Cup-shaped damping blind hinge

Abstract

The utility model provides a cup-shaped damping blind hinge. The cup-shaped damping blind hinge comprises a hinge arm, a connecting part, a hinge cup, an abutting assembly and a buffering device. The connecting part is hinged between the hinge arm and the hinge cup and comprises a first connecting part and a second connecting part; the hinge arm comprises a first mounting area, a second mounting area and a third mounting area which are sequentially connected, a first included angle is formed between the top inner wall of the first mounting area and the top inner wall of the second mounting area, a second included angle is formed between the top inner wall of the second mounting area and the top inner wall of the third mounting area, and both the first included angle and the second included angle are not 180 degrees; the buffer device is slidably located in the second installation area, and one end of the buffer device abuts against the inner wall of the top of the first installation area. A tail hook is arranged on the side edge of the tail end of the second connecting part, the tail hook is used for rotating around the shaft and hooking the buffering device to be close to and abut against the abutting assembly so as to slow down opening and closing of the hinge, and the abutting assembly is installed in the first installation area and abuts against the buffering device. According to the technical scheme, the hinge can be applied to a special corner cabinet body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of hinge technology, and more particularly to a cup-shaped damping concealed hinge. Background Technology

[0002] Cup-type concealed hinges are a type of hardware specifically designed for modern furniture, intended to connect cabinet doors to the cabinet body. They not only ensure smooth opening and closing but also cleverly conceal themselves within the cabinet door, maintaining the overall clean look of the furniture. Existing cup-type concealed hinges are typically designed for standard right-angle cabinets; however, in specialized corner cabinets, these hinges cannot provide the required opening angle and stability. The shape of the hinge arm is also unsuitable for these special angles, resulting in incomplete smooth opening and closing or improper alignment, thus affecting the overall functionality and aesthetics of the cabinet.

[0003] It should be noted that the above content is not necessarily prior art, nor is it intended to limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides a cup-shaped damped concealed hinge to solve or alleviate one or more of the technical problems mentioned above.

[0005] As one aspect of the embodiments of this application, the embodiments of this application provide a cup-shaped damping concealed hinge, including: a hinge arm, a connecting part, a hinge cup, a stop assembly, and a buffer device;

[0006] The connecting part is hinged between the hinge arm and the hinge cup, and the connecting part includes a first connecting member and a second connecting member;

[0007] The hinge arm includes a first mounting area, a second mounting area and a third mounting area connected in sequence. The top inner wall of the first mounting area and the top inner wall of the second mounting area form a first angle, and the top inner wall of the second mounting area and the top inner wall of the third mounting area form a second angle. Neither the first angle nor the second angle is 180°.

[0008] The buffer device is slidably located within the second mounting area;

[0009] The second connector has a tail hook on its end side. The tail hook is used to rotate around the axis and hook the buffer device, so that the buffer device is close to and abuts against the abutting component, thereby slowing down the opening and closing speed of the hinge.

[0010] The abutting component is installed in the first installation area and is used to abut against the buffer device.

[0011] Alternatively, the size of the second included angle may vary depending on the type of corner cabinet.

[0012] Optionally, the second included angle is greater than 180° and less than 270°; or

[0013] The second included angle is greater than 90° and less than 180°.

[0014] Optionally, the second included angle is 220°; or

[0015] The second included angle is 203°; or

[0016] The second included angle is 158°.

[0017] Optionally, the first included angle is 110°.

[0018] Optionally, the first mounting area includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall opposite to each other, the first sidewall being provided with a first positioning hole and the second sidewall being provided with a second positioning hole;

[0019] The abutment component includes:

[0020] A limiting shaft is connected between the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole;

[0021] A pad is positioned between the limiting shaft and the top inner wall of the first mounting area, the pad being used to abut against one end of the buffer device.

[0022] Optionally, the buffer device includes a slide and a buffer, the buffer including a damping cylinder and a damping rod with one end inside the damping cylinder;

[0023] The damping cylinder is fixed on the slide block, and the other end of the damping rod abuts against the top inner wall of the first mounting area.

[0024] Optionally, the first protrusion, located on the side of the slide, is used for engaging with the tail hook; and / or

[0025] The second protrusion, the hinge arm is provided with a blocking part that cooperates with the second protrusion, is used to limit the maximum stroke of the buffer device.

[0026] Optionally, the disassembly bracket is fixed within the third mounting area, and the disassembly bracket is used to detachably connect to the mounting base.

[0027] The embodiments of this application employing the above-described technical solution may have the following advantages:

[0028] The design of the first and second included angles allows this hinge to be used in corner cabinets with special angles, adapting to the use of cabinet doors in irregular or narrow spaces. Furthermore, the abutment component and the hinge arm are detachable and installable, so the abutment component can be molded separately without additional processing such as stamping of the hinge arm, making the hinge easier to manufacture and improving production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0029] In the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals throughout the various drawings denote the same or similar parts or elements. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. It should be understood that these drawings depict only some embodiments disclosed in this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cup-shaped damping hidden hinge provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the cup-shaped damped concealed hinge provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of the cup-shaped damping hidden hinge provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hinge arm structure provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second connector provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure 6 This is an exploded structural diagram of the buffer device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the open state of the cup-shaped damped dark hinge provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the closed state of the cup-shaped damped dark hinge provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of the cup-shaped damping concealed hinge provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cup-shaped damping concealed hinge provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cup-shaped damping concealed hinge provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0042] 100, Hinge arm; 110, First mounting area; 120, Second mounting area; 130, Third mounting area; 150, Blocking part; 190, First positioning hole; 200, First connecting piece; 210, Torsion spring; 300, Second connecting piece; 310, Tail hook; 400, Hinge cup; 410, U-shaped pin; 500, Buffer device; 510, Slide; 511, First protrusion; 512, Second protrusion; 520, Buffer; 521, Damping cylinder; 522, Damping rod; 600, Disassembly frame; 700, Abutment assembly; 710, Limiting shaft; 720, Pad. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other. The application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0044] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0045] like Figures 1-11 As shown, the cup-shaped damping concealed hinge may include: a hinge arm 100, a connecting portion, a hinge cup 400, a stop assembly 700, and a buffer device 500. In some embodiments, it may also include a disassembly bracket 800.

[0046] The connecting portion is hinged between the hinge arm 100 and the hinge cup 400, and the connecting portion includes a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion. In some embodiments, the first connecting member 200 and the second connecting member 300 are hinged to the hinge cup 400 together by a U-shaped pin 410. The hinge cup 400 can be fixed to the door / frame by bolts or the like, and the hinge arm 600 can be fixed to the base by a recessed fixed disassembly bracket 800, and then fixed to the frame / door by the base.

[0047] The hinge arm 100 includes a first mounting area 110, a second mounting area 120, and a third mounting area 130 connected in sequence. The top inner wall of the first mounting area 110 and the top inner wall of the second mounting area 120 form a first angle, and the top inner wall of the second mounting area 120 and the top inner wall of the third mounting area 130 form a second angle. Neither the first angle nor the second angle is 180°. The first mounting area 110 can accommodate part of the torsion spring 210 and leaves some space to facilitate the opening and closing of the hinge. The second mounting area 120 can be used to accommodate the buffer device 500.

[0048] The buffer device 500 is slidably located within the second mounting area 120. The location of the buffer device 500 within the second mounting area 120 facilitates earlier damping. The function of the buffer device 500 is to effectively slow down the opening and closing speed of the cabinet door by slowly releasing accumulated energy, providing a smooth closing experience and preventing impact and noise caused by forceful slamming.

[0049] The second connector 300 has a tail hook 310 on its end side. The tail hook 310 is used to rotate around an axis and hook onto the buffer device 500, so that the buffer device 500 moves closer to and abuts against the abutment component 700, thereby slowing down the opening and closing speed of the hinge. The interaction between the tail hook 310 and the damping device 500 generates a moderate damping force, allowing the hinge to gradually decelerate when closing.

[0050] The abutment component 700 is detachably installed in the first mounting area 110 and is used to abut against the buffer device.

[0051] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the abutment component 700 is detachably installed in the first mounting area 110 of the hinge arm 100, so no additional processing is required for the hinge arm 100 during production.

[0052] For example, some hinges have inwardly recessed grooves on their hinge arms to form protrusions that can be used to abut against a cushioning device. However, the hinge arm and the grooves on its surface are integral, so additional stamping is required on the hinge arm surface during production to form grooves on the hinge arm surface and protrusions on the inside of the hinge arm, which is detrimental to production and reduces production efficiency.

[0053] In this embodiment, the abutment component 700 and the hinge arm 100 are detachable and installable from each other. Therefore, the abutment component 700 can be molded separately without additional processing such as stamping on the hinge arm 100, making the hinge as a whole easier to manufacture and improving production efficiency.

[0054] In an optional embodiment, the first mounting area 110 includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall opposite to each other, the first sidewall being provided with a first positioning hole 190 and the second sidewall being provided with a second positioning hole.

[0055] The abutment component 700 includes a limiting shaft 710 and a pad 720, wherein the limiting shaft 710 spans between the first positioning hole 190 and the second positioning hole, and the pad 720 is limited between the limiting shaft 710 and the top inner wall of the first mounting area 110, and the pad 720 is used to abut against one end of the buffer device 500.

[0056] Specifically, a positioning groove may be provided on one side of the pad 720, which can be used to accommodate the limiting shaft 710 so that the limiting shaft 710 can be easily matched with the pad 720, reducing the risk of disengagement.

[0057] In this embodiment, when one end of the buffer device 500 contacts the pad 720, the position of the buffer device 500 can be made more stable, reducing misalignment caused by sliding or movement. Furthermore, dividing the abutment component into two components, the limiting shaft 710 and the pad 720, allows the limiting shaft 710 and the pad 720 to be mass-produced using different molds, improving production efficiency.

[0058] In this embodiment, the design of the first included angle and the second included angle allows the hinge to be applied to corner cabinets with special angles, so as to adapt to the use of cabinet doors in some irregular or narrow spaces.

[0059] In an optional embodiment, the size of the second included angle depends on the specific corner cabinet.

[0060] In this embodiment, in order to make the hinge match the angle and structure of a special cabinet, the angle of the second included angle can be adjusted accordingly. Furthermore, by replacing the matching hinge arm 100, the hinge can adapt to different opening and closing spaces.

[0061] In optional embodiments, the second included angle may be greater than 180° and less than 270°; or the second included angle may be greater than 90° and less than 180°. A second included angle greater than 180° and less than 270° can accommodate cabinets with smaller opening angles, such as compact corner cabinets or other applications. When the second included angle is greater than 90° and less than 180°, the hinge can provide a larger opening range.

[0062] In an optional embodiment, the second included angle is 220° (e.g., Figure 1 The hinge shown); or the second included angle is 203° (as shown). Figure 10 The hinge shown); or the second included angle is 158° (as shown). Figure 11(The hinge shown). When the second included angle is 220°, the hinge is used on a corner cabinet with a 30° corner angle; when the second included angle is 203°, the hinge is used on a corner cabinet with a 45° corner angle; and when the second included angle is 158°, the hinge is used on a corner cabinet with a 90° corner angle.

[0063] In this embodiment, the degree corresponding to the second included angle can be determined according to the structural requirements of different corner cabinets. In other words, by adjusting and adapting the second included angle, the hinge can be made suitable for the corresponding cabinet corner, enabling the cabinet door to open and close smoothly.

[0064] In an optional embodiment, the first included angle is 110°.

[0065] The first included angle is 110° to facilitate the hinge arm 100 and the first connecting member 200 to be hinged. Depending on specific needs, the first included angle can be set to other angles.

[0066] In an optional embodiment, the buffer device 500 includes a slide 510 and a buffer 520. The buffer 520 includes a damping cylinder 521 and a damping rod 522 with one end inside the damping cylinder 521. The bottom of the slide 510 is provided with a mounting groove for placing the buffer 520. One end of the mounting groove near the first mounting area 110 is provided with an opening, and the other end of the damping rod 522 extends out from the opening.

[0067] The damping cylinder 521 is fixed to the slide block 510, and the other end of the damping rod 522 abuts against the top inner wall of the first mounting area 110. The damping cylinder 521 is installed in the mounting groove of the slide block 510, tightly fitting against the inner wall of the groove, so that it does not shift or loosen during operation. When the hinge is closed to a certain angle, the damping rod 521 is pressed by the top inner wall of the first mounting area 110 and the damping cylinder 522, causing the damping rod 521 to be pressed into the damping cylinder 521 to form a buffer.

[0068] In this embodiment, the buffer 520 is positioned appropriately to provide a buffering effect through the adaptation of the slide 510 and the buffer 520. The other end of the damping rod 521 directly contacts the top inner wall of the first mounting area 110, simplifying the structure and facilitating the top contact of the damping rod 521.

[0069] In an optional embodiment, the first protrusion 511 is located on the side of the slide 510 and is used to hook with the tail hook 310. The first protrusion 511 is used to hook with the tail hook 310. When the hinge rotates to a specific angle, the tail hook 310 will hook the first protrusion 511, thereby driving the slide 510 to press the bottom of the damping cylinder 522, thereby generating a damping force.

[0070] The second protrusion 512 is provided on the hinge arm 100, and a blocking portion 150 is provided to cooperate with the second protrusion 512 to limit the maximum stroke of the buffer device 500. The blocking portion 150 can be a rivet located inside the hinge arm 100, or it can provide support for the buffer device 500 within the hinge arm 100. When the buffer device 500 moves within the hinge arm 100, the second protrusion 512 contacts the blocking portion 150, thereby limiting the maximum stroke position of the damping device 500.

[0071] In this embodiment, the tail hook 310 and the first protrusion 511 enable the buffer device 500 to provide cushioning at appropriate times. The blocking part 150 cooperates with the second protrusion 512 to limit the retraction stroke of the buffer device 500 and keep it operating within a preset range. At the same time, the blocking part 150 provides support to prevent the buffer device 500 from falling out of the hinge arm 100.

[0072] In an optional embodiment, the disassembly bracket 600 is fixed within the third mounting area 130, and the disassembly bracket 600 is used for detachable connection to the mounting base. The disassembly bracket 600 can be embedded in the third mounting area 130 and fixed by bolts or other fixing devices. The disassembly bracket 600 can be connected to the mounting base by a snap-fit ​​clamping method.

[0073] In this embodiment, the design of the disassembly bracket 600 makes it easier to install or remove the mounting base.

[0074] The working principle and process of the cup-shaped damping concealed hinge in this embodiment are described below:

[0075] Closing process: such as Figure 7 , 8 As shown, when the door closes, the torque of the torsion spring 210 drives the hinge cup 400 to rotate in the closing direction. The hinge cup 400 drives the first connecting member 200 and the second connecting member 300 to rotate. When the second connecting member 300 rotates in the closing direction around the hinge point between the hinge arm 100 and the second connecting member 300, the tail hook 310 on the second connecting member 300 will hook the first protrusion 511 provided on the slide block 510, and drive the slide block 510 to move towards the inner top wall of the first mounting area 110, so that the damping rod 522 and the damping cylinder 521 are pressed against each other to form a buffer, thereby slowing down the movement speed of the buffer device 500. At the same time, the slowed movement speed of the buffer device 500 reduces the rotation speed of the hinge cup 400 through the second connecting member 300, so that the door panel closes slowly and gently, eliminating the impact sound between the door panel and the cabinet.

[0076] Opening process: When the hinge cup 400 rotates in the opening direction, the second connector 300 rotates in the opening direction around the hinge joint between the hinge arm 100 and the second connector 300. The tail hook 310 on the second connector 300 will disengage from the first protrusion 511 of the slide block, and at the same time, the elastic force of the buffer 520 will cause the damping rod 522 to push out, driving the slide block 510 to move away from the inner wall of the first mounting area 110. After the hinge cup 400 is fully opened, the hinge returns to the state before the closing action.

[0077] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0078] For ease of description, directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right," "horizontal, vertical, horizontal," and "top, bottom" generally indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are used solely for the purpose of facilitating the description of this application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner or outer contours relative to the components themselves. For example, if a device in the drawings is inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures will subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein are interpreted accordingly.

[0079] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0080] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0081] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this application. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0082] It should also be noted that the terms "one embodiment," "another embodiment," or "embodiment" used in this specification refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment, which are included in at least one embodiment described in the general description of this application. The appearance of the same expression in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, the intention is to suggest that implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of this application.

[0083] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0084] It should also be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural changes made using the content of this application’s specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. A cup-shaped damping mortise hinge, characterized by, The cup-shaped damping concealed hinge comprises a hinge arm (100), a connecting part, a hinge cup (400), an abutting assembly (700) and a buffering device (500). The connecting part is hingedly connected between the hinge arm (100) and the hinge cup (400), and comprises a first connecting piece (200) and a second connecting piece (300). The hinge arm (100) comprises a first mounting area (110), a second mounting area (120) and a third mounting area (130) connected in sequence, the top inner wall of the first mounting area (110) and the top inner wall of the second mounting area (120) form a first included angle, the top inner wall of the second mounting area (120) and the top inner wall of the third mounting area (130) form a second included angle, and the first included angle and the second included angle are both not 180°. The buffering device (500) is slidably located in the second mounting area (120). The end side of the second connecting piece (300) is provided with a tail hook (310), the tail hook (310) is used for rotating around an axis and hooking the buffering device (500), so that the buffering device (500) is close to and abuts against the abutting assembly (700), so as to slow down the opening and closing speed of the hinge. The abutting assembly (700) is detachably installed in the first mounting area (110) and is used for abutting against the buffering device (500).

2. The cup-shaped damping concealed hinge according to claim 1, wherein the size of the second included angle is determined according to different cabinet bodies.

3. The cup-shaped damping concealed hinge according to claim 1, wherein the second included angle is greater than 180° and less than 270°; or the second included angle is greater than 90° and less than 180°.

4. The cup-shaped damping concealed hinge according to claim 1, wherein the second included angle is 220°; or the second included angle is 203°; or the second included angle is 158°. The first included angle is 110°. The first mounting area (110) comprises opposite first and second side walls, the first side wall is provided with a first positioning hole (190), and the second side wall is provided with a second positioning hole. The abutting assembly (700) comprises: A limiting shaft (710) crossing between the first and second positioning holes (190); A pad (720) limited between the limiting shaft (710) and the top inner wall of the first mounting area (110), and the pad (720) is used for abutting against one end of the buffering device (500).

7. The cup-shaped damping concealed hinge according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the buffering device (500) comprises a sliding seat (510) and a buffer (520), the buffer (520) comprises a damping cylinder (521) and a damping rod (522) with one end in the damping cylinder (521); The damping cylinder (521) is fixed on the sliding seat (510), and the other end of the damping rod (522) abuts against the top inner wall of the first mounting area (110).

5. The cup-shaped damping mortise hinge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding seat (510) is provided with:

6. The cup-shaped damping mortise hinge according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8. Cup damper mortise according to claim 7, characterized in that ​ A first protrusion (511) is arranged on the side of the sliding base (510) and used to connect with the tail hook (310); and / or A second protrusion (512) is arranged on the hinge arm (100) and used to limit the maximum stroke of the buffer device (500).

9. The cup-shaped damper mortise according to claim 1, characterized in that, A dismounting rack (600) is further included, The dismounting rack (600) is fixed in the third mounting area (130), and the dismounting rack (600) is used to be detachably connected with the mounting base.

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