Green planting structure for improving saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and discloses a greening planting structure for improving saline-alkali soil, which comprises a salt guide and drainage layer, an active improvement layer, a collaborative planting layer, a drainage assembly and an ecological barrier layer. According to the green planting structure for improving the saline-alkali soil, efficient adsorption and directional guiding and discharging of salt are achieved through the synergistic effect of degradable honeycomb guiding and discharging modules and salt fiber bundles in the salt guiding and discharging layer, and a gradient improvement matrix formed by an active improvement bottom layer, an active improvement middle layer and an active improvement top layer in the active improvement layer is used for improving the saline-alkali soil. Through synergistic salt reduction of three mechanisms of chemical neutralization, microbial decomposition and physical adsorption, the soil desalting rate is effectively increased, and the soil desalting rate is effectively increased through the dynamic response design of a lower starch-based degradable film of a dynamic response film in the ecological barrier layer and an upper conductive polymer coating of the dynamic response film in combination with the temperature-controlled water release characteristic of temperature-sensitive hydrogel in a 3D printing honeycomb structure. The high salinity barrier rate is achieved, and meanwhile the water utilization rate is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of saline-alkali land improvement technology, specifically a greening planting structure for improving saline-alkali land. Background Technology

[0002] Water is a key factor in controlling soil salinization. Introducing river water into irrigation areas and using the force of the water to flush away salts from the soil can alleviate salinization and lay the foundation for the subsequent overall development of soda-alkali land. In addition, underground drainage technology and brackish water leaching technology, which use water to flush away salts from the soil layer, can also remove salts and reduce the salt content of the soil. The more water is drained, the better the improvement of soil physical properties will be, and the more suitable the soil will be for crop cultivation.

[0003] An existing patent (publication number: CN221532074U) discloses a planting system for improving saline-alkali land greening, belonging to the field of saline-alkali land improvement technology. It is installed within a saline-alkali land greening area, with a culvert dug at the bottom of the greening area. From bottom to top, it includes a lower permeable layer, a separating layer, a filter layer, an upper permeable layer, geotextile, and a planting soil layer. The lower permeable layer is located at the bottom of the culvert dug and the bottom of the saline-alkali land greening area. The separating layer is located on top of the lower permeable layer and extends to cover the inner wall of the saline-alkali land greening area. The filter layer is placed on top of the separating layer and fully covers the saline-alkali land greening area, with its lowest point located within the culvert dug and its top surface higher than the top surface of the culvert dug, and salt drainage pipes are installed inside. The upper permeable layer, geotextile, and planting soil layer are sequentially laid to fully cover the saline-alkali land greening area. This invention allows water seeping from the ground to be filtered sequentially through a separating layer, a lower permeable layer, and a filter layer. The seepage water flowing down from above is collected through a salt drainage pipe and discharged into a salt drainage well, thereby improving saline-alkali land.

[0004] The device in the aforementioned comparative document uses a layered drainage method to improve saline-alkali land, but the improvement rate is relatively slow. In order to achieve rapid improvement and ecological restoration of saline-alkali land, a planting structure for greening and improving saline-alkali land is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application provides an improved greening planting structure for saline-alkali land. Through the synergistic effect of chemical neutralization, microbial decomposition, and physical adsorption, it rapidly reduces soil salinity, improves soil fertility, and is beneficial for the rapid improvement and ecological restoration of saline-alkali land.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: a greening planting structure for improving saline-alkali land, comprising a salt drainage layer, an active improvement layer, a synergistic planting layer, a drainage component, and an ecological barrier layer. The salt drainage layer is buried at the bottom of a saline-alkali land pit. The interior of the salt drainage layer consists of a biodegradable honeycomb drainage module and salt fiber bundles filling the inner wall of the biodegradable honeycomb drainage module. The active improvement layer covers the salt drainage layer and is composed of a gradient-distributed improvement matrix, including an active improvement bottom layer, an active improvement middle layer, and an active improvement top layer distributed from bottom to top. The synergistic planting layer includes a modular planting tray. The inner bottom wall of the modular planting tray has uniformly distributed capillary drainage holes. Each capillary drainage hole is embedded with a water-guiding fiber. The bottom ends of multiple water-guiding fibers are connected to the active improvement layer. The ecological barrier layer is located between the active improvement layer and the synergistic planting layer.

[0007] The above scheme achieves efficient adsorption and directional drainage of salt through the synergistic effect of the biodegradable honeycomb drainage module and salt fiber bundles in the salt drainage layer. The gradient improvement matrix formed by the active improvement bottom layer, active improvement middle layer and active improvement top layer in the active improvement layer reduces salt through a triple mechanism of chemical neutralization, microbial decomposition and physical adsorption, effectively improving the soil desalination rate. The ecological barrier layer can achieve a high salt barrier rate and improve water use efficiency. The synergistic planting layer, through the dual-path design of capillary water-conducting holes and water-conducting fibers on the modular planting tray, combined with the corresponding plant combination, forms a biological-physical synergistic salt migration channel. Compared with the comparison document, this structure can more quickly reduce salt and improve the ecology of saline-alkali land.

[0008] Furthermore, the biodegradable honeycomb drainage module is made of straw-based bioplastic hexagonal units, and the salt fiber bundle is made of coconut shell fiber and ion exchange resin composite.

[0009] The above scheme limits the material of the salt fiber bundle, enabling it to adsorb salt ions through ion exchange and enhance salt removal efficiency.

[0010] Furthermore, the ecological barrier layer includes a dynamic response membrane lower layer laid on the upper surface of the active modified top layer. The dynamic response membrane lower layer is a starch-based biodegradable membrane. The upper surface of the dynamic response membrane lower layer is provided with a dynamic response membrane upper layer, which is a conductive polymer coating containing halophilic nanoparticles. Its water permeability can be adjusted by an external microcurrent.

[0011] The above scheme, which sets up a dynamic response membrane lower layer and a dynamic response membrane upper layer to work together, can adjust the water permeability according to the change of electric field, actively drive away salt ions, and inhibit salt backflow.

[0012] Furthermore, a 3D-printed honeycomb structure is mounted on the upper surface of the dynamic response membrane, and the inner wall of the 3D-printed honeycomb structure is filled with a temperature-sensitive hydrogel.

[0013] The above scheme, which combines the 3D-printed honeycomb structure with the thermosensitive hydrogel, can release water when the temperature rises and lock in water when the temperature drops, thereby achieving dynamic regulation of soil moisture and reducing the need for artificial irrigation.

[0014] Furthermore, the active modified bottom layer is made of a high proportion of gypsum powder and sulfur particles, the active modified middle layer is made of a mixture of salt-tolerant Bacillus thuringiensis agent and biochar, and the active modified top layer is made of a mixture of slow-release mineral particles and water-retaining agent.

[0015] The above scheme defines the composition of the active modification bottom layer, the active modification middle layer, and the active modification top layer, and can effectively improve the salt reduction rate through the synergistic effect of chemical neutralization, microbial decomposition, and physical adsorption.

[0016] Furthermore, the modular planting tray is made of biodegradable PLA material, with salt-absorbing pioneer plants planted on the edge of the modular planting tray, nitrogen-fixing shrubs planted in the center of the modular planting tray, and windbreak trees planted at intervals in the middle of the modular planting tray.

[0017] The above scheme limits the material of the modular planting tray and the plants planted inside, enabling the root system of the planted plants to form a "biological pump" that guides deep salts to the salt drainage layer, thereby increasing the improvement rate.

[0018] Furthermore, the drainage assembly includes a filter screen and a water collection well. The upper surface of the filter screen is fixedly connected to the bottom of the salt drainage layer, and a drainage hood is fixedly connected to the bottom of the filter screen.

[0019] The above-mentioned solution reduces the probability of foreign objects entering the drain hood, thereby reducing the probability of the drain hood becoming clogged.

[0020] Furthermore, the bottom of the drain cover is connected to a drain pipe, the bottom end of which is connected to the interior of the water collection well, and a salt sensor is installed on the inner bottom wall of the water collection well.

[0021] The above scheme, which includes a drain pipe, a collection well, and a salt sensor, allows excess salt and water to be discharged, preventing salt accumulation, and the salt content can be detected by the salt sensor.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] This novel greening planting structure for improving saline-alkali land utilizes the synergistic effect of biodegradable honeycomb drainage modules and salt fiber bundles in the salt drainage layer to achieve efficient adsorption and directional drainage of salt. The active improvement layer, consisting of an active improvement bottom layer, an active improvement middle layer, and an active improvement top layer, forms a gradient improvement matrix that synergistically reduces salt content through a triple mechanism of chemical neutralization, microbial decomposition, and physical adsorption, effectively increasing the soil desalination rate. The ecological barrier layer features a dynamic response design with a starch-based biodegradable membrane under the dynamic response membrane and a conductive polymer coating on top of the dynamic response membrane. Combined with the temperature-controlled water release characteristics of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel within the 3D-printed honeycomb structure, this achieves a high salt barrier rate while improving water utilization. The synergistic planting layer, through a dual-path design of capillary water-guiding holes and water-guiding fibers on the modular planting tray, along with corresponding plant combinations, forms a bio-physical synergistic salt migration channel. Compared to the prior art, this structure can more quickly reduce salt content and improve the ecology of saline-alkali land. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall frontal plan view of the structure of this application;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional plan view of the structure of this application;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a top view of the overall structure of this application.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a partial top view of the structure of this application;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the structure of this application.

[0029] In the picture:

[0030] 1. Salt drainage layer; 101. Biodegradable honeycomb drainage module; 102. Salt fiber bundle; 2. Activity modification layer; 201. Activity modification bottom layer; 202. Activity modification middle layer; 203. Activity modification top layer; 3. Synergistic planting layer; 301. Modular planting tray; 302. Capillary water guiding holes; 303. Water guiding fiber; 4. Drainage component; 401. Filter screen; 402. Drainage cover; 403. Drainage pipe; 404. Water collection well; 405. Salt sensor; 5. Ecological barrier layer; 501. Dynamic response membrane lower layer; 502. Dynamic response membrane upper layer; 503. 3D printed honeycomb structure; 504. Thermosensitive hydrogel. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 This embodiment describes a greening planting structure for improved saline-alkali land, comprising a salt drainage layer 1, an active improvement layer 2, a synergistic planting layer 3, a drainage component 4, and an ecological barrier layer 5. The salt drainage layer 1 is buried at the bottom of a saline-alkali land foundation pit. The interior of the salt drainage layer 1 consists of a biodegradable honeycomb drainage module 101 and salt fiber bundles 102 filling the inner wall of the biodegradable honeycomb drainage module 101. The biodegradable honeycomb drainage module 101 is made of straw-based bioplastic in hexagonal units. The salt fiber bundles 102 are composed of coconut shell fiber and ion exchange resin, defining the material of the salt fiber bundles 102 to enable them to adsorb salt ions through ion exchange, thereby enhancing salt drainage efficiency. The active improvement layer 2 covers... Above the salt-dissipating layer 1, the interior of the active modification layer 2 is composed of a gradient-distributed modification matrix, including an active modification bottom layer 201, an active modification middle layer 202, and an active modification top layer 203 distributed from bottom to top. The active modification bottom layer 201 is made of a high proportion of gypsum powder and sulfur particles, the active modification middle layer 202 is made of a mixture of salt-tolerant Bacillus inoculant and biochar, and the active modification top layer 203 is made of a mixture of slow-release mineral particles and water-retaining agent. The composition of the active modification bottom layer 201, the active modification middle layer 202, and the active modification top layer 203 is defined, which can effectively improve the salt reduction rate through the synergistic effect of chemical neutralization, microbial decomposition, and physical adsorption.

[0033] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The collaborative planting layer 3 includes a modular planting tray 301. The inner bottom wall of the modular planting tray 301 has uniformly distributed capillary water-guiding holes 302. Each capillary water-guiding hole 302 is embedded with water-guiding fibers 303. The bottom ends of multiple water-guiding fibers 303 are connected to the active improvement layer 2. The modular planting tray 301 is made of biodegradable PLA material. Salt-absorbing pioneer plants are planted at the edge of the modular planting tray 301. Salt-absorbing pioneer plants are preferably Suaeda salsa. Nitrogen-fixing shrubs are planted in the center of the modular planting tray 301. Nitrogen-fixing shrubs are preferably Tamarix chinensis. Windbreak trees are planted at intervals in the modular planting tray 301. Windbreak trees are preferably Elaeagnus angustifolia. The material of the modular planting tray 301 and the plants planted inside the modular planting tray 301 are limited, which enables the root system of the planted plants to form a "biological pump" to guide deep salt to the salt drainage layer 1 and improve the improvement rate.

[0034] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 The ecological barrier layer 5 is located between the active improvement layer 2 and the synergistic planting layer 3. The ecological barrier layer 5 includes a dynamic response membrane lower layer 501 laid on the upper surface of the active improvement layer 203. The dynamic response membrane lower layer 501 is a starch-based biodegradable membrane. The upper surface of the dynamic response membrane lower layer 501 is provided with a dynamic response membrane upper layer 502. The dynamic response membrane upper layer 502 is a conductive polymer coating containing salt-repellent nanoparticles. Its permeability can be adjusted by external microcurrent. By setting the dynamic response membrane lower layer 501 and dynamic response membrane upper layer 502 in cooperation, the permeability can be adjusted according to the change of electric field, actively driving away salt ions and inhibiting salt backflow. A 3D printed honeycomb structure 503 is installed on the upper surface of the dynamic response membrane upper layer 502. The inner wall of the 3D printed honeycomb structure 503 is filled with a temperature-sensitive hydrogel 504. By setting the 3D printed honeycomb structure 503 and the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 504 in cooperation, water can be released when the temperature rises and water can be locked when the temperature drops, so as to achieve the effect of dynamically regulating soil moisture and reduce the need for artificial irrigation.

[0035] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 The drainage assembly 4 includes a filter screen 401 and a water collection well 404. The upper surface of the filter screen 401 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the salt drainage layer 1, and the bottom of the filter screen 401 is fixedly connected to a drainage cover 402. The filter screen 401 can reduce the probability of foreign objects entering the drainage cover 402, thereby reducing the probability of the drainage cover 402 being blocked. The bottom of the drainage cover 402 is connected to a drainage pipe 403, and the bottom end of the drainage pipe 403 is connected to the inside of the water collection well 404. A salt sensor 405 is installed on the inner bottom wall of the water collection well 404. By setting up the drainage pipe 403, the water collection well 404 and the salt sensor 405, excess salt and water can be discharged to prevent salt accumulation, and the salt content can be detected by the salt sensor 405.

[0036] In this embodiment, a greening planting structure for improving saline-alkali land achieves efficient adsorption and directional drainage of salt through the synergistic effect of the biodegradable honeycomb drainage module 101 and salt fiber bundles 102 in the salt drainage layer 1. The gradient improvement matrix formed by the active improvement bottom layer 201, the active improvement middle layer 202, and the active improvement top layer 203 in the active improvement layer 2 reduces salt content through a triple mechanism of chemical neutralization, microbial decomposition, and physical adsorption, effectively increasing the soil desalination rate. The dynamic response membrane underlayer 501 in the ecological barrier layer 5 is a starch-based biodegradable... The dynamic response design of the conductive polymer coating on the upper layer 502 of the membrane and the dynamic response membrane, combined with the temperature-controlled water release characteristics of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 504 inside the 3D printed honeycomb structure 503, achieves a high salt barrier rate and improves water utilization. The synergistic planting layer 3, through the dual-path design of capillary water-conducting holes 302 and water-conducting fibers 303 on the modular planting tray 301, and in conjunction with the corresponding plant combination, forms a biological-physical synergistic salt migration channel. Compared with the comparison document, this structure can more quickly reduce salt content and improve the ecology of saline-alkali land.

[0037] The working principle of the above embodiment is as follows: The salt drainage layer 1 forms a mesh drainage channel through the hexagonal honeycomb structure of the biodegradable honeycomb drainage module 101. The coconut shell fiber and ion exchange resin composite salt fiber bundle 102 filled inside adsorbs salt ions through ion exchange and introduces the high-salt water into the collection well 404 of the drainage component 4. The salt concentration is monitored in real time by the salt sensor 405 and the drainage frequency is controlled. In the active improvement layer 2, the gypsum powder and sulfur particles in the active improvement bottom layer 201 quickly neutralize the soil alkalinity. The salt-tolerant Bacillus agent in the active improvement middle layer 202 decomposes organic matter and secretes organic acids to soften the soil. The slow-release mineral particles in the active improvement top layer 203 continuously release calcium and magnesium ions to replace sodium ions, forming a three-level "chemical-biological-physical" salt reduction gradient. The lower layer 501 of the dynamic response membrane of the ecological barrier layer 5 blocks salt migration through the starch-based biodegradable membrane. The upper layer 5 of the dynamic response membrane When excessive salt content is detected, the conductive polymer coating of 02 applies a micro-voltage, driving the salt-repellent nanoparticles to form a dense barrier. At the same time, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel 504 in the 3D-printed honeycomb structure 503 dynamically adjusts the water retention according to changes in ambient temperature. In conjunction with the modular planting tray 301 of the planting layer 3, water is guided to permeate through capillary water-conducting holes 302. The water-conducting fiber 303 connects to the active improvement layer 2, forming a siphon effect to accelerate salt migration. The planted Suaeda salsa absorbs surface salt through its fibrous root system, and the Tamarix chinensis main root penetrates the ecological barrier layer 5 along the water-conducting fiber 303 to form a biological salt-conducting channel. The deep root system of Elaeagnus angustifolia fixes the soil and forms a microclimate. The three work together to form an ecological restoration system of "surface salt absorption - middle layer salt conduction - deep layer soil fixation", realizing the whole-chain regulation of salt "adsorption-conversion-barrier-migration", rapidly reducing soil salinity, improving soil fertility, and benefiting the rapid improvement and ecological restoration of saline-alkali land.

[0038] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0039] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A green planting structure for improving saline-alkali soil, comprising a salt drainage layer (1), an active improvement layer (2), a synergistic planting layer (3), a liquid drainage assembly (4) and an ecological barrier layer (5), characterized in that: The salt drainage layer (1) is buried at the bottom of the saline-alkali land foundation pit, and the inside of the salt drainage layer (1) is composed of degradable honeycomb drainage modules (101) and salt fiber bundles (102) filled in the inner wall of the degradable honeycomb drainage modules (101); the active improvement layer (2) is covered on the salt drainage layer (1), and the inside of the active improvement layer (2) is composed of gradient-distributed improved substrates, including active improvement bottom layer (201), active improvement middle layer (202) and active improvement top layer (203) distributed in turn from bottom to top; the collaborative planting layer (3) comprises a modular planting tray (301), the inner bottom wall of the modular planting tray (301) is provided with uniformly distributed capillary water guide holes (302), the inside of each capillary water guide hole (302) is embedded with a water guide fiber (303), and the bottom ends of a plurality of water guide fibers (303) are connected with the active improvement layer (2); and the ecological barrier layer (5) is located between the active improvement layer (2) and the collaborative planting layer (3).

2. The green planting structure for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that The degradable honeycomb drainage module (101) is made of straw-based bioplastic into a hexagonal unit, and the salt fiber bundle (102) is composed of coconut fiber and ion exchange resin.

3. The green planting structure for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological barrier layer (5) comprises a dynamic response film lower layer (501) laid on the upper surface of the active improvement top layer (203), the dynamic response film lower layer (501) is a starch-based degradable film, and the upper surface of the dynamic response film lower layer (501) is provided with a dynamic response film upper layer (502), the dynamic response film upper layer (502) is a conductive polymer coating containing salt-tolerant nanoparticles, and the water permeability can be adjusted by external micro-current.

4. The green planting structure for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper surface of the dynamic response film upper layer (502) is provided with a 3D printing honeycomb structure (503), and the inner wall of the 3D printing honeycomb structure (503) is filled with a temperature-sensitive hydrogel (504).

5. The green planting structure for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The active improvement bottom layer (201) is made of high-proportion gypsum powder mixed with sulfur particles, the active improvement middle layer (202) is made of salt-tolerant bacillus agent mixed with biochar, and the active improvement top layer (203) is made of slow-release mineral particles mixed with water-retaining agent.

6. The green planting structure for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modular planting tray (301) is made of degradable PLA material, and the edge of the modular planting tray (301) is planted with salt-absorbing pioneer plants, the central position of the modular planting tray (301) is planted with nitrogen-fixing shrubs, and the middle of the modular planting tray (301) is planted with wind-preventing trees.

7. The green planting structure for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage assembly (4) comprises a filter screen (401) and a water collecting well (404), the upper surface of the filter screen (401) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the salt drainage layer (1), and the bottom of the filter screen (401) is fixedly connected with a drainage cover (402).

8. The green planting structure for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom of the drainage cover (402) is communicated with a drainage pipe (403), the bottom end of the drainage pipe (403) is communicated with the inside of the water collecting well (404), and the inner bottom wall of the water collecting well (404) is provided with a salt content sensor (405).

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