Microstrip antenna

Abstract

The utility model provides a microstrip antenna. The microstrip antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, antenna structure plates arranged on two sides of the dielectric substrate, and a floor. One side, far away from the floor, of the back surface of the dielectric substrate is sunken towards the direction close to the antenna structure plate to form a rectangular slot; the antenna structure plate comprises two first microstrip lines, a second microstrip line, a third microstrip line, a fourth microstrip line and a fifth microstrip line which are arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate and are oppositely arranged at intervals along a direction parallel to a first direction, and the fifth microstrip line is formed by extending the third microstrip line towards one side far away from the second microstrip line; two ends of the two first microstrip lines are respectively connected with the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line; the two first micro-strip lines, the second micro-strip line, the third micro-strip line and the fourth micro-strip line jointly define a first concave groove structure; and the third micro-strip line and the fourth micro-strip line jointly define a second concave groove structure. The microstrip antenna provided by the utility model is simpler in structure, smaller in size and lower in subsequent processing cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a microstrip antenna. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, wireless communication technology has played an increasingly important role in our lives. Wireless communication technology is a crucial component of information transmission, allowing data to be transmitted via electromagnetic waves without a physical connection. Since the birth of radio technology in the early 20th century, wireless communication has undergone rapid development, gradually evolving into various modern communication standards. Its basic components include a transmitter, a receiver, and a transmission medium. The transmitter modulates information into electromagnetic signals, which are then demodulated back into the original information by the receiver after propagating through the air.

[0003] With the widespread adoption of mobile devices and the internet, wireless communication technologies have been extensively applied. Standards such as IEEE 802.11 (WLAN), Bluetooth, and LTE / 5G have been successively introduced, meeting diverse needs from short-range personal device connections to wide-area networks. These technologies not only improve data transmission rates but also enhance network coverage and connectivity. Wireless communication is increasingly used in mobile communications, smart homes, the Internet of Things (IoT), and industrial automation. Facing the demands of a future information society for high-speed, reliable, and secure communication, wireless communication technologies continue to evolve to adapt to the ever-changing market environment and technological challenges. Since these technologies typically require devices to operate in dual-band or even tri-band environments, the design of antennas for terminal devices in wireless communication systems is particularly important.

[0004] However, existing multi-frequency technologies typically use multi-stub radiation, with different stubs operating at different frequencies. For a tri-band microstrip antenna, three resonant stubs are usually required, leading to a complex antenna structure, too many design parameters, and potentially increased manufacturing costs. Furthermore, the bandwidth of each frequency band is significantly limited; some bands may have narrow bandwidths that cannot meet certain application requirements. Additionally, traditional tri-band microstrip antennas often require irregular slots in the ground plane to generate new resonant points, which not only increases design complexity but also significantly hinders subsequent optimization. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the shortcomings of the existing technologies, this invention proposes a microstrip antenna to solve the problems of complex structure and narrow bandwidth of existing microstrip antennas.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] This utility model embodiment provides a microstrip antenna, which includes a dielectric substrate, an antenna structure plate disposed on the front side of the dielectric substrate, and a ground plane disposed on the back side of the dielectric substrate; a rectangular slot is formed by recessing the back side of the dielectric substrate away from the ground plane towards the antenna structure plate.

[0008] The antenna structure board includes two first microstrip lines disposed on the front side of the dielectric substrate and spaced apart from each other along a first direction; a second microstrip line and a third microstrip line disposed on the front side of the dielectric substrate and spaced apart from each other along a second direction; a fourth microstrip line extending from the second microstrip line toward the third microstrip line; and a fifth microstrip line extending from the third microstrip line toward the direction away from the second microstrip line. The two ends of the two first microstrip lines are respectively connected to the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line.

[0009] The first microstrip line, the second microstrip line, the third microstrip line, and the fourth microstrip line together form a first concave groove structure; the third microstrip line and the fourth microstrip line together form a second concave groove structure.

[0010] Preferably, the fifth microstrip line includes two first sub-microstrip lines disposed on the third microstrip line and both extending toward the second microstrip line, two second sub-microstrip lines formed by bending and extending the ends of the two first sub-microstrip lines away from the third microstrip line in opposite directions, two third sub-microstrip lines formed by bending and extending the two second sub-microstrip lines toward the third microstrip line, and a fourth sub-microstrip line connecting the two third sub-microstrip lines;

[0011] The third microstrip line, the two first sub-microstrip lines, the two second sub-microstrip lines, the two third sub-microstrip lines, and the fourth sub-microstrip line together form the second concave groove structure.

[0012] Preferably, the first sub-microstrip line is parallel to the third sub-microstrip line, and the second sub-microstrip line is parallel to the fourth sub-microstrip line.

[0013] Preferably, the first sub-microstrip line extends along the first direction, and the second sub-microstrip line extends along the second direction; the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0014] Preferably, the fourth microstrip line extends between the two third sub-microstrip lines and is spaced apart from the third sub-microstrip lines, and the fourth microstrip line is directly opposite to the fourth sub-microstrip line and spaced apart from it.

[0015] Preferably, the two first microstrip lines are fixed to the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line respectively to form a rectangular structure.

[0016] Preferably, the microstrip antenna further includes a sixth microstrip line, which extends from the third microstrip line in a direction away from the second microstrip line and along the first direction.

[0017] Preferably, the sixth microstrip line is perpendicular to the third microstrip line, and the sixth microstrip line and the fourth microstrip line are on the same straight line.

[0018] Preferably, the length, width, and thickness of the dielectric substrate are 34 mm, 21 mm, and 1.5 mm, respectively.

[0019] Preferably, the rectangular slot is disposed adjacent to the floor and opposite to the antenna structure plate; the length of the rectangular slot is less than the length of the dielectric substrate.

[0020] Compared with related technologies, in the embodiments of this utility model, the microstrip antenna includes a dielectric substrate, an antenna structure plate, and a ground plane respectively disposed on opposite sides of the dielectric substrate. A rectangular slot is formed by recessing the back side of the dielectric substrate away from the ground plane towards the antenna structure plate. The antenna structure plate includes two first microstrip lines disposed on the front side of the dielectric substrate and spaced apart from each other along a first direction, a second microstrip line and a third microstrip line disposed on the front side of the dielectric substrate and spaced apart from each other along a second direction, a fourth microstrip line extending from the second microstrip line towards the side closer to the third microstrip line, a fourth microstrip line extending from one side of the third microstrip line towards the side closer to the second microstrip line, and a fifth microstrip line extending from the third microstrip line towards the side away from the second microstrip line. The two ends of the two first microstrip lines are respectively connected to the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line. The two first microstrip lines, the second microstrip line, the third microstrip line, and the fourth microstrip line together form a first concave groove structure. The third microstrip line and the fourth microstrip line together form a second concave groove structure. This method achieves three-frequency operation by opening double "concave" grooves on the front side of the dielectric substrate and rectangular grooves on the ground plane; the structure is simpler, the size is smaller, and the subsequent processing cost is lower. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The above and other aspects of the present invention will become clearer and easier to understand through the detailed description in conjunction with the following drawings. (Appendix)

[0022] In the picture:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural layers of a microstrip antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2A schematic diagram showing the front and back sides of the microstrip antenna provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the antenna structure plate of the microstrip antenna provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 4 Simulation curve of antenna reflection coefficient of microstrip antenna provided for embodiments of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 5 Simulation curve of antenna voltage standing wave ratio of microstrip antenna provided for embodiments of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 6 The radiation pattern of the microstrip antenna provided in this embodiment of the present invention at 2.4 GHz;

[0029] Figure 7 The radiation pattern of the microstrip antenna provided in this embodiment of the present invention at 3.5 GHz;

[0030] Figure 8 The radiation pattern of the microstrip antenna at 5.8 GHz provided for an embodiment of this utility model.

[0031] Among them, 100 is a microstrip antenna, 1 is a dielectric substrate, 2 is a ground plane, 3 is an antenna structure board, 31 is a first microstrip line, 32 is a second microstrip line, 33 is a third microstrip line, 34 is a fourth microstrip line, 35 is a fifth microstrip line, 351 is a first sub-microstrip line, 352 is a second sub-microstrip line, 353 is a third sub-microstrip line, 354 is a fourth sub-microstrip line, 36 is a sixth microstrip line, 4 is a rectangular slot, 5 is a first concave slot structure, and 6 is a second concave slot structure. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein in the specification of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing drawings of this application, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, or foregoing drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a particular order.

[0033] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0034] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0035] Please see Figures 1-3 As shown, this utility model embodiment provides a microstrip antenna 100, which includes a dielectric substrate 1, an antenna structure plate 3 disposed on the front side of the dielectric substrate 1, and a ground plane 2 disposed on the back side of the dielectric substrate 1; a rectangular slot 4 is formed by recessing the back side of the dielectric substrate 1 away from the ground plane 2 toward the antenna structure plate 3.

[0036] Optionally, the dielectric substrate 1 is an FR4 substrate. FR4 substrate is a designation for a flame-retardant material grade, meaning that the resin material must be able to self-extinguish after combustion; it is a material grade.

[0037] The antenna structure plate 3 includes two first microstrip lines 31 disposed on the front side of the dielectric substrate 1 and spaced apart from each other along a first direction; a second microstrip line 32 and a third microstrip line 33 disposed on the front side of the dielectric substrate 1 and spaced apart from each other along a second direction; a fourth microstrip line 34 extending from the second microstrip line 32 toward the side closer to the third microstrip line 33; a fourth microstrip line 34 extending from one side of the third microstrip line 33 toward the direction closer to the second microstrip line 32; and a fifth microstrip line 35 extending from the third microstrip line 33 away from the second microstrip line 32. The two ends of the two first microstrip lines 31 are respectively connected to the second microstrip line 32 and the third microstrip line 33. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0038] Two first microstrip lines 31, two second microstrip lines 32, three third microstrip lines 33, and four fourth microstrip lines 34 together form a first concave groove structure 5; the third microstrip line 33 and the fourth microstrip line 34 together form a second concave groove structure 6. By using the first concave groove structure 5 and the second concave groove structure 6, the design parameters for the double concave groove are fewer and easier to design compared to traditional methods. For the dielectric substrate 1 adjacent to the ground plane 2, a rectangular slot 4 is used, which can easily generate three resonant points, covering the required frequency points and providing a large bandwidth.

[0039] In this embodiment, the fifth microstrip line 35 includes two first sub-microstrip lines 351 disposed on the third microstrip line 33 and extending towards the second microstrip line 32, two second sub-microstrip lines 352 formed by bending and extending the ends of the two first sub-microstrip lines 351 away from the third microstrip line 33 in opposite directions, two third sub-microstrip lines 353 formed by bending and extending the two second sub-microstrip lines 352 towards the third microstrip line 33, and a fourth sub-microstrip line 354 connecting the two third sub-microstrip lines 353; the third microstrip line 33, the two first sub-microstrip lines 351, the two second sub-microstrip lines 352, the two third sub-microstrip lines 353, and the fourth sub-microstrip line 354 together form the second concave groove structure 6.

[0040] In this embodiment, the first sub-microstrip line 351 is parallel to the third sub-microstrip line 353, the second sub-microstrip line 352 is parallel to the fourth sub-microstrip line 354, and the first sub-microstrip line 351 is perpendicular to the second sub-microstrip line 352. This makes the overall structure of the fifth microstrip line 35 regular and facilitates production.

[0041] In this embodiment, the first sub-microstrip line 351 extends along the first direction, and the second sub-microstrip line 352 extends along the second direction; the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0042] In this embodiment, the fourth microstrip line 34 extends between the two third sub-microstrip lines 33 and is spaced apart from the third sub-microstrip lines 33. The fourth microstrip line 34 and the fourth sub-microstrip line 354 are directly opposite each other and spaced apart. This facilitates improved coupling between the fourth microstrip line 34 and the fifth microstrip line 35.

[0043] In this embodiment, the two first microstrip lines 31 are fixed to the second microstrip line 32 and the third microstrip line 33 respectively to form a rectangular structure. This facilitates manufacturing.

[0044] In this embodiment, the microstrip antenna 100 further includes a sixth microstrip line 36, which extends from the third microstrip line 33 in a direction away from the second microstrip line 32 and along the first direction.

[0045] In this embodiment, the sixth microstrip line 36 is perpendicular to the third microstrip line 33; the sixth microstrip line 36 and the fourth microstrip line 34 are located on the same straight line.

[0046] In this embodiment, the length, width, and thickness of the dielectric substrate 1 are 34 mm, 21 mm, and 1.5 mm, respectively. The size is moderate, facilitating miniaturization.

[0047] In this embodiment, the rectangular slot 4 is arranged adjacent to the ground plane 2 and opposite to the antenna structure plate 3; the length of the rectangular slot 4 is less than the length of the dielectric substrate 1. The use of the rectangular slot 4 in the dielectric substrate 1 allows for the easy generation of three resonant points, covering the required frequency points, and providing a large bandwidth.

[0048] In this embodiment, by Figure 4 and 5 As shown, the antenna produces one resonance at 2.4GHz, 3.5GHz, and 5.8GHz, with return losses of -14.56dB, -20.23dB, and -14.93dB at the three resonance points, respectively. Furthermore, the antenna's S11 coefficient is less than -10dB in the three frequency bands of 2.36GHz-2.46GHz, 3GHz-4.55GHz, and 5.6GHz-6.1GHz, with bandwidths of 0.1GHz, 1.55GHz, and 0.5GHz, respectively, all within the application frequency range of WLAN / WiMAX. Moreover, the VSWR is less than 1.6 at all three resonance points and also less than 1.6 within the application frequency band, basically meeting the requirements of the engineering design.

[0049] The radiation patterns of the antenna in the three frequency bands will be analyzed below. Given that the antenna is placed on the XOY plane, the E plane is located on the YOZ plane, and the H plane is located on the XOZ plane. The figure shows the radiation pattern of this antenna for θ = 0° and θ = -180° to 180°.

[0050] In this embodiment, the microstrip antenna 100 was simulated, and the simulation results of the antenna's reflection coefficient S11 curve and voltage standing wave ratio characteristic curve are as follows: Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown.

[0051] As above Figure 6 As shown, when the resonant frequency is 2.4 GHz, the pattern gain reaches 2.22 dB, the antenna E-plane radiates omnidirectionally, and the H-plane radiates approximately in a figure-eight shape.

[0052] As above Figure 7 As shown, when the resonant frequency is 3.5 GHz, the pattern gain is 0.94 dB, the antenna E-plane radiates omnidirectionally, and the H-plane radiates approximately in a figure-eight shape.

[0053] like Figure 8 As shown, when the resonant frequency is 5.8 GHz, the pattern gain reaches 0.82 dB, the antenna E-plane radiates omnidirectionally, and the H-plane radiates approximately in a figure-eight shape.

[0054] In summary, this invention uses FR4 as the dielectric substrate 1, and its overall dimensions are 21mm × 34mm × 1.5mm. Compared to some traditional multi-frequency microstrip antennas, it achieves miniaturization and contributes to saving subsequent processing costs. The upper radiating patch adopts a double "concave" groove structure, and the ground plane 2 adopts a rectangular slot 4. This structure can easily generate three resonant points, covering the required frequency points, and has a large bandwidth.

[0055] It should be noted that the various embodiments described above with reference to the accompanying drawings are only illustrative of the present invention and not intended to limit its scope. Those skilled in the art should understand that any modifications or equivalent substitutions made to the present invention without departing from its spirit and scope should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, unless the context otherwise requires, singular terms include plural forms, and vice versa. Additionally, unless specifically stated otherwise, all or part of any embodiment may be used in conjunction with all or part of any other embodiment.

Claims

1. A microstrip antenna, characterized by, The microstrip antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, an antenna structure plate arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate, and a ground plate arranged on the back surface of the dielectric substrate; the back surface of the dielectric substrate is recessed to form a rectangular slot in the direction close to the antenna structure plate; The antenna structure plate comprises two first microstrip lines arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate and spaced apart in parallel to the first direction, a second microstrip line and a third microstrip line arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate and spaced apart in parallel to the second direction, a fourth microstrip line extending from the second microstrip line to the direction close to the third microstrip line, and a fifth microstrip line extending from the third microstrip line to the direction away from the second microstrip line; the two ends of the two first microstrip lines are respectively connected to the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line; The two first microstrip lines, the second microstrip line, the third microstrip line, and the fourth microstrip line jointly form a first concave slot structure; The third microstrip line and the fourth microstrip line jointly form a second concave slot structure.

2. The microstrip antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The fifth microstrip line comprises two first sub-microstrip lines arranged on the third microstrip line and extending in the direction close to the second microstrip line, two second sub-microstrip lines respectively bent and extended from one end of the two first sub-microstrip lines away from the third microstrip line in opposite directions, two third sub-microstrip lines respectively bent and extended from the two second sub-microstrip lines in the direction close to the third microstrip line, and a fourth sub-microstrip line connecting the two third sub-microstrip lines; The third microstrip line, the two first sub-microstrip lines, the two second sub-microstrip lines, the two third sub-microstrip lines, and the fourth sub-microstrip line jointly form the second concave slot structure.

3. The microstrip antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that The first sub-microstrip line is parallel to the third sub-microstrip line, and the second sub-microstrip line is parallel to the fourth sub-microstrip line.

4. The microstrip antenna according to claim 2, wherein The first sub-microstrip line extends along the first direction, and the second sub-microstrip line extends along the second direction; the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

5. The microstrip antenna according to claim 2, wherein The fourth microstrip line extends between the two third sub-microstrip lines and is spaced apart from the third sub-microstrip line; the fourth microstrip line is opposite to the fourth sub-microstrip line and spaced apart from the fourth sub-microstrip line.

6. The microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein The two first microstrip lines are respectively fixed with the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line to form a rectangular structure.

7. The microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein The microstrip antenna further comprises a sixth microstrip line extending from the third microstrip line in the direction away from the second microstrip line and along the first direction.

8. The microstrip antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that The sixth microstrip line is perpendicular to the third microstrip line, and the sixth microstrip line and the fourth microstrip line are located on the same straight line.

9. The microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein The length, width, and thickness of the dielectric substrate are 34 mm, 21 mm, and 1.5 mm, respectively.

10. The microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein The rectangular slot is arranged adjacent to the ground plate, and the rectangular slot is arranged opposite to the antenna structure plate; the length of the rectangular slot is less than the length of the dielectric substrate.

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