Real-time detection device for fullness degree of backfill grouting slurry

Abstract

The utility model discloses a real-time backfill grouting slurry fullness detection device based on a piezoelectric effect, and relates to the technical field of shield tunnel construction quality detection. The device comprises a piezoelectric sensor, a wire and a voltmeter, the piezoelectric sensor is directly installed on the back face of the duct piece through the L-shaped fixing frame, the sensing direction of the piezoelectric sensor is perpendicular to the grout injection pressure, and the grout fullness degree is judged in real time by monitoring the nonlinear change of the voltage value. The piezoelectric sensor adopts a polarized piezoelectric ceramic piece, the surface of the piezoelectric sensor is covered with an insulating layer, and the piezoelectric sensor adopts a shielding type RV single-strand flexible wire and is wrapped with waterproof glue. According to the utility model, through a unique non-linear voltage change judgment method, the problem of lack of real-time monitoring means in the prior art is solved, the device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, strong adaptability and the like, and the accuracy and reliability of grouting construction are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of grouting quality detection in shield tunnels, specifically to a real-time detection device for the full cross-section grout filling degree behind the tunnel wall based on the piezoelectric effect. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, my country's urban public transportation and water conservancy and power facilities construction has developed rapidly. The construction of urban underground tunnels such as subways, water conservancy tunnels, and power tunnels has been increasing. Shield tunnels are widely used in urban underground tunnel construction due to their advantages such as small environmental impact, good adaptability to strata, high degree of mechanization, and fast construction speed. Various types of soil shield tunneling machines and rock TBM tunneling machines are widely used in urban underground tunnel construction.

[0003] In shield tunnel construction, backfill grouting is a crucial step in filling the shield tail gap (114) and fixing the position of the segments (105). Currently, commonly used grouting technologies are divided into two types: synchronous grouting and secondary grouting. However, the lack of control and detection methods for this special fluid during the grouting process means that the grouting process is mostly carried out under the guidance of experience and incomplete monitoring methods, with the main focus on checking the construction quality after the construction is completed. This approach, due to the lack of process control, amplifies the randomness of underground engineering, increases the construction period and cost, and is not conducive to safety and quality management during the construction process. Existing grouting quality detection technologies mostly rely on manual sampling or indirect calculation after construction, lacking real-time and direct detection methods, making it difficult to dynamically control the grouting quality and easily causing problems such as segment displacement and uneven grout distribution. Traditional methods have the following defects: 1. Insufficient real-time performance: It is impossible to provide real-time feedback on the grout filling degree during the grouting process, such as relying solely on later drilling detection; 2. Low accuracy: Manual detection has high errors and is affected by subjective factors; 3. Poor adaptability: Equipment is prone to failure in complex strata or high humidity environments, such as the inability of sensors to be waterproof. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a simple detection device that can provide real-time feedback on the grout filling degree in order to improve the accuracy and reliability of grouting construction. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a real-time detection device for the filling degree of grout behind the wall based on the piezoelectric effect. By using the dynamic response of the piezoelectric sensor (101) to the grout pressure and combining it with the nonlinear voltage change judgment method, the device can realize the real-time detection of the filling degree of the grout, thereby optimizing the grouting construction process.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a real-time detection device for the filling degree of grouting behind the wall, comprising a piezoelectric sensor (101), a wire (103), and a voltmeter (104); the piezoelectric sensor (101) comprises a polarized piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) and an L-shaped fixed frame (102); the polarization direction and sensing direction of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) of the piezoelectric sensor (101) are parallel to the grout pressure direction; the piezoelectric sensor (101) is connected to the voltmeter (104) through the wire (103), and the filling degree of grout is determined in real time by the nonlinear change of the voltage value, and the grout is determined to be full when the voltage reaches the jump threshold point (115).

[0006] As an optimization, the positive polarization surface of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) is covered with a polymer insulating layer (107), and the four non-polarized sides are attached to the inner side of the L-shaped fixing frame (102). The negative polarization surface and the lower side of the L-shaped fixing frame (102) are fixed to the back of the tube segment (105) with epoxy resin adhesive (109), thereby achieving the fixation and waterproof protection of the piezoelectric sensor (101) and avoiding the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) from being affected by lateral pressure on the detection results. The voltage jump threshold point (115) is obtained by on-site pressure grouting test. The voltage value when the grout pressure reaches the design grout pressure is the voltage jump threshold point (115).

[0007] As an optimization, the conductor (103) is a shielded RV single-strand flexible conductor. The connection between the conductor (103) and the piezoelectric sensor (101) is soldered (110) and wrapped with waterproof insulating tape (108) to ensure stable signal transmission and waterproof performance.

[0008] As an optimization, the voltmeter (104) is a high-precision digital voltmeter with a range of 0-10V, a resolution of not less than 0.01V, and a sampling frequency of 100Hz, ensuring real-time detection and timely response.

[0009] As an optimization, the piezoelectric sensor (101) is distributed in four quadrants on the back of the tube segment (105) to form a full-section detection array (111), with four sensor units (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d) installed per square meter, and the wires (103) are connected to the signal processor (118) to achieve accurate detection in complex geological environments.

[0010] As an optimization, the piezoelectric sensor (101) is externally encapsulated with a waterproof sealing layer (112), and the wire (103) is connected to the filter module (113). The filter module (113) includes a low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 1kHz to avoid interference from the complex electromagnetic environment on the detection accuracy.

[0011] A method for using a real-time detection device for the filling degree of grout behind the wall includes the following steps:

[0012] S1: Piezoelectric sensor installation:

[0013] A polymer insulating layer (107) is covered on the surface of the piezoelectric sensor (101) to prevent leakage and corrosion. It is fixed to the back of the tube segment (105) at a preset position by epoxy resin glue (109) through an L-shaped fixing frame (102) so that the sensing surface faces the slurry injection direction.

[0014] S2: Wire connection:

[0015] A shielded RV single-strand flexible wire (103) is used to connect the piezoelectric sensor (101) and the voltmeter (104). The connection is reinforced by soldering (110) and wrapped with waterproof tape (108) to ensure stable signal transmission.

[0016] S3: Voltage monitoring:

[0017] A high-precision voltmeter (104) is used to display the voltage value in real time. When the slurry is full, the pressure increases suddenly, causing the voltage value to rise nonlinearly, and the fullness is determined to be 100%.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages:

[0019] The real-time detection device for grout filling degree of wall-mounted grouting provided by this utility model adopts simple components such as a piezoelectric sensor (101), a wire (103), and a voltmeter (104). It determines the grout filling degree in real time by monitoring the nonlinear change of the voltage value. Through direct pressure detection by the piezoelectric sensor (101), real-time feedback of the grouting process is achieved, solving the problem of the lack of real-time monitoring methods in the prior art. It has advantages such as simple structure, low cost, and strong adaptability, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of grouting construction. It has the following advantages:

[0020] 1. Real-time performance: Dynamically monitors changes in slurry pressure with a response time of ≤1 second, while traditional methods require more than 5 minutes;

[0021] 2. High precision: Voltage resolution reaches 0.01V, with small error, which is better than the error range of manual detection;

[0022] 3. Strong adaptability: The waterproof sealing layer (112) and filter module (113) are designed to be suitable for complex construction environments and have a low failure rate;

[0023] 4. Low cost: Simple structure, low raw material and manufacturing costs. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this invention. Furthermore, the same parts use the same names throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric sensor structure.

[0026] Figure 2 Top view of the sensor mounting location.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the voltmeter connection.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the pressure-voltage response of the slurry.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a layout diagram of a multi-sensor array.

[0030] Figure 6 Design drawings for waterproofing and interference resistance.

[0031] In the diagram: 101. Piezoelectric sensor; 102. L-shaped fixing frame; 103. Wire; 104. Voltmeter; 105. Tube segment; 106. Piezoelectric ceramic sheet; 107. Polymer insulating layer; 108. Waterproof tape; 109. Epoxy resin adhesive; 110. Soldering; 111. Full-section detection array; 112. Waterproof sealing layer; 113. Filter module; 114. Grouting hole; 115. Threshold jump point; 116. Electromagnetic interference; 117. Waterproof box; 118. Signal processor Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1: Please refer to the appendix. Figure 1 ~Attached Figure 4 Standard installation mode:

[0034] This embodiment provides a real-time detection device for the filling degree of grout in wall-mounted injection, comprising: a piezoelectric sensor (101), a wire (103), and a voltmeter (104); the piezoelectric sensor (101) includes a polarized piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) and an L-shaped fixed frame (102); the polarization direction and sensing direction of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) of the piezoelectric sensor (101) are parallel to the grout pressure direction; the piezoelectric sensor (101) is connected to the voltmeter (104) through the wire (103), and the filling degree of grout is determined in real time by the nonlinear change of the voltage value, and the grout is determined to be full when the voltage reaches the jump threshold point (115).

[0035] In this embodiment, the positive polarization surface of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) is covered with a polymer insulating layer (107), the four non-polarized sides are attached to the inner side of the L-shaped fixed frame (102), and the negative polarization surface and the lower side of the L-shaped fixed frame (102) are fixed to the back of the tube segment (105) by epoxy resin adhesive (109); the voltage jump threshold point (115) is obtained by on-site pressure grouting test, and the voltage value when the grout pressure reaches the design grout pressure is the voltage jump threshold point (115).

[0036] In this embodiment, the wire (103) is a shielded RV single-strand flexible wire. The connection between the wire (103) and the piezoelectric sensor (101) is soldered (110) and wrapped with waterproof insulating tape (108).

[0037] The voltmeter (104) described in this embodiment is a high-precision digital voltmeter with a range of 0-10V, a resolution of not less than 0.01V, and a sampling frequency of 100Hz.

[0038] In this embodiment, specifically, the piezoelectric sensor (101) is fixed to the four quadrant positions on the back of the tube segment (105) using epoxy resin adhesive (109) via an L-shaped fixing frame (102) (right-angled side length 5mm). Figure 2 ); Red and blue wires (103) (0.75mm) 2 The grouting hole (114) is connected to the voltmeter (104), and the weld (110) is wrapped with waterproof tape (108). Figure 3 During grouting, voltage changes are monitored. When the voltage value abruptly changes from a linear increase to a non-linear jump (e.g., 0.5V → 3.2V, corresponding to a pressure of 100kPa), it is determined that the grout is full (e.g., ...). Figure 4 ).

[0039] Example 2: Please refer to the appendix. Figure 1 ~Attached Figure 4 This embodiment is a further explanation of Embodiment 1, featuring a miniaturized design:

[0040] This embodiment provides a real-time detection device for the filling degree of grout in wall-mounted injection, comprising: a piezoelectric sensor (101), a wire (103), and a voltmeter (104); the piezoelectric sensor (101) includes a polarized piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) and an L-shaped fixed frame (102); the polarization direction and sensing direction of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) of the piezoelectric sensor (101) are parallel to the grout pressure direction; the piezoelectric sensor (101) is connected to the voltmeter (104) through the wire (103), and the filling degree of grout is determined in real time by the nonlinear change of the voltage value, and the grout is determined to be full when the voltage reaches the jump threshold point (115).

[0041] In this embodiment, the positive polarization surface of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) is covered with a polymer insulating layer (107), the four non-polarized sides are attached to the inner side of the L-shaped fixed frame (102), and the negative polarization surface and the lower side of the L-shaped fixed frame (102) are fixed to the back of the tube segment (105) by epoxy resin adhesive (109); the voltage jump threshold point (115) is obtained by on-site pressure grouting test, and the voltage value when the grout pressure reaches the design grout pressure is the voltage jump threshold point (115).

[0042] In this embodiment, the wire (103) is a shielded RV single-strand flexible wire. The connection between the wire (103) and the piezoelectric sensor (101) is soldered (110) and wrapped with waterproof insulating tape (108).

[0043] The voltmeter (104) described in this embodiment is a high-precision digital voltmeter with a range of 0-10V, a resolution of not less than 0.01V, and a sampling frequency of 100Hz.

[0044] In this embodiment, specifically, a small piezoelectric sensor (101) (15mm×8mm×3mm, sensitivity 1.0mV / kPa) is used, which is fixed to the back of the tube segment (105) by an L-shaped fixing frame (102) (right-angle side length 3mm); a wire (103) (specification 0.50mm) is used. 2 Connect to a voltmeter (104), and wrap the weld (110) with waterproof tape (108); monitor the voltage change during grouting, and determine that the grout is full when the voltage value jumps above the set threshold (e.g., 0.3V→2.5V, corresponding to a pressure of 80kPa).

[0045] Example 3: Please refer to the appendix. Figure 1 ~Attached Figure 4 This embodiment is a further explanation of Embodiment 1, and is applicable to the design of large tunnels:

[0046] This embodiment provides a real-time detection device for the filling degree of grout in wall-mounted injection, comprising: a piezoelectric sensor (101), a wire (103), and a voltmeter (104); the piezoelectric sensor (101) includes a polarized piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) and an L-shaped fixed frame (102); the polarization direction and sensing direction of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) of the piezoelectric sensor (101) are parallel to the grout pressure direction; the piezoelectric sensor (101) is connected to the voltmeter (104) through the wire (103), and the filling degree of grout is determined in real time by the nonlinear change of the voltage value, and the grout is determined to be full when the voltage reaches the jump threshold point (115).

[0047] In this embodiment, the positive polarization surface of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) is covered with a polymer insulating layer (107), the four non-polarized sides are attached to the inner side of the L-shaped fixed frame (102), and the negative polarization surface and the lower side of the L-shaped fixed frame (102) are fixed to the back of the tube segment (105) by epoxy resin adhesive (109); the voltage jump threshold point (115) is obtained by on-site pressure grouting test, and the voltage value when the grout pressure reaches the design grout pressure is the voltage jump threshold point (115).

[0048] In this embodiment, the wire (103) is a shielded RV single-strand flexible wire. The connection between the wire (103) and the piezoelectric sensor (101) is soldered (110) and wrapped with waterproof insulating tape (108).

[0049] The voltmeter (104) described in this embodiment is a high-precision digital voltmeter with a range of 0-10V, a resolution of not less than 0.01V, and a sampling frequency of 100Hz.

[0050] In this embodiment, specifically, a large piezoelectric sensor (101) (30mm×15mm×8mm, sensitivity 1.0mV / kPa) is used, which is fixed to the back of the tube segment (105) by an L-shaped fixing frame (102) (right-angle side length 8mm); a wire (103) (specification 1.0mm) is used. 2 Connect to a voltmeter (104), and wrap the weld (110) with waterproof tape (108); monitor the voltage change during grouting, and determine that the grout is full when the voltage value jumps above the set threshold (e.g., 0.8V→4.0V, corresponding to a pressure of 120kPa).

[0051] Example 4: Please refer to the appendix. Figure 1 ~Attached Figure 5 This embodiment is a further explanation of Embodiment 1, describing the multi-sensor array layout.

[0052] This embodiment provides a real-time detection device for the filling degree of grout in wall-mounted injection, comprising: a piezoelectric sensor (101), a wire (103), and a voltmeter (104); the piezoelectric sensor (101) includes a polarized piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) and an L-shaped fixed frame (102); the polarization direction and sensing direction of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) of the piezoelectric sensor (101) are parallel to the grout pressure direction; the piezoelectric sensor (101) is connected to the voltmeter (104) through the wire (103), and the filling degree of grout is determined in real time by the nonlinear change of the voltage value, and the grout is determined to be full when the voltage reaches the jump threshold point (115).

[0053] In this embodiment, the positive polarization surface of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) is covered with a polymer insulating layer (107), the four non-polarized sides are attached to the inner side of the L-shaped fixed frame (102), and the negative polarization surface and the lower side of the L-shaped fixed frame (102) are fixed to the back of the tube segment (105) by epoxy resin adhesive (109); the voltage jump threshold point (115) is obtained by on-site pressure grouting test, and the voltage value when the grout pressure reaches the design grout pressure is the voltage jump threshold point (115).

[0054] In this embodiment, the wire (103) is a shielded RV single-strand flexible wire. The connection between the wire (103) and the piezoelectric sensor (101) is soldered (110) and wrapped with waterproof insulating tape (108).

[0055] The voltmeter (104) described in this embodiment is a high-precision digital voltmeter with a range of 0-10V, a resolution of not less than 0.01V, and a sampling frequency of 100Hz.

[0056] In this embodiment, the piezoelectric sensor (101) is distributed in four quadrants on the back of the tube segment (105) to form a full-section detection array (111), with four sensor units (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d) installed per square meter.

[0057] In this embodiment, specifically, four sensors (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d) are installed per square meter on the back of the pipe segment (105) to form a detection grid (111) (as shown in the figure). Figure 5 The wires (103) are fed to the signal processor (118) to analyze the voltage changes in each area in real time and generate a heat map (e.g., Figure 5 When the voltage in a certain area jumps, the system automatically marks that area as "fully charged" (green) and the area that is not fully charged as red.

[0058] Example 5: Please refer to the appendix. Figure 1 ~Attached Figure 4 and attached Figure 6This embodiment is a further explanation of Embodiment 1, featuring a waterproof design.

[0059] This embodiment provides a real-time detection device for the filling degree of grout in wall-mounted injection, comprising: a piezoelectric sensor (101), a wire (103), and a voltmeter (104); the piezoelectric sensor (101) includes a polarized piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) and an L-shaped fixed frame (102); the polarization direction and sensing direction of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) of the piezoelectric sensor (101) are parallel to the grout pressure direction; the piezoelectric sensor (101) is connected to the voltmeter (104) through the wire (103), and the filling degree of grout is determined in real time by the nonlinear change of the voltage value, and the grout is determined to be full when the voltage reaches the jump threshold point (115).

[0060] In this embodiment, the positive polarization surface of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) is covered with a polymer insulating layer (107), the four non-polarized sides are attached to the inner side of the L-shaped fixed frame (102), and the negative polarization surface and the lower side of the L-shaped fixed frame (102) are fixed to the back of the tube segment (105) by epoxy resin adhesive (109); the voltage jump threshold point (115) is obtained by on-site pressure grouting test, and the voltage value when the grout pressure reaches the design grout pressure is the voltage jump threshold point (115).

[0061] In this embodiment, the wire (103) is a shielded RV single-strand flexible wire. The connection between the wire (103) and the piezoelectric sensor (101) is soldered (110) and wrapped with waterproof insulating tape (108).

[0062] The voltmeter (104) described in this embodiment is a high-precision digital voltmeter with a range of 0-10V, a resolution of not less than 0.01V, and a sampling frequency of 100Hz.

[0063] In this embodiment, specifically, the surface of the piezoelectric sensor (101) is coated with a waterproof sealing layer (112) (thickness 0.5mm), and the wire (103) adopts a double-layer shielding structure (108); during construction in water-rich strata, the sensor (101) is completely encapsulated in a waterproof box (117) (material ABS plastic), with only the sensing surface exposed (e.g., Figure 6 During grouting, voltage changes are monitored to ensure signal stability in high humidity environments, with errors controlled within ±3%.

[0064] Example 6: Please refer to the appendix. Figure 1 ~Attached Figure 4 and attached Figure 6 This embodiment is a further explanation of Embodiment 1, including anti-interference design.

[0065] This embodiment provides a real-time detection device for the filling degree of grout in wall-mounted injection, comprising: a piezoelectric sensor (101), a wire (103), and a voltmeter (104); the piezoelectric sensor (101) includes a polarized piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) and an L-shaped fixed frame (102); the polarization direction and sensing direction of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) of the piezoelectric sensor (101) are parallel to the grout pressure direction; the piezoelectric sensor (101) is connected to the voltmeter (104) through the wire (103), and the filling degree of grout is determined in real time by the nonlinear change of the voltage value, and the grout is determined to be full when the voltage reaches the jump threshold point (115).

[0066] In this embodiment, the positive polarization surface of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) is covered with a polymer insulating layer (107), the four non-polarized sides are attached to the inner side of the L-shaped fixed frame (102), and the negative polarization surface and the lower side of the L-shaped fixed frame (102) are fixed to the back of the tube segment (105) by epoxy resin adhesive (109); the voltage jump threshold point (115) is obtained by on-site pressure grouting test, and the voltage value when the grout pressure reaches the design grout pressure is the voltage jump threshold point (115).

[0067] In this embodiment, the wire (103) is a shielded RV single-strand flexible wire. The connection between the wire (103) and the piezoelectric sensor (101) is soldered (110) and wrapped with waterproof insulating tape (108).

[0068] The voltmeter (104) described in this embodiment is a high-precision digital voltmeter with a range of 0-10V, a resolution of not less than 0.01V, and a sampling frequency of 100Hz.

[0069] In this embodiment, the piezoelectric sensor (101) is externally encapsulated with a waterproof sealing layer (112), and the wire (103) is connected to the filter module (113). The filter module (113) includes a low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 1kHz.

[0070] In this embodiment, specifically, the piezoelectric sensor (101) is fixed to the back of the segment (105) by an L-shaped fixed frame (102), and the wire (103) is connected to the filter module (113) (cutoff frequency 1kHz); the filter module (113) eliminates electromagnetic interference (116) to ensure accurate transmission of voltage signal and improves the signal-to-noise ratio to 60dB; during grouting, the voltage change is monitored, and when the voltage value jumps above the set threshold, it is determined that the grout is full.

[0071] The effects of the above six embodiments are compared and summarized, resulting in the following technical effect comparison table:

[0072]

[0073] The piezoelectric sensors used in this embodiment all have a sensitivity of 1mV / kPa. However, since the voltage changes non-linearly with pressure, in actual implementation, the slurry filling degree, pressure, and voltage basically satisfy the relationship in the table below:

[0074] Pressure (kPa) Voltage (V) Slurry filling degree (%) 10 0.5 20 50 1.0～1.2 80 100 3.2～3.9 100

[0075] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0076] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A real-time detection device for the filling degree of grout behind the wall, characterized in that: include: A piezoelectric sensor (101), a wire (103), and a voltmeter (104); The piezoelectric sensor (101) includes a polarized piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) and an L-shaped fixed frame (102); The polarization direction and sensing direction of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) of the piezoelectric sensor (101) are parallel to the slurry pressure direction; The piezoelectric sensor (101) is connected to the voltmeter (104) via a wire (103). The slurry filling degree is determined in real time by the nonlinear change of the voltage value. When the voltage reaches the jump threshold point (115), it is determined that the slurry is full.

2. The real-time detection device for the filling degree of grout behind the wall as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The positive polarization surface of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (106) is covered with a polymer insulating layer (107), the four non-polarized sides are attached to the inner side of the L-shaped fixing frame (102), and the negative polarization surface and the lower side of the L-shaped fixing frame (102) are fixed to the back of the tube sheet (105) by epoxy resin adhesive (109). The voltage jump threshold (115) is obtained from the field pressure grouting test. The voltage value when the grout pressure reaches the design grout pressure is the voltage jump threshold (115).

3. The real-time detection device for the filling degree of grout behind the wall as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The conductor (103) is a shielded RV single-strand flexible conductor. The connection between the conductor (103) and the piezoelectric sensor (101) is soldered (110) and wrapped with waterproof insulating tape (108).

4. The real-time detection device for the filling degree of grout behind the wall as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The voltmeter (104) is a high-precision digital voltmeter with a range of 0-10V, a resolution of not less than 0.01V, and a sampling frequency of 100Hz.

5. The real-time detection device for the filling degree of grout behind the wall as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The piezoelectric sensors (101) are distributed in four quadrants on the back of the tube segment (105) to form a full-section detection array (111), with four sensor units installed per square meter, and the wires (103) are connected to the signal processor (118).

6. The real-time detection device for the filling degree of grout behind the wall as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The piezoelectric sensor (101) is externally encapsulated with a waterproof sealing layer (112), and the wire (103) is connected to the filter module (113). The filter module (113) includes a low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 1kHz.

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