Dustproof and waterproof structure and photoelectric encoder thereof

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of photoelectric encoders, and discloses a dustproof and waterproof structure and a photoelectric encoder thereof.The dustproof and waterproof structure comprises a protection plate, a first fixing box is fixedly installed on the rear side wall face of the protection plate, a second fixing box is fixedly installed on the right side wall face of the protection plate, and the front side wall face of the protection plate is in a hollowed-out state; a first sliding groove is formed in the middle of the left side wall face of the protection plate. And the limiting device comprises a plurality of clamping plates, the arc-shaped inner wall of each clamping plate is provided with a clamping groove, the multiple clamping plates are located in the cavity of the protection plate, the right side positions of the two clamping plates on the front side are each provided with a rotating handle, and the front side wall face, the upper side wall face and the lower side wall face of the flow guide plate are all in a hollowed-out state. The encoder main body can be limited through the limiting device, the encoder main body can be replaced by making the encoder main body detachable, the encoder main body is cooled and cleaned through the airflow device, and the cooling and cleaning effects are improved through water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of photoelectric encoder technology, specifically, it relates to a dustproof and waterproof structure and its photoelectric encoder. Background Technology

[0002] An optical encoder is a sensor that converts the mechanical geometric displacement of an output shaft into pulses or digital signals through photoelectric conversion. It is the most widely used sensor, and an optical encoder consists of a light source, a code disk, and a photosensitive element. The code disk has several rectangular holes evenly spaced on a circular plate of a certain diameter. Since the code disk is coaxial with the motor, the code disk rotates at the same speed as the motor. A detection device composed of light-emitting diodes and other electronic components detects and outputs several pulse signals. By calculating the number of pulses output per second by the optical encoder, the current motor speed can be reflected. Furthermore, to determine the direction of rotation, the code disk can also provide two pulse signals with a 90° phase difference. However, in the operation of the existing technology, the inventors discovered the following problems:

[0003] The prior art discloses a dustproof and water-splash-proof photoelectric encoder (202310317619.4), which includes an encoder body, a main housing and a secondary housing located outside the encoder body, and a protective cover located above the shaft end of the encoder body. The encoder body includes a fixing sleeve, an output circuit, a photosensitive device, and a code disk. The output circuit and the photosensitive device are connected to a power supply. The code disk is located inside the shaft end, and the fixing sleeve is installed on the outside of the shaft end. A light source box is installed on one side of the encoder body, and a light source is installed at the lower end of the light source box away from the encoder body. The main housing and the secondary housing are both metal housings. A conductive rod is provided in the middle of the lower surface of the main housing, and the conductive rod is connected to the ground to remove static electricity.

[0004] Existing technologies use main and secondary housings to prevent dust and rainwater from entering the photoelectric encoder and dissipate heat through ventilation holes. However, the fact that the photoelectric encoder is encased in main and secondary housings may result in poor heat dissipation. Furthermore, dust and rainwater may enter the housing through the ventilation holes, causing rainwater to accumulate inside. Therefore, existing technologies have certain drawbacks.

[0005] In view of this, this utility model is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0007] A dustproof and waterproof structure, comprising:

[0008] The protective plate has a first fixing box fixedly installed on the rear side wall and a second fixing box fixedly installed on the right side wall. The front side wall of the protective plate is hollowed out, and a first sliding groove is opened in the middle of the left side wall. The bottom wall of the first fixing box is hollowed out and has an exhaust port.

[0009] The limiting device includes multiple clamping plates, each of which is arc-shaped. Each clamping plate has a slot on its arc-shaped inner wall. The clamping plates are located inside the cavity of the protective plate. A rotating handle is provided on the right side of the two front clamping plates. The two rotating handles are located inside the cavity of the second fixed box. A translation rod is provided on the right side of the two rotating handles.

[0010] The airflow device includes a guide plate, the front side wall and the upper and lower side walls of the guide plate are hollowed out, a fan is installed at the rear side of the guide plate, and a translation plate is installed in the cavity of the second fixed box, the front side wall, the rear side wall and the left side wall of the translation plate are hollowed out.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the left and right side walls of the two rear clamps are fixedly connected to the left and right side walls of the cavity of the protective plate, respectively. A connecting block is fixedly installed on the left and right side walls of the two front clamps. A second through hole is opened on the left and right side walls of the protective plate at the position corresponding to the connecting block. Multiple connecting blocks pass through the corresponding second through holes. An anti-detachment block is fixedly installed on the left side wall of the two left connecting blocks. The anti-detachment block is located on the left side of the protective plate.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the two connecting blocks on the right side are fixedly connected to one end of the two rotating handles, and the left and right side walls of the other end of the rotating handles are hollowed out. Two limiting blocks are fixedly installed on the right side wall of the translation rod, and the two limiting blocks are movably installed in the cavities of the two rotating handles. Two springs are fixedly installed on the left side wall of the translation rod, and the other ends of the two springs are fixedly connected to the right side wall of the protective plate.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a fourth through hole is provided on the right side wall of the second fixing box, and a pull rod is fixedly installed on the right side wall of the translation rod. The pull rod passes through the fourth through hole, and the end of the pull rod away from the translation rod is T-shaped. The T-shaped end of the pull rod is located on the right side of the second fixing box.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the left and right side walls of the guide plate are fixedly connected to the left and right side walls of the cavity of the protective plate. The left side wall and the front side wall of the left end of the guide plate are also hollowed out. The left and right side walls and the rear side wall of the cavity of the guide plate are also hollowed out.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, an arc-shaped plate is fixedly installed on the upper and lower side walls of the two guide plates. The side walls of the two sets of arc-shaped plates on the left and right sides that are close to each other are hollowed out. A fixing rod is provided at the rear side of the guide plate. The left and right ends of the fixing rod are fixedly connected to the left and right side walls of the cavity of the protective plate, respectively. A drive motor is fixedly installed on the rear side wall of the protective plate, and a fan is fixedly installed at the output end of the drive motor.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a first through hole is provided on the right side wall of the protective plate. The translation plate is located in the cavity of the first through hole and the second fixing box. A limiting block is fixedly installed on the rear left side wall of the cavity of the translation plate. The limiting block corresponds to the position of the hollow part on the left side of the guide plate. A threaded rod is rotatably installed on the right side wall of the translation plate. A third through hole is provided on the right side wall of the second fixing box. The threaded rod passes through the third through hole and is threadedly connected to the third through hole.

[0017] An optical encoder, comprising:

[0018] As described above, in any of the dustproof and waterproof structures and encoder bodies, a fixing sleeve is fixedly installed on the left side wall of the encoder body, a variable diameter connector is fixedly installed on the left side wall of the fixing sleeve, and a locking ring is fixedly installed on the left side wall of the variable diameter connector. The fixing sleeve, variable diameter connector, and locking ring correspond to the first and second sliding grooves on the left side of the protective plate and the guide plate. The encoder body can be located between multiple clamping plates. The inner side wall of the guide plate cavity and the two sets of arc plates are all in contact with the left and right side walls of the encoder body.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] 1. In summary, by setting a limiting device and then an airflow device, the encoder body can be limited by the limiting device, the encoder body can be replaced by making it detachable, the encoder body can be cooled and cleaned by the airflow device, and water can be used to improve the cooling and cleaning effect. Finally, the water is drained. Compared with the existing technology, it has the characteristics of being easy to use and having a simple structure.

[0021] 2. In summary, by setting up an encoder body, protective plate, second through hole, connecting block, clamping plate, anti-detachment block, rotating handle, spring, pull rod, translation rod, and limiting block, the encoder body can be locked between multiple clamping plates by rotating the two clamping plates on the front side for limiting. The two clamping plates on the front side are limited by limiting the two translation rods. It is convenient to use and has a simple structure.

[0022] 3. In summary, by setting up an encoder body, protective plate, second through hole, connecting block, clamping plate, anti-detachment block, rotating handle, spring, slot, pull rod, translation rod, and limit block, the encoder body can be locked between multiple clamping plates by rotating the two clamping plates on the front side for limiting. The two clamping plates on the front side are limited by limiting the two translation rods. It is convenient to use and has a simple structure.

[0023] 4. In summary, by setting up the encoder body, protective plate, guide plate, first slide groove and second slide groove, the encoder body can be inserted between multiple clamping plates, which is convenient to use and has a simple structure.

[0024] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0025] In the attached diagram:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present utility model;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of one side of the limiting device and airflow device of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the limiting device and airflow device of this utility model from another side;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the encoder body 10 of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the protective plate 14 of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the clamping plate 18 of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the guide plate 19 of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the limiting device and airflow device of this utility model;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the limiting device part of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a perspective view of the airflow device of this utility model.

[0036] In the diagram: 10. Encoder body; 11. Fixing sleeve; 12. Variable diameter connector; 13. Locking ring; 14. Protective plate; 15. First fixing box; 16. Exhaust port; 17. Second fixing box; 18. Clamping plate; 19. Guide plate; 20. Rotating handle; 21. Translation plate; 22. Translation rod; 24. Fixing rod; 25. Drive motor; 26. Fan; 28. First through hole; 29. ​​Second through hole; 30. Connecting block; 31. Anti-detachment block; 33. Arc plate; 34. Third through hole; 35. Fourth through hole; 36. Spring; 37. Pull rod; 38. Limiting block; 39. Threaded rod; 40. First slide groove; 41. Second slide groove; 42. Slot. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are used to illustrate this utility model.

[0038] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a dustproof and waterproof structure includes:

[0039] The protective plate 14 has a first fixing box 15 fixedly installed on the rear side wall and a second fixing box 17 fixedly installed on the right side wall. The front side wall of the protective plate 14 is hollowed out, and a first sliding groove 40 is opened in the middle of the left side wall. The bottom wall of the first fixing box 15 is hollowed out and has an exhaust port 16.

[0040] The limiting device includes multiple clamping plates 18, each of which is arc-shaped. Each clamping plate 18 has a slot 42 on its arc-shaped inner wall. The multiple clamping plates 18 are located inside the cavity of the protective plate 14. A rotating handle 20 is provided on the right side of the two front clamping plates 18. The two rotating handles 20 are located inside the cavity of the second fixing box 17. A translation rod 22 is provided on the right side of the two rotating handles 20.

[0041] The airflow device includes a guide plate 19, the front side wall and the upper and lower side walls of the guide plate 19 are hollowed out, a fan 26 is provided at the rear side of the guide plate 19, and a translation plate 21 is provided in the cavity of the second fixed box 17, the front side wall, the rear side wall and the left side wall of the translation plate 21 are hollowed out.

[0042] It is worth noting that the encoder body 10, the fixing sleeve 11, the variable diameter connector 12 and the locking ring 13 have all been disclosed in a dustproof and waterproof immersion photoelectric encoder (202310317619.4), and will not be described in detail here.

[0043] In practical use, the limiting device can limit the encoder body 10 through multiple clamps 18. By rotating the two front clamps 18, the encoder body 10 can be positioned between the multiple clamps 18. The two front clamps 18 are fixed by rotating the two rotating handles 20, thereby fixing the encoder body 10. The airflow device can drive the airflow through the rotation of the fan 26. The airflow between the guide plate 19 and the encoder body 10 can dissipate heat, clean and drain the encoder body 10.

[0044] In summary, by setting a limiting device and then an airflow device, the encoder body 10 can be limited by the limiting device, the encoder body 10 can be replaced by making it detachable, the encoder body 10 can be cooled and cleaned by the airflow device, and water can be used to improve the cooling and cleaning effect. Finally, the water is discharged. Compared with the existing technology, it has the characteristics of being easy to use and having a simple structure.

[0045] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the left and right side walls of the two rear clamping plates 18 are fixedly connected to the left and right side walls of the cavity of the protective plate 14, respectively. A connecting block 30 is fixedly installed on the left and right side walls of the two front clamping plates 18. A second through hole 29 is opened on the left and right side walls of the protective plate 14 at the position corresponding to the connecting block 30. Multiple connecting blocks 30 pass through the corresponding second through hole 29. An anti-detachment block 31 is fixedly installed on the left side wall of the two left connecting blocks 30. The anti-detachment block 31 is located on the left side of the protective plate 14.

[0046] The two connecting blocks 30 on the right side are fixedly connected to one end of the two rotating handles 20 respectively. The left and right walls of the other end of the rotating handles 20 are hollow. Two limiting blocks 38 are fixedly installed on the right wall of the translation rod 22. The two limiting blocks 38 are movably installed in the cavities of the two rotating handles 20 respectively. Two springs 36 are fixedly installed on the left wall of the translation rod 22. The other ends of the two springs 36 are fixedly connected to the right wall of the protective plate 14.

[0047] A fourth through hole 35 is provided on the right side wall of the second fixing box 17. A pull rod 37 is fixedly installed on the right side wall of the translation rod 22. The pull rod 37 passes through the fourth through hole 35. The end of the pull rod 37 away from the translation rod 22 is T-shaped. The T-shaped end of the pull rod 37 is located on the right side of the second fixing box 17.

[0048] In practical use, when the operator inserts the encoder body 10 into the cavity of the protective plate 14, one side wall of the encoder body 10 will engage with the cavities of the two clamping plates 18 on the front side. When the encoder body 10 is pushed, the clamping plates 18 can be rotated until the rear side wall of the encoder body 10 engages with the slot 42 on the rear clamping plate 18. The anti-disengagement block 31 can effectively limit the clamping plate 18 using the protective plate 14, the connecting block 30, and the second through hole 29. When the clamping plate 18 rotates, it can drive the connecting block 30 on the right side to rotate. The rotation of the connecting block 30 can drive the rotating handle 20 to rotate. The rotating handle 20, which is in a vertical position, is rotated to a horizontal position. Before the rotating handle 20 rotates, the operator needs to pull the lever 37 to the right. The movement of the lever 37 can drive the translation lever 22 and the limiting block 38 to move. When the rotating handle 20 is in a horizontal position, the lever 37 can be released to allow the translation lever 22 to drive the two limiting blocks 38 to move and insert the two limiting blocks 38 into the cavities of the two rotating handles 20, thereby limiting the rotating handle 20 and limiting the two clamping plates 18 on the front side. The force of the spring 36 can reset the lever 37 and the translation lever 22, thereby completing the limiting operation of the encoder body 10.

[0049] In summary, by setting up the encoder body 10, protective plate 14, second through hole 29, connecting block 30, clamping plate 18, anti-detachment block 31, rotating handle 20, spring 36, slot 42, pull rod 37, translation rod 22 and limiting block 38, the encoder body 10 can be locked between multiple clamping plates 18 by rotating the two clamping plates 18 on the front side, and the two clamping plates 18 on the front side can be limited by limiting the two translation rods 22. It is convenient to use and has a simple structure.

[0050] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 10 As shown, the left and right side walls of the guide plate 19 are fixedly connected to the left and right side walls inside the cavity of the protective plate 14. The left side wall and the front side wall at the left end of the guide plate 19 are also hollowed out. The left and right side walls and the rear side wall inside the cavity of the guide plate 19 are also hollowed out.

[0051] An arc-shaped plate 33 is fixedly installed on the upper and lower side walls of the two guide plates 19. The side walls of the two sets of arc-shaped plates 33 on the left and right sides that are close to each other are hollowed out. A fixing rod 24 is provided at the rear side of the guide plate 19. The left and right ends of the fixing rod 24 are fixedly connected to the left and right side walls of the cavity of the protective plate 14, respectively. A drive motor 25 is fixedly installed on the rear side wall of the protective plate 14, and a fan 26 is fixedly installed at the output end of the drive motor 25.

[0052] A first through hole 28 is also provided on the right side wall of the protective plate 14. The translation plate 21 is located in both the first through hole 28 and the cavity of the second fixing box 17. A limiting block 38 is fixedly installed on the rear left side wall of the cavity of the translation plate 21. The limiting block 38 corresponds to the position of the hollow part on the left side of the guide plate 19. A threaded rod 39 is rotatably installed on the right side wall of the translation plate 21. A third through hole 34 is also provided on the right side wall of the second fixing box 17. The threaded rod 39 passes through the third through hole 34 and is threadedly connected to the third through hole 34.

[0053] In practical use, the fixing rod 24 can limit the drive motor 25. When the output end of the drive motor 25 rotates, it can drive the fan 26 to rotate. The rotation of the fan 26 can draw air from the front of the encoder body 10 into the cavity of the guide plate 19 and the arc plate 33, allowing the air to pass through the side wall of the encoder body 10. When it rains, rainwater can also be drawn into the cavity of the guide plate 19. The flow of air and rainwater carries away the heat on the side wall of the encoder body 10, thereby achieving a heat dissipation effect. The flow of rainwater cleans the side wall of the encoder body 10, thereby achieving a cleaning effect. The flowing air and rainwater will be discharged through the first fixing box 15 and the exhaust port 16, thereby achieving a drainage effect. When the operator rotates the threaded rod 39, it can... The threaded rod 39 moves through its threaded connection with the third through hole 34. The movement of the threaded rod 39 can drive the translation plate 21 to move. The translation plate 21 cannot rotate due to the limitation of the first through hole 28. The movement of the translation plate 21 can drive the limit block 38 to move. The movement of the limit block 38 can fit against the front side wall of the encoder body 10 and block the hollow part on the right side of the guide plate 19. The movement of the translation plate 21 can also fit against the front side wall of the encoder body 10, so that a cavity is formed between the translation plate 21 and the encoder body 10. The cavity is connected to the cavity between the guide plate 19 and the encoder body 10. Air and rainwater can flow into the cavity of the guide plate 19 through the front side wall of the translation plate 21. The translation plate 21 can also further limit the encoder body 10.

[0054] In summary, by setting up a fixed rod 24, a drive motor 25, a fan 26, a guide plate 19, an arc plate 33, a first fixed box 15, an exhaust port 16, a threaded rod 39, a translation plate 21, a first through hole 28, a limit block 38, and an encoder body 10, the rotation of the fan 26 can drive the flow of air and rainwater, thereby achieving the effects of heat dissipation, dust prevention, and waterproofing for the encoder body 10. The translation plate 21 assists in the introduction of air and rainwater and further limits the encoder body 10. It is convenient to use and has a simple structure.

[0055] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a photoelectric encoder includes:

[0056] In any of the dustproof and waterproof structures and encoder bodies 10 described above, a fixing sleeve 11 is fixedly installed on the left side wall of the encoder body 10, a variable diameter connector 12 is fixedly installed on the left side wall of the fixing sleeve 11, and a locking ring 13 is fixedly installed on the left side wall of the variable diameter connector 12. The fixing sleeve 11, the variable diameter connector 12 and the locking ring 13 correspond to the first slide groove 40 and the second slide groove 41 on the left side of the protective plate 14 and the guide plate 19. The encoder body 10 can be located between multiple clamping plates 18. The inner side wall of the guide plate 19 and the two sets of arc plates 33 are all in contact with the left and right side walls of the encoder body 10.

[0057] In practical use, the encoder body 10 is limited by being snapped between multiple clamping plates 18, and the encoder body 10 is moved by the first slide groove 40 and the second slide groove 41 on the left side of the protective plate 14 and the guide plate 19, which plays a guiding role for the encoder body 10.

[0058] In summary, by setting up the encoder body 10, protective plate 14, guide plate 19, first slide groove 40 and second slide groove 41, the encoder body 10 can be inserted between multiple clamping plates 18, which is convenient to use and has a simple structure.

[0059] It is understood that this utility model has been described through some embodiments, and those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this utility model. Furthermore, under the teachings of this utility model, these features and embodiments can be modified to adapt to specific situations and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of this utility model. Therefore, this utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A dustproof and waterproof structure, characterized in that, include: A protective plate (14) is provided. A first fixing box (15) is fixedly installed on the rear side wall of the protective plate (14). A second fixing box (17) is fixedly installed on the right side wall of the protective plate (14). The front side wall of the protective plate (14) is hollow. A first sliding groove (40) is provided in the middle of the left side wall of the protective plate (14). The bottom wall of the first fixing box (15) is hollow and has an exhaust port (16). The limiting device includes multiple clamping plates (18), each clamping plate (18) is arc-shaped, and each clamping plate (18) has a slot (42) on its arc-shaped inner wall. The multiple clamping plates (18) are located in the cavity of the protective plate (14). A rotating handle (20) is provided on the right side of the two front clamping plates (18). The two rotating handles (20) are located in the cavity of the second fixed box (17). A translation rod (22) is provided on the right side of the two rotating handles (20). The airflow device includes a guide plate (19), the front side wall and the upper and lower side walls of the guide plate (19) are hollowed out, a fan (26) is provided at the rear side of the guide plate (19), and a translation plate (21) is provided in the cavity of the second fixed box (17), the front side wall, the rear side wall and the left side wall of the translation plate (21) are hollowed out.

2. The dustproof and waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The left and right sides of the two rear clamps (18) are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the cavity of the protective plate (14). A connecting block (30) is fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the two front clamps (18). A second through hole (29) is opened on the left and right sides of the protective plate (14) at the position corresponding to the connecting block (30). Multiple connecting blocks (30) pass through the corresponding second through hole (29). An anti-detachment block (31) is fixedly installed on the left side of the two left connecting blocks (30). The anti-detachment block (31) is located on the left side of the protective plate (14).

3. The dustproof and waterproof structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The two connecting blocks (30) on the right side are fixedly connected to one end of the two rotating handles (20). The left and right walls of the other end of the rotating handles (20) are hollow. Two limiting blocks (38) are fixedly installed on the right wall of the translation rod (22). The two limiting blocks (38) are movably installed in the cavities of the two rotating handles (20). Two springs (36) are fixedly installed on the left wall of the translation rod (22). The other ends of the two springs (36) are fixedly connected to the right wall of the protective plate (14).

4. The dustproof and waterproof structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, A fourth through hole (35) is provided on the right side wall of the second fixing box (17). A pull rod (37) is fixedly installed on the right side wall of the translation rod (22). The pull rod (37) passes through the fourth through hole (35). The end of the pull rod (37) away from the translation rod (22) is T-shaped. The T-shaped end of the pull rod (37) is located on the right side of the second fixing box (17).

5. The dustproof and waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The left and right side walls of the guide plate (19) are fixedly connected to the left and right side walls of the cavity of the protective plate (14). A second sliding groove (41) is provided in the middle of the left side wall of the guide plate (19). The left and right side walls and the rear side wall of the cavity of the guide plate (19) are also hollowed out.

6. The dustproof and waterproof structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, An arc-shaped plate (33) is fixedly installed on the upper and lower side walls of the two guide plates (19). The side walls of the two sets of arc-shaped plates (33) on the left and right sides that are close to each other are hollowed out. A fixing rod (24) is provided at the rear side of the guide plate (19). The left and right ends of the fixing rod (24) are fixedly connected to the left and right side walls of the cavity of the protective plate (14). A drive motor (25) is fixedly installed on the rear side wall of the protective plate (14). A fan (26) is fixedly installed at the output end of the drive motor (25).

7. The dustproof and waterproof structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, A first through hole (28) is also provided on the right side wall of the protective plate (14). The translation plate (21) is located in both the first through hole (28) and the cavity of the second fixed box (17). A limiting block (38) is fixedly installed on the rear left side wall of the cavity of the translation plate (21). The limiting block (38) corresponds to the position of the hollow on the left side of the guide plate (19). A threaded rod (39) is rotatably installed on the right side wall of the translation plate (21). A third through hole (34) is also provided on the right side wall of the second fixed box (17). The threaded rod (39) passes through the third through hole (34) and is threadedly connected to the third through hole (34).

8. A photoelectric encoder, characterized in that, include: The dustproof and waterproof structure and encoder body (10) described in any one of claims 1-7 above, wherein a fixing sleeve (11) is fixedly installed on the left side wall of the encoder body (10), a variable diameter connector (12) is fixedly installed on the left side wall of the fixing sleeve (11), and a locking ring (13) is fixedly installed on the left side wall of the variable diameter connector (12). The fixing sleeve (11), the variable diameter connector (12) and the locking ring (13) correspond to the first slide groove (40) and the second slide groove (41) on the left side of the protective plate (14) and the guide plate (19). The encoder body (10) can be located between multiple clamping plates (18). The inner side wall of the guide plate (19) and the two sets of arc plates (33) are all in contact with the left and right side walls of the encoder body (10).

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