low water levels, the pumps stop operating to prevent the tank from drying out and affecting treatment efficiency.

[0043] To further improve treatment efficiency, constructed wetland systems can also be equipped with aeration devices. These devices can be one or a combination of microporous aerators, jet aerators, and surface aerators. By introducing air into the water, they increase the dissolved oxygen content, thereby promoting the growth and reproduction of aerobic microorganisms and increasing the degradation rate of organic matter. Furthermore, aeration devices can also increase the contact area between wastewater and the constructed wetland packing material by agitating the water, further improving pollutant removal efficiency.

[0044] To ensure the normal operation and treatment effectiveness of the constructed wetland system, the system also includes one or more monitoring devices. These devices can be combinations of online monitors, sensors, or data acquisition units, used to monitor water quality parameters within the pool in real time, such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. The monitoring data can be transmitted to a central control system so that operators can promptly understand the system's operating status and make corresponding adjustments.

[0045] In summary, this novel subsurface flow constructed wetland system ensures uniform water distribution and efficient treatment through optimized inlet and outlet structure design. Furthermore, its modular design allows for flexible assembly of multiple wetland bed units, effectively reducing the overall footprint and improving system efficiency and stability. In addition, the introduction of monitoring devices ensures normal system operation and treatment effectiveness, enabling constructed wetland systems to play a greater role in wastewater treatment and ecological environment construction.

[0046] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A subsurface flow constructed wetland, which is a combined subsurface flow constructed wetland, characterized in that, It includes several interconnectable wetland bed units; each wetland bed unit includes a pool, and the pool is equipped with a combined floating body, an inlet area, and an outlet area; The combined floating body is located in the middle of the pool body, including an upper planting floating body. The wetland bed unit is planted with aquatic plants through the upper planting floating body, and biological filler is evenly arranged at the bottom of the upper planting floating body. The inlet and outlet areas are located on both sides of the combined floating body inside the pool. The inlet area is a deep well structure set along the side length of the pool. The inlet area is separated from the combined floating body by side barriers. A sawtooth weir is formed on the upper part of the side barrier, and a subsurface flow pipe is formed in the middle corresponding to the plane position of the biological filler. The outlet area includes a filter cage set along the side length of the pool, and an overflow port is provided on the outside of the filter cage.

2. The subsurface flow constructed wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pool body is a rectangular or regular hexagonal fiberglass pool body.

3. The subsurface flow constructed wetland according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pool body has a combined splicing structure on the side of the pool wall. The combined splicing structure includes matching male and female joints. When the pool body has a male joint on any side of the pool wall, the two sides adjacent to that side are provided with the female joints. The combined splicing structure is a combination of a pre-fixed structure and a threaded assembly structure, and the pre-fixed structure is a plug-in structure or a snap-fit ​​structure.

4. The subsurface flow constructed wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that, The combined floating body is fixed in the middle of the pool by a fixing device; The fixing device is a sinking anchor or a rope connection device. A single combined float includes at least two fixing points, and a fixing device is arranged at each fixing point.

5. The subsurface flow constructed wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biological filler is arranged in a strip shape, including a base rope and a three-dimensional elastic filler. The upper part of the base rope is tied to the bottom of the upper planting float, and the bottom is connected to a counterweight unit. The three-dimensional elastic filler is spirally wound around the base rope. The counterweight unit makes the entire biological filler vertically connected to the lower part of the upper planting float and distributed in a vertical strip shape.

6. The subsurface flow constructed wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pool is equipped with an aeration device, which is one or a combination of a microporous aerator, a jet aerator, and a surface aerator.

7. The subsurface flow constructed wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water inlet area on the initial wetland bed unit is supplied with water via an external water inlet pipe or directly via a single-sided open ditch; while the water outlet area on the front wetland bed unit adjacent to the water inlet area of ​​the initial rear wetland bed unit is...

8. The subsurface flow constructed wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that, Constructed wetlands also include one or more forced drainage systems for water level regulation. The forced drainage system is a pumping pipeline with a sewage pump. The sewage pump is controlled by a water level regulating device, which can control the water level in the pool to adapt to changes in different seasons and different treatment needs. The water level regulating device is one of a float valve, a solenoid valve, or a manual regulating valve.

9. The subsurface flow constructed wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that, The depth of the deep well structure in the water intake area is based on the location of the subsurface flow pipeline at a depth of 2 / 3 to 4 / 5 of the well depth above the bottom of the well.

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