External series connection structure of light-transmitting and ultra-narrow dead zone perovskite solar cell

Abstract

The utility model discloses a light-transmitting and ultra-narrow dead zone perovskite solar cell external series connection structure in the technical field of perovskite photovoltaic module preparation, which comprises conductive glass and a copper electrode, the conductive glass is of a rectangular structure, a conductive hole is formed in the conductive glass, the copper electrode is installed in the conductive hole, and the copper electrode is arranged in the conductive hole. Two pieces of conductive glass are arranged, one piece of conductive glass is provided with a perovskite cell function layer, the perovskite cell function layer comprises a perovskite layer and a function layer, the function layer comprises a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer and an interface modification layer, and the other piece of conductive glass covers the prepared perovskite cell function layer. Compared with a traditional internal series connection method, the area of a dead zone is remarkably reduced, the effective photoelectric conversion efficiency of the assembly is improved, an electron transmission path is effectively shortened through an external lead series connection mode, and efficiency loss caused by carrier recombination is avoided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to perovskite photovoltaic module preparation technical field, concretely relates to a light transmission and super narrow dead zone perovskite solar cell external series connection structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] Perovskite solar cell is a new type of photovoltaic material, has the advantages such as high efficiency, low cost, easy manufacturing, is regarded as the next generation of solar cell to replace traditional crystalline silicon. The traditional perovskite photovoltaic module adopts P1-P4 series connection method: P1 line is engraved on the transparent conductive bottom electrode (such as ITO or FTO), the bottom electrode material is removed by accurate laser, the substrate (such as glass or flexible film) is exposed, thereby forming the boundary of independent cell unit and preventing short circuit. P2 line is engraved on the perovskite light absorption layer and intermediate functional layer (such as electron transport layer or hole transport layer), the conduction channel of the top electrode and the bottom electrode of adjacent unit is established by removing these functional layers, and the bottom electrode is protected to ensure good electrical performance. P3 line is engraved on the metal top electrode (such as Au or Ag), the top electrode of adjacent cell unit is separated by removing the top electrode material, thereby avoiding electrical short circuit. The width of each line is generally between 10-50 µm, and the laser parameters (such as wavelength, pulse width, energy density, etc.) need to be accurately adjusted to ensure selective removal of materials, protect the structural integrity and performance stability of the module.

[0003] The existing perovskite solar cell module has the following problems in production and actual application:

[0004] 1. Complex series connection process and low fault tolerance: the traditional internal series connection method relies on P1-P4 laser etching process, which is complicated and easy to damage perovskite and interface functional layer, affecting the performance of the module;

[0005] 2. Large dead zone area: the cell series connection area (dead zone) of the traditional process occupies a large area, reducing the effective photoelectric conversion efficiency of the module;

[0006] 3. Large series resistance: internal series connection increases the electron transport path, which is easy to cause carrier recombination, resulting in large series resistance, further reducing the efficiency;

[0007] 4. Poor mechanical stability: the internal series connection structure is easy to be affected by the external environment during long-term use, and there is a risk of mechanical damage, which is difficult to meet the actual application requirements.

[0008] Therefore, the utility model is proposed. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0009] The utility model wants to overcome the prior art's insufficient, provides a light transmission and super narrow dead area perovskite solar cell external series structure, in order to solve the above technical problem, the basic concept of technical scheme that the utility model adopts is:

[0010] A light transmission and super narrow dead area perovskite solar cell external series structure, including conductive glass and copper electrode, the conductive glass is rectangular structure, the conductive hole is set up on the conductive glass, the copper electrode is installed in the conductive hole, the conductive glass is provided with two pieces, wherein one piece the conductive glass is provided with perovskite battery function layer, perovskite battery function layer includes perovskite layer and function layer, the function layer includes hole transport layer, electron transport layer, interface modification layer, another piece the conductive glass covers on the perovskite battery function layer prepared, the conductive hole on two piece the conductive glass is arranged in short edge direction 6mm dislocation, evenly smears butyl glue on the edge of two piece the conductive glass, under the condition of 100-500 DEG C, glass hot pressing is combined using hot press, forms sealed structure, perovskite layer and function layer are provided with P1 laser edge cleaning groove and P2 laser edge cleaning groove;

[0011] P1 laser edge cleaning groove laser scribe starting point is 10 mm away from long side and short side, scribes 2400 mm along long side direction, interval 1 cm, a total of 119 scribe lines, forms clear groove that reaches glass base, ensures the electrical isolation of adjacent small cell;

[0012] P2 laser edge cleaning groove scribe starting point is 10 mm away from long side and short side, interval 1180 mm, a total of 2 scribe lines, forms complete horizontal isolation groove, makes every small cell unit completely independent.

[0013] As a further scheme of the utility model: the conductive hole is arranged in the short edge direction at the position of 1.2 cm away from the short edge and the long edge of the conductive glass, the aperture is 2 mm, the hole spacing is 1 cm, and 236 holes are arranged on each conductive glass.

[0014] As a further scheme of the utility model: the adjacent small cells are connected by external wires, which significantly shortens the electron transport path, reduces the series resistance and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0015] As a further scheme of the utility model: the copper electrode is a "thumb tack" structure, and the size specification of the copper electrode is matched with the size specification of the conductive hole.

[0016] As a further scheme of the utility model: the copper electrode end of the unconnected wire is an external terminal post, the periphery of the perovskite solar cell module is provided with a rubber frame, the inner side of the rubber frame is provided with a mounting groove, and the rubber frame is provided with an external wire hole at a position corresponding to the external terminal post.

[0017] After the technical scheme is applied, the utility model has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art.

[0018] Compared with the traditional internal series connection method, the dead zone area is significantly reduced, the effective photoelectric conversion efficiency of the module is improved, the external wire series connection method effectively shortens the electron transport path, and the efficiency loss caused by carrier recombination is avoided.

[0019] The utility model reduces the P3, P4 laser etching steps, improves the production efficiency, reduces the process complexity and fault tolerance requirement, adopts hot pressing combination and rubber frame packaging, significantly enhances the mechanical impact resistance and long service life of the module, the light transmission design widens the application potential of the module in building integration, vehicle-mounted photovoltaic and other scenes, reduces the production cost, and improves the industrialization level.

[0020] The specific embodiments of the utility model will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings. DRAWINGS

[0021] The drawings are part of the application and serve to provide a further understanding of the utility model, and the schematic embodiments of the utility model and the description thereof serve to explain the utility model, but do not constitute an improper limitation on the utility model. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 It is a battery structure schematic view of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a battery local schematic view of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a battery wiring position sectional view of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a clear edge groove arrangement schematic view of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a rubber frame structure schematic view of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a conductive glass schematic view of the utility model.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Conductive glass; 2. Copper electrode; 3. Conductive hole; 4. Perovskite layer; 5. Functional layer; 6. Wire; 7. P1 laser edge cleaning groove; 8. P2 laser edge cleaning groove; 9. Rubber frame; 10. Mounting groove; 11. External wiring hole; 12. External wiring post.

[0029] It should be noted that these accompanying drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of the present invention to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are used to illustrate this utility model, but are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, an external series structure of a light-transmitting and ultra-narrow dead zone perovskite solar cell includes conductive glass 1 and copper electrode 2. The conductive glass 1 has a rectangular structure and conductive holes 3 are formed on it. The copper electrode 2 is installed in the conductive holes 3. Two conductive glass 1s are provided. One of the conductive glass 1s is provided with a perovskite cell functional layer, which includes a perovskite layer 4 and a functional layer 5. The functional layer 5 includes a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and an interface modification layer. The other conductive glass 1 covers the prepared perovskite cell functional layer. The conductive holes 3 on the two conductive glass 1s are staggered by 6 mm in the short side direction. Butyl adhesive is evenly applied to the edges of the two conductive glass 1s. The glass is hot-pressed together using a hot press at 100-500℃ to form a sealed structure. P1 laser edge cleaning grooves 7 and P2 laser edge cleaning grooves 8 are provided on the perovskite layer 4 and the functional layer 5.

[0032] The P1 laser edge cleaning groove has a starting point 10 mm from both the long and short sides. It scribes 2400 mm along the long side with 1 cm intervals, forming a total of 119 lines to create a clear groove that reaches the glass substrate, ensuring electrical isolation between adjacent small batteries.

[0033] The P2 laser edge clearing groove has 8 lines starting 10 mm from the long and short sides, with a spacing of 1180 mm, forming 2 lines in total, creating a complete transverse isolation groove, making each small battery cell completely independent.

[0034] The conductive holes 3 are arranged along the short side at a distance of 1.2 cm from both the short and long sides of the conductive glass 1. The hole diameter is 2 mm and the hole spacing is 1 cm. Each piece of conductive glass 1 has 236 holes.

[0035] The adjacent small battery positive and negative electrodes are connected through external wires 6, which significantly shortens the electron transmission path, reduces the series resistance, and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0036] The copper electrode 2 is in a "nail-like" structure, and the size of the copper electrode 2 is matched with the size of the conductive hole 3.

[0037] The end of the copper electrode 2 not connected with the wire 6 is an external terminal post 12, the periphery of the perovskite solar cell assembly is provided with a rubber frame 9, the inner side of the rubber frame 9 is provided with a mounting groove 10, and the rubber frame 9 is provided with an external wire hole 11 at a position corresponding to the external terminal post 12.

[0038] The working principle of the utility model is:

[0039] Embodiment one, the main technical steps are as follows:

[0040] 1. Drilling of conductive glass 1 and electrode installation: two pieces of pre-drilled conductive glass 1 (FTO or ITO conductive glass 1) are used in the application, each piece of glass is drilled at a position 1.2 cm away from the short side and the long side along the short side direction, the hole diameter is 2 mm, the hole spacing is 1 cm, and a total of 236 holes are formed, a "nail-like" columnar copper electrode 2 with a diameter of 2 mm is installed in each hole, and reliable electrical contact between the electrode and the conductive glass 1 is ensured;

[0041] 2. Preparation of perovskite battery layers: the perovskite battery functional layer 5 is prepared on one piece of drilled conductive glass 1, including a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, an electron transport layer and an interface modification layer, to form a complete photovoltaic cell structure, and the preparation conditions of the functional layer 5, including temperature, humidity, solution concentration and film thickness, are strictly controlled to ensure the stability of the battery performance;

[0042] 3. Hot pressing of conductive glass 1: another piece of drilled conductive glass 1 (the conductive layer faces downward) is covered on the prepared perovskite battery functional layer 5, and the small holes of the two pieces of glass are arranged with a displacement of 6 mm in the short side direction; then, butyl glue is uniformly applied on the edges of the two pieces of glass, and the glass is hot-pressed under the condition of 100-500 DEG C by using a hot press to form a sealed structure;

[0043] 4. P1 laser edge cleaning process: the functional layer 5 and the perovskite layer 4 are cleaned along the long side direction of the glass by using a laser, the starting point of the laser scribe is 10 mm away from the long side and the short side, the scribe is 2400 mm along the long side direction, the interval is 1 cm, and a total of 119 scribes are formed, forming clear grooves reaching the glass substrate, and ensuring the electrical isolation of adjacent small batteries;

[0044] 5. P2 laser edge cleaning process: laser removes functional layer 5 and perovskite layer 4 along the short edge direction of the glass, the starting point of the scribe line is 10 mm away from the long edge and the short edge, a total of 2 scribe lines with an interval of 1180 mm, forming a complete transverse isolation groove, so that each small battery unit is completely independent;

[0045] 6. External wire 6 series connection: by using copper electrode 2, the positive and negative electrodes of adjacent small battery units are connected in series by external wire 6, and the series connection of external wire 6 significantly shortens the electron transport path, reduces the series resistance, and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the assembly;

[0046] 7. Packaging and protection: a soft protective shell is installed outside the assembly, and the protective shell is pre-provided with a through hole corresponding to the position of the copper electrode 2, to ensure accurate connection of the positive and negative electrode wires 6. Finally, the packaging is completed by the rubber frame 9, forming a perovskite solar cell assembly with transparent and ultra-narrow dead zone.

[0047] Example two, technical features and principle of action as follows:

[0048] 1. Pre-punching conductive glass 1 and columnar copper electrode 2: by pre-punching through holes on the conductive glass 1 and installing copper electrodes 2, a reliable conductive channel is provided for external series connection, avoiding the problem of high series resistance of internal series structure;

[0049] 2. P1-P2 laser edge cleaning process: directly remove functional layer 5 and perovskite layer 4 to form etching grooves directly to the glass substrate, achieving complete isolation of small battery units, while avoiding damage to functional layer 5 by traditional P3, P4 process;

[0050] 3. External wire 6 series connection: connecting adjacent small battery positive and negative electrodes by external wire 6 significantly shortens the electron transport path, reduces the series resistance, and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency;

[0051] 4. Hot pressing and rubber packaging: hot pressing technology combined with rubber frame 9 packaging enhances the mechanical stability of the assembly, improves long-term weather resistance and environmental impact resistance;

[0052] Process parameter description:

[0053] Hot press temperature: 100-500 ℃;

[0054] Laser etching parameters: average power 1-50 W, repetition frequency 100-10 MHz, sample translation speed 10-100 mm / s, etching width 10-100 m.

[0055] Example three, the preparation method of the new perovskite solar cell series assembly, comprising the following steps:

[0056] S1: Two pieces of conductive glass 1 are pre-punched at a distance of 1.2 cm from the short side and long side of the glass, with two holes 2376 mm apart, a hole diameter of 2 mm, and 118 holes on each side, a total of 236 holes. (For example Figure 6 , the number of holes in the figure is simplified to 20 for convenience of display)

[0057] S2: Install a "thumbtack-shaped" copper electrode 2 with a diameter of 2 mm to the small hole (for example Figure 1 ).

[0058] S3: Remove all layers of the perovskite solar cell prepared on one piece of conductive glass 1 layer, including the perovskite layer 4, the modification layer, the hole transport layer, and the electron transport layer, except for the conductive layer.

[0059] S4: Cover the top of the device obtained in the previous step with another piece of FTO conductive glass 1, with the FTO conductive layer facing down, and arrange the small holes of the upper conductive glass 6 mm offset from the small holes of the lower conductive glass 1, then coat the edges of the two glasses with butyl glue and heat press to combine.

[0060] S5: Perform P1 longitudinal laser edge cleaning on the obtained perovskite battery, with the processing steps being: the laser is 10 mm from the long side and 10 mm from the short side, which is the starting point, draw a line 2400 mm along the long side with an interval of 1 cm, a total of 119 lines, and completely remove all layers except the glass.

[0061] S6: Perform P2 horizontal laser edge cleaning on the above-mentioned perovskite battery, with the processing steps being: the laser is 10 mm from the long side and 10 mm from the short side, which is the starting point, draw a line 1200 mm along the short side with an interval of 1180 mm, a total of 2 lines, and completely remove all layers except the glass.

[0062] S7: Weld the positive and negative electrodes of adjacent batteries with wires 6 to form a new type of frame series connection method through the through-hole copper position.

[0063] S8: Align and install the through-hole copper position pre-laid on the soft protective shell with the positive and negative electrode connection ports of the battery that are not connected with wires 6, which completes the packaging.

[0064] Unlike existing methods for preparing logic, the present application pre-punches holes in the edges of conductive glass 1 and installs copper electrodes 2, then after completing the preparation of all layers of the battery except the metal electrode layer, heat presses and combines with another piece of conductive glass 1, and then directly removes functional layer 5, perovskite layer 4, and transparent conductive layer through P1 and P2 laser edge cleaning methods to form etching grooves from the surface to the substrate, completely separating each small battery, and after P2 laser edge cleaning, each small battery is connected in series with external wires 6, and finally packaged with a rubber frame 9;

[0065] The patent can eliminate the problems of small fault tolerance of traditional P1-P4 laser process and large internal series resistance of the battery, effectively reduce the dead area of the battery assembly, and directly improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and production efficiency of the assembly. With external series connection, it helps to improve the mechanical stability and long-term service life of the assembly. Therefore, the series assembly preparation method of the application can improve the battery efficiency while reducing the production cost, increasing the application scenarios of the assembly, and improving the industrialization potential of the photovoltaic assembly.

[0066] The above examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present application, but do not limit the present application in any form. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the premise of the present application, P1-P2 laser edge cleaning of perovskite assembly, installation of through-hole copper of conductive glass 1, installation of external series connecting wire 6 of adjacent small battery, etc. can be made, such as changing the distance and size of the hole, frame, encapsulation glue, conductive glass 1, material components of each layer of battery, and process parameters of heat pressing, laser, etc. These all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0067] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any form. Although the present application has been disclosed as above, it is not intended to limit the present application. Any skilled person in the art can make some changes or modifications to the above-mentioned technical content without departing from the technical solution of the present application, and equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes can be obtained. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above examples based on the technical essence of the present application, which does not deviate from the technical solution of the present application, still belongs to the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A transparent and ultra-narrow dead zone perovskite solar cell external series structure, comprising a conductive glass (1) and a copper electrode (2), characterized in that, The conductive glass (1) is of rectangular structure, the conductive glass (1) is provided with a conductive hole (3), the copper electrode (2) is installed in the conductive hole (3), the conductive glass (1) is provided with two pieces, one of the conductive glass (1) is provided with a perovskite battery functional layer, the perovskite battery functional layer includes a perovskite layer (4) and a functional layer (5), the functional layer (5) includes a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer and an interface modification layer, the other conductive glass (1) covers the prepared perovskite battery functional layer, the conductive holes (3) on the two conductive glasses (1) are arranged in the short edge direction with a 6mm offset, the butyl glue is evenly applied on the edges of the two conductive glasses (1), the glass is hot-pressed under the condition of 100-500 DEG C by using a hot press to form a sealing structure, the perovskite layer (4) and the functional layer (5) are provided with a P1 laser edge cleaning groove (7) and a P2 laser edge cleaning groove (8); The P1 laser edge cleaning groove (7) is laser scribed from the starting point 10 mm away from the long edge and the short edge, along the long edge direction, 2400 mm, with an interval of 1 cm, a total of 119 scribe lines, forming a clear groove reaching the glass substrate, ensuring the electrical isolation of adjacent small cells; The P2 laser edge cleaning groove (8) is scribed from the starting point 10 mm away from the long edge and the short edge, with an interval of 1180 mm, a total of 2 scribe lines, forming a complete horizontal isolation groove, so that each small cell unit is completely independent.

2. The external series structure of a light-transmitting and ultra-narrow dead zone perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive hole (3) is arranged in the short edge direction at a position 1.2 cm away from the short edge and the long edge of the conductive glass (1), with a hole diameter of 2 mm and a hole spacing of 1 cm, and 236 holes are arranged on each conductive glass (1).

3. The external series structure of a light-transmitting and ultra-narrow dead zone perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjacent small cell positive and negative electrodes are connected by external wires (6).

4. The external series structure of the light-transmitting and ultra-narrow dead zone perovskite solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that, The copper electrode (2) is of "nail" structure, and the size of the copper electrode (2) is matched with the size of the conductive hole (3).

5. The external series structure of the light-transmitting and ultra-narrow dead zone perovskite solar cell according to claim 4, characterized in that, The end of the copper electrode (2) not connected with the wire (6) is an external terminal post (12), a rubber frame (9) is arranged on the outside of the perovskite solar cell module, an installation groove (10) is arranged on the inner side of the rubber frame (9), and an external wire hole (11) is arranged on the rubber frame (9) corresponding to the external terminal post (12).

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