Reciprocating piston type heat engine and carrying tool

Abstract

The reciprocating piston type heat engine comprises a cylinder body, a piston, a connecting rod, a crankshaft, a lever and a compensation shaft, the piston is arranged in an inner cavity of the cylinder body, one end of the connecting rod is hinged to the piston, the crankshaft is hinged to the connecting rod, the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the lever, and the other end of the lever penetrates through a sliding way transversely arranged on the compensation shaft. The lever can slide back and forth in the slideway of the compensation shaft. The piston thrust can be converted into output torque as much as possible, the output torque is effectively increased, and the combustion efficiency of the reciprocating piston type heat engine is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention specifically relates to a reciprocating piston heat engine and a transportation vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] The power-generating process of a traditional reciprocating piston heat engine (including internal combustion engines and external combustion engines) is the process by which the thrust of the piston in the cylinder is converted into torque on the crankshaft. More specifically, it is the tangential component of the total force P along the cylinder centerline that drives the crankshaft to rotate, thus achieving the purpose of doing work. Figure 7 As shown, the mathematical expression for its torque is:

[0003] Mt = Pt·R = P·R·sin(α+β) / cosβFormula 1

[0004] In Formula 1: Mt is the crankshaft output torque, Pt is the tangential force acting on the crank pin, P is the total force exerted by the cylinder cavity on the piston centerline, R is the crankshaft radius, α is the power output shaft rotation angle (here, the power output shaft rotation angle is the crankshaft rotation angle), and β is the connecting rod swing angle. Obviously, Formula 1 is a sine function.

[0005] Here, we choose the gasoline engine in a reciprocating piston heat engine for analysis.

[0006] When analyzing gasoline engines, we utilize a typical analytical tool for gasoline engines: the indicator diagram, such as... Figure 9 As shown, by substituting different angles into α according to Formula 1, we can obtain the corresponding torque Mt values. By plotting the points on the indicator diagram and connecting them, we can obtain the output torque Mt curve of the gasoline engine.

[0007] Comparing the torque (Mt) curve with the cylinder pressure (P) curve, we found that the initial phase of the torque (Mt) curve is much flatter and has a smaller amplitude than the initial phase of the pressure (P) curve, especially with a significant attenuation in the 0-30° range. The peak torque (Mt) only appears when the crankshaft angle reaches 35°, and even then, it's not a sharp peak; that is, the peak torque (Mt) lags behind the peak cylinder pressure (P) curve by approximately 25°, and its peak height is less than half the peak height of the pressure (P) curve. The torque (Mt) curve is severely distorted compared to the pressure (P) curve. Furthermore, the torque (Mt) curve only touches the pressure (P) curve when the crankshaft angle reaches 50°, after which Mt gradually weakens and moves away. Here, we see that the area enclosed by the torque (Mt) curve and the X and Y axes is considerably smaller than the area enclosed by the cylinder pressure (P) and the X and Y axes, inevitably contributing to a reduction in the thermal efficiency of the gasoline engine. Because the crankshaft does work based on the tangential force acting on the crankpin, and the tangential force exhibits a sinusoidal characteristic {Psin(α+β) / cosβ}, a significant feature of the sine function is that its value is zero at 0°. At 90°, its value is 1. The transition from 0° to 90° is a gradual process. In the early stages of the power stroke, when the piston is at top dead center or just after leaving top dead center, the space above the piston is small, the combustion medium exerts strong pressure, and the cylinder pressure P appears in peak form. This is the perfect opportunity to exert power and push the piston back. However, because the crankshaft angle α is small, the sine of the angle α is also small, and its product with the pressure P is also small. At this time, the piston's thrust is only the thrust on the crankshaft's central axis—the normal force {Pcos(α+β) / cosβ}, while the tangential force Pt on the crankpin is very weak. Only after the crankshaft has rotated a considerable angle α does the tangential force acting on the crankpin gradually become apparent. It arrives late, and the excellent opportunity for power stroke has already been missed. The wasted power is simply carried away by the cooling medium as heat and dissipated. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a reciprocating piston heat engine and a vehicle that can convert piston thrust into output torque as much as possible, effectively increasing output torque and improving the combustion efficiency of the reciprocating piston heat engine.

[0009] The technical solution adopted in this invention is:

[0010] A reciprocating piston heat engine includes a cylinder, a piston, a connecting rod, and a crankshaft. The reciprocating piston heat engine also includes a lever and a compensating shaft. The piston is disposed in the inner cavity of the cylinder. One end of the connecting rod is hinged to the piston, the crank is hinged to the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the lever. The lever passes laterally through the compensating shaft with a slide rail, and the lever can slide back and forth within the slide rail of the compensating shaft.

[0011] Preferably, the hinge point between the crank and the connecting rod is located between the hinge point between the piston and the connecting rod and the hinge point between the lever and the connecting rod.

[0012] Preferably, the compensation shaft and the piston's movement trajectory do not intersect;

[0013] Preferably, the compensation shaft is perpendicular to the straight line of the piston's movement trajectory.

[0014] Preferably, when the piston moves to the top dead center of its stroke inside the cylinder, the angle between the connecting rod and the lever is 80°~110°.

[0015] Preferably, when the piston moves to the bottom dead center of its stroke within the cylinder, the length direction of the connecting rod is consistent with the direction of piston movement.

[0016] Preferably, the crank is connected to the crankshaft, and the crank rotates around the crankshaft.

[0017] Preferably, the compensating shaft is connected to an overrunning clutch.

[0018] Preferably, each cylinder, piston, connecting rod, and crank forms a power unit;

[0019] The reciprocating piston heat engine includes a power output shaft and multiple power units arranged side by side, with the compensation shaft of each power unit connected to the power output shaft via an overrunning clutch.

[0020] Preferably, the reciprocating piston heat engine further includes an ignition switch, spark plugs, intake valves, exhaust valves, and a high-pressure injection system. The intake valves, exhaust valves, high-pressure injection system, and spark plugs are located on the top of the cylinder block, and the ignition switch is connected to the spark plugs via an ignition coil.

[0021] A vehicle comprising a reciprocating piston heat engine as described above.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0023] 1. This invention improves the piston's working state by using the compensating shaft as the output end. It transforms the force applied directly to the crankshaft and crank arm in a traditional reciprocating piston heat engine into a force applied to the crankshaft and simultaneously transmitted to the lever, linked to the compensating shaft. The force applied to the crankshaft is merely to maintain inertial rotation and ensure smooth transitions between strokes (e.g., two-stroke, four-stroke) without interruption. The force received through the lever and compensating shaft is the output power of this invention's reciprocating piston heat engine. This effectively converts the piston's thrust into the engine's output torque, overcoming the defect that the piston's thrust cannot be effectively converted into torque at its maximum during initial combustion. This avoids unnecessary energy loss, effectively increases output torque, and improves the thermal efficiency of the reciprocating piston heat engine. Due to the increased thermal efficiency and output torque, the heat that the combustion medium needs to remove from the cylinder is inevitably reduced, thus lowering the size and complexity of the required cooling system.

[0024] 2. In this invention, when the piston moves to the top dead center of the cylinder to begin working, the angle between the connecting rod and the lever is 80°~110°. This can effectively convert the maximum thrust of the piston at the beginning of combustion into a tangential force on the compensating shaft, reducing the impact force on the crankshaft. Especially in the case of knocking, this extends the service life of the equipment and improves the safety and reliability of the heat engine operation. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a reciprocating piston heat engine in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The left view.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a reciprocating piston heat engine under compression in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a reciprocating piston heat engine in the working state in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a reciprocating piston heat engine in an embodiment of the present invention, where the piston has moved to the bottom dead center of its stroke.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a reciprocating piston heat engine in the exhaust state in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a traditional reciprocating piston heat engine.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a reciprocating piston heat engine in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 9 These are the indicator diagrams of a reciprocating piston heat engine and a conventional reciprocating piston heat engine in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] In the diagram: 1-Cylinder block; 2-Piston; 3-Connecting rod; 4-Crankshaft; 5-Lever; 6-Compensation shaft; 7-Hinge shaft; 8-Crankshaft. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0036] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise" are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0037] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. They can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. They can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] A reciprocating piston heat engine, such as Figures 1-6As shown, the system includes a cylinder 1, a piston 2, a connecting rod 3, a crank 4, a lever 5, and a compensating shaft 6. The piston 2 is located inside the cylinder 1 and can move up and down along the cylinder 1. One end of the connecting rod 3 is hinged to the piston 2, and the crank is hinged to the connecting rod 3. The other end of the connecting rod 3 is hinged to one end of the lever 5 outside the cylinder 1 via a hinge pin 7. A slide rail is provided transversely through the compensating shaft 6 and is arranged radially along the compensating shaft. The other end of the lever 5 passes through the transverse slide rail on the compensating shaft 6, and the lever 5 can slide back and forth within the slide rail of the compensating shaft 6. When the piston 2 moves to the bottom dead center of its stroke inside the cylinder 1, a combustible gas or liquid mixture is drawn into the cylinder 1, thus achieving air intake. Then, under the influence of inertia, piston 2 moves upward and enters the compression stroke. After the compression stroke ends, it enters the combustion stroke. In this stroke, the combustible mixture explodes and pushes piston 2 toward the bottom dead center of cylinder 1. Connecting rod 3 also moves downward and drives lever 5 to move downward. The downward movement of lever 5 causes it to slide relative to the slide of compensating shaft 6, and at the same time drives compensating shaft 6 to rotate clockwise around its own axis, thus realizing the output of power. Then, connecting rod 3 continues to rotate around the rotation center of crank 4 and pushes piston 2 toward the top dead center of cylinder 1 to expel exhaust gas from the cylinder cavity. Then, the next cycle begins.

[0040] Furthermore, the hinge point between crank 4 and connecting rod 3 is located between the hinge point between piston 2 and connecting rod 3 and the hinge point between lever 5 and connecting rod 3.

[0041] Furthermore, the straight lines of the movement trajectories of the compensation shaft 6 and the piston 2 do not intersect, but are perpendicular to each other.

[0042] Furthermore, when the piston 2 moves to the top dead center of the cylinder 1 (i.e., the piston moves to the innermost end of the cylinder 1's internal stroke), the angle between the connecting rod 3 and the lever 5 is 80°~110°.

[0043] In the preferred embodiment, when the piston 2 moves to the top dead center of the stroke inside the cylinder 1, the angle between the connecting rod 3 and the lever 5 is 90°.

[0044] Furthermore, when the piston 2 moves to the bottom dead center of the cylinder 1 (i.e., when the piston moves to the outermost end of the cylinder 1's internal stroke), the length direction of the connecting rod 3 is consistent with the movement direction of the piston 2.

[0045] Furthermore, crank 4 is connected to crankshaft 8, and the rotation of crank 4 can drive crankshaft 8 to rotate; the hinge point between connecting rod 3 and crank 4 is not on the axis of crankshaft.

[0046] Furthermore, the compensating shaft 6 is connected to an overrunning clutch for driving the wheels;

[0047] The compensating shaft 6 can be used directly as a power output shaft, or the compensating shaft 6 can be connected to a power output shaft via an overrunning clutch.

[0048] Furthermore, the reciprocating piston heat engine also includes an ignition switch, spark plugs, intake valves, exhaust valves, and a high-pressure injection system. The intake valves, exhaust valves, high-pressure injection system, and spark plugs are located on the top of the cylinder block. The ignition switch is connected to the spark plugs via an ignition coil. The intake valves, exhaust valves, and high-pressure injection system are all connected to the control system of the vehicle (i.e., the intake valves, exhaust valves, and high-pressure injection system are all connected to the control system of the automobile or ship).

[0049] Furthermore, each cylinder 1, piston 2, connecting rod 3, and crank 4 form a power unit;

[0050] The reciprocating piston heat engine includes a power output shaft and multiple power units arranged side by side. The compensation shaft 6 of each power unit is connected to the power output shaft through an overrunning clutch. Each compensation shaft 6 transmits power to the power output shaft through the overrunning clutch, and the power output shaft outputs power uniformly.

[0051] The compensation shaft 6 and the power output shaft of each power unit are arranged in the same direction, and the compensation shaft 6 of each power unit are arranged in a staggered phase.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] The vehicle constructed based on Example 1 has even better performance in the defined Example 2.

[0054] A vehicle includes a reciprocating piston heat engine as described above, which drives the vehicle to move.

[0055] The means of transport include, but are not limited to, vehicles and ships, and vehicles include, but are not limited to, cars and motorcycles.

[0056] The working principle of this invention is as follows: Piston 2 moves to the bottom dead center of the cylinder 1, drawing in a combustible gas or liquid mixture, thus achieving intake; under the inertia of crankshaft 8, piston 2 moves to the top dead center of the cylinder 1, achieving compression; then, the combustible gas or liquid mixture ignites and explodes, pushing piston 2 towards the bottom dead center of the cylinder 1, thus performing work; due to inertia, connecting rod 3 continues to rotate around the rotation center of crankshaft 4, pushing piston 2 towards the top dead center of the cylinder 1, expelling exhaust gas from the cylinder 1, thus achieving exhaust; then the next cycle begins. Due to the continuous output of power, the vehicle is driven forward continuously.

[0057] Since the cosine function is exactly the opposite of the sine function, when the power output shaft rotation angle is 0°, the cosine function value is 1, and then the function value gradually decreases as the angle increases. This characteristic is very beneficial when applied to the piston work in a reciprocating piston heat engine. Therefore, in the reciprocating piston heat engine according to the embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the following formula is established:

[0058] Mt'=P·L·cosα Formula 2

[0059] In Formula 2, Mt' is the torque delivered by the compensating shaft, P is the total force exerted by the cylinder cavity on the piston centerline, L is the lever arm acting on the compensating shaft, and α is the rotation angle of the power output shaft of a single power unit. Here, the rotation angle of the power output shaft is the rotation angle of the compensating shaft, which is typically between 0 and 50°. The analysis will still take a gasoline engine as an example, and its indicator diagram is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, it should be noted that in our previous analysis of all operating conditions of the traditional gasoline engine, the objective factors remained unchanged, and the cylinder pressure P curve was still the same. The only difference was that the crankshaft, which serves as the power output of the gasoline engine, was moved to a compensating shaft.

[0060] exist Figure 9 As we can intuitively observe, the dashed line trajectory near the lower edge of the pressure curve P is the output torque curve Mt' on the compensation shaft. Compared with the traditional gasoline engine output torque curve Mt, Mt' is very close to the cylinder pressure curve P. The area enclosed by Mt' and the X and Y axes is much larger than the area enclosed by Mt and the X and Y axes. This is because: when the piston just begins to do work at top dead center, the cylinder pressure is high, the cosine function value is large, and the thrust on the compensation shaft is also large, resulting in a higher product of the two. As the piston continues to descend while doing work, the cylinder cavity pressure P on the piston gradually decreases, while the compensation shaft rotation angle α' also continuously increases, and the function value gradually decreases until the work is finished. Here, the peak value of the piston pressure P in the cylinder cavity and the peak value of the cosine function appear simultaneously, achieving an efficient conversion of "force" into "torque".

[0061] This invention abandons the traditional method of using the crankshaft as the power output end. Instead, a hinge is installed at the lower end of the connecting rod big end, and a lever is connected to the hinge. The lever passes through a compensating shaft with a slide rail next to the crankshaft. When the piston does work, the downward movement of the connecting rod drives the hinge downward. The downward movement of the hinge causes the lever to drive the compensating shaft to rotate clockwise, realizing power output. During the exhaust stroke, the hinge, along with the piston's upward movement, causes the lever to drive the compensating shaft to rotate counterclockwise. During the intake stroke, the compensating shaft rotates clockwise again. In the subsequent compression stroke, the compensating shaft rotates counterclockwise again, and so on. To ensure the continuity of power output, an overrunning clutch is installed on the compensating shaft, which can ensure continuous power output in the same direction.

[0062] The addition of a compensating shaft to the device significantly improves the piston's working state, transforming the force previously applied only to the crankshaft into a force applied to the compensating shaft. This changes the sinusoidal relationship of the work done on the crankshaft to a cosine relationship of the work done on the compensating shaft, increasing output torque and improving thermal efficiency under unchanged external conditions.

[0063] In a traditional reciprocating piston heat engine, power output is achieved through the crankshaft itself, while in this invention, power output is achieved through a compensating shaft outside the crankshaft.

[0064] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0065] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A reciprocating piston heat engine comprising a cylinder (1), a piston (2), a connecting rod (3), a crank (4), characterized in that: The reciprocating piston engine further comprises a lever (5) and a compensation shaft (6), the piston (2) is arranged in the inner cavity of the cylinder (1), one end of the connecting rod (3) is hingedly connected with the piston (2), the crank is hingedly connected with the connecting rod (3), the other end of the connecting rod (3) is hingedly connected with one end of the lever (5) outside the cylinder (1), the other end of the lever (5) passes through the sliding groove horizontally arranged on the compensation shaft (6), and the lever (5) can slide back and forth in the sliding groove of the compensation shaft (6).

2. The reciprocating piston heat engine of claim 1, wherein: The moving track straight line of the compensation shaft (6) and the piston (2) does not intersect.

3. A reciprocating piston heat engine as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The moving track straight line of the compensation shaft (6) and the piston (2) is perpendicular.

4. The reciprocating piston heat engine of claim 2, wherein: When the piston (2) moves to the top dead center in the cylinder (1), the included angle between the connecting rod (3) and the lever (5) is 80°-110°.

5. The reciprocating piston heat engine of claim 1, wherein: The crank (4) is connected with a crankshaft, and the crank (4) rotates around the crankshaft.

6. The reciprocating piston heat engine of claim 1, wherein: The compensation shaft (6) is connected with an overrunning clutch.

7. The reciprocating piston heat engine of claim 1, wherein: Each cylinder (1), one piston (2), one connecting rod (3) and one crank (4) form a power unit. The reciprocating piston engine comprises a power output shaft and a plurality of power units arranged side by side, and the compensation shaft (6) of each power unit is connected with the power output shaft through the overrunning clutch.

8. The reciprocating piston heat engine of claim 7, wherein: The compensation shaft of each power unit and the power output shaft are arranged in the same direction, and the compensation shafts of the power units are arranged in opposite phases.

9. The reciprocating piston heat engine of claim 1, wherein: The reciprocating piston engine further comprises an ignition switch, a spark plug, an intake valve, an exhaust valve and a high-pressure injection system, the intake valve, the exhaust valve, the high-pressure injection system and the spark plug are arranged on the top of the cylinder, and the ignition switch is connected with the spark plug through an ignition coil.

10. A vehicle characterized by: The reciprocating piston engine comprises the reciprocating piston engine according to any one of claims 1-9. The reciprocating piston engine comprises the reciprocating piston engine according to any one of claims 1-9.

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