Field portable earth surface roughness measuring device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of earth surface roughness measurement, and particularly relates to a field portable earth surface roughness measuring device. Comprising a rectangular supporting frame, four stand columns, a supporting transverse rod, a zero returning transverse rod and a plurality of measuring drill rods, the four stand columns are installed at the four corners of the bottom of the rectangular supporting frame respectively, the rectangular supporting frame is formed by splicing four horizontal beams, and the two ends of the supporting transverse rod are slidably connected with the two parallel horizontal beams of the rectangular supporting frame respectively; the top end of the measuring borer is fixedly connected with a clamping block, and the bottom end of the measuring borer sequentially penetrates through the through hole in the zeroing cross rod and the through hole in the supporting cross rod from top to bottom and extends to the position below the supporting cross rod. The device is simple in structure, detachable in component, convenient to carry, low in cost, convenient to replace, convenient to install when used outdoors, easy to operate, time-saving, labor-saving and accurate in test result, and is necessary instrument equipment for measuring the roughness of the earth surface outdoors, and the frame components are all made of PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of surface roughness measurement technology, specifically relating to a portable field surface roughness measurement device. Background Technology

[0002] Surface roughness, at a certain scale, describes the randomness or irregularity of micro-topography on the Earth's surface, reflecting the resistance characteristics of micro-landforms. Studies have shown that surface roughness has a significant effect on wind and water erosion. Surface roughness affects infiltration rate, surface runoff, reflection of solar radiation, evaporation rate, and the migration and interception of soil particles during wind erosion. Accurate measurement of surface roughness is of great significance for studying soil erosion in different regions. Clarifying the impact of surface roughness on erosion can provide scientific data for regional soil erosion control.

[0003] Surface roughness measurement methods can be divided into two types: contact measurement and non-contact measurement. Contact measurement utilizes a variety of tools, such as chains, probes, and rulers. Non-contact measurement primarily uses tools like laser rangefinders and cameras, with laser rangefinders being more commonly used. These rangefinders exist in complete sets and can also be used individually as miniature models. Due to varying needs among operators, the requirements for measuring devices also differ. In addition to commercially available equipment, users have developed numerous different measuring devices, including both contact and non-contact types. The following measuring devices, developed spontaneously by researchers in practice, each have certain advantages but also some disadvantages. (1) Surface roughness tester (application number CN201010554026.2), which is a non-contact device that connects directly to a computer and can generate a map directly after measurement. However, this device is not convenient to use in the field. (2) A topographic and geomorphological measuring device (application number CN201922470894.1), which is also a non-contact device. The laser rangefinder is installed on a bracket with a sliding rail, which greatly improves the accuracy of field measurement. However, the laser rangefinder used cannot monitor automatically, and the record button needs to be pressed once for each point measured. (3) Surface roughness parameter measuring device and method (application number CN201110383770.5), which is a contact measuring device that is convenient to use in the field. However, the disadvantage of this device is that it does not have a support frame. Like the chain method, it can only achieve single-row measurement, and the measurement results cannot be used to draw a spatial map.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a device that is simple in structure, easy to obtain materials, easy to install, saves time and effort, and can quickly measure surface roughness in the field is one of the technical problems that urgently need to be solved in this field. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model discloses a portable surface roughness measuring device for field use, and specifically discloses the following technical solutions:

[0006] A portable surface roughness measuring device for field use includes a rectangular support frame, columns, support crossbars, a zeroing crossbar, and measuring probes. Four columns are installed at the four bottom corners of the rectangular support frame. The rectangular support frame is composed of four horizontal beams. The two ends of the support crossbars are slidably connected to two parallel horizontal beams of the rectangular support frame. The zeroing crossbar is located above the support crossbar. The zeroing crossbar and the support crossbar have several through holes spaced evenly apart. Several measuring probes are included. A locking block is fixedly connected to the top of each measuring probe. The bottom end of each measuring probe extends from top to bottom through the through holes on the zeroing crossbar and the support crossbar, reaching below the support crossbar.

[0007] Furthermore, two adjacent horizontal beams and a corresponding column are connected by a T-connector, with one end of each horizontal beam and column inserted into one of the three ports of the T-connector.

[0008] Furthermore, each end of the support crossbar is fixedly connected to a sleeve, and the two sleeves are slidably fitted onto two horizontal beams located at both ends of the support crossbar.

[0009] Furthermore, scale lines are symmetrically arranged on the two horizontal beams that are slidably connected to both ends of the supporting crossbar.

[0010] Furthermore, a T-shaped bidirectional horizontal bubble level is fixedly installed at the connection point of two adjacent horizontal beams of the rectangular support frame. The T-shaped bidirectional horizontal bubble level is used to detect the levelness of the two adjacent horizontal beams respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, each of the columns is slidably fitted with an extension tube at its bottom, and a spiked anchor rod is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the extension tube. A tightening bolt for fixing the column and the extension tube is installed on the side wall of the extension tube.

[0012] Furthermore, the horizontal beam, the column, the supporting crossbar, and the zeroing crossbar are all made of PVC material.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0014] This utility model has a simple structure, detachable components, and is easy to carry. The frame components are all made of PVC, which is inexpensive and easy to replace. It is easy to install and operate in the field, saving time and effort. The test results are accurate, making it an indispensable instrument for measuring surface roughness in the field. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 Point cloud map plotted from surface roughness measurement data of mobile sand dunes;

[0017] Figure 3 Point cloud map plotted based on surface roughness measurement data of PLA fiber sandbag sand barrier grid;

[0018] Figure 4 Point cloud map plotted based on surface roughness measurement data of PE mesh sand barrier grid;

[0019] Figure 5 Point cloud map plotted based on surface roughness measurement data of cultivated land after chili harvest;

[0020] Figure 6 Point cloud map plotted based on surface roughness measurement data of cultivated land after potato harvest.

[0021] 1-Column, 2-Horizontal beam, 3-Supporting crossbar, 4-Zeroing crossbar, 5-Test probe, 6-Clamping block, 7-T-connecting pipe, 8-Sleeve, 9-T-shaped bidirectional horizontal bubble meter, 10-Extension pipe, 11-Tightening bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 A portable surface roughness measuring device for field use includes a rectangular support frame, columns 1, support crossbars 3, zeroing crossbars 4, and measuring probes 5. Four columns 1 are installed at the four bottom corners of the rectangular support frame. The rectangular support frame is composed of four horizontal beams 2 joined together. The two ends of the support crossbars 3 are slidably connected to two parallel horizontal beams 2 of the rectangular support frame. The zeroing crossbars 4 are located above the support crossbars 3. Several through holes are evenly spaced on both the zeroing crossbars 4 and the support crossbars 3. Several measuring probes 5 are present. A locking block 6 is fixedly connected to the top of each measuring probe 5. The bottom end of the measuring probe 5 extends from top to bottom through the through holes on the zeroing crossbars 4 and the support crossbars 3, reaching below the support crossbars 3. The size of the locking block 6 is larger than the diameter of the through holes on the zeroing crossbars 4 to ensure that the locking block 6 cannot pass through the through holes.

[0024] In this embodiment, two adjacent horizontal beams 2 and a corresponding column 1 are connected by a three-way connecting pipe 7. One end of each of the two horizontal beams 2 and the column 1 is inserted into one of the three ports of the three-way connecting pipe 7, which facilitates assembly and disassembly and makes it easy to carry.

[0025] In this embodiment, sleeves 8 are fixedly connected to both ends of the support crossbar 3. The two sleeves 8 are slidably sleeved on the two horizontal beams 2 located at both ends of the support crossbar 3, so that the support crossbar 3 can be translated along the horizontal beams 2 as a whole.

[0026] In this embodiment, scale lines are symmetrically arranged on the two horizontal beams 2 that are slidably connected to both ends of the support crossbar 3. The scale lines facilitate the measurement and recording of the translation distance of the support crossbar 3 by the staff, thereby providing accurate data for the drawing of the spatial diagram.

[0027] In this embodiment, a T-shaped bidirectional horizontal bubble meter 9 is fixedly installed at the connection of two adjacent horizontal beams 2 of the rectangular support frame. The T-shaped bidirectional horizontal bubble meter 9 is used to detect the levelness of the two adjacent horizontal beams 2 respectively.

[0028] In this embodiment, each column 1 has an extension tube 10 slidably fitted at its bottom. The bottom end of the extension tube 10 is fixedly connected to a spike-shaped anchor rod. A tightening bolt 11 for fixing the column 1 and the extension tube 10 is installed on the side wall of the extension tube 10. By allowing the column 1 and the extension tube 10 to slide relative to each other, the height of the device can be adjusted. After the height adjustment is completed, the tightening bolt 11 can fix the column 1 and the extension tube 10 relative to each other, thereby avoiding relative sliding between the two during the measurement process and affecting the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0029] In this embodiment, the horizontal beam 2, column 1, support crossbar 3, and zeroing crossbar 4 are all made of PVC material.

[0030] The method of using this utility model is as follows:

[0031] Instructions for use: When conducting field measurements, first assemble all components and place them on the ground to be measured. Insert the anchor rod at the bottom of the extension tube into the soil to stabilize the measuring device. Adjust the height of the device by sliding the column and extension tube relative to each other and fix it with the tightening bolts. Observe the levelness using the T-shaped bidirectional bubble level on the horizontal beam and level the device accordingly. After leveling, begin the measurement. Move the support crossbar according to the measurement requirements, moving it a certain distance each time. After each movement, lift the zeroing crossbar and the measuring probe, and then let them fall naturally. This ensures that the bottom of each measuring probe contacts the ground surface. Since the ground surface has different heights at different locations, the final undulation of the measuring probe will also be different. At this time, the undulation of each measuring probe can be recorded by taking a picture. After measuring each transect, slide the support crossbar forward a certain distance to measure the next transect. Finally, indoors, use image processing software (Image-ProPlus, IPP) to calculate the height of different measuring probes relative to the zeroing crossbar, and use Surfer software to calculate the roughness value of the measured sample plot and draw a roughness point cloud map.

[0032] When measuring surface roughness, the surface roughness index selected in this invention is the grid surface roughness (Cz), which is recognized and used by scholars at home and abroad. This is a relatively good surface roughness index.

[0033] A grid cell refers to the area range on the horizontal projection surface of a raster DEM with four adjacent grid points (i, j), (i, j+1), (i+1, j+1), and (i+1, j) as vertices (i and j are the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the grid points, respectively).

[0034] Grid surface roughness refers to the surface area (S) on the DEM corresponding to the grid surface element. 表面积 mm 2 ) and its horizontal projected area (S 投影面积 mm 2 ) ratio.

[0035] Cz=S 表面积 / S 投影面积 (1)

[0036] When Cz=1, the roughness is minimal, and the actual surface of the lattice element is a horizontal plane. Specific Implementation Example 1

[0038] The portable surface roughness measuring device and method of this invention were used to measure the surface roughness of mobile sand dunes. Table 1 shows the number and frequency of measuring points at different depths on the surface of the mobile sand dunes. Figure 2 Point cloud plot drawn from measurement data.

[0039] Table 1. Number and frequency of measuring points at different depths on the surface of mobile sand dunes

[0040]

[0041] From Table 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that the surface undulation of the mobile sand dunes is relatively small, ranging from 0 to 3.9 cm, and all depth measurements conform to a normal distribution. Calculations of the surface area and projected area show that the surface area is 10038.62 cm². 2 The projected area is 10000cm² 2 The surface roughness of the surface element is Cz=1.004. Specific Implementation Example 2

[0043] The portable field surface roughness measuring device and method of this invention were used to measure the surface roughness within the grid of polylactic acid (PLA) fiber sandbag barriers on mobile sand dunes. Table 2 shows the number and frequency of measuring points at different depths within the PLA fiber sandbag barrier grid. Figure 3 Point cloud plot drawn from measurement data.

[0044] Table 2. Number and frequency of measuring points at different depths on the surface of the polylactic acid (PLA) fiber sandbag barrier.

[0045]

[0046] From Table 2 and Figure 3 It is known that after polylactic acid (PLA) fiber sandbags are laid as sand barriers on mobile dunes, a stable concave surface will form after a certain period of erosion. The depth of the concave surface ranges from 0 to 10.8 cm, and all depth measurements conform to a normal distribution. Calculations show that the surface area of ​​the mobile dunes after the PLA fiber sandbag sand barriers are laid is 10132.04 cm². 2 The projected area is 10000cm² 2 The surface roughness of the point element on the ground is Cz=1.013. Specific Implementation Example 3

[0048] The portable field surface roughness measuring device and method of this invention were used to measure the surface roughness within the polyethylene (PE) mesh sand barrier after it was laid on a mobile sand dune. Table 3 shows the number and frequency of measuring points at different depths within the PE mesh sand barrier. Figure 4 Point cloud plot drawn from measurement data.

[0049] Table 3. Number and frequency of measuring points at different depths on the surface of polyethylene (PE) mesh sand barrier grid.

[0050]

[0051] From Table 3 and Figure 4It is known that after PE mesh sand barriers are laid on the mobile sand dunes, a stable concave surface will form after a certain period of erosion. The depth of the concave surface ranges from 0 to 5.9 cm, and all depth measurements conform to a normal distribution. Calculations show that the surface area of ​​the mobile sand dunes after the PE mesh sand barriers are laid is 10080.42 cm². 2 The projected area is 10000cm² 2 The surface roughness of the surface element is Cz=1.008. Specific Implementation Example 4

[0053] The portable field surface roughness measuring device and method of this invention were used to measure the surface roughness of the land after chili harvest. Table 4 shows the number and frequency of measuring points at different depths on the cultivated land surface after chili harvest. Figure 5 Point cloud plot drawn from measurement data.

[0054] Table 4. Number and frequency of measuring points at different depths on the surface of cultivated land after chili harvest.

[0055]

[0056] From Table 4 and Figure 5 It can be seen that the surface undulation of the cultivated land after chili harvest is relatively small, ranging from 0 to 6.9 cm, and all depth measurements conform to a normal distribution. Calculations of the surface area and projected area show that the surface area is 10147.17 cm². 2 The projected area is 10000cm² 2 The surface roughness of the surface element is Cz=1.015. Specific Implementation Example 5

[0058] The portable field surface roughness measuring device and method of this invention were used to measure the surface roughness of the land after potato harvest. Table 5 shows the number and frequency of measuring points at different depths on the cultivated land surface after potato harvest. Figure 6 Point cloud plot drawn from measurement data.

[0059] Table 5. Number and frequency of measuring points at different depths on the surface of cultivated land after potato harvest.

[0060]

[0061] From Table 5 and Figure 6 It can be seen that the surface undulation of the cultivated land after potato harvest is relatively large, ranging from 0 to 18.5 cm, and all depth measurements conform to a normal distribution. Calculations of the surface area and projected area show that the surface area is 11290.62 cm². 2 The projected area is 10000cm² 2 The surface roughness of the point element on the ground is Cz=1.129.

[0062] Comparison of data from specific embodiments 1-5 shows that different degrees of human disturbance combined with natural wind erosion result in varying degrees of surface undulation and significant differences in surface roughness. Although mobile dunes experience substantial wind erosion, the resulting sand ripples exhibit relatively small undulations, resulting in a more uniform surface. The placement of sand barriers on the surface of mobile dunes effectively prevents sand movement. Under the protection of these barriers, a stable concave surface forms within the barrier grid after a certain period of wind erosion. The depth of this concave surface is closely related to surface smoothness, placement time, and the material used for the sand barriers. In sandy areas, the degree of surface disturbance varies considerably due to different crop harvesting methods. Harvesting chili peppers has little impact on the surface, while harvesting underground tubers of potatoes causes significant surface disturbance, resulting in the greatest surface undulation. These five embodiments clearly characterize the roughness features of different surfaces, consistent with our field observations.

[0063] In summary, the portable surface roughness measuring device and method provided in this invention enable rapid measurement of surface roughness under field conditions, followed by rapid calculation and mapping indoors. This invention features a simple structure, uses inexpensive and readily available materials, and has detachable components for easy portability. It is easy to install and operate in the field, saving time and effort, and provides accurate test results, making it an indispensable piece of equipment for field surface roughness measurement.

[0064] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and does not constitute any limitation on the technical scope of the present utility model. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A field-portable surface roughness measuring device, characterized by, Including rectangular support frame, stand, support crossbar, zeroing crossbar and measuring drill, the number of the stand is four and is installed at the bottom of the four corners of the rectangular support frame respectively, the rectangular support frame is composed of four horizontal beams, the two ends of the support crossbar are respectively connected with the two parallel horizontal beams of the rectangular support frame, the zeroing crossbar is located above the support crossbar, a plurality of through holes are formed on the support crossbar and the zeroing crossbar at equal intervals, the number of the measuring drill is several, the top end of the measuring drill is fixedly connected with the clamping block, the bottom end of the measuring drill passes through the through holes of the zeroing crossbar and the support crossbar from top to bottom and extends into the lower part of the support crossbar; The two horizontal beams and the corresponding stand are connected through the tee connector pipe, and one end of the two horizontal beams and the stand is respectively inserted into the three pipe mouths of the tee connector pipe. The two ends of the support crossbar are fixedly connected with the sleeves, and the two sleeves are respectively slidably sleeved on the two horizontal beams at the two ends of the support crossbar.

2. The field-portable surface roughness measuring device of claim 1, wherein, The two horizontal beams slidably connected with the two ends of the support crossbar are symmetrically provided with scale lines.

3. The field-portable surface roughness measuring device of claim 1, wherein, The connecting part of the two adjacent horizontal beams of the rectangular support frame is fixedly provided with a T-shaped two-way horizontal bubble instrument, and the T-shaped two-way horizontal bubble instrument is used for detecting the levelness of the two adjacent horizontal beams.

4. The field-portable surface roughness measuring device of claim 1, wherein, The bottom of each stand is slidably sleeved with an extension pipe, the bottom end of the extension pipe is fixedly connected with a sharp anchor rod, and a jacking bolt for fixing the stand and the extension pipe is installed on the side wall of the extension pipe.

5. The field-portable surface roughness measuring device of claim 1, wherein, The horizontal beam, the stand, the support crossbar and the zeroing crossbar are all made of PVC material.

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