Seismograph azimuth angle measuring device based on double-antenna GNSS

Abstract

The utility model discloses a seismograph azimuth angle measuring device based on a double-antenna GNSS. The device comprises a seismograph, a coupling base, a first antenna fixing rod and a second antenna fixing rod, the bottom of the seismograph is fixedly connected with the coupling base, the bottom of the coupling base is fixedly connected with three leveling screws in an equilateral triangle shape, a base level bubble is arranged on the top face of the coupling base, and the first antenna fixing rod and the second antenna fixing rod are vertically and fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of the top of the coupling base respectively. The top of the first antenna fixing rod and the top of the second antenna fixing rod are in threaded fit with a first GNSS antenna and a second GNSS antenna respectively. The first antenna fixing rod and the second antenna fixing rod are fixedly connected with the seismograph through the orientation indicating nails. According to the design, the double-antenna GNSS is used for measuring the azimuth angle to directly obtain the azimuth angle, the measurement accuracy does not depend on other factors, the calculation process is simple, and the accuracy and timeliness of azimuth angle measurement are both considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a seismograph azimuth measurement device, belonging to the field of earthquake monitoring, and particularly to a seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS. Background Technology

[0002] A seismograph is an important instrument used to record ground motion signals, and it is widely used in earthquake location, source parameter research, and underground structure detection. In order to record the complete three-dimensional spatial motion of the ground, most commonly used seismographs are three-component seismographs. Three-component seismographs detect the propagation and vibration of seismic waves, convert the ground motion into electrical digital signals and record them, and can provide seismic waveform data in three orthogonal directions (north-south, east-west, and vertical). During the installation of a three-component seismograph, the azimuth angle (the clockwise angle between the seismograph and the geographic North Pole) directly affects the accuracy of the horizontal component of the seismic waveform data. Therefore, accurately measuring the azimuth angle is an important step to ensure the correct installation of the seismograph and the quality of the measurement. However, current azimuth measurement mainly uses the method of adding a correction angle to the geomagnetic north pole. That is, the geomagnetic north pole is determined by a geological compass, and then the angle between the geographic north pole and the geomagnetic north pole is corrected. Because the geological compass is easily affected by local geomagnetic anomalies such as metal deposits and ferromagnetic objects such as iron products, the accuracy of the azimuth measurement results is low, and the measurement deviation may reach several degrees to more than ten degrees. In contrast, the azimuth measurement by teleseismic phase polarization method, near-polar star astronomical time angle method, and gyro north-finding instrument has higher accuracy, but its application scenarios are limited and its timeliness is poor. In summary, current seismograph azimuth measurement technology cannot simultaneously achieve both accuracy and timeliness.

[0003] Chinese patent application number 202010098647.8, filed on February 18, 2020, discloses an automatic azimuth identification device and method for a combined seafloor seismograph. The method uses the natural source background noise sequence recorded by the original three-component seismometers of any two combined seafloor seismographs as input data. First, it calculates the three-component Green's function between the two instruments based on a noise cross-correlation algorithm. Then, it obtains multiple initial azimuth angles by maximizing the correlation coefficients of the Green's function of the horizontal component of rotation within the range of 0° to 360° using multiple instruments. Finally, it filters these initial azimuth angles using data windows and statistical analysis results to confirm the final azimuth angle. This design iterates through the azimuth angles of the seismograph under test within the range of 0° to 360°, performs noise cross-correlation with other seismographs in the array, calculates the Green's function, and then selects the direction with the strongest correlation as the possible optimal azimuth angle solution by statistically analyzing the correlation coefficients of multiple instruments. Although this patent achieves azimuth angle identification for combined seafloor seismographs through a noise cross-correlation algorithm and Green's function calculation, it still has the following shortcomings:

[0004] This design requires multiple seismographs with known locations and azimuth angles as references. The accuracy of the measurements depends on existing small-aperture arrays, and the calculation process is complex and unstable, making it impossible to balance the accuracy and timeliness of azimuth angle measurements. This makes it difficult to apply to general seismograph deployment work.

[0005] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of this patent application and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings and problems of existing technologies, such as the need for multiple seismographs with known positions and azimuth angles as references, the dependence of measurement accuracy on existing small-aperture arrays, and the complexity and instability of the calculation process, which makes it difficult to balance the accuracy and timeliness of azimuth angle measurement and thus difficult to apply to general seismograph deployment work. This invention provides a seismograph azimuth angle measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS that directly obtains the azimuth angle using dual-antenna GNSS, whose measurement accuracy does not depend on other factors, and whose calculation process is simple, thus balancing the accuracy and timeliness of azimuth angle measurement.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is: a seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS, the seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS includes a seismograph, a coupling base, a first antenna fixing rod, and a second antenna fixing rod;

[0008] The seismograph has a first azimuth indicator hole and a second azimuth indicator hole symmetrically arranged on both sides of its lower part. The seismograph also includes two azimuth indicator nails, which are adapted to the first azimuth indicator hole and the second azimuth indicator hole.

[0009] The bottom of the coupling base has three leveling screws arranged in an equilateral triangle, and the three leveling screws are fixedly connected to the bottom of the coupling base respectively; the top surface of the coupling base is provided with a base level bubble on the outer perimeter of the seismograph.

[0010] The top of the first antenna fixing rod is provided with a first screw hole, and the first GNSS antenna is threaded onto the first screw hole; the lower part of the first antenna fixing rod is provided with a through first azimuth fixing hole at a position corresponding to the first azimuth indicator hole.

[0011] The top of the second antenna fixing rod is provided with a second screw hole, and a second GNSS antenna is threaded onto the second screw hole; a through second azimuth fixing hole is provided at the lower part of the second antenna fixing rod at the position corresponding to the second azimuth indicator hole;

[0012] The bottom of the seismograph is fixedly connected to the coupling base. The first antenna fixing rod and the second antenna fixing rod are respectively vertically fixed to the left and right sides of the top of the coupling base and are symmetrically distributed about the center line of the coupling base. One of the azimuth indicator pins passes through the first azimuth fixing hole and is fixedly connected to the first azimuth indicator hole. The other azimuth indicator pin passes through the second azimuth fixing hole and is fixedly connected to the second azimuth indicator hole. The first GNSS antenna and the second GNSS antenna are respectively connected to the receiver through connecting lines. The receiver is connected to a computer terminal.

[0013] The bottom of the seismograph is fixedly connected with three leveling nuts;

[0014] The coupling base has three through waist-shaped mounting holes, the positions of which correspond to the positions of the leveling nut, and the short side of the waist-shaped mounting hole is clearance-fitted with the diameter of the leveling nut.

[0015] The leveling nuts pass through the corresponding waist-shaped mounting holes and are threaded to the fixing screws. The bottom surface of the seismograph is in close contact with the top surface of the coupling base, and the head of the fixing screw is in close contact with the bottom surface of the coupling base.

[0016] A reinforcing crossbar is provided between the first antenna fixing rod and the second antenna fixing rod;

[0017] The reinforcing crossbar is parallel to the top surface of the coupling base, and both ends of the reinforcing crossbar are fixedly connected to the upper part of the first antenna fixing rod and the second antenna fixing rod at the same height.

[0018] The first antenna fixing rod further includes a first reinforcing component, and the second antenna fixing rod further includes a second reinforcing component;

[0019] One side of the first reinforcing component is fixedly connected to the lower side of the first antenna fixing rod, and the other side of the first reinforcing component is fixedly connected to the top of the coupling base.

[0020] One side of the second reinforcing component is fixedly connected to the lower side of the second antenna fixing rod, and the other side of the second reinforcing component is fixedly connected to the top of the coupling base.

[0021] The seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS also includes a third antenna fixing rod, which is parallel to the first antenna fixing rod and the second antenna fixing rod, and is located on the extension line of the straight line where the first antenna fixing rod and the second antenna fixing rod are located;

[0022] The top of the third antenna fixing rod is provided with a third screw hole, and a third GNSS antenna is threaded onto the third screw hole;

[0023] The third GNSS antenna is connected to the receiver via a connecting cable.

[0024] The side of the first antenna fixing rod, above the reinforcing crossbar, has an aperture, and the side of the second antenna fixing rod, above the reinforcing crossbar, has a sight.

[0025] The third antenna fixing rod has a target opening on its side above the reinforcing crossbar;

[0026] The rear sight, front sight, and target sight are on the same baseline.

[0027] A telescope is mounted on the top of the reinforcing crossbar, and the telescope is on the same baseline as the rear sight, front sight, and target sight.

[0028] A movable guide rail is installed at the top of the reinforcing crossbar, and the movable guide rail is connected to the telescope.

[0029] The third antenna fixing rod is a telescopic rod.

[0030] The bottom of the third antenna mounting rod is a pointed cone or a base.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0032] 1. This utility model discloses a seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS, comprising a seismograph, a coupling base, a first antenna fixing rod, and a second antenna fixing rod. The bottom of the seismograph is fixedly connected to the coupling base. The first antenna fixing rod and the second antenna fixing rod are respectively vertically fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the top of the coupling base. The top of the first antenna fixing rod is threaded with a first GNSS antenna, and the top of the second antenna fixing rod is threaded with a second GNSS antenna. In application, the seismograph is first placed on the coupling base and its position is adjusted until the bottom surface of the seismograph is tightly attached to the top surface of the coupling base. This tight attachment... This ensures a stable physical connection between the seismograph and the coupling base, reducing errors caused by poor contact. Next, the first and second azimuth indicator holes of the seismograph are aligned with the first and second azimuth fixing holes of the first and second antenna fixing rods, respectively. This alignment design ensures that the azimuth of the seismograph is completely consistent with the azimuth of the antenna fixing rod, providing a precise reference for subsequent measurements. Then, the seismograph is fixedly connected to the coupling base, and the seismograph is further fixed to the first and second antenna fixing rods using azimuth indicator pins. This fixed connection ensures the stability of the physical connection between the seismograph, coupling base, and antenna. The fixed rod does not undergo relative displacement during measurement, thus improving measurement stability. The entire connection process, through mechanical positioning and fixed installation, improves timeliness. Next, the level of the seismograph is adjusted by adjusting the level of the coupling base to ensure that the vertical component (Z direction) of the seismograph is correctly pointed. Finally, using the first and second GNSS antennas with threaded connections at the top of the first and second antenna fixed rods, the azimuth angle is directly calculated using the carrier phase difference measurement method. The vertical installation and equal-length design of the antenna fixed rods ensure that the baseline length between the two antennas is stable and accurate, thereby further improving the carrier phase difference measurement. The accuracy of the measurement is ensured by limiting the baseline length and attitude of the device, eliminating variables other than the azimuth angle. Only the seismograph azimuth angle needs to be solved, avoiding the accumulation of errors and mutual interference between variables that may occur in multi-variable solutions. This makes the solution process more direct and simpler. Furthermore, the dual-antenna GNSS method employs single-clock synchronous measurement and real-time carrier phase difference calculation technology. The data processing does not require complex iterations or long-term data accumulation. Compared to methods such as astronomical or phase polarization analysis, it significantly reduces dependence on observation conditions and periods, thus achieving efficient output while ensuring measurement accuracy. This method is suitable for general seismograph deployment. Therefore, this invention not only measures the azimuth angle but also ensures both accuracy and timeliness in azimuth angle measurement.

[0033] 2. In this utility model, a seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS, the coupling base has three through-holes in an oblong shape. The positions of the oblong holes correspond to the positions of the leveling nuts. The leveling nuts pass through the corresponding oblong holes and are threadedly connected to the fixing screws. In application, first, the leveling nuts are passed through the oblong holes of the coupling base to ensure that the bottom surface of the seismograph is tightly fitted to the top surface of the coupling base. Then, the leveling nuts are threadedly connected to the fixing screws until the head of the fixing screws is tightly fitted to the bottom surface of the coupling base, thereby achieving a fixed connection between the seismograph and the coupling base and ensuring that the two are on the same horizontal plane. By adjusting the levelness of the coupling base, the levelness of the seismograph can be adjusted accordingly. The threaded connection enables the seismograph and the coupling base to be fixed, facilitating quick installation and adjustment. The tight fit design between the coupling base and the seismograph ensures that the two are on the same horizontal plane, improving the stability of the measurement. The cooperative design of the leveling nuts and fixing screws makes the installation and disassembly of the device simple and quick. In addition, the coupling base has a compact size design, only needing to accommodate the seismograph, two antenna fixing rods, and the base level, making it easy to carry. Therefore, this utility model not only takes into account the accuracy and timeliness of azimuth measurement, but also has a simple and portable structure and is easy to install and disassemble.

[0034] 3. In this utility model, a seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS, the device further includes a third antenna fixing rod. The third antenna fixing rod is parallel to the first antenna fixing rod and the second antenna fixing rod, and is located on the extension line of the straight line containing the first antenna fixing rod and the second antenna fixing rod. In application, the third antenna fixing rod is a spare rod; its height is adjustable, its base is replaceable, and it is equipped with a pointed cone for embedding in the soil and a base for placement on a cement surface. This allows it to adapt to different installation environments, such as field or urban environments. By using the spare third antenna fixing rod, the baseline length can be extended, increasing measurement flexibility. The baseline length can be adjusted according to actual measurement needs and environmental conditions to improve measurement accuracy. Therefore, this utility model is not only simple and portable in structure, easy to install and disassemble, but also offers a flexible measurement process and a wide range of applications.

[0035] 4. In this utility model, a seismograph azimuth angle measuring device based on dual-antenna GNSS, the first antenna fixing rod and the second antenna fixing rod are respectively vertically fixed to the left and right sides of the top of the coupling base, and the third antenna fixing rod is parallel to the first antenna fixing rod and the second antenna fixing rod. In application, since the first antenna fixing rod and the second antenna fixing rod are directly fixed to the coupling base, and the first antenna fixing rod and the second antenna fixing rod are respectively fixed to the first azimuth indicator hole and the second azimuth indicator hole of the seismograph, and the third antenna fixing rod is parallel to the first antenna fixing rod and the second antenna fixing rod, the first antenna fixing rod, the second antenna fixing rod, and the third antenna fixing rod are all perpendicular to the coupling base. Therefore, after the coupling base is adjusted to be horizontal (i.e., the vertical component is accurately adjusted), the azimuth angle of the second GNSS antenna or the third GNSS antenna relative to the first GNSS antenna is the same as the azimuth angle of the seismograph. At this time, the azimuth angle of the seismograph can be obtained by directly measuring the azimuth angle of the dual-antenna GNSS system without considering other factors, making qualitative and quantitative verification more intuitive. It does not require complex measurement equipment, such as high-precision gyroscope north finders, thus reducing measurement costs. Therefore, this utility model not only has a wide range of applications, but also has low measurement costs. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a measurement schematic diagram of the second antenna fixing rod in this utility model.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seismograph and the coupling base in this utility model.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seismograph in this utility model.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a measurement schematic diagram of the third antenna fixing rod in this utility model.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a bottom view of the coupling base in this utility model.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a left view of the first antenna fixing rod in this utility model.

[0043] In the diagram: Seismograph 1, Receiver 11, Computer Terminal 12, Leveling Nut 13, First Azimuth Indicator Hole 151, Second Azimuth Indicator Hole 152, Azimuth Indicator Pin 153, Coupling Base 2, Waist-shaped Mounting Hole 21, Leveling Screw 22, Base Level Bulb 23, First Antenna Fixing Rod 3, First Reinforcing Component 31, First Screw 32, Rear Sight 33, First Azimuth Fixing Hole 34, Second Antenna Fixing Rod 4, Second Reinforcing Component 41, Second Screw 42, Front Sight 43, Second Azimuth Fixing Hole 44, Reinforcing Crossbar 5, Telescope 6, Movable Rail 61, First GNSS Antenna 7, Second GNSS Antenna 8, Third GNSS Antenna 9, Third Antenna Fixing Rod 10, Third Screw 101, Target Port 102. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0045] See Figure 1 — Figure 7 A seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS, comprising a seismograph 1, a coupling base 2, a first antenna fixing rod 3, and a second antenna fixing rod 4;

[0046] The seismograph 1 has a first azimuth indicator hole 151 and a second azimuth indicator hole 152 symmetrically arranged on both sides of its lower part. The seismograph 1 also includes two azimuth indicator nails 153, which are adapted to the first azimuth indicator hole 151 and the second azimuth indicator hole 152.

[0047] The bottom of the coupling base 2 has three leveling screws 22 arranged in an equilateral triangle, and the three leveling screws 22 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the coupling base 2 respectively; the top surface of the coupling base 2 is provided with a base level bubble 23 on the outer periphery of the seismograph 1.

[0048] The top of the first antenna fixing rod 3 is provided with a first screw hole 32, and the first GNSS antenna 7 is threaded onto the first screw hole 32; the lower part of the first antenna fixing rod 3 is provided with a through first azimuth fixing hole 34 at a position corresponding to the first azimuth indicator hole 151.

[0049] The top of the second antenna fixing rod 4 is provided with a second screw hole 42, and the second GNSS antenna 8 is threaded onto the second screw hole 42; the lower part of the second antenna fixing rod 4 is provided with a through second azimuth fixing hole 44 at the corresponding position of the second azimuth indicator hole 152.

[0050] The bottom of the seismograph 1 is fixedly connected to the coupling base 2. The first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4 are respectively vertically fixed to the left and right sides of the top of the coupling base 2 and are symmetrically distributed about the center line of the coupling base 2. One of the azimuth indicator pins 153 passes through the first azimuth fixing hole 34 and is fixedly connected to the first azimuth indicator hole 151. The other azimuth indicator pin 153 passes through the second azimuth fixing hole 44 and is fixedly connected to the second azimuth indicator hole 152. The first GNSS antenna 7 and the second GNSS antenna 8 are respectively connected to the receiver 11 through connecting lines. The receiver 11 is connected to the computer terminal 12.

[0051] The bottom of the seismograph 1 is fixedly connected with three leveling nuts 13;

[0052] The coupling base 2 has three through waist-shaped mounting holes 21. The position of the waist-shaped mounting holes 21 corresponds to the position of the leveling nut 13. The short side of the waist-shaped mounting hole 21 is clearance-fitted with the diameter of the leveling nut 13.

[0053] The leveling nuts 13 pass through the corresponding waist-shaped mounting holes 21 and are threadedly connected to the fixing screws. The bottom surface of the seismograph 1 is in close contact with the top surface of the coupling base 2, and the head of the fixing screw is in close contact with the bottom surface of the coupling base 2.

[0054] A reinforcing crossbar 5 is provided between the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4;

[0055] The reinforcing crossbar 5 is parallel to the top surface of the coupling base 2, and the two ends of the reinforcing crossbar 5 are fixedly connected to the upper part of the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4 at the same height.

[0056] The first antenna fixing rod 3 further includes a first reinforcing component 31, and the second antenna fixing rod 4 further includes a second reinforcing component 41;

[0057] One side of the first reinforcing component 31 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the first antenna fixing rod 3, and the other side of the first reinforcing component 31 is fixedly connected to the top of the coupling base 2.

[0058] One side of the second reinforcing component 41 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the second antenna fixing rod 4, and the other side of the second reinforcing component 41 is fixedly connected to the top of the coupling base 2.

[0059] The seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS also includes a third antenna fixing rod 10, which is parallel to the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4, and is located on the extension line of the straight line where the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4 are located.

[0060] The top of the third antenna fixing rod 10 is provided with a third screw hole 101, and a third GNSS antenna 9 is threaded onto the third screw hole 101;

[0061] The third GNSS antenna 9 is connected to the receiver 11 via a connecting cable.

[0062] The side of the first antenna fixing rod 3 is provided with a sight 33 above the reinforcing crossbar 5, and the side of the second antenna fixing rod 4 is provided with a sight 43 above the reinforcing crossbar 5.

[0063] The third antenna fixing rod 10 has a target opening 102 on its side above the reinforcing crossbar 5;

[0064] The rear sight 33, the front sight 43, and the target sight 102 are on the same baseline.

[0065] A telescope 6 is installed on the top of the reinforcing crossbar 5. The telescope 6 is on the same baseline as the sight 33, the front sight 43, and the target sight 102.

[0066] The top of the reinforcing crossbar 5 is equipped with a movable guide rail 61, which is connected to the telescope 6.

[0067] The rod portion of the third antenna fixing rod 10 is a telescopic rod.

[0068] The bottom of the third antenna fixing rod 10 is a pointed cone or a base.

[0069] The supplementary description of this utility model is as follows:

[0070] Preferably, the coupling base 2 of this invention is a hard stainless steel circular plate of equal thickness or a hard material plate without magnetism.

[0071] The reason why the coupling base 2 is preferably made of stainless steel or a non-magnetic material is that choosing stainless steel or a non-magnetic material as the material of the coupling base can effectively avoid magnetic interference, improve the reliability and stability of the equipment, and meet the requirements of use in special environments.

[0072] Preferably, the number of base level bubbles 23 on the coupling base 2 is two, and the two base level bubbles 23 are vertically distributed on the top surface of the coupling base 2.

[0073] The reason why the coupling base 2 preferably has two base leveling bubbles 23, and the two base leveling bubbles 23 are vertically distributed on the top surface of the coupling base 2, is that the orthogonal distribution design of the two leveling bubbles can efficiently and accurately calibrate the horizontal state of the coupling base 2, avoid the limitation of a single leveling bubble that can only detect tilt in a single direction, and reduce the redundancy and waste caused by the multi-leveling bubble layout. This layout, through the orthogonal measurement principle, can quickly locate the tilt deviation, ensure the comprehensiveness and reliability of the calibration, take into account the convenience and economy of operation, and provide a stable reference surface for subsequent high-precision coupling operations.

[0074] The reason why the coupling base 2 of this invention preferably has three leveling screws 22 distributed in an equilateral triangle at its bottom is as follows: the three-point distribution is based on geometric principles and can uniquely determine a plane, thereby providing stable support for the seismograph 1; the symmetrical layout of the equilateral triangle ensures that the leveling screws 22 are evenly distributed under force, effectively avoiding local stress concentration and enhancing the stability of the equipment in complex terrain or vibration environments; in addition, the three-point leveling design avoids redundant structures, simplifies the operation process, and improves calibration efficiency while meeting functional requirements; through this optimized layout, the seismograph 1 can maintain dynamic balance under various operating conditions, reduce swaying, and ensure the accuracy and reliability of measurement data.

[0075] Preferably, the diameter of the fixing screw that is threaded to the leveling nut 13 is larger than the short side of the waist-shaped mounting hole 21, so that after the fixing screw is connected to the leveling nut 13, the fixing screw can fix the bottom surface of the seismograph 1 to the top surface of the coupling base 2.

[0076] Preferably, the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4 are the same, and the height and structure of the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4 are the same.

[0077] Preferably, the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4 are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the top of the coupling base 2 by welding.

[0078] Preferably, the first azimuth fixing hole 34 and the second azimuth fixing hole 44 are located at the center of the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4, respectively, and correspond to the first azimuth indicator hole 151 and the second azimuth indicator hole 152.

[0079] Preferably, the first azimuth fixing hole 34 and the second azimuth fixing hole 44 are both oblong holes. The short sides of the first azimuth fixing hole 34 and the second azimuth fixing hole 44 are the same as the diameter of the azimuth indicator nail 153, so that the azimuth indicator nail 153 can pass through the first azimuth fixing hole 34 and the second azimuth fixing hole 44 respectively and be fixedly connected to the first azimuth indicator hole 151 and the second azimuth indicator hole 152. The long sides of the first azimuth fixing hole 34 and the second azimuth fixing hole 44 are larger than the diameter of the azimuth indicator nail 153, so as to be compatible with seismographs 1 of different models and sizes.

[0080] Preferably, the first azimuth indicator hole 151 and the second azimuth indicator hole 152 are components integrated into the seismograph 1 and are located in the north-south direction of the seismograph 1, respectively.

[0081] The preferred embodiment of this invention is that the azimuth indicator nail 153 is an azimuth indicator fixing screw. The azimuth indicator fixing screw passes through the first azimuth fixing hole 34 and the second azimuth fixing hole 44 respectively and is threadedly connected to the first azimuth indicator hole 151 and the second azimuth indicator hole 152, thereby fixing the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4 to the seismograph 1 respectively.

[0082] The reason why this invention preferably uses two GNSS antennas is that GNSS antennas are devices specifically designed to receive signals from global navigation satellite systems, and can provide accurate time and positioning information. By adopting a dual-antenna design, positioning accuracy can be significantly improved.

[0083] This invention preferably uses a dual-antenna receiver that shares a single receiver clock, meaning that the output data is calculated based on the same local clock. The two antennas are of the same type and cable length. Based on the same hardware and clock, and with the distance being very close, the consistency of observation is guaranteed.

[0084] Example 1:

[0085] See Figure 1 — Figure 7A seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS is disclosed. The device includes a seismograph 1, a coupling base 2, a first antenna fixing rod 3, and a second antenna fixing rod 4. The seismograph 1 has a first azimuth indicator hole 151 and a second azimuth indicator hole 152 symmetrically arranged on both sides of its lower part. The seismograph 1 also includes two azimuth indicator pins 153, which are adapted to the first and second azimuth indicator holes 151 and 152. The bottom of the coupling base 2 has three leveling screws 22 arranged in an equilateral triangle, which are fixedly connected to the bottom of the coupling base 2. A base level bubble 23 is arranged on the top surface of the coupling base 2, surrounding the outer edge of the seismograph 1. The top of the first antenna fixing rod 3 has a first screw hole 32, on which a first GNSS antenna 7 is threaded. The lower part of the first antenna fixing rod 3 corresponds to the first azimuth indicator hole 151. A first azimuth fixing hole 34 is provided; a second screw hole 42 is provided at the top of the second antenna fixing rod 4, and a second GNSS antenna 8 is threaded onto the second screw hole 42; a second azimuth fixing hole 44 is provided at the lower part of the second antenna fixing rod 4 at a position corresponding to the second azimuth indicator hole 152; the bottom of the seismograph 1 is fixedly connected to the coupling base 2; the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4 are respectively vertically fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the top of the coupling base 2, and are symmetrically distributed about the center line of the coupling base 2; one of the azimuth indicator pins 153 passes through the first azimuth fixing hole 34 and is fixedly connected to the first azimuth indicator hole 151; the other azimuth indicator pin 153 passes through the second azimuth fixing hole 44 and is fixedly connected to the second azimuth indicator hole 152; the first GNSS antenna 7 and the second GNSS antenna 8 are respectively connected to the receiver 11 through connecting lines, and the receiver 11 is connected to the computer terminal 12.

[0086] In application, first place the seismograph 1 on the coupling base 2 and adjust its position until the bottom surface of the seismograph 1 is tightly fitted with the top surface of the coupling base 2, and the first azimuth indicator hole 151 and the second azimuth indicator hole 152 of the seismograph 1 are aligned with the first azimuth fixing hole 34 and the second azimuth fixing hole 44, respectively. Then stop adjusting the seismograph 1 and fix it to the coupling base 2. Use the azimuth indicator nail 153 to fix the seismograph 1 to the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4, respectively, to ensure a stable connection. Next, keep the coupling base 2 level by rotating the leveling screw 22. Specifically, rotate the leveling screw 22 to make the level in the base spirit level 23 on the coupling base 2. The bubble is positioned in the center. Simultaneously, it is further confirmed that the level bubble on the top surface of seismograph 1 is also in the center, ensuring that the coupling base 2 is correctly connected to the seismograph 1 and adjusted to a horizontal state. This dual confirmation mechanism ensures the accuracy of the entire device in the vertical component, providing a more reliable foundation for subsequent measurements. After leveling, the first GNSS antenna 7 and the second GNSS antenna 8 are screwed onto the first screw hole 32 of the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second screw hole 42 of the second antenna fixing rod 4, respectively. The first GNSS antenna 7 and the second GNSS antenna 8 are connected to the receiver 11 via connecting wires, and then the receiver 11 is connected to the computer terminal 12 to ensure the entire system is connected correctly. Next, the same... The GNSS carrier waves of the satellites sequentially sweep across the first GNSS antenna 7 and the second GNSS antenna 8, generating induced currents. These induced currents are transmitted to the receiver 11, which processes them and generates data. The processed data is output as an observation file. The computer terminal 12 reads the output file from the receiver 11, retrieving the observation values ​​and satellite ephemeris information. Then, based on the observation values ​​and satellite ephemeris information, the incident angles of the electromagnetic waves from the first GNSS antenna 7 and the second GNSS antenna 8, as well as the azimuth angles between the first GNSS antenna 7, the second GNSS antenna 8, and the satellite, are calculated. Simultaneously, the antenna spacing L between the first GNSS antenna 7 and the second GNSS antenna 8 is measured. Finally, combining the above incident angle, satellite azimuth incident angle, and antenna spacing L, a corresponding equation is established for the horizontal azimuth angle α of vector AB and the carrier travel distance. Then, the equation is solved to obtain the azimuth angle of seismograph 1. The equation is: Δφ×λ=L·cosE·cos(A-α); where: baseline length L represents the distance between the first GNSS antenna 7 and the second GNSS antenna 8; baseline azimuth angle α represents the direction angle of the baseline in the ground plane; carrier incident elevation angle E represents the altitude angle of the carrier incident relative to the horizon; carrier incident azimuth angle A is directly used as the direction angle of the satellite in the ground plane; carrier phase difference Δ represents the carrier phase difference between the two antennas for the same satellite signal; signal wavelength λ.

[0087] Example 2:

[0088] The basic content is the same as in Embodiment 1, except that: three leveling nuts 13 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the seismograph 1; the coupling base 2 has three through-holes shaped mounting holes 21, the positions of the shaped mounting holes 21 correspond to the positions of the leveling nuts 13, and the short side of the shaped mounting holes 21 is clearance-fitted with the diameter of the leveling nuts 13; the leveling nuts 13 pass through the corresponding shaped mounting holes 21 and are threadedly connected to the fixing screws; the bottom surface of the seismograph 1 is tightly fitted with the top surface of the coupling base 2, and the head of the fixing screw is tightly fitted with the bottom surface of the coupling base 2.

[0089] In application, the leveling nut 13 is a component integrated with the seismograph 1 and is used in conjunction with the oblong mounting hole 21 of the coupling base 2. The short side of the oblong mounting hole 21 is clearance-fitted with the diameter of the leveling nut 13, allowing the leveling nut 13 to easily pass through the oblong mounting hole 21 while ensuring a stable connection. The long side design of the oblong mounting hole 21 is suitable for various sizes of seismographs 1, enhancing the versatility and flexibility of the device. During installation, the leveling nuts 13 are passed through the corresponding oblong mounting holes 21 to ensure a tight fit between the bottom surface of the seismograph 1 and the top surface of the coupling base 2. Then, the leveling nuts 13 are threaded onto the fixing screws until the heads of the fixing screws are tightly fitted to the bottom surface of the coupling base 2, thus achieving a fixed connection between the seismograph 1 and the coupling base 2. This ensures that the bottom surface of the seismograph 1 and the top surface of the coupling base 2 are on the same horizontal plane. The diameter of the fixing screw is slightly larger than the short side of the oblong mounting hole 21, so that after the fixing screw is connected to the leveling nut 13, the fixing screw will fix the bottom surface of the seismograph 1 to the top surface of the coupling base 2. Since the bottom surface of the seismograph 1 and the top surface of the coupling base 2 are kept on the same horizontal plane, the level of the seismograph 1 can be adjusted accordingly by adjusting the level of the coupling base 2, ensuring the stability of the device under different terrain conditions. At the same time, the threaded connection facilitates assembly and disassembly, making the whole process more convenient and efficient. The matching design of the leveling nut 13 and the oblong mounting hole 21 not only improves the flexibility of installation, but also ensures the stability and measurement accuracy of the device, which is particularly suitable for earthquake monitoring scenarios that require frequent movement and installation. In addition, this design also allows for rapid adjustment of the horizontal state of the device under different terrain conditions, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0090] Example 3:

[0091] The basic content is the same as in Embodiment 1, except that: a reinforcing crossbar 5 is provided between the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4; the reinforcing crossbar 5 is parallel to the top surface of the coupling base 2, and the two ends of the reinforcing crossbar 5 are fixedly connected to the upper part of the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4 at the same height.

[0092] In application, the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4 correspond to the north-south direction of the seismograph 1, respectively. The reinforcement crossbar 5 makes the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4 more stable in the north-south direction, effectively reducing swaying and improving the overall stability of the device. The two ends of the reinforcement crossbar 5 are fixedly connected to the upper part of the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4 at the same height, which can be achieved by welding or threaded connection. At the same time, the reinforcement crossbar 5 can also serve as a handle, making it easy to carry and install the entire device, enhancing the portability of the device. In addition, the position of the reinforcement crossbar 5 is slightly higher than the position of the seismograph 1, so as to facilitate the placement of the seismograph 1, its built-in handle, and the antenna connection cable. Typically, the seismograph currently in use is a three-component seismograph, about 23cm high and about 15cm in diameter. The height of the seismograph 1 with the handle is about 30cm, while the height of the reinforcement crossbar 5 is about 45cm. This design ensures the stability of the structure and provides sufficient space for convenient use and maintenance of the equipment.

[0093] Example 4:

[0094] The basic content is the same as in Embodiment 1, except that: the first antenna fixing rod 3 further includes a first reinforcing component 31, and the second antenna fixing rod 4 further includes a second reinforcing component 41; one side of the first reinforcing component 31 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the first antenna fixing rod 3, and the other side of the first reinforcing component 31 is fixedly connected to the top of the coupling base 2; one side of the second reinforcing component 41 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the second antenna fixing rod 4, and the other side of the second reinforcing component 41 is fixedly connected to the top of the coupling base 2.

[0095] In application, the first reinforcing component 31 and the second reinforcing component 41 are respectively connected to the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4 from the lower side, and are firmly connected to the top of the coupling base 2. This enhances the stability of the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4 in the east-west direction, effectively preventing shaking. The reinforcement components ensure the stability of the antenna fixing rod, thereby improving the reliability of the entire device in complex environments. At the same time, this reinforcement method also maintains the overall compact structure of the device, facilitating transportation and on-site installation. Specifically, for example... Figure 3As shown, both the first reinforcing component 31 and the second reinforcing component 41 are arc-shaped triangular pieces. The curvature of the arc-shaped triangular pieces matches the lower curvature of the seismograph 1, ensuring that the reinforcing components fit snugly against the lower part of the seismograph 1. The side of the first reinforcing component 31 and the second reinforcing component 41 (i.e., the side where the height of the arc-shaped triangular piece is located) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the antenna mounting rod. The other side of the first reinforcing component 31 and the second reinforcing component 41 (i.e., the side where the bottom edge of the arc-shaped triangular piece is located) is fixedly connected to the top of the coupling base 2. Through their arc-shaped design, the first reinforcing component 31 and the second reinforcing component 41 not only provide additional support in the east-west direction but also effectively prevent the antenna mounting rod from shaking, ensuring the stability of the entire device. In addition, as Figure 2 As shown, the first reinforcing component 31 and the second reinforcing component 41 can also be connecting rod fixing components. The connecting rod fixing components include a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod. One end of the first connecting rod is fixedly connected to the top of the coupling base 2, and the other end of the first connecting rod is fixedly connected to one end of the second connecting rod and fixedly connected to the lower side of the antenna fixing rod. The other end of the second connecting rod is fixedly connected to the opposite side of the top of the coupling base 2, thereby enhancing the stability of the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4 in the east-west direction.

[0096] Example 5:

[0097] The basic content is the same as in Embodiment 1, except that: the seismograph azimuth measuring device based on dual-antenna GNSS further includes a third antenna fixing rod 10, which is parallel to the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4, and is located on the extension line of the straight line containing the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4; the top of the third antenna fixing rod 10 is provided with a third screw hole 101, on which a third GNSS antenna 9 is threaded; the third GNSS antenna 9 is connected via... The wiring is connected to the receiver 11; the side of the first antenna fixing rod 3 is provided with an aperture 33 above the reinforcing crossbar 5, and the side of the second antenna fixing rod 4 is provided with a sight port 43 above the reinforcing crossbar 5; the side of the third antenna fixing rod 10 is provided with a target port 102 above the reinforcing crossbar 5; the aperture 33, the sight port 43 and the target port 102 are on the same baseline; a telescope 6 is installed on the top of the reinforcing crossbar 5, and the telescope 6, the aperture 33, the sight port 43 and the target port 102 are on the same baseline.

[0098] In application, the sight consists of a rear sight 33 located on the first antenna fixing rod 3, a front sight 43 on the second antenna fixing rod 4, a target port 102 on the third antenna fixing rod 10, and a telescope 6 located on the reinforcing crossbar 5. The sight is slightly higher than the reinforcing crossbar 5 and is used to align the device with the third antenna fixing rod 10 when extending the baseline. Similar to firearm sights, after the device is leveled, the third antenna fixing rod 10 is adjusted along the vertical line, and its height and position are adjusted so that the rear sight 33, the telescope 6, the front sight 43, and the target port 102 are kept on the same horizontal straight line, that is, the horizontal height and azimuth angle are consistent. The telescope 6 can be fixed on the top of the reinforcing crossbar 5 to assist in long-distance aiming.

[0099] When it is necessary to extend the baseline, the following method shall be used for measurement, as follows:

[0100] Step 1: First, place the seismograph 1 on the coupling base 2 and adjust its position until the bottom surface of the seismograph 1 is in close contact with the top surface of the coupling base 2, and the first azimuth indicator hole 151 and the second azimuth indicator hole 152 of the seismograph 1 are aligned with the first azimuth fixing hole 34 and the second azimuth fixing hole 44, respectively. Then, stop adjusting the seismograph 1. Next, fix the seismograph 1 to the coupling base 2, and fix the seismograph 1 to the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4 respectively using the azimuth indicator nail 153. Then, keep the coupling base 2 horizontal by rotating the leveling screw 22.

[0101] Step 2: First, place the third antenna fixing rod 10 on the extension line of the straight line where the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the second antenna fixing rod 4 are located. Then adjust the position and height of the third antenna fixing rod 10 until the sight 33, the front sight 43, and the target sight 102 are on the same horizontal straight line, that is, the horizontal height and azimuth angle are consistent. The telescope 6 can be fixed on the top of the reinforcing crossbar 5 to assist in long-distance aiming.

[0102] Step 3: First, screw the first GNSS antenna 7 and the third GNSS antenna 9 onto the first antenna fixing rod 3 and the third antenna fixing rod 10 respectively; then connect the first GNSS antenna 7 and the third GNSS antenna 9 to the receiver 11 through the connecting cable, and then connect the receiver 11 to the computer terminal 12.

[0103] Step 4: First, the GNSS carrier of the same satellite sweeps across the first GNSS antenna 7 and the third GNSS antenna 9 in sequence, generating an induced current. The induced current is then transmitted to the receiver 11, which processes the induced current and generates data. The processed data is output in the form of an observation file. The computer terminal 12 reads the output file from the receiver 11 and reads the observation values ​​and satellite ephemeris information from it.

[0104] Step 5: First, based on the above observations and satellite ephemeris information, calculate the incident angles of the first GNSS antenna 7, the third GNSS antenna 9 and the satellite electromagnetic waves, as well as the azimuth angles of the first GNSS antenna 7, the third GNSS antenna 9 and the satellite. Then, measure the antenna spacing L between the first GNSS antenna 7 and the third GNSS antenna 9.

[0105] Step 6: First, combine the above incident angle, satellite azimuth incident angle and antenna spacing L to establish the corresponding equation of the horizontal azimuth angle α of vector AB and carrier travel distance, and then solve the equation to obtain the azimuth angle of seismograph 1.

[0106] Example 6:

[0107] The basic content is the same as in Embodiment 1, except that the rod part of the third antenna fixing rod 10 is a telescopic rod, and the bottom of the third antenna fixing rod 10 is a pointed cone or a base.

[0108] In application, the bottom form of the third antenna mounting rod 10 is selected according to different usage scenarios. When deployed in the field, the bottom of the third antenna mounting rod 10 is replaced with a pointed cone to ensure it can be firmly inserted into the soil and remain perpendicular to the ground. When deployed on hard surfaces such as concrete, the bottom of the third antenna mounting rod 10 is selected as the base to ensure that the third antenna mounting rod 10 can be stably fixed and maintain a perpendicular state to the ground. In addition, the height of the third antenna mounting rod 10 is designed to be adjustable. In scenarios where the baseline is extended, this design allows for flexible adjustment of the rod height to ensure that the third antenna mounting rod 10 is on the same horizontal line as the first antenna mounting rod 3 and the second antenna mounting rod 4. This not only ensures that the first GNSS antenna... 7. The second GNSS antenna 8 and the third GNSS antenna 9 can be kept on the same horizontal line, thereby improving measurement accuracy and enhancing the adaptability of the equipment under different conditions and scenarios. At the same time, setting the rod of the third antenna fixing rod 10 as a telescopic rod structure not only provides flexibility in height adjustment, but also facilitates transportation and storage, reducing space occupation. When conditions permit, the third antenna fixing rod 10 is usually preferred to replace the second antenna fixing rod 4 to extend the baseline, so that the azimuth angle measurement accuracy can be improved under the same carrier phase measurement error. However, when the usage conditions are limited, such as when the seismograph 1 needs to be deployed in a pit, making aiming difficult, or when rapid installation is required, the second antenna fixing rod 4 is used directly.

[0109] Example 7:

[0110] The basic content is the same as in Embodiment 1, except that: a movable guide rail 61 is installed on the top of the reinforcing crossbar 5, and the movable guide rail 61 is connected to the telescope 6.

[0111] In application, a movable guide rail 61 is installed on the top of the reinforcing crossbar 5, and then the telescope 6 is fixedly connected to the movable guide rail 61. This design makes it easy to adjust the horizontal position of the telescope 6 according to actual needs, thereby achieving more accurate aiming. Especially in special scenarios such as the seismograph 1 being installed in a pit, the telescope 6 can be easily replaced through the movable guide rail 61, for example, by installing a reflective aiming scope to facilitate top-down aiming, improving the convenience and user-friendliness of operation.

[0112] Example 8:

[0113] The basic content is the same as in Example 1, except that: when applying it, the transformation of the corresponding equations for the horizontal azimuth angle α of vector AB and the carrier travel distance can yield the following formula:

[0114]

[0115] In the above formula, only the baseline azimuth is unknown; for multiple observation records, the least squares method can be used, and the residual of a single observation record is defined based on the formula as follows:

[0116]

[0117] Where i represents the i-th observation record, the objective function is:

[0118]

[0119] With a step size of 0.01°, traverse from 0 to 360, and the α that minimizes F(α) is the optimal solution;

[0120] The carrier phase data for a single antenna is directly output by receiver 11 as a floating-point number, with the dimension of cycles. Each epoch records a set of observations, including pseudorange, carrier phase, Doppler shift, and signal strength for each satellite. Specific details need to be analyzed based on the header definition of the data file. The carrier phase data for dual-antenna receivers is similar, but it will be marked in the data or in a separate file, depending on the specific receiver model; it can be read directly. The phase difference between the carrier phases of the two antennas at the same epoch and the same satellite is calculated by subtracting the difference, representing the difference in the number of cycles the signal takes to reach the antenna at the same epoch. Phase difference × wavelength = electromagnetic wave propagation distance. This approach has two advantages: it eliminates the influence of the common propagation path between the satellite and the receiver, and it eliminates the clock difference between receiver 11 and the satellite. This phase difference can be considered as being generated by the electromagnetic wave sweeping across the path of antenna AB.

[0121] Example 9:

[0122] The basic content is the same as in Example 1, except that after the azimuth measurement is completed, the calculated azimuth can be verified through the following steps: First, by using a geological compass combined with corrections for the geomagnetic north pole and the geographic north pole, the installation orientation of the seismograph 1 is initially determined. If the installation process is proper, the deviation between the seismograph and the geographic north pole is usually within 10 degrees, making it easy to determine whether the calculated azimuth is within a reasonable range. Second, if the seismograph azimuth is facing due north, α = 0, then the formula... It can be simplified to: The right side of this formula is a cosine curve that varies with the satellite azimuth angle, which can be used to intuitively determine whether the calculated azimuth angle and data are correct.

[0123] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model. The protection scope of the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. Any equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art based on the content disclosed in the present utility model should be included in the protection scope recorded in the claims.

Claims

1. A seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS, characterized in that: The seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS includes a seismograph (1), a coupling base (2), a first antenna fixing rod (3), and a second antenna fixing rod (4). The seismograph (1) has a first azimuth indicator hole (151) and a second azimuth indicator hole (152) symmetrically arranged on both sides of its lower part. The seismograph (1) also includes two azimuth indicator nails (153), which are adapted to the first azimuth indicator hole (151) and the second azimuth indicator hole (152). The bottom of the coupling base (2) is arranged in an equilateral triangle with three leveling screws (22), which are fixedly connected to the bottom of the coupling base (2); the top surface of the coupling base (2) is provided with a base level bubble (23) on the outer perimeter of the seismograph (1). The first antenna fixing rod (3) is provided with a first screw hole (32) at the top, and a first GNSS antenna (7) is threaded onto the first screw hole (32); a through first azimuth fixing hole (34) is provided at the lower part of the first antenna fixing rod (3) at the position corresponding to the first azimuth indicator hole (151). The top of the second antenna fixing rod (4) is provided with a second screw hole (42), and the second GNSS antenna (8) is threaded onto the second screw hole (42); the lower part of the second antenna fixing rod (4) is provided with a through second azimuth fixing hole (44) at the corresponding position of the second azimuth indicator hole (152). The bottom of the seismograph (1) is fixedly connected to the coupling base (2). The first antenna fixing rod (3) and the second antenna fixing rod (4) are respectively vertically fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the top of the coupling base (2) and are symmetrically distributed about the center line of the coupling base (2). One of the azimuth indicator pins (153) passes through the first azimuth fixing hole (34) and is fixedly connected to the first azimuth indicator hole (151). The other azimuth indicator pin (153) passes through the second azimuth fixing hole (44) and is fixedly connected to the second azimuth indicator hole (152). The first GNSS antenna (7) and the second GNSS antenna (8) are respectively connected to the receiver (11) through connecting lines. The receiver (11) is connected to the computer terminal (12).

2. The seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the seismograph (1) is fixedly connected with three leveling nuts (13). The coupling base (2) has three through waist-shaped mounting holes (21). The position of the waist-shaped mounting holes (21) corresponds to the position of the leveling nut (13). The short side of the waist-shaped mounting holes (21) is clearance-fitted with the diameter of the leveling nut (13). The leveling nut (13) passes through the corresponding waist-shaped mounting hole (21) and is threaded to the fixing screw. The bottom surface of the seismograph (1) is in close contact with the top surface of the coupling base (2), and the head of the fixing screw is in close contact with the bottom surface of the coupling base (2).

3. The seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS according to claim 1, characterized in that: A reinforcing crossbar (5) is provided between the first antenna fixing rod (3) and the second antenna fixing rod (4); The reinforcing crossbar (5) is parallel to the top surface of the coupling base (2), and the two ends of the reinforcing crossbar (5) are fixedly connected to the upper part of the first antenna fixing rod (3) and the second antenna fixing rod (4) at the same height.

4. The seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first antenna fixing rod (3) further includes a first reinforcing component (31), and the second antenna fixing rod (4) further includes a second reinforcing component (41). One side of the first reinforcing component (31) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the first antenna fixing rod (3), and the other side of the first reinforcing component (31) is fixedly connected to the top of the coupling base (2). One side of the second reinforcing component (41) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the second antenna fixing rod (4), and the other side of the second reinforcing component (41) is fixedly connected to the top of the coupling base (2).

5. The seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS according to claim 3, characterized in that: The seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS also includes a third antenna fixing rod (10), which is parallel to the first antenna fixing rod (3) and the second antenna fixing rod (4). The third antenna fixing rod (10) is located on the extension line of the straight line where the first antenna fixing rod (3) and the second antenna fixing rod (4) are located. The top of the third antenna fixing rod (10) is provided with a third screw hole (101), and a third GNSS antenna (9) is threaded onto the third screw hole (101). The third GNSS antenna (9) is connected to the receiver (11) via a connecting line.

6. The seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS according to claim 5, characterized in that: The side of the first antenna fixing rod (3) is provided with a sight (33) above the reinforcing crossbar (5), and the side of the second antenna fixing rod (4) is provided with a sight (43) above the reinforcing crossbar (5). The third antenna fixing rod (10) has a target opening (102) on its side above the reinforcing crossbar (5). The rear sight (33), the front sight (43), and the target sight (102) are on the same baseline.

7. The seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS according to claim 6, characterized in that: A telescope (6) is installed on the top of the reinforcing crossbar (5), and the telescope (6) is on the same baseline as the sight (33), the front sight (43), and the target sight (102).

8. The seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top of the reinforcing crossbar (5) is equipped with a movable guide rail (61), which is connected to the telescope (6).

9. The seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rod part of the third antenna fixing rod (10) is a telescopic rod.

10. The seismograph azimuth measurement device based on dual-antenna GNSS according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the third antenna fixing rod (10) is a pointed cone or a base.

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