Tearing cutter, cutter head and heading machine

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of tunneling equipment with drilling or cutting tools, and particularly provides a tearing cutter, a cutter head and a tunneling machine. The tearing knife comprises a knife body, at least two knife heads are installed on the knife body, the knife heads are sequentially arranged in the thickness direction of the tearing knife, the faces, adjacent to each other, of every two adjacent knife heads make contact, and the knife heights of the knife heads are sequentially increased from one end to the other end according to the arrangement sequence of the knife heads. The cutter head comprises the tearing cutter. The heading machine comprises the cutter head. The tearing knife is of a structure with more than two layers, so that the strength is higher, and the tearing knife is not easy to damage. In the construction process, the rock breaking cutter head with the higher cutter height firstly destroys a tunnel face soil layer, then the cutter head with the lower cutter height can conduct secondary or even multiple times of ploughing on rock soil, a more loose soil scattering structure is formed, then the problem that a hob and a scraper are damaged due to large rock blocks is solved, and the protection effect of the tearing cutter is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of tunneling equipment with drilling or cutting tools, and in particular relates to a tearing cutter, cutterhead and tunneling machine. Background Technology

[0002] The cutterhead refers to the steel structure and cutting tool assembly located at the front end of a full-face tunnel boring machine (hereinafter referred to as the tunnel boring machine), which excavates the entire face of the ground through rotation or other motion. The cutting tools include roller cutters, scrapers, tearing cutters, center fishtail cutters, and over-excavation cutters, among which the tearing cutter, also known as the leading tearing cutter, is installed at the very front of the cutterhead (except for the center fishtail cutter). During construction, the tearing cutter can first tear and break up soft soil or rock strata, effectively preventing damage to the roller cutters and scrapers. It is commonly used in strata with low rock strength or high degree of rock weathering.

[0003] A tearing cutter consists of a cutter body with a cutter head mounted on it. During use, the cutter body can be installed in a suitable location (e.g., on a cutter holder, main / secondary beam of the cutterhead). Traditional tearing cutters have a single-layer structure with only one cutter head mounted on the cutter body. When encountering strong impact soil or rock layers, or due to improper operation by the tunneling machine operator, the stability of a single-layer tearing cutter is poor, easily leading to direct damage. Once the tearing cutter is damaged, it naturally fails to prevent damage to the rolling cutter and scraper. Furthermore, a single-layer tearing cutter is practically incapable of tearing soil and rock layers into relatively loose soil masses; large chunks of soil and rock still easily cause damage to the rolling cutter and scraper. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tearing cutter to solve the technical problem that single-layer tearing cutters in the prior art provide weak protection for the rolling cutter and scraper. Another purpose of this invention is to provide a cutterhead and a tunneling machine using the cutterhead to solve the same technical problem.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the tearing knife provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A tearing knife includes a blade body with at least two blade heads mounted on it. The blade heads are arranged sequentially along the thickness direction of the tearing knife, with the adjacent sides of two adjacent blade heads in contact. The blade height of each blade head increases sequentially from one end to the other according to the arrangement of the blade heads.

[0007] As a further improvement, the cutter body is provided with cutter head mounting positions that are the same number as the cutter heads. According to the arrangement order of the cutter heads, the cutter head mounting positions are arranged in a stepped structure, and each cutter head has the same size and is installed in its corresponding cutter head mounting position.

[0008] As a further improvement, the blade body is composed of separate blade bodies of the same number but different heights as the blade heads. The top of each separate blade body forms the blade head mounting position. According to the arrangement order of the blade heads, the tops of each separate blade body are arranged in a stepped structure.

[0009] As a further improvement, each split-body cutter includes a base and pads with the same structure. The base is used to connect with the cutter head, and the pads are stacked on the base in sequence. The cutter head is installed on the pads. The number of pads stacked in sequence varies for different split-body cutters, so as to form split-body cutters with different heights.

[0010] As a further improvement, bolts are used to connect the base and the pad, between adjacent pads, and between the pad and the cutter head.

[0011] As a further improvement, the base and the pad, the two adjacent pads, and the pad and the cutter head are all connected by a protrusion structure and a groove structure. The protrusion structure and the groove structure are provided with coaxial through holes, and the bolt passes through the through holes and is connected with a nut.

[0012] As a further improvement, at least one end of the pad block in the width direction is provided with rock-breaking teeth.

[0013] As a further improvement, the rock-breaking teeth are made of alloy.

[0014] This utility model is a pioneering invention, and its beneficial effects are as follows: In the tearing blade of this utility model, two or more blades arranged in adjacent contact can form a double-layer or even multi-layer tearing blade structure. Compared with a single-layer tearing blade, this structure obviously has higher strength and is less prone to damage. Simultaneously, the blades have different heights, forming a stepped arrangement. During construction, after the blades with higher heights initially break through the soil layer at the working face, the blades with lower heights can perform secondary or even multiple "loosening" operations on the soil and rock, forming a looser soil structure. Based on the above analysis, it is clear that compared with existing technologies, the tearing blade of this utility model provides superior protection for the rolling cutter and scraper.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution for the cutter head provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0016] A cutting disc is provided with a ripping blade, the ripping blade including a blade body and at least two cutting heads mounted on the blade body. The cutting heads are arranged sequentially along the thickness direction of the ripping blade, with the adjacent sides of two adjacent cutting heads in contact. According to the arrangement order of the cutting heads, from one end to the other, the cutting height of each cutting head increases sequentially.

[0017] As a further improvement, the cutter body is provided with cutter head mounting positions that are the same number as the cutter heads. According to the arrangement order of the cutter heads, the cutter head mounting positions are arranged in a stepped structure, and each cutter head has the same size and is installed in its corresponding cutter head mounting position.

[0018] As a further improvement, the blade body is composed of separate blade bodies of the same number but different heights as the blade heads. The top of each separate blade body forms the blade head mounting position. According to the arrangement order of the blade heads, the tops of each separate blade body are arranged in a stepped structure.

[0019] As a further improvement, each split-body cutter includes a base and pads with the same structure. The base is used to connect with the cutter head, and the pads are stacked on the base in sequence. The cutter head is installed on the pads. The number of pads stacked in sequence varies for different split-body cutters, so as to form split-body cutters with different heights.

[0020] As a further improvement, bolts are used to connect the base and the pad, between adjacent pads, and between the pad and the cutter head.

[0021] As a further improvement, the base and the pad, the two adjacent pads, and the pad and the cutter head are all connected by a protrusion structure and a groove structure. The protrusion structure and the groove structure are provided with coaxial through holes, and the bolt passes through the through holes and is connected with a nut.

[0022] As a further improvement, at least one end of the pad block in the width direction is provided with rock-breaking teeth.

[0023] As a further improvement, the rock-breaking teeth are made of alloy.

[0024] This utility model is an improved invention, and its beneficial effects are as follows: The tearing blade used in this utility model's cutter head has two or more blades arranged in adjacent contact, forming a double-layer or even multi-layer tearing blade structure. Compared with a single-layer tearing blade, this structure obviously has higher strength and is less prone to damage. Simultaneously, the blades have different heights, forming a stepped arrangement. During construction, after the blades with higher heights initially break through the soil layer at the working face, the blades with lower heights can perform secondary or even multiple "loosening" operations on the soil and rock, forming a looser soil structure. Based on the above analysis, it is clear that compared with existing technologies, the tearing blade in this utility model provides superior protection for the rolling cutter and scraper.

[0025] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution for the tunneling machine provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0026] A tunneling machine includes a cutterhead, which is equipped with a tearing cutter. The tearing cutter includes a cutter body and at least two cutter heads are mounted on the cutter body. The cutter heads are arranged sequentially along the thickness direction of the tearing cutter, and the adjacent sides of two adjacent cutter heads are in contact. According to the arrangement order of the cutter heads, from one end to the other end, the cutter height of each cutter head increases sequentially.

[0027] As a further improvement, the cutter body is provided with cutter head mounting positions that are the same number as the cutter heads. According to the arrangement order of the cutter heads, the cutter head mounting positions are arranged in a stepped structure, and each cutter head has the same size and is installed in its corresponding cutter head mounting position.

[0028] As a further improvement, the blade body is composed of separate blade bodies of the same number but different heights as the blade heads. The top of each separate blade body forms the blade head mounting position. According to the arrangement order of the blade heads, the tops of each separate blade body are arranged in a stepped structure.

[0029] As a further improvement, each split-body cutter includes a base and pads with the same structure. The base is used to connect with the cutter head, and the pads are stacked on the base in sequence. The cutter head is installed on the pads. The number of pads stacked in sequence varies for different split-body cutters, so as to form split-body cutters with different heights.

[0030] As a further improvement, bolts are used to connect the base and the pad, between adjacent pads, and between the pad and the cutter head.

[0031] As a further improvement, the base and the pad, the two adjacent pads, and the pad and the cutter head are all connected by a protrusion structure and a groove structure. The protrusion structure and the groove structure are provided with coaxial through holes, and the bolt passes through the through holes and is connected with a nut.

[0032] As a further improvement, at least one end of the pad block in the width direction is provided with rock-breaking teeth.

[0033] As a further improvement, the rock-breaking teeth are made of alloy.

[0034] This invention is an improved version, and its beneficial effects are as follows: The tearing blades used in the cutterhead of this tunneling machine feature a double-layer or even multi-layer structure formed by two or more blades arranged in adjacent contact. Compared to a single-layer tearing blade, this structure obviously has higher strength and is less prone to damage. Furthermore, the blades have different heights, forming a stepped arrangement. During construction, after the blades with higher heights initially break through the soil layer at the tunnel face, the blades with lower heights can perform secondary or even multiple "loosening" operations on the soil and rock, resulting in a looser soil structure. Based on the above analysis, compared to existing technologies, the tearing blades in this invention provide superior protection for the rolling cutter and scraper. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one perspective of an embodiment of the tearing blade in this utility model;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram from another perspective of an embodiment of the tearing blade in this utility model;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the blade head structure of an embodiment of the tearing blade in this utility model;

[0038] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the pad structure in an embodiment of the tearing blade of this utility model;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the base structure of the tearing blade embodiment of this utility model.

[0040] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0041] 1. Main beam; 2. Cutting head; 3. Pad block; 301. Rock breaking tooth; 4. Matrix. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To improve the protective effect of the tearing blade on the scraper and roller cutter, the basic technical concept of this utility model is to provide a tearing blade with two or more layers of rock-breaking blade heads arranged from high to low (or low to high) in terms of thickness. This two-layer or higher tearing blade structure firstly has higher strength and is less prone to damage, thus solving the problem of roller cutter and scraper damage caused by rapid tearing blade failure, thereby improving the protective effect of the tearing blade. Simultaneously, during construction, the higher-height rock-breaking blade head first breaks the soil layer at the working face, and then the lower-height blade head can perform secondary or even multiple "loosening" of the rock and soil, forming a looser soil structure, thus solving the problem of roller cutter and scraper damage caused by large rock fragments, further improving the protective effect of the tearing blade.

[0043] Based on the above concept, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the embodiments.

[0044] Specific embodiments of the tearing knife provided by this utility model:

[0045] The tearing blade provided in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes a cutter body and a cutter head 2, with the cutter head 2 mounted on the cutter body. The cutter head 2 is existing technology. The cutter body is used to install on the corresponding position of the cutterhead of the tunneling machine. For example, the cutter body can be welded to the main beam 1 of the cutterhead, or it can be welded to the secondary beam of the cutterhead or mounted on the cutter box. The specific installation method is existing technology and will not be described here.

[0046] As described in the background section, traditional single-layer ripping knives, i.e., those with only one blade head 2, offer poor protection for the rolling cutter and scraper. To address this issue, as a basic embodiment of the ripping knife, this embodiment features at least two blade heads 2 mounted on the blade body. The figure exemplifies a case with three blade heads 2. For example, in the case with three blade heads 2... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the blades 2 are arranged sequentially along the thickness direction of the tearing blade, with the adjacent sides of two adjacent blades 2 in contact. Following the arrangement of the blades 2, from one end to the other, the blade height of each blade 2 increases sequentially, corresponding to... Figure 1 The direction from right to left in the middle.

[0047] Compared to a single-layer tearing blade, this embodiment features a double-layer or higher structure, naturally resulting in higher strength. Simultaneously, during construction, the highest-height blade 2 first contacts the tunnel face, performing initial cutting of the rock and soil. Then, the lower-height blades 2 can perform secondary (for cases with two blades 2) or even multiple (for cases with three or more blades 2) "loosening" of the rock and soil, ultimately forming a looser soil mass. This facilitates the use of roller cutters, scrapers, etc., to break up and peel the soil, scraping it into the soil chamber.

[0048] Based on the above basic embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, such as... Figures 1-3 As shown, the blade body has a number of blade head 2 mounting positions matching the number of blade heads 2. Each blade head 2 is of the same size and is installed in its respective mounting position. Given that all blade heads 2 are of the same size, to achieve different blade heights, the blade head 2 mounting positions should be arranged in a stepped structure according to the arrangement order of the blade heads 2. Since the blade heads 2 have carbide teeth or diamond teeth, their actual price is relatively high. In this embodiment, compared to using blade heads 2 of different sizes, this solution allows for the bulk purchase of blade heads 2 of the same size and their combination with the blade body to create a ripping blade that meets the required specifications, thus reducing costs.

[0049] Based on the above preferred embodiments, the cutter body is actually a split structure, specifically composed of split cutter bodies of the same number but different heights as the cutter heads 2. The figure shows three split cutter bodies. The top of each split cutter body is used to mount the cutter head 2; that is, the top of each split cutter body constitutes the mounting position for the cutter head 2. Correspondingly, the tops of each split cutter body should also be arranged in a stepped structure. Compared to a one-piece cutter body, this split-structure cutter body allows for the separate manufacture of split cutter bodies according to actual needs, which can then be assembled to obtain the final required cutter body. It allows for more flexible combinations to create cutter bodies that meet requirements, and the split cutter bodies are easy to mass-produce, resulting in lower costs.

[0050] Even better, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, each separate cutter body includes a base 4 and a pad 3 with identical structures. The base 4 is used to connect to the cutter head (main beam 1), and the pads 3 are stacked sequentially on the base 4. The cutter head 2 is mounted on the pad 3. For the case with only one pad 3... Figure 1 The rightmost split blade body has a pad 3 directly stacked on the base 4, and the blade head 2 is directly mounted on the pad 3; for cases with two or more pads 3, i.e. Figure 1 The two separate blades on the left side of the center have stacked pads 3, with the bottom pad 3 resting on the base 4. The blade head 2 is mounted on the top pad 3. The number of pads 3 varies depending on the specific blade. Figure 1For example, the rightmost split blade has only one pad 3, the middle split blade has two pads 3, and the leftmost split blade has three pads 3. By setting different numbers of pads 3, this embodiment can combine split blades of different heights. Since the base 4 and the pads 3 are interchangeable, they can be mass-produced, further reducing costs.

[0051] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the base 4 and the pad 3, adjacent pads 3, and pad 3 and the cutter head 2 are all connected by bolts. Compared with welding, this method allows for easy disassembly and replacement of the cutter head 2 or the pad 3.

[0052] Specifically, such as Figures 3-5 As shown, the base 4 and the pad 3, adjacent pads 3, and the pad 3 and the cutter head 2 are all connected by protruding and recessed structures. The pad 3, as the middle part, has a recessed structure at one end and a protruding structure at the other end. The protruding and recessed structures have coaxial through holes, through which bolts pass and are connected to nuts (not shown in the figure). The insertion of the protruding and recessed structures forms a preliminary connection, and with the addition of bolts, a higher strength connection is formed, improving the overall strength of the ripping knife.

[0053] Of course, in other embodiments, other forms can be used between the base 4 and the pad 3, between two adjacent pads 3, and between the pad 3 and the cutter head 2 in order to install bolts. For example, a connecting plate with a thickness direction staggered is provided between the base 4 and the pad 3, and bolt holes are provided on the connecting plate for bolts to pass through.

[0054] In addition, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, both ends of the pad block 3 in the width direction are provided with rock-breaking teeth 301. In this case, during the rock-breaking process, the rock-breaking teeth 301 on the pad block 3 can also play an auxiliary role in stripping and breaking the rock and soil, further improving the soil loosening effect. In addition, in other embodiments, the rock-breaking teeth 301 can be provided only at one end of the pad block in the width direction. In use, the end with the rock-breaking teeth 301 can be arranged at the front end of the cutter head.

[0055] Preferably, the rock-breaking tooth 301 is made of alloy teeth, which are less expensive and have stronger impact resistance. However, it should be noted that in other embodiments, the rock-breaking tooth 301 may also be made of diamond teeth.

[0056] It should be noted that the figure exemplifies a case where the cutter head 2 is a heavy-duty ripping cutter head. In other embodiments, the cutter head may also be in the form of a shell-shaped ripping cutter head, a pagoda-shaped ripping cutter head, or the like.

[0057] Specific embodiments of the cutter head provided by this utility model:

[0058] The cutter head is equipped with a tearing blade, which has the same structure as the tearing blade described in the above-mentioned tearing blade embodiment, and will not be described in detail here.

[0059] Specific embodiments of the tunneling machine provided by this utility model:

[0060] The tunneling machine includes a cutterhead, on which a tearing cutter is mounted. The tearing cutter has the same structure as the tearing cutter described in the above-described tearing cutter embodiment, and will not be described in detail here.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit this utility model. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still make modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments without creative effort, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A tearing knife, characterized in that, It includes a blade body, on which at least two blades are mounted. Each blade is arranged sequentially along the thickness direction of the ripping blade, with the adjacent sides of two adjacent blades in contact. According to the arrangement of the blades, from one end to the other, the blade height of each blade increases sequentially.

2. The tearing blade according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutter body has a number of cutter head mounting positions that match the number of cutter heads. According to the arrangement order of the cutter heads, the cutter head mounting positions are arranged in a stepped structure. Each cutter head has the same size and is installed in its corresponding cutter head mounting position.

3. The tearing blade according to claim 2, characterized in that, The blade body is composed of separate blade bodies of the same number as the blade heads but different heights. The top of each separate blade body forms the blade head mounting position. According to the arrangement of the blade heads, the tops of each separate blade body are arranged in a stepped structure.

4. The tearing blade according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each split-body cutter includes a base and pads with the same structure. The base is used to connect with the cutter head, and the pads are stacked on the base in sequence. The cutter head is installed on the pads. The number of pads stacked in sequence varies for different split-body cutters to form split-body cutters with different heights.

5. The tearing blade according to claim 4, characterized in that, The base and the pad, adjacent pads, and the pad and the cutter head are all connected by bolts.

6. The tearing blade according to claim 5, characterized in that, The base and the pad, the two adjacent pads, and the pad and the cutter head are all connected by protrusion and groove structures. The protrusion and groove structures are provided with coaxial through holes, and the bolts pass through the through holes and are connected with nuts.

7. The tearing knife according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that, At least one end of the pad block in the width direction is provided with rock-breaking teeth.

8. The tearing knife according to claim 7, characterized in that, The rock-breaking teeth are made of alloy.

9. A cutter head equipped with a ripping blade, characterized in that, The tearing knife is the tearing knife as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A tunneling machine, comprising a cutterhead equipped with tearing blades, characterized in that, The tearing knife is the tearing knife as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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