Antenna, antenna array and communication device

Abstract

The utility model provides an antenna, an antenna array and communication equipment. The antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate and a third dielectric substrate which are stacked in sequence, the third dielectric substrate is provided with a first surface and a second surface, and the second surface is closer to the second dielectric substrate; the first radiation electrode and the second radiation electrode are respectively arranged on the first surface side and the second surface side; the frequencies of electromagnetic waves radiated by the first radiation electrode and the second radiation electrode are different; the feed structure is arranged on one side, deviating from the third dielectric substrate, of the second dielectric substrate; the feed structure is electrically connected with the second radiation electrode; the second radiation electrode is provided with a slit opening penetrating in the thickness direction of the second radiation electrode, and the feed structure is electrically connected with the first radiation electrode through the slit opening; the reference electrode is arranged on one side, deviating from the second dielectric substrate, of the first dielectric substrate; any one of the first radiation electrode, the second radiation electrode and the feed structure is overlapped with the orthographic projection of the reference electrode on the first dielectric substrate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of communication technology, specifically relating to an antenna, an antenna array, and a communication device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, base station antennas, as the core physical carrier for wireless signal transmission and reception and spatial coverage, directly affect network capacity, signal transmission speed, and user experience. Modern communication systems require base stations to support multiple frequency bands simultaneously, driving improvements in base station antennas towards multi-frequency and multi-polarization. However, the wideband design of base station antennas significantly increases their structural complexity. Therefore, the compact design of antenna systems has become a key technological bottleneck restricting the energy efficiency and flexibility of communication equipment.

[0003] Current mainstream dual-band dual-polarization base station antennas typically employ a shared reflector integrated design. This involves mounting dual-polarization elements for both high-frequency (e.g., 3.5 GHz) and low-frequency (e.g., 1.8 GHz) bands side-by-side on the same side of a metal reflector. Each band's element consists of two pairs of orthogonal dipole elements, achieving dual-polarization characteristics, for example, through ±45° cross-feeding, enabling the antenna to simultaneously support independent transmission of two polarizations. Such antennas, by sharing a reflector and feeding network, can achieve independent beamforming for two frequency bands within a single physical aperture, meeting the multi-band operational requirements of communication equipment. However, the use of side-by-side or staggered arrangement of high and low frequency elements results in an excessively large lateral dimension. This large physical size restricts the space utilization of communication equipment in densely populated urban environments and may lead to beam pointing deviations in multiple frequency bands. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a miniaturized base station antenna to meet the demands of the rapidly developing communications industry. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. On one hand, it provides an antenna, characterized in that it comprises a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, and a third dielectric substrate stacked sequentially; the third dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface, the second surface being closer to the second dielectric substrate; the antenna further comprises: a first radiating electrode and a second radiating electrode, respectively disposed on the first surface side and the second surface side; the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first radiating electrode and the second radiating electrode have different frequencies; a feeding structure disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate opposite to the third dielectric substrate; the feeding structure is electrically connected to the second radiating electrode; the second radiating electrode has a slit opening extending along its thickness direction, and the feeding structure is electrically connected to the first radiating electrode through the slit opening; a reference electrode disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the second dielectric substrate; any one of the first radiating electrode, the second radiating electrode, and the feeding structure overlaps with the orthographic projection of the reference electrode onto the first dielectric substrate.

[0005] In some alternative embodiments, the feeding structure includes a first feed line and a second feed line, and the feeding directions of the first feed line and the second feed line are different; the slit opening includes a first slit opening and a second slit opening; the first feed line is coupled to the second radiating electrode and is coupled to the first radiating electrode through the first slit opening; the second feed line is coupled to the second radiating electrode and is coupled to the first radiating electrode through the second slit opening.

[0006] In some alternative embodiments, the extension directions of the first slit opening and the second slit opening are orthogonal.

[0007] In some optional embodiments, both the first slit opening and the second slit opening include a first sub-opening, a second sub-opening, and a third sub-opening; for the first slit opening, the first sub-opening extends along a first direction, the second sub-opening and the third sub-opening extend along a second direction, and the second sub-opening and the third sub-opening are respectively connected to both ends of the first sub-opening; for the second slit opening, the first sub-opening extends along a third direction, the second sub-opening and the third sub-opening extend along a fourth direction, and the second sub-opening and the third sub-opening are respectively connected to both ends of the first sub-opening; the first direction and the third direction are orthogonal.

[0008] In some alternative embodiments, the first feed line includes a first sub-feed line and a second sub-feed line, and the second feed line includes a third sub-feed line and a fourth sub-feed line; the orthographic projections of the first sub-feed line and the second sub-feed line on the first dielectric substrate overlap with the orthographic projection of the first slit opening on the first dielectric substrate; the orthographic projections of the third sub-feed line and the fourth sub-feed line on the first dielectric substrate overlap with the orthographic projection of the second slit opening on the first dielectric substrate.

[0009] In some alternative embodiments, the first radiating electrode has a first perforation extending through its thickness direction.

[0010] In some alternative embodiments, the first cutout portion includes a plurality of clockwise arranged sub-cutout portions; any two of the plurality of sub-cutout portions are rotationally symmetrical.

[0011] In some alternative embodiments, a guiding structure is also included on the side of the first radiating electrode opposite to the first dielectric substrate; the guiding structure, the first radiating electrode, and the second radiating electrode overlap in their orthogonal projections on the first dielectric substrate.

[0012] In some alternative embodiments, the guiding structure includes a main body and four branches connected to the main body; each of the branches and the other three branches are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the main body.

[0013] In some alternative embodiments, the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate are made of polycarbonate.

[0014] In some alternative embodiments, any one of the first radiating electrode, the second radiating electrode, the feed structure, and the reference electrode is a conductive mesh.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an antenna array, including a carrier substrate and a plurality of antennas as described in any embodiment of the first aspect; the plurality of antenna arrays are arranged on the carrier substrate.

[0016] Thirdly, this utility model provides a communication device that includes the antenna array described in the second aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a base station antenna in related technologies.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a nested high- and low-frequency oscillators in a related technology.

[0019] Figure 3This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the antenna provided in this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The exploded view of the antenna structure shown.

[0021] Figure 5 for Figure 3 The image shows a cross-sectional view of the antenna.

[0022] Figure 6 for Figure 3 The antenna shown is viewed from above.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a two-point power supply structure.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another type of slit opening.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a four-point power supply structure.

[0026] Figure 10 The curve shows the polarization isolation of the antenna when using a two-point feeding structure.

[0027] Figure 11 This is the polarization isolation curve of the antenna when using a four-point feed structure.

[0028] Figure 12 This is an example of the shape of the first hollowed-out section.

[0029] Figure 13 This is another example of the shape of the first hollow section.

[0030] Figure 14 This is another example of the shape of the first hollowed-out section.

[0031] Figure 15 This is the first example of a directional structure.

[0032] Figure 16 This is the second example of a directional structure.

[0033] Figure 17 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of another antenna provided in this disclosure.

[0034] Figure 18 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of another antenna provided in this disclosure.

[0035] Figure 19 for Figure 3 The simulation curve of the reflection coefficient S11 of the antenna shown is shown.

[0036] Figure 20 for Figure 3The simulation results of the radiation pattern of the antenna shown.

[0037] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0038] 1. Reflector; 2. Side plate; 3. First vibrator; 4. Second vibrator; 5. Sleeve; 6. Support; 7. Mounting plate; 100. First dielectric substrate; 200. Second dielectric substrate; 300. Third dielectric substrate; 50. Second radiating electrode; 40. Feed structure; 60. First radiating electrode; 80. Reference electrode; 41. First feed line; 42. Second feed line; 90. Slit opening; 91. First slit opening; 92. Second slit opening; 911 / 921. First sub-opening; 912 / 922. Second sub-opening; 913 / 923, Third sub-opening; 411, First sub-feedline; 412, Second sub-feedline; 421, Third sub-feedline; 422, Fourth sub-feedline; 62, First hollow section; 621, First sub-hollow section; 622, Second sub-hollow section; 623, Third sub-hollow section; 624, Fourth sub-hollow section; 622a, First opening; 622b, Second opening; 622c, Third opening; 70, Guiding structure; 71, Main body; 721, First branch; 722, Second branch; 723, Third branch; 724, Fourth branch. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an,” “a,” or “the,” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “including,” “comprising,” or “containing,” and similar terms mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms “connected,” “linked,” or similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right,” etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described objects changes.

[0041] As used herein, “parallel” and “perpendicular” include the described situation and situations that are similar to the described situation, within an acceptable range of deviation, which is determined by those skilled in the art taking into account the measurement under discussion and the error associated with the measurement of a particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “parallel” includes absolute parallelism and approximate parallelism, where an acceptable range of deviation for approximate parallelism may be, for example, within 5°; “perpendicular” includes absolute perpendicularity and approximate perpendicularity, where an acceptable range of deviation for approximate perpendicularity may also be, for example, within 5°.

[0042] It should be understood that when a layer or element is referred to as being on another layer or substrate, it can mean that the layer or element is directly on the other layer or substrate, or that there is an intermediate layer between the layer or element and the other layer or substrate.

[0043] In this article, "electrical connection" includes the situation where constituent elements are connected together by a component that has a certain electrical function. There are no particular restrictions on the "component that has a certain electrical function" as long as it enables the transmission and reception of electrical signals between the connected constituent elements. Examples of "components that have a certain electrical function" include not only electrodes and wiring, but also switching elements such as transistors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, and other components with various functions.

[0044] This document describes exemplary embodiments with reference to sectional views and / or plan views, which are idealized exemplary drawings. In the drawings, the thickness of layers and regions is enlarged for clarity. Therefore, variations in shape relative to the drawings are contemplated due to, for example, manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Therefore, exemplary embodiments should not be construed as limited to the shapes of the regions shown herein, but rather include shape deviations due to, for example, manufacturing processes. Thus, the regions shown in the drawings are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to show the actual shapes of the regions of the device, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a base station antenna in related technologies. For example... Figure 1As shown, this type of base station antenna includes a reflector 1, side plates 2 located on both sides of the reflector 1 and connected to the reflector 1, and multiple radiating elements disposed on the reflector 1, with each radiating element located between two side plates 2. To enable the base station antenna to simultaneously support signal transmission across multiple frequency bands and improve signal reliability and stability, a common radiating element includes both a first element 3 and a second element 4. The operating frequency of the first element 3 is lower than that of the second element; for example, the operating frequency of the first element 3 is 1.8 GHz, and the operating frequency of the second element 4 is 3.5 GHz. Therefore, this paper refers to the first element 3 as the low-frequency element 3 and the second element 4 as the high-frequency element 4. Furthermore, both the first element 3 and the second element 4 are dual-polarized antennas, which enhances antenna coverage and capacity, and improves signal stability.

[0046] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that Figure 1 The number of low-frequency and high-frequency vibrators shown is merely illustrative. Actual base station antennas typically employ low-frequency vibrator arrays and high-frequency vibrator arrays. In other words, both the high-frequency and low-frequency vibrators in the array are installed on the same side of the reflector 1. This results in a larger and heavier overall size for the base station antenna, making it difficult to apply in high-density urban communication scenarios.

[0047] In order to Figure 1 The miniaturization of the base station antenna shown in the figure is achieved through a high- and low-frequency oscillator nesting design scheme proposed in related technologies. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a nested high- and low-frequency oscillators, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, this type of base station antenna still includes a reflector 1, side plates 2, a support member 6, a low-frequency vibrator 3, a high-frequency vibrator 4, and a mounting plate 7. The two side plates 2 are located on opposite sides of the reflector 1 and connected to it. The support member 6 is mounted on the reflector 1. The low-frequency vibrator 3 is located on the side of the support member 6 facing away from the reflector 1. This low-frequency vibrator 3 has a bowl-shaped structure, and the mounting plate 7 is disposed inside the bowl-shaped structure. A sleeve 5 is provided on the mounting plate 7, and the sleeve 5 has a mounting chamber for mounting the high-frequency vibrator 4. The high-frequency vibrator 4 is nested inside the bowl-shaped low-frequency vibrator 3 through the sleeve 5 and the mounting plate 7.

[0048] While nesting high- and low-frequency vibrators can effectively reduce the size of base station antennas, it still presents the following technical problems: 1. In actual manufacturing, to improve the installation stability of the high- and low-frequency vibrators, multiple additional components are needed for support, clamping, or limiting, making the nested high- and low-frequency vibrator structure very complex. 2. Due to the close proximity of the high- and low-frequency vibrators, the isolation between them deteriorates sharply, severely affecting the antenna's radiation performance. 3. The nested high- and low-frequency design often introduces a high passive intermodulation (PIM) value to the base station antenna due to the welding process. Specifically, the nested high- and low-frequency vibrators require welding to connect parts of the high-frequency and low-frequency vibrators. The welding points are prone to nonlinear contact due to differences in material thermal expansion coefficients or process defects, leading to uneven current distribution. Especially when multiple frequency signals are superimposed, the small nonlinear effects at the welding interface can significantly amplify the third-order intermodulation products, causing the PIM value to exceed the industry threshold and limiting the performance of the base station antenna.

[0049] To address at least one of the technical problems in related technologies, this disclosure provides an antenna, an antenna array, and a communication device. The antenna, antenna array, and communication device provided in this disclosure will now be described in sequence with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the antenna provided in this disclosure; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Exploded view of the antenna shown; Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the antenna shown. Figure 6 yes Figure 3 The antenna shown is viewed from above.

[0051] Reference Figures 3-6The antenna provided in this disclosure includes a first dielectric substrate 100, a second dielectric substrate 200, and a third dielectric substrate 300 stacked sequentially. The third dielectric substrate 300 has a first surface S1 and a second surface S2, with the second surface S2 closer to the second dielectric substrate 200. The antenna also includes a first radiating electrode 60, a second radiating electrode 50, a feeding structure 40, and a reference electrode 80. The first radiating electrode 60 and the second radiating electrode 50 are respectively disposed on the first surface S1 side and the second surface S2 side, and the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first radiating electrode 60 and the second radiating electrode 50 have different frequencies. For example, the first radiating electrode 60 and the second radiating electrode 50 both operate in the Sub-6GHz band (e.g., 1GHz-6GHz), and the operating frequency of the first radiating electrode 60 is lower than the operating frequency of the second radiating electrode 50. The feeding structure 40 is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 200 facing away from the third dielectric substrate 300, and the feeding structure 40 is electrically connected to the second radiating electrode 50. Specifically, the second radiating electrode 50 has a slit opening extending through its thickness direction, and the feeding structure 40 can be electrically connected to the first radiating electrode 60 through the slit opening on the second radiating electrode 50. The reference electrode 80 is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 100 opposite to the second dielectric substrate 200, and any one of the first radiating electrode 60, the second radiating electrode 50, and the feeding structure 40 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the reference electrode 80 on the first dielectric substrate 100.

[0052] The first radiating electrode mentioned above can also be called a low-frequency radiating element, and the second radiating electrode can be called a high-frequency radiating element. The antenna provided in this disclosure, by separately disposing the low-frequency and high-frequency radiating elements on two surfaces of the third dielectric substrate 300, and simultaneously placing the feed structure 40 on the side of the second dielectric substrate 200 facing away from the third dielectric substrate 300, and electrically connecting the feed structure 40 to the low-frequency radiating element through the slit opening of the high-frequency radiating element, can produce at least the following beneficial effects: 1. The antenna provided in this disclosure adopts a multi-layer stacked structure, which can achieve zero welding of the high and low frequency radiating elements. The solderless structure can significantly improve the PIM value of the antenna, thereby improving signal quality and communication reliability. 2. The antenna provided in this disclosure can flexibly combine radiating elements of different frequency bands according to actual needs, thereby broadening the antenna's bandwidth and application scenarios.

[0053] Next, the feeding structure and feeding method of the antenna provided in this disclosure will be described in detail.

[0054] Figure 7 This is an exemplary structure of a power supply structure. For example... Figure 7As shown, the feeding structure 40 includes a first feed line 41 and a second feed line 42, with the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 having different feeding directions. Correspondingly, the slit opening 90 includes a first slit opening 91 and a second slit opening 92. The first feed line 41 is coupled to the second radiating electrode 50 and is coupled to the first radiating electrode 60 through the first slit opening 91; similarly, the second feed line 42 is coupled to the second radiating electrode 50 and is coupled to the first radiating electrode 60 through the second slit opening 92.

[0055] In other words, the antenna provided in this disclosure does not require welding or other methods to connect the feeding structure 40 and the high- and low-frequency radiating elements. Specifically, the feeding structure 40 can feed the high-frequency radiating element through proximity coupling, and feed the low-frequency radiating element through aperture coupling via a slit opening 90 on the high-frequency radiating element. This avoids the problem of low antenna transmission efficiency caused by increased PIM value due to welding points. It should be noted that the different feeding directions of the first feed line 91 or the second feed line 92 in this paper refer to different feeding points. Figure 7 For example, the different feeding directions of the first feed line 91 or the second feed line 92 are specifically manifested in the following way: the line connecting the feed point of the first feed line 91 (not shown in the figure, referring to the location where the first feed line 91 injects energy into the high and low frequency radiating elements) and the center O1 of the second radiating electrode 50 intersects with the line connecting the feed point of the second feed line 92 (not shown in the figure, referring to the location where the second feed line 92 injects energy into the high and low frequency radiating elements) and the center O1 of the second radiating electrode 50. In this case, the antenna provided by this disclosure can radiate electromagnetic waves with two polarizations, such as electromagnetic waves polarized at ±45°, or electromagnetic waves polarized at 0° and 90°. This can broaden the spectral efficiency by expanding the polarization dimension, and improve the antenna's anti-interference capability, stability, and signal utilization.

[0056] In some examples, the first slit opening 91 and the second slit opening 92 can be as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the extension directions of the two slits are orthogonal to each other, forming a cross-shaped opening. Of course, the first slit opening 91 and the second slit opening 92 can also be other shapes. Figure 8 Another exemplary shape for a slit opening, such as Figure 8As shown, both the first slit opening 91 and the second slit opening 92 include a first sub-opening 911 / 921, a second sub-opening 912 / 922, and a third sub-opening 913 / 923. For the first slit opening 91, the first sub-opening 911 extends along a first direction, and the second sub-opening 912 and the third sub-opening 913 extend along a second direction, with the second sub-opening 912 and the third sub-opening 913 respectively connected to both ends of the first sub-opening 911. For the second slit opening 92, the first sub-opening 921 extends along a third direction, and the second sub-opening 922 and the third sub-opening 923 extend along a fourth direction, with the second sub-opening 922 and the third sub-opening 923 respectively connected to both ends of the first sub-opening 921. Specifically, the third direction is the same as the second direction, the fourth direction is the same as the first direction, and the first and second directions are orthogonal. That is, the slit opening can be... Figure 7 The cross-shaped opening shown can also be Figure 8 The H-shaped opening shown illustrates that both types of slit openings can enable dual polarization of the antenna. However, the H-shaped opening, due to its complex shape, allows for more adjustable parameters, thus providing multiple possibilities for antenna performance tuning; but at the same time, the H-shaped opening places higher demands on the fabrication process, increasing the manufacturing difficulty. In practical applications, the shape of the slit opening can be flexibly set according to actual needs to balance considerations of both fabrication process and radiation performance.

[0057] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another power supply structure. (Example) Figure 9 As shown, the feed structure 40 still includes a first feed line 41 and a second feed line 42, but unlike the feed structure provided above, Figure 9 In the power supply structure shown, the first feed line 41 includes a first sub-feed line 411 and a second sub-feed line 412, and the orthographic projections of the first sub-feed line 411 and the second sub-feed line 412 on the first dielectric substrate 100 overlap with the orthographic projection of the first slit opening 91 on the first dielectric substrate 100; the second feed line 42 includes a third sub-feed line 421 and a fourth sub-feed line 422, and the orthographic projections of the third sub-feed line 421 and the fourth sub-feed line 422 on the first dielectric substrate 100 overlap with the orthographic projection of the second slit opening 92 on the first dielectric substrate 100.

[0058] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for Figure 7 and Figure 8 The feeding structure 40 shown can be described as a two-point feeding method, and correspondingly, the feeding structure 40 is called a two-point feeding structure; for Figure 9The feeding structure 40 shown can be described as a four-point feeding method, and correspondingly, the feeding structure 40 is called a four-point feeding structure. Although the four-point feeding structure is more complex in structure and manufacturing process than the two-point feeding structure, it helps to improve the polarization isolation of the antenna. To strengthen the argument, the inventors of this utility model simulated the polarization isolation parameters of antennas using two different feeding structures, and the simulation results are as follows. Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, where, Figure 10 It refers to the polarization isolation of an antenna using a two-point feed structure. Figure 11 This refers to the polarization isolation of an antenna employing a four-point feed structure. Figure 10 As can be seen, when a two-point feeding structure is used, the antenna's polarization isolation is -36dB; while from Figure 11 As can be seen, when a four-point feeding structure is used, the polarization isolation of the antenna can be improved from -36dB to -45dB. In other words, by changing the feeding structure, the polarization isolation of the antenna can be effectively improved, thereby enhancing the antenna's radiation performance.

[0059] The following section introduces several exemplary structures of the first radiating electrode.

[0060] Figures 12-14 These are three exemplary structures for the first radiating electrode. (Refer to...) Figures 12-14 The first radiating electrode 60 has a first hollow portion 62, which includes multiple sub-hollow portions. By setting the hollow portion on the first radiating electrode 60, on the one hand, the hollow portion on the radiating electrode forms electromagnetic coupling with the microstrip feed line, realizing non-contact feeding and avoiding the formation of solder joints, thereby preventing the PIM value from increasing; on the other hand, it can force the current to flow around the slot line, increasing the effective current path length, thereby reducing the resonant frequency of the antenna, which allows the physical size of the antenna to be reduced while maintaining the same electrical size, thus contributing to the miniaturization of the antenna; furthermore, the hollow portion can change the equivalent capacitance and inductance of the radiating electrode, adjusting the input impedance. By reasonably setting the position and shape of the hollow portion, it is possible to avoid using an additional impedance matching network, saving manufacturing costs and reducing design complexity.

[0061] Figure 12 This is the first optional shape for the cutout section. For example... Figure 12 As shown, the first hollowed-out portion 62 includes four sub-hollowed-out portions, namely, the first sub-hollowed-out portion 621, the second sub-hollowed-out portion 622, the third sub-hollowed-out portion 623, and the fourth sub-hollowed-out portion 624 arranged clockwise. Any two sub-hollowed-out portions are rotationally symmetrical about the rotation center O2, which coincides with the center of the first radiation electrode 60. Figure 12For example, the first sub-cutout portion 621 is symmetrical to the second sub-cutout portion 622, the third sub-cutout portion 623, and the fourth sub-cutout portion 624 about the rotation center O2 by rotating 90°, 180°, and 270° respectively. For any sub-cutout portion (taking the second sub-cutout portion 622 as an example), it includes a first opening 622a extending along the fifth direction, a second opening 622b extending along the sixth direction, and a third opening 622c, wherein the first ends of the second opening 622b and the third opening 622c are respectively connected to the two ends of the first opening 622a, forming a U-shaped pattern.

[0062] Figure 13 This is the second optional shape for the cutout section. For example... Figure 13 As shown, the first hollowed-out portion 62 includes four sub-hollowed-out portions, namely, the first sub-hollowed-out portion 621, the second sub-hollowed-out portion 622, the third sub-hollowed-out portion 623, and the fourth sub-hollowed-out portion 624 arranged clockwise. Any two sub-hollowed-out portions are rotationally symmetrical about the rotation center O2, which coincides with the center of the first radiation electrode 60. Figure 13 For example, the first sub-cutout portion 621 is symmetrical to the second sub-cutout portion 622, the third sub-cutout portion 623, and the fourth sub-cutout portion 624 about the rotation center O2 by rotating 90°, 180°, and 270° respectively. For any sub-cutout portion (taking the second sub-cutout portion 622 as an example), it includes a first opening 622a extending along the fifth direction and a second opening 622b extending along the sixth direction, wherein the first end of the second opening 622b is connected to the middle of the first opening 622a to form a T-shaped pattern.

[0063] Figure 14 This is the third optional shape for the cutout section. For example... Figure 14 As shown, the first hollowed-out portion 62 includes four sub-hollowed-out portions, namely, a first sub-hollowed-out portion 621, a second sub-hollowed-out portion 622, a third sub-hollowed-out portion 623, and a fourth sub-hollowed-out portion 624 arranged clockwise, wherein any sub-hollowed-out portion and its adjacent sub-hollowed-out portion are symmetrical about the axis of symmetry of the first radiating electrode 60. Figure 14 For example, the first sub-cutout 621 is symmetrical to the second sub-cutout 622 and the fourth sub-cutout 624 about the axis of symmetry L1 and the axis of symmetry L2, respectively, and the third sub-cutout 623 is symmetrical to the second sub-cutout 622 and the fourth sub-cutout 624 about the axis of symmetry L2 and the axis of symmetry L1, respectively. For any sub-cutout (taking the second sub-cutout 622 as an example), it includes a first opening 622a extending along the fifth direction and a second opening 622b extending along the sixth direction, wherein the first end of the second opening 622b is connected to the first end of the first opening 622a to form an L-shaped pattern.

[0064] It should be noted that, Figures 12-14These are merely three alternative examples of the first hollow portion. In actual implementation, the shape of the first hollow portion can be flexibly designed according to the manufacturing process and antenna performance. This disclosure does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0065] Continue to refer to Figure 4 In some optional embodiments, the antenna provided in this disclosure further includes a guiding structure 70 disposed on the side of the first radiating electrode 60 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 100; see reference Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The orthographic projections of the guiding structure 70, the first radiating electrode 60, and the second radiating electrode 50 onto the first dielectric substrate 100 overlap.

[0066] In the above embodiments, by providing a guiding structure 70 on the side of the first radiating electrode 60 away from the first dielectric substrate 100, and by having the guiding structure 70 overlap with the orthographic projections of the first radiating electrode 60 and the second radiating electrode 50 on the first dielectric substrate 100, on the one hand, the guiding structure 70 can be used as a parasitic unit, interacting with the radiating electrode through electromagnetic coupling to adjust the phase distribution of the radiation field, concentrating energy in a specific direction, and improving the directivity and gain of the antenna; on the other hand, the pointing angle of the main beam can be changed by adjusting the position and size of the guiding structure 70 to achieve beam deflection; furthermore, the guiding structure 70 can increase the front-to-back ratio of the antenna and reduce rear interference by suppressing rearward radiation.

[0067] The following section introduces several optional examples of guide structures.

[0068] Figure 15 This is the first possible example of a directional structure. For example... Figure 15 As shown, the guiding structure 70 includes a main body 71 and four branches connected to the main body 71, which are, in a clockwise direction, a first branch 721, a second branch 722, a third branch 723, and a fourth branch 724; wherein each branch is rotationally symmetrical about the center of the main body 71 with respect to the other three branches. Figure 15 For example, the first branch 721 is symmetrical about the second branch 722, the third branch 723, and the fourth branch 724, which are rotated 90°, 180°, and 270° respectively about the center of the main body 71.

[0069] Figure 16 This is the second alternative example of a directional structure. For example... Figure 16 As shown, the guiding structure 70 includes a main body 71 and four branches connected to the main body 71, which are, in a clockwise direction, a first branch 721, a second branch 722, a third branch 723, and a fourth branch 724; wherein each branch is rotationally symmetrical about the center of the main body 71 with respect to the other three branches. Figure 16 For example, the first branch 721 is symmetrical about the second branch 722, the third branch 723, and the fourth branch 724, which are rotated 90°, 180°, and 270° respectively about the center of the main body 71.

[0070] As an optional embodiment, the first dielectric substrate 100, second dielectric substrate 200, and third dielectric substrate 300 of the antenna provided in this disclosure can all be made of the following materials: epoxy glass fiber FR4, Rogers series, ceramics (Al2O3, LTCC, etc.), polytetrafluoroethylene PTEE, polyimide PI, and polycarbonate, etc. Any of the first radiating electrode 60, second radiating electrode 50, feed structure 40, and reference electrode 80 of the antenna provided in this disclosure can be made of the following materials: copper Cu, aluminum Al, silver Ag, gold Au, and conductive ink, etc. Preferably, in the antenna provided in this disclosure, the first dielectric substrate 100, second dielectric substrate 200, and third dielectric substrate 300 can be made of transparent polycarbonate; correspondingly, the first radiating electrode 60, feed structure 40, second radiating electrode 50, and reference electrode 80 can be made of conductive mesh, such as a meshed metal structure. This can improve the transparency of the antenna and enhance its concealment. Of course, the materials of the dielectric substrate and the radiation electrode can be flexibly selected according to the characteristics such as processing cost, dielectric transmission loss, and high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, and this disclosure does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0071] To summarize briefly, the embodiments disclosed above provide a variety of optional feeding structures, optional slit openings, optional first hollow portions, and various guiding structures. In actual implementation, those skilled in the art can flexibly select any example from the various examples of each component to construct an antenna according to actual needs. For example, for Figures 3-6 The antenna shown has a four-point feeding structure 40, a cross-shaped slit opening in the second radiating electrode 50, U-shaped sub-cutouts in the second radiating electrode 50, and a guiding structure 70 employing... Figure 15 The structure shown is, of course, not limited to this. Figure 17 and Figure 18 These are schematic diagrams of the three-dimensional structures of the other two types of antennas. Figure 17 The antenna shown has a two-point feeding structure 40, an H-shaped slit opening 90 in the second radiating electrode 50, a U-shaped sub-cutout in the first radiating electrode 60, and a guiding structure 70. Figure 15 The structure shown; and Figure 18 The antenna shown has a two-point feeding structure 40, an H-shaped slit opening 90 in the second radiating electrode 50, an L-shaped sub-cutout in the first radiating electrode 60, and a guiding structure 70. Figure 16The structure shown is an example of this. Other exemplary antenna structures are not listed here.

[0072] Furthermore, regarding this disclosure Figure 3 The inventor simulated the radiation performance of the antenna shown, and the simulation results are as follows: Figures 19-20 As shown. Among them, Figure 19 yes Figure 3 The simulation curve of the antenna reflection coefficient S11 is shown. Figure 20 (a) is Figure 3 The antenna pattern shown is a two-dimensional radiation pattern. Figure 20 (b) is Figure 3 The antenna's three-dimensional radiation pattern is shown. From Figure 19 As can be seen, within the antenna's operating frequency band of 1.7GHz-2.7GHz, its reflection coefficient S11 is less than or equal to -10dB in the 1.85GHz-2.5GHz band, therefore its bandwidth is approximately 700MHz, suitable for broadband or multimode communication. Figure 20 As can be seen in (a) and (b), the antenna provided in this disclosure has a beamwidth of approximately ±30°, a maximum gain of 8.1dB, and a backward gain (θ=180°) close to -38.9dB. Therefore, it has a high front-to-back ratio (approximately -47dB), which far exceeds the requirements of base station antennas and has high anti-interference capability. Furthermore, as can be seen from the backward gain close to -38.9dB, the antenna has high sidelobe suppression, which can reduce multipath interference and is suitable for dense multi-user environments.

[0073] Based on the same inventive concept, in a second aspect, this disclosure provides an antenna array, which includes a carrier substrate and a plurality of antennas disposed on the carrier substrate, the antennas being as described in any embodiment of the first aspect above, and the plurality of antennas being arranged in an array on the carrier substrate.

[0074] Based on the same inventive concept, in a third aspect, this disclosure also provides a communication device that includes the antenna array provided in the second aspect.

[0075] In addition to the above, the communication device provided in this disclosure also includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna in the communication device can serve as either a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides signals in at least one frequency band, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G signals, and transmits the signals in at least one frequency band to the radio frequency transceiver. After receiving the signal, the antenna in the communication device can process it through the filtering unit, power amplifier, signal amplifier, and radio frequency transceiver before transmitting it to the receiving end in the transceiver unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0076] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit and is used to modulate the signals transmitted by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signals received by the antenna before transmitting them to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the RF transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate these signals before sending them to the antenna. The antenna receives the signals and transmits them to the receiving circuit of the RF transceiver. The receiving circuit then transmits the signals to the demodulation circuit, which demodulates the signals before transmitting them to the receiving end.

[0077] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are then connected to a filtering unit. The filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. During signal transmission, the signal amplifier improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. The filtering unit combines the signals output from the signal amplifier and power amplifier, filters out noise, and transmits them to the antenna, which then radiates the signal. During signal reception, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out noise from the received signal before transmitting it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier increases the gain of the received signal, improving the SNR; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the received signal. The signal received by the antenna, after processing by the power amplifier and signal amplifier, is transmitted to the RF transceiver, which then transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0078] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as low-noise amplifiers, without limitation.

[0079] In some examples, the communication device provided in this disclosure also includes a power management unit connected to a power amplifier and providing the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying signals.

[0080] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of this utility model, and the utility model is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of this utility model, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized by The antenna includes a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, and a third dielectric substrate stacked in sequence; The third dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface, the second surface being closer to the second dielectric substrate; The antenna further includes: A first radiation electrode and a second radiation electrode are respectively arranged on the first surface side and the second surface side; the first radiation electrode and the second radiation electrode radiate electromagnetic waves of different frequencies; A feeding structure is arranged on the side of the second dielectric substrate away from the third dielectric substrate; the feeding structure is electrically connected to the second radiation electrode; the second radiation electrode has a slit opening penetrating in the thickness direction thereof, and the feeding structure is electrically connected to the first radiation electrode through the slit opening; A reference electrode is arranged on the side of the first dielectric substrate away from the second dielectric substrate; Any one of the first radiation electrode, the second radiation electrode, and the feeding structure overlaps the reference electrode in the orthographic projection on the first dielectric substrate.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding structure includes a first feeding line and a second feeding line, and the feeding directions of the first feeding line and the second feeding line are different; The slit opening includes a first slit opening and a second slit opening; The first feeding line is coupled to the second radiation electrode and coupled to the first radiation electrode through the first slit opening; the second feeding line is coupled to the second radiation electrode and coupled to the first radiation electrode through the second slit opening.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The extension directions of the first slit opening and the second slit opening are orthogonal.

4. The antenna of claim 2, wherein, The first slit opening and the second slit opening each include a first sub-opening, a second sub-opening, and a third sub-opening; For the first slit opening, the first sub-opening extends in a first direction, the second sub-opening and the third sub-opening extend in a second direction, and the second sub-opening and the third sub-opening are respectively connected to the two ends of the first sub-opening; For the second slit opening, the first sub-opening extends in a third direction, the second sub-opening and the third sub-opening extend in a fourth direction, and the second sub-opening and the third sub-opening are respectively connected to the two ends of the first sub-opening; The first direction and the third direction are orthogonal.

5. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein, The first feeding line includes a first sub-feeder and a second sub-feeder, and the second feeding line includes a third sub-feeder and a fourth sub-feeder; The orthographic projections of the first sub-feeder and the second sub-feeder on the first dielectric substrate both overlap the orthographic projection of the first slit opening on the first dielectric substrate; The orthographic projections of the third sub-feeder and the fourth sub-feeder on the first dielectric substrate both overlap the orthographic projection of the second slit opening on the first dielectric substrate.

6. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The first radiation electrode has a first hollow portion penetrating in the thickness direction thereof.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that The first hollow portion includes a plurality of clockwise arranged sub-hollow portions; any two of the plurality of sub-hollow portions are rotationally symmetrical.

8. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein, Further including a directing structure arranged on the side of the first radiation electrode away from the first dielectric substrate; There is an overlap between the normal projections of the guiding structure, the first radiating electrode, and the second radiating electrode on the first dielectric substrate.

9. The antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The guiding structure comprises a main body portion and four branch portions connected to the main body portion. Any one of the branch portions is rotationally symmetric with the other three branch portions about the center of the main body portion.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The material of the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate comprises polycarbonate.

11. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein, Any one of the first radiating electrode, the second radiating electrode, the feeding structure, and the reference electrode adopts a conductive mesh.

12. An antenna array comprising a carrier substrate and a plurality of antennas as claimed in any one of claims 1-11. The plurality of antennas are arranged on the carrier substrate.

13. A communication device comprising the antenna array of claim 12.

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