Self-vibration welding device and equipment for friction welding

Abstract

The utility model discloses a self-vibration welding device and equipment for friction welding, and relates to the technical field of friction welding. The self-vibration welding device comprises a rotating shaft part, an end part and a matching key, a first axial gap and a second circumferential gap are formed between the rotating shaft part and the end part respectively, so that a stirring part can vibrate relative to the rotating shaft part, namely axial vibration and circumferential vibration are formed, and the rotating shaft part and the end part are matched. In the friction welding process, heat input in the friction welding process can be remarkably improved, the quality and performance of a welding area can be synchronously improved, high-strength joint of the welding area can be achieved through larger frequency vibration, and meanwhile joint defects are restrained. The self-vibration welding equipment comprises a driving mechanism, an output shaft and a rotating component, wherein the rotating component comprises a self-vibration welding device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of friction welding technology, and in particular to a self-vibrating welding device and equipment for friction welding. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional friction stir welding, the support structure of the front-end stirring head is designed based on the principle of conducting friction stir welding experiments in a stable state. Furthermore, during the welding process, a forced external force is applied to drive the stirring pin into the workpiece and perform transverse welding. This process significantly impacts the lifespan of the stirring head, especially when welding hard materials or butt welding dissimilar materials, potentially damaging the stirring head and affecting the weld formation quality and overall performance. Simultaneously, when conducting experiments with traditional stirring heads, it is difficult to achieve optimal weld quality by adjusting process parameters, which consumes significant amounts of materials and time. Moreover, prolonged experimental testing may also affect the rigidity of the machine.

[0003] The problems with the existing technology are: 1. The support structure of the existing front-end stirring head is designed based on the idea of ​​how to conduct friction stir welding experiments in a stable state, and welding high-strength materials is a challenge; 2. The existing stirring head structure results in limited service life and welding quality. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention provides a self-vibrating welding device and equipment for friction welding to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0005] The technical problem solved by this utility model is achieved by the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, this utility model provides a self-vibrating welding device for friction welding, comprising a rotating shaft, an end component, and a mating key; the end component is disposed on the rotating shaft and has a stirring part for welding; the mating key is disposed on the end component, and the rotating shaft has a groove, at least a portion of which extends radially into the groove; the end component and the rotating shaft have a first axial clearance in the axial direction, and the mating key and the groove have a second circumferential clearance in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft.

[0007] Secondly, this utility model provides a self-vibrating welding device for friction welding, including a drive mechanism, an output shaft, and a rotating component; the output shaft is connected to the drive mechanism and the rotating component respectively; the rotating component includes a self-vibrating welding device, and the rotating shaft of the self-vibrating welding device is connected to the output shaft.

[0008] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0009] This invention provides a first axial gap and a second circumferential gap between the rotating shaft and the end component, respectively, so that the stirring part can vibrate relative to the rotating shaft, i.e., form axial vibration and circumferential vibration. During the friction welding process, while the rotating shaft itself vibrates, the stirring part will synchronously generate a vibration frequency greater than that of the rotating shaft due to the existence of the aforementioned gaps. The aforementioned vibration can not hinder the plastic flow of the components to be connected, but can also be synchronized with the plastic flow of the components to be connected, thereby amplifying the overall plastic flow. That is, this invention can significantly improve the heat input during the friction welding process and simultaneously improve the quality and performance of the welded area. High-strength bonding of the welded area can be achieved through higher frequency vibration, while suppressing the generation of bonding defects. Attached Figure Description

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0011] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the self-vibrating welding device in this embodiment;

[0012] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 AA diagram in the image;

[0013] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the self-vibrating welding device during the welding process (showing a partial structure).

[0014] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the self-vibrating welding equipment in this embodiment;

[0015] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of a welding device in the prior art (showing a partial structure).

[0016] The labels in the attached diagram are explained as follows:

[0017] 1-Rotating component, 2-Component to be welded, 3-Self-vibrating welding equipment, 4-Drive mechanism, 5-Output shaft, 6-Rotating shaft, 7-Groove, 8-End component, 9-Pin part, 901-Body part, 902-Stirring part, 10-Base part, 11-Shoulder, 12-Surface contact area, 13-Groove, 14-Matching key, H-Clamp, C-Chuck, T-Stirring tool;

[0018] AD - Axial, AP - First axial clearance, AV - Axial vibration, CD - Circumferential, CP - Second circumferential clearance, CV - Circumferential vibration, PD - Top diameter of the stirring section, PF - Plastic deformation flow, RD - Radial, SD - Bottom diameter of the body section. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this utility model easier to understand, the following description, in conjunction with specific illustrations, further elaborates on this utility model.

[0020] Example:

[0021] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution in this embodiment, the technical terms in this embodiment will be explained first.

[0022] Friction stir welding, also known as friction stir welding, utilizes a stirring head with a specially shaped hard stirring needle that is inserted into the joint to be welded. The stirring head generates heat through friction with the metal to be welded. Through stirring and friction, combined with the extrusion of the weld metal by the stirring head, the joint metal is brought into a plastic state. The stirring head moves forward along the welding direction, and under the combined effect of thermal cycling and mechanical action, a dense intermetallic bond is formed, thus achieving the connection of materials.

[0023] Self-vibration: A gap is provided between the stirring part and the shaft, which allows the stirring part to self-vibrate relative to the shaft during friction stir welding.

[0024] This embodiment discloses a self-vibrating welding device and equipment for friction welding. First, the self-vibrating welding device of this embodiment will be described.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the self-vibrating welding device includes a rotating shaft 6, an end component 8, and a mating key 14. The end component 8 is mounted on the rotating shaft 6, and the end component 8 and the rotating shaft 6 are aligned axially (in this embodiment, the axial direction is the height direction, e.g.) Figure 1 (as shown in the AD direction) and the circumferential direction ... Figure 1 Both (as shown in the CD direction) have gaps, and the mating key 14 is provided between the rotating shaft 6 and the end member 8 to limit the vibration amplitude of the end member 8 relative to the rotating shaft 6 in the circumferential direction.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the overall shape of the rotating shaft part 6 is frustum-shaped. The rotating shaft part 6 has a first bottom blind hole on the bottom surface facing the component 2 to be welded. The first bottom blind hole is axially away from the component 2 to be welded. The first bottom blind hole can be used to install the end component 8.

[0027] The end component 8 is coaxially inserted into the first bottom blind hole, and the stirring part 902 at the lower end of the end component 8 extends to the lower part of the rotating shaft 6 for welding. There is a first axial gap AP between the top surface of the end component 8 and the inner top surface of the first bottom blind hole. The value of the first axial gap AP is selected according to the actual situation, as long as it can make the end component 8 vibrate axially relative to the rotating shaft 6.

[0028] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the end component 8 includes a pin portion 9 and a base portion 10. The pin portion 9 and the base portion 10 are coaxially connected. The lower end of the pin portion 9 is provided with a stirring portion 902 for welding. The base portion 10 is coaxially inserted into the first bottom blind hole. The base portion 10 is cylindrical in shape. The outer peripheral surface of the base portion 10 fits against the inner peripheral surface of the first bottom blind hole. The top surface of the base portion 10 and the inner top surface of the first bottom blind hole have a first axial gap AP.

[0029] The inner peripheral wall of the first bottom blind hole is provided with a groove, such as in some embodiments. Figure 2 As shown, the mating key 14 is provided on the outer periphery of the end member 8, and a groove 7 is provided on the rotating shaft portion 6. At least part of the mating key 14 is radially arranged along the rotating shaft portion 6 (e.g., Figure 2 The end member 8 extends into the groove 7 (as shown in the RD direction), allowing it to rotate at a certain angle relative to the rotating shaft 6 in the circumferential direction. Since at least a portion of the mating key 14 extends into the groove 7, the rotation angle of the end member 8 is limited. The magnitude of this rotation angle is determined by the specifications of the mating key 14 and the groove 7. In this embodiment, the mating key 14 and the groove 7 have a second circumferential clearance CP in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 6. In some preferred embodiments, the outer circumferential surface of the mating key 14 and the inner sidewall of the groove 7 have a second circumferential clearance CP in the circumferential direction. The second circumferential clearance CP is used to achieve circumferential vibration of the end member 8 relative to the rotating shaft 6. The size of the second circumferential clearance CP is selected according to actual needs. For example, Figure 1 As shown, the top surface of the mating key 14 and the inner top surface of the groove 7 also have a first axial clearance AP in the axial direction, which can be used to realize the vibration of the end component 8 in the axial direction.

[0030] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the end component 8 is provided with a groove 13, and at least a portion of the mating key 14 is fixedly disposed in the groove 13. In some preferred embodiments, the groove 13 is disposed on the base portion 10 of the end component 8.

[0031] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2As shown, there are multiple mating keys 14, which are spaced apart circumferentially along the rotating shaft 6. The grooves 13, mating keys 14, and slots 7 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. In this embodiment, the multiple mating keys 14 are evenly spaced circumferentially along the rotating shaft 6. Multiple mating keys 14 can make the overall structure more stable and the vibration more uniform. In some preferred embodiments, the mating keys 14 are configured as elastomers (e.g., sponges, rubber, etc.), which can significantly increase the vibration frequency of the stirring during stir welding.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the end component 8 includes a pin portion 9 and a base portion 10. The base portion 10 has a second bottom blind hole on its bottom surface facing the component 2 to be welded. The second bottom blind hole is opened along the axial direction. At least a portion of the pin portion 9 is coaxially inserted and fixed in the second bottom blind hole. The outer peripheral surface of the pin portion 9 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the second bottom blind hole to avoid relative displacement between the pin portion 9 and the base portion 10.

[0033] In some preferred embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the pin part 9 includes a body part 901 and a stirring part 902. The body part 901 is cylindrical and the stirring part 902 is frustum-shaped. The body part 901 and the stirring part 902 are coaxially connected. The body part 901 is inserted into the second bottom blind hole. The outer peripheral surface of the body part 901 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the second bottom blind hole. The bottom surface of the body part 901 is fixedly connected to the top surface (large diameter end face of the frustum) of the stirring part 902. The connection position between the body part 901 and the stirring part 902 forms a shoulder 11.

[0034] In some preferred embodiments, the top surface diameter of the stirring part is configured as diameter PD, and the bottom surface diameter of the body part is configured as diameter SD, wherein the ratio of diameter SD to diameter PD is less than or equal to 1.8, and more preferably, the ratio of diameter SD to diameter PD is less than or equal to 1.4.

[0035] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment also discloses a self-vibrating welding device 3 for friction welding. The self-vibrating welding device 3 includes a drive mechanism 4, an output shaft 5, and a rotating component 1. The drive mechanism 4 is connected to one end of the output shaft 5, and the drive mechanism 4 can drive the output shaft 5 to rotate. The other end of the output shaft 5 is connected to the rotating component 1, and the output shaft 5 drives the rotating component 1 to rotate. In this embodiment, the rotating component 1 includes a self-vibrating welding device, and the rotating shaft portion 6 of the self-vibrating welding device is coaxially connected to the output shaft 5. In some preferred embodiments, the rotating shaft portion 6 and the output shaft 5 are detachably connected, for example, by means of threaded connection, snap-fit, etc.

[0036] This embodiment discloses a self-vibrating welding device and equipment for friction welding, the principle of which is as follows:

[0037] The directions and abbreviations of this embodiment are as follows: AD - axial, AP - first axial clearance, AV - axial vibration, CD - circumferential, CP - second circumferential clearance, CV - circumferential vibration, PD - top surface diameter of the stirring part, PF - plastic deformation flow, RD - radial, SD - bottom surface diameter of the body part (i.e., shoulder diameter).

[0038] The rotating component 1 is installed in the self-vibrating welding equipment 3 for welding the component 2 to be welded by friction stir welding under the action of the drive mechanism 4. The self-vibrating welding device of the rotating component 1 is detachable, and the user can install it onto the output shaft 5 of the drive mechanism 4 according to their needs. During the welding process, the rotating shaft 6 rotates synchronously with the output shaft 5 without relative displacement. The rotating shaft 6 is configured as a clamp H, which is cylindrical and extends along the axial direction AD. Its upper side is connected to the output shaft 5, and its lower side has a first bottom blind hole, into which the end component 8 is installed.

[0039] The end component 8 includes a pin portion 9 and a base portion 10; wherein, the pin portion 9 is configured as a stirring tool T, and the base portion 10 is configured as a clamp C. The base portion 10 is cylindrical and extends along the axial direction AD. Its bottom surface has a second bottom blind hole, and the pin portion 9 is fixed in the second bottom blind hole to avoid relative displacement with the base portion 10.

[0040] During the friction stir welding experiment, the stirring part 902 at the end of the pin 9 is inserted into the part 2 to be welded. Under the combined action of rotational friction and stirring, strong frictional heat is generated at the contact interface between the rotating part 1 and the part 2 to be welded, which in turn leads to a certain range of plastic deformation flow region PF.

[0041] The self-vibrating rotation function proposed in this embodiment is mainly achieved based on the various gaps formed by the configuration. On the outer circumferential surface of the end component 8, grooves 13 are provided at regular intervals along the circumferential direction CD. Each groove 13 is matched with a mating key 14, which is inserted into the groove 13 radially RD. A groove structure 7 is provided on the rotating shaft 6. The circumferential length CD of the groove 7 needs to be greater than the circumferential length CD of the mating key 14 to ensure that there is a circumferential gap CP (i.e., a second circumferential gap) between the groove 13, i.e., the rotating shaft 6 and the end component 8. At the same time, since the rotating shaft 6 is connected to the output shaft 5, and the end component 8 is included in the pin part 9, it can be deduced that there is a second circumferential gap CP between the output shaft 5 and the pin part 9. The existence of this gap will allow the output shaft 5 and the pin part 9 to move relatively freely, thereby causing the end component 8 to generate circumferential vibration CV relative to the rotating shaft 6 during the friction stir welding experiment. Furthermore, there is a first axial clearance AP between the rotating shaft 6 and the end member 8, that is, between the output shaft 5 and the pin 9, which will cause the pin 9 to generate axial vibration AV relative to the output shaft during operation.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the self-vibrating welding device during friction stir welding (mainly around the pin part 9). Based on the above description, the presence of the second circumferential gap CP and the first axial gap AP causes the amplitude and frequency of the axial vibration AV and circumferential vibration CV of the pin part 9 to be greater than the amplitude and frequency generated by the output shaft 5 itself during friction stir welding. Figure 3 The double-sided and single-sided arrows indicate the situation when the pin part 9 generates axial vibration AV and circumferential vibration CV in the plastic deformation flow PF of the component 2 to be welded.

[0043] Figure 3 The area marked by the dashed line Q represents the region affected by the plastic deformation flow generated within the component 2 to be welded by the axial vibration AV and circumferential vibration CV of the pin portion 9. This region is formed by the rotation of the pin portion 9. Within the range of the second circumferential gap CP and the first axial gap AP, the pin portion 9 contacts the component 2 to be welded, which has formed a plastic flow, and passively generates axial vibration AV and circumferential vibration CV, thus being in a relatively free state. It is worth noting that since the axial vibration AV and circumferential vibration CV of the pin portion 9 are passive, this vibration not only does not hinder the original plastic flow of the component 2 to be welded, but also synchronizes with the original plastic flow and increases its fluidity. This will further improve the bonding strength of the welded area and effectively improve the welding quality and the mechanical properties of the weldment.

[0044] like Figure 3As shown, the pin portion 9 has a surface contact area 12 (i.e., the bottom surface of the main body) at the height of contact with the surface of the component 2 to be welded. The size of the surface contact area 12 corresponds to the bottom diameter SD of the main body. The maximum diameter of the stirring part 902 at the front end of the pin portion 9 is defined as the stirring head diameter PD (i.e., the top surface diameter of the stirring part). In this embodiment, the ratio of diameter SD to diameter PD needs to be less than or equal to 1.8, and more preferably less than or equal to 1.4. This ratio requirement is met by providing a sufficiently narrow shoulder 11 on the pin portion 9. At the same time, this narrow shoulder will be less likely to hinder the plastic flow during the experiment, and can more effectively transmit the axial vibration AV and circumferential vibration CV of the pin portion 9, that is, reduce the interference with the plastic flow and further amplify the plastic flowability of the material. Figure 3 As shown, the dashed area P represents the peripheral influence zone of the component 2 to be welded during the welding process. In short, due to the smaller width of the shoulder 11, plastic flow is less affected by it, thus enabling stronger plastic flow in the P area. Furthermore, the small shoulder structure proposed in this embodiment reduces heat generated by friction, while still achieving effective plastic flow under the influence of axial vibration AV and circumferential vibration CV. Therefore, the proposed self-vibrating welding device can be used for friction stir welding tests at lower temperatures.

[0045] In contrast, existing welding equipment, Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a welding apparatus in the prior art is shown, in which the rotating component 1' is inserted into the component 2' to be welded under axial force during the experiment, and remains constant within the formed plastic deformation flow PF' region. At this time, the pin portion 9' does not generate axial vibration AV or circumferential vibration CV. Figure 5 The Q' region and Figure 3 The Q region corresponds to this, but since the pin portion 9' remains constant within the PF' region, the pin portion 9' may hinder the plastic flow behavior of the part 2' to be welded and cannot amplify its original plastic flow behavior. Meanwhile, in the prior art, the ratio of the shoulder diameter SD' to the stirring head diameter PD' is generally greater than 2, and a relatively wide shoulder 11' is used. Therefore, in the P' region, plastic flow will be suppressed by the shoulder 11', and high heat will be generated. Thus, the existing structure is not only unsuitable for low-temperature friction stir welding, but also makes effective heat dissipation and heat control during the welding process another major challenge.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the self-vibrating welding device and equipment in this embodiment have the following advantages:

[0047] The design of the first axial clearance AP and the second circumferential clearance CP enables the stirring part to vibrate relative to the output shaft. Due to the existence of this clearance, the vibration of the stirring part has a higher frequency than the original vibration of the output shaft during friction stir welding.

[0048] The stirring part rotates within the gap range, and its vibration can be synchronized with the plastic flow behavior of the components to be connected. This can directly amplify the plastic flow of the components to be connected, thereby suppressing the occurrence of defects in the welding area and achieving high-strength welding.

[0049] When the stirring part vibrates, it can suppress the axial reaction force on the stirring part during the welding process, thereby reducing the load transmitted to the output shaft and improving the service life of the stirring part and the machine.

[0050] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A self-vibrating welding device for friction welding, characterized in that, The rotating shaft part (6), the end part (8) and the matching key (14) are included. The end part (8) is arranged on the rotating shaft part (6), and a stirring part (902) for welding is arranged on the end part (8); the matching key (14) is arranged on the end part (8), and a groove (7) is arranged on the rotating shaft part (6), and at least part of the matching key (14) extends into the groove (7) along the radial direction of the rotating shaft part (6). The end part (8) and the rotating shaft part (6) have a first axial gap (AP) in the axial direction, and the matching key (14) and the groove (7) have a second circumferential gap (CP) in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft part (6).

2. The self-vibrating welding device of claim 1, wherein, The rotating shaft part (6) is provided with a first bottom blind hole facing the bottom surface of the part (2) to be welded, and the inner circumferential wall of the first bottom blind hole is provided with the groove (7); the end part (8) is inserted into the first bottom blind hole in the axial direction; the top surface of the end part (8) and the inner top surface of the first bottom blind hole have the first axial gap (AP) to realize the axial vibration of the end part (8) relative to the rotating shaft part (6).

3. The self-vibrating welding device of claim 1, wherein, The end part (8) is provided with a recess (13), and at least part of the matching key (14) is arranged in the recess (13); the outer circumferential surface of the matching key (14) and the inner side wall of the groove (7) have the second circumferential gap (CP) to realize the circumferential vibration of the end part (8) relative to the rotating shaft part (6).

4. The self-vibrating welding device of claim 3, wherein, A plurality of the matching keys (14) are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft part (6), and the recess (13), the matching key (14) and the groove (7) are arranged one by one.

5. The self-vibrating welding device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The matching key (14) is configured as an elastic body.

6. The self-vibrating welding device of claim 2, wherein, The end part (8) includes a pin part (9) and a base part (10); the pin part (9) is arranged on the base part (10), and the stirring part (902) is arranged on the pin part (9); the base part (10) is inserted into the first bottom blind hole, and the top surface of the base part (10) and the inner top surface of the first bottom blind hole have the first axial gap (AP), and the matching key (14) is arranged on the base part (10).

7. The self-vibrating welding device of claim 6, wherein, The pin part (9) includes a body part (901) and a stirring part (902) connected coaxially; the base part (10) is provided with a second bottom blind hole facing the bottom surface of the part (2) to be welded, and the body part (901) is inserted into the second bottom blind hole in the axial direction; the top surface of the stirring part (902) is connected to the bottom surface of the body part (901), the diameter of the top surface of the stirring part is configured as PD, the diameter of the bottom surface of the body part is configured as SD, and the ratio of the diameter SD to the diameter PD is less than or equal to 1.

8.

8. The self-vibrating welding device of claim 7, wherein, The ratio of the diameter SD to the diameter PD is less than or equal to 1.

4.

9. A self-vibrating welding apparatus for friction welding, characterized by The driving mechanism (4), the output shaft (5) and the rotating part (1) are included; the output shaft (5) is connected to the driving mechanism (4) and the rotating part (1) respectively; the rotating part (1) includes the self-vibration welding device of any one of claims 1 to 8, and the rotating shaft part (6) of the self-vibration welding device is connected to the output shaft (5).

10. The self-vibrating welding apparatus of claim 9, wherein, The rotating shaft part (6) and the output shaft (5) are detachably connected.

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