Integrated water inlet tower for high-sand-content reservoir

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower, and discloses an integrated water inlet tower for a high-sand-content reservoir, which comprises a water supply hole water inlet runner module, a sand discharge hole water inlet runner module and a power generation hole water inlet runner module which are arranged in parallel, the water supply hole water inlet runner module is arranged on one side of the water inlet tower, and the water inlet elevation is arranged between the reservoir base elevation and the reservoir dead water level; the desilting hole water inlet flow channel module comprises a bottom desilting hole flow channel, and the water inlet bottom sill elevation of the bottom desilting hole flow channel is consistent with the reservoir base elevation; the power generation tunnel water inlet runner module comprises a plurality of water inlet units which are vertically arranged at intervals along the tower body of the water inlet tower, the elevation of bottom water inlets in the water inlet units is not higher than the dead water level of the reservoir, and the elevation of top water inlets is not higher than the normal water storage level of the reservoir. In a high-sand-content large reservoir hub, three functions are modularized in a layered mode and are integrally arranged into a water inlet tower structure, the occupied area and the work amount are reduced, and efficient sand discharging is ensured through the double-inlet sand discharging design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model discloses an integrated water intake tower for high sediment content reservoirs, belonging to the field of water conservancy and hydropower technology. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of water conservancy and hydropower technology, especially in the construction of high-sediment-content reservoirs, intake towers are typically required to meet multiple functional needs, including water supply, power generation, and sediment removal. Furthermore, regarding power generation and water supply, the power generation diversion tunnel has restrictions on the sediment passing through the turbines and needs to be coordinated with the sediment removal tunnel to ensure power generation efficiency and equipment safety. Simultaneously, to protect the downstream ecological environment, the water flow from the power generation diversion tunnel often contains ecological water, requiring the water intake of the diversion and power generation tunnel to be able to draw water in layers to fully utilize the relatively clean water resources in the upper layer of the reservoir. Similarly, the water supply tunnel also has strict requirements on sediment content and needs to be properly coordinated with the sediment removal tunnel to ensure water supply quality and stability.

[0003] The traditional approach is to set up separate water intake towers for power generation and deslagging tunnels, as well as water supply and deslagging tunnels, to accommodate different functional requirements.

[0004] However, this traditional separate layout approach presents numerous problems in high-sediment-laden reservoir projects. First, due to the characteristics of high dams and large reservoirs, as well as the unique environment of high sediment content, separate layouts require a significant amount of land, increasing the complexity and construction difficulty of the project. Second, to meet the different needs of water supply, power generation, and sediment discharge, two or more transportation routes and different construction roads need to be built, which not only increases project investment but also prolongs the construction period. Furthermore, separate layouts may lead to reduced efficiency in the coordinated operation of various systems, increasing operation and maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This utility model overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and proposes an integrated water intake tower for high sediment content reservoirs, including a water supply tunnel water intake channel module, a sand discharge tunnel water intake channel module and a power generation tunnel water intake channel module arranged in parallel.

[0006] The water supply tunnel inlet channel module is located on one side of the water intake tower, and its inlet elevation is set between the reservoir base elevation and the dead water level of the reservoir.

[0007] The sand discharge tunnel inlet channel module includes a bottom sand discharge tunnel channel. The elevation of the bottom sand discharge tunnel channel is lower than the inlet elevation of the water supply tunnel inlet channel module, and is also lower than the bottom inlet elevation of the power generation tunnel inlet channel module.

[0008] The power generation tunnel water inlet channel module includes multiple water inlet units arranged vertically at intervals along the water inlet tower body. The elevation of the bottom water inlet of the multiple water inlet units is not higher than the dead water level of the reservoir, and the elevation of the top water inlet is not higher than the normal water storage level of the reservoir.

[0009] Preferably, the bottom sand discharge tunnel includes a first sand discharge tunnel and a second sand discharge tunnel;

[0010] The first sand-drainage channel is located between the water supply tunnel inlet channel module and the power generation tunnel inlet channel module;

[0011] The second row of sand tunnels is vertically positioned directly below the power generation tunnel inlet channel module.

[0012] Preferably, the second row of sand tunnels is connected to the first row of sand tunnels inside the water intake tower.

[0013] Preferably, the plurality of water inlet units specifically include a plurality of power generation tunnel water inlet flow channels set at different elevations;

[0014] Each of the aforementioned power generation tunnel water inlet passages is equipped with an independently operable flow control mechanism.

[0015] Preferably, the water supply tunnel inlet channel module further includes a trash rack, a water supply tunnel maintenance gate, and a water supply tunnel emergency gate, arranged sequentially from upstream to downstream.

[0016] Preferably, the upstream sections of the inlets of the first and second sand tunnels are respectively equipped with maintenance gates for the first and second sand tunnels.

[0017] Preferably, the power generation tunnel inlet channel module further includes a trash rack, a flow control mechanism, and a power generation tunnel emergency gate, arranged sequentially from upstream to downstream.

[0018] Preferably, the downstream section of the bottom sand discharge tunnel is equipped with a sand discharge tunnel emergency gate.

[0019] Preferably, the bottom inlet elevation of the power generation tunnel water inlet channel module is the same as the inlet elevation of the water supply tunnel water inlet channel module.

[0020] Preferably, the dimensions of the water intake tower have been verified by hydraulic model tests to meet the stress and flow requirements.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0022] This invention, applied to large-scale reservoirs with high sediment content, employs a layered, modular, and integrated arrangement of the power generation tunnel intake channel module, water supply tunnel intake channel module, and sediment discharge tunnel intake channel module into a single intake tower structure. This reduces the land area and engineering workload, avoids the need to construct multiple independent intake towers, significantly lowers civil engineering and equipment investment, and ensures operational efficiency. The dual-inlet sediment discharge design of the sediment discharge channel guarantees the normal operation of water diversion for power generation and water supply. Through intelligent scheduling of water supply, power generation, and sediment discharge, efficient and coordinated operation of each function is achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a composite plan view of the integrated water inlet tower in this embodiment of the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a composite longitudinal section schematic diagram of the integrated water inlet tower in this embodiment of the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic plan view of the sand discharge channel in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the upstream elevation in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0027] 1. Integrated intake tower; 2. Power generation tunnel intake channel module; 21. Lower working gate of power generation tunnel; 22. Middle working gate of power generation tunnel; 23. Upper working gate of power generation tunnel; 24. Emergency gate of power generation tunnel; 3. Sand discharge tunnel intake channel module; 31. Maintenance gate of first sand discharge tunnel channel; 32. Maintenance gate of second sand discharge tunnel channel; 33. Emergency gate of sand discharge tunnel; 4. Water supply tunnel intake channel module; 41. Maintenance gate of water supply tunnel; 42. Emergency gate of water supply tunnel; 5. Trash rack. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0029] Tower-type intakes, also known as intake towers, are widely used in water conservancy projects such as reservoirs, rivers, and hydropower stations. They are an important component of these projects. A tower-shaped structure erected in the reservoir is built at the head of a hydraulic tunnel or buried pipe downstream of a dam. It contains gates to control water flow and is a type of deep intake. It mainly includes an intake bell-shaped inlet, an intake tower, a gate chamber, vents, a pressure equalization pipe, and a transition section after the gate. The gates are usually located at the bottom of the tower to control the inflow and outflow of water. The top of the tower houses the operating platform and the gate hoisting machine room for easy operation and maintenance. The location of the functional intake should adapt to changes in the reservoir water level to ensure normal water intake at different levels. In high-sediment-laden reservoirs, to protect the downstream ecological environment, the upper reservoir water is often used for power generation. Therefore, the power generation water intake tunnel usually adopts a stratified water intake scheme and is arranged in conjunction with the sediment discharge tunnel. Similarly, the water supply tunnel also has strict requirements on sediment content and therefore needs to be coordinated with the sediment discharge tunnel.

[0030] In view of this, this application proposes an integrated intake tower 1 for high sediment content reservoirs, aiming to further optimize the above-mentioned functional requirements, improve water intake efficiency and water quality management, while simplifying the structure and reducing costs. Combined with Figures 1-4 As shown, this embodiment is specifically as follows:

[0031] An integrated intake tower 1 for a high sediment content reservoir includes a water supply tunnel intake channel module 4, a sediment discharge tunnel intake channel module 3, and a power generation tunnel intake channel module 2 arranged in parallel. The water supply tunnel intake channel module 4 is located on one side of the integrated intake tower 1, and its inlet elevation is set between the reservoir base elevation and the dead water level of the reservoir. The sediment discharge tunnel intake channel module 3 includes a bottom sediment discharge tunnel, the elevation of which is lower than the inlet elevation of the water supply tunnel intake channel module 4 and also lower than the bottom inlet elevation of the power generation tunnel intake channel module 2. The power generation tunnel intake channel module 2 includes multiple intake units arranged vertically at intervals along the tower body. The bottom inlet elevation of the multiple intake units is not higher than the dead water level of the reservoir and is higher than the sediment discharge channel, and the top inlet elevation is not higher than the normal water level of the reservoir.

[0032] Specifically, this invention integrates three modules—the water supply tunnel inlet channel module 4, the sand discharge tunnel inlet channel module 3, and the power generation tunnel inlet channel module 2—into a single tower structure. This centralized arrangement, zoned deployment, and coordinated operation address the siltation prevention requirements of high-sediment-content reservoirs, meeting their multi-functional needs and saving on project investment. Furthermore, this invention positions the water supply tunnel inlet channel module 4 and the power generation tunnel inlet channel module 2 on either side of the sand discharge tunnel inlet channel module 3, i.e., on either side of the integrated water intake tower 1. This ensures stable water flow and minimal flow interference when the water supply tunnel inlet channel module 4 and the power generation tunnel inlet channel module 2 are operating simultaneously.

[0033] In this embodiment, the bottom sand discharge tunnel includes a first sand discharge tunnel and a second sand discharge tunnel; the first sand discharge tunnel is located between the water supply tunnel inlet channel module 4 and the power generation tunnel inlet channel module 2; the second sand discharge tunnel is vertically located directly below the power generation tunnel inlet channel module 2.

[0034] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the bottom sand discharge tunnel includes a first sand discharge tunnel and a second sand discharge tunnel. Both sand discharge tunnels are located on the same horizontal plane, that is, the two sand discharge tunnels are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, and the inlets of the two sand discharge tunnels are simultaneously lower than the inlet elevation of the water supply tunnel inlet module 4 and the bottom inlet elevation of the power generation tunnel inlet module 2. In addition, the first sand discharge tunnel is located in the horizontal direction between the water supply tunnel inlet module 4 and the power generation tunnel inlet module 2, while the second sand discharge tunnel is located directly below the power generation tunnel inlet module 2.

[0035] This invention addresses the characteristics of sediment distribution by placing the sediment discharge tunnel at the bottom layer. The power generation tunnel intake module 2 and the water supply tunnel intake module 4 are located above the sediment discharge tunnel. Through elevation differences and the control of the maintenance gate of the water supply tunnel intake and the working gate of the power generation tunnel intake, high-sediment-laden water is preferentially discharged through the bottom sediment discharge tunnel. The power generation tunnel intake and water supply tunnel intakes then draw water from the middle and upper layers of low-sediment-laden water when the sediment content of the water reaches their respective intake requirements. This arrangement forcibly guides the bottom sediment into the sediment discharge tunnel, effectively preventing sediment accumulation at the intake gates of the power generation and water supply tunnels. The intake unit of the power generation tunnel intake module, through vertical stratified water intake combined with the sediment interception effect of the bottom layer of the sediment discharge tunnel, reduces the sediment content of the water flowing through the turbine, thus reducing turbine wear. Meanwhile, the sand-draining tunnel continuously discharges bottom silt, maintaining the siltation elevation in the area in front of the water inlet of the power generation tunnel and water supply tunnel, thus meeting the "front-door clearing" operation requirements.

[0036] In this embodiment, the second row of sand tunnels and the first row of sand tunnels are connected within the integrated water intake tower 1.

[0037] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the second sand discharge channel is connected to the first sand discharge channel within the integrated intake tower 1, and discharges through a single outlet. The dual-inlet design of the sand discharge channel precisely meets the sand discharge requirements, reduces the sand discharge pressure of a single inlet, and further ensures the sand discharge requirements of the power generation tunnel intake channel module 2 and the water supply tunnel intake channel module 4. In addition, the sand discharge channels converge at a single outlet within the tower, facilitating the installation of equipment such as water level gauges, flow meters, and sediment monitoring instruments to monitor the operation status of the sand discharge channel in real time.

[0038] In this embodiment, the power generation tunnel water inlet channel module 2 includes multiple water inlet units arranged vertically at intervals along the integrated water intake tower 1. The elevation of the bottom water inlet of each water inlet unit is not higher than the dead water level of the reservoir, and the elevation of the top water inlet is not higher than the normal water storage level of the reservoir. The multi-layer water inlet unit specifically includes multiple power generation tunnel water inlet flow channels set at different elevations; the water inlet of each power generation tunnel water inlet flow channel is equipped with an independently openable and closable flow control mechanism.

[0039] In order to meet the water intake requirements, the water intake unit in the traditional power generation tunnel water intake channel module 2 generally has a low water intake elevation, resulting in low water temperature. In order to mitigate the adverse effects of low temperature water on the downstream ecological environment, the water intake usually adopts a multi-layer water intake form or a stacked beam gate form composed of multiple gate units, so as to give priority to the use of surface water with higher temperature and improve the ecological efficiency of power generation.

[0040] Specifically, in high-dam, large-scale, high-sediment-laden reservoirs with large drawdown depths, the power generation tunnel intake channel module is equipped with multiple intake units arranged vertically at intervals along the intake tower body according to the range of reservoir water level changes. The multi-layer intake unit specifically includes multiple power generation tunnel intake flow channels set at different elevations; each power generation tunnel intake flow channel is equipped with an independently openable and closed flow control mechanism at its inlet.

[0041] The aforementioned stratified water intake method has the advantages of flexible control with the reservoir, simple operation, and convenient operation and management when applied to reservoirs with high sediment content. For example... Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, three water intake channels at different elevations are selected for stratified water intake. Specifically, these include a bottom inlet, a middle inlet, and a top inlet. Each inlet is equipped with a working gate as an independently openable and closable flow control mechanism. In this embodiment, these are a lower working gate 21, a middle working gate 22, and an upper working gate 23, ensuring high-quality water flow at both low and high water levels. The working gates are used to regulate the water flow entering the turbine, ensuring stable generator operation. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the elevation of the bottom inlet is not higher than the dead water level of the reservoir, ensuring that the inlet of the power generation tunnel water intake channel module is a pressure inlet at the lowest water level. In addition, the elevation of the bottom inlet is higher than that of the bottom sediment discharge channel.

[0042] In this embodiment, as Figure 2As shown, the water supply tunnel inlet channel module 4 also includes a trash rack 5, a water supply tunnel maintenance gate 41, and a water supply tunnel emergency gate 42, arranged sequentially from upstream to downstream. The trash rack 5 is used to intercept floating objects (such as branches, plastic bags, etc.) and impurities in the water flow, preventing them from entering the water supply system and protecting downstream equipment and pipelines from blockage or damage. The water supply tunnel maintenance gate 41 is located downstream of the trash rack 5 and is used for inspection or maintenance of the water supply tunnel and its equipment when necessary. It allows for safe internal inspection or repair work while closed. The water supply tunnel emergency gate 42 is located at the rear of the water supply tunnel and is mainly used for rapid closure in case of emergencies (such as pipe rupture, leakage, etc.) to cut off the water flow, prevent the accident from escalating, and protect downstream equipment and personnel. The emergency gate can close quickly and reliably under flowing water conditions (i.e., when the water flow has not completely stopped).

[0043] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, the power generation tunnel intake channel module 2 also includes a trash rack 5, a flow control mechanism, and a power generation tunnel emergency gate 24, arranged sequentially from upstream to downstream. The trash rack 5 in this channel is also used to intercept floating debris and impurities in the water flow, protecting the power generation water intake system from blockage or damage. Located downstream of the trash rack is the main control gate of the power generation water intake tunnel. The flow control mechanism, i.e., the working gate, is also used to completely close the flow control mechanism when the power generation tunnel emergency gate 24 needs maintenance, cutting off the water flow and protecting personnel and equipment safety. The power generation tunnel emergency gate 24 is located in the rear section of the power generation tunnel intake channel and functions similarly to the emergency gates of the water supply tunnel and sand discharge tunnel, used for rapid closure in emergencies to prevent the accident from escalating.

[0044] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, the upstream sections of the inlets of the first and second sand tunnels are respectively equipped with maintenance gates 31 and 32 for the first and second sand tunnels.

[0045] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, a sand discharge tunnel emergency gate 33 is installed in the downstream section of the bottom sand discharge tunnel channel. Since the main function of the sand discharge tunnel is to flush and remove silt from the reservoir, it is usually not equipped with a trash rack to avoid clogging and affecting the flushing effect. The first sand discharge tunnel channel maintenance gate 31 and the second sand discharge tunnel channel maintenance gate 32 are located in the upstream section of their respective sand discharge tunnel channels, used for inspection or maintenance of the sand discharge tunnel and emergency gates when necessary. Similar to the maintenance gates in the water supply tunnel, they also allow safe internal work while closed. The sand discharge tunnel emergency gate 33 is located in the downstream section of the sand discharge tunnel and functions the same as the emergency gate in the water supply tunnel, used for rapid closure in emergencies to cut off water flow and protect downstream equipment and personnel.

[0046] In this embodiment, the bottom inlet elevation of the power generation tunnel inlet channel module 2 is the same as the inlet elevation of the water supply tunnel inlet channel module 4.

[0047] Specifically, to ensure that the water supply module can still supply water normally when it is below the dead water level of the reservoir, the inlet of the water supply tunnel inlet channel module 4 is a pressure inlet, and the elevation of the inlet of the water supply tunnel inlet channel module 4 is below the dead water level. In addition, to ensure that the water flow is stable when the water supply tunnel inlet channel module 4 and the power generation tunnel inlet channel module 2 are working at the same time, the elevation of the inlet of the water supply tunnel inlet channel module 4 is set to be consistent with the elevation of the bottom inlet of the power generation tunnel inlet channel module 2.

[0048] In this embodiment, the dimensions of the integrated water intake tower 1 have been verified by hydraulic model tests and meet the stress and flow requirements.

[0049] Specifically, in this embodiment, the structural dimensions of each module of the intake tower are calculated using three-dimensional finite element methods, and hydraulic model tests are conducted to verify whether the structural dimensions of the intake tower and the hydraulic conditions of each inlet meet the stress and flow requirements. If not, the dimensions are adjusted until the stress and flow requirements are met.

[0050] This invention, applied to large-scale reservoirs with high sediment content, employs a layered, modular, and integrated intake tower structure, combining the power generation tunnel intake channel module 2, the water supply tunnel intake channel module 4, and the sediment discharge tunnel intake channel module 3. This reduces the land area and engineering workload, avoids the need for constructing multiple independent intake towers, significantly lowers civil engineering and equipment investment, and ensures operational efficiency. The bottom sediment discharge tunnel features a dual-inlet sediment discharge design, guaranteeing the normal operation of water diversion for power generation and water supply. Intelligent scheduling of water supply, power generation, and sediment discharge enables highly efficient and coordinated operation of all functions.

[0051] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An integrated intake tower for a high-sediment reservoir, characterized in that, The water supply hole water inlet flow channel module, the desilting hole water inlet flow channel module and the power generation hole water inlet flow channel module are arranged side by side. The water supply hole water inlet flow channel module is arranged on one side of the water inlet tower, and the water inlet of the water supply hole water inlet flow channel module is arranged at an elevation between the reservoir bottom elevation and the reservoir dead water level. The bottom desilting hole flow channel of the desilting hole water inlet flow channel module is arranged at an elevation lower than the water inlet elevation of the water supply hole water inlet flow channel module and the bottom water inlet elevation of the power generation hole water inlet flow channel module. The power generation hole water inlet flow channel module comprises a plurality of water inlet units arranged vertically along the tower body of the water inlet tower, and the bottom water inlet of the plurality of water inlet units is arranged at an elevation not higher than the reservoir dead water level, and the top water inlet is arranged at an elevation not higher than the reservoir normal water level.

2. The integrated intake tower of claim 1, wherein, The bottom desilting hole flow channel comprises a first desilting hole flow channel and a second desilting hole flow channel. The first desilting hole flow channel is arranged between the water supply hole water inlet flow channel module and the power generation hole water inlet flow channel module. The second desilting hole flow channel is vertically arranged directly below the power generation hole water inlet flow channel module.

3. The integrated intake tower of claim 2, wherein, The second desilting hole flow channel and the first desilting hole flow channel are in communication in the tower body of the water inlet tower.

4. The integrated intake tower of claim 1, wherein, The plurality of water inlet units specifically comprises a plurality of power generation hole water inlet flow passages arranged at different elevations. The water inlets of the plurality of power generation hole water inlet flow passages are provided with independently openable and closable flow control mechanisms.

5. The integrated intake tower of claim 1, wherein, The water supply hole water inlet flow channel module further comprises, from upstream to downstream, a trash rack, a water supply hole maintenance gate and a water supply hole emergency gate.

6. The integrated intake tower of claim 2, wherein, The upstream sections of the water inlets of the first desilting hole flow channel and the second desilting hole flow channel are respectively provided with a first desilting hole flow channel maintenance gate and a second desilting hole flow channel maintenance gate.

7. The integrated intake tower of claim 4, wherein, The power generation hole water inlet flow channel module further comprises, from upstream to downstream, a trash rack, a flow control mechanism and a power generation hole emergency gate.

8. The integrated intake tower of claim 2, wherein, The downstream section of the bottom desilting hole flow channel is provided with a desilting hole emergency gate.

9. The integrated intake tower of claim 1, wherein, The bottom water inlet elevation of the power generation hole water inlet flow channel module is consistent with the water inlet elevation of the water supply hole water inlet flow channel module.

10. The integrated intake tower of any of claims 1-9, wherein, The size of the water inlet tower is verified by a hydraulic model test and meets the stress and flow state requirements.

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