Frame and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and especially relates to a frame and a photovoltaic assembly. The photovoltaic module comprises a frame and a laminated piece, the frame comprises a mounting part, and the upper end face of the mounting part is provided with at least one first reflecting surface with different reflecting angles, so that incident light rays with different angles can be reflected to the laminated piece, illumination irradiated to the laminated piece is enhanced, and the utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic module on light energy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a frame and a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] Solar energy is a clean energy source, and photovoltaic modules can convert solar energy into electrical energy, which has broad market prospects.

[0003] Photovoltaic modules consist of a laminate and a frame, with the frame having clamps for securing the laminate. In existing technologies, the clamps are only used to secure the laminate, resulting in wasted light hitting the clamps and thus low light energy utilization of the photovoltaic module. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides a frame and a photovoltaic module. The frame can reflect light shining on the frame onto the laminate, thereby improving the light energy utilization rate of the photovoltaic module.

[0005] This application provides a frame including a mounting portion for mounting a laminate. The upper surface of the mounting portion has at least two first reflective surfaces, which are inclined and have different reflection angles.

[0006] In this design, a first reflective surface is provided on the upper surface of the mounting section. This reflects some of the light that hits the first reflective surface onto the laminate, allowing the laminate to receive more sunlight and improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, including at least two first reflective surfaces with different reflection angles ensures that when sunlight enters from different angles, there is always a first reflective surface capable of reflecting light onto the laminate, further improving the utilization efficiency of light energy and thus further enhancing the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0007] In one possible design, the mounting portion includes a first clamping portion and a second clamping portion spaced apart along the height direction of the frame. The first clamping portion and the second clamping portion are used to clamp the laminate. The first clamping portion is located above the second clamping portion, and the first reflective surface is disposed on the upper end surface of the first clamping portion opposite to the second clamping portion.

[0008] Along the direction closer to the second clamping part, the reflection angle of the adjacent first reflective surface gradually increases.

[0009] In this design, to ensure that the light reflected by each first reflecting surface can be reflected onto the surface of the laminate, the reflection angle required for the first reflecting surface farther away from the second clamping part is larger. The gradually increasing reflection angle of the first reflecting surface can ensure that the light can be accurately reflected onto the surface of the laminate from the first reflecting surface at different heights, thereby improving the utilization rate of light energy by the laminate.

[0010] In one possible design, the first reflective surface has a first included angle α with the horizontal plane, satisfying: 105°≤α≤150°.

[0011] In this design, when α is too small, the light reflected from the first reflecting surface (i.e., the uppermost of all first reflecting surfaces) away from the second clamping part will be blocked by other surfaces of the first clamping part, preventing the reflected light from reaching the surface of the laminate and resulting in low light energy utilization. When α is too large, the light will be reflected by the first reflecting surface in a direction away from the second clamping part, preventing the reflected light from reaching the surface of the laminate and thus failing to improve light energy utilization. In this design, when 105°≤α≤150°, the reflection angle of the first reflecting surface is moderate, enabling the light to be reflected by each first reflecting surface to the surface of the laminate, significantly improving light energy utilization.

[0012] In one possible design, the upper surface of the first clamping part opposite to the second clamping part also has a second reflective surface, and adjacent first reflective surfaces are connected through the second reflective surface.

[0013] In this solution, by setting a second reflective surface, the upper surface of the first clamping part is completely covered by the first and second reflective surfaces. More reflective surfaces can reflect more light to the laminate, further improving the utilization rate of light energy by the laminate, thereby further improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0014] In one possible design, the second reflective surface is a horizontal surface or an inclined surface that slopes toward the second clamping part.

[0015] In this design, when the second reflecting surface is horizontal, the first and second reflecting surfaces form a stepped structure, making the upper surface of the first clamping part a stepped surface. Stepped surfaces offer the advantage of easy processing. In this case, the second reflecting surface can reflect incident light to the adjacent first reflecting surface, which then reflects the light onto the laminate. When the second reflecting surface is an inclined surface tilted towards the second clamping part, it can not only reflect light to the adjacent first reflecting surface but also directly reflect light onto the laminate, further improving the utilization rate of light energy by the laminate.

[0016] In one possible design, the second reflective surface has a second included angle β with the horizontal plane, satisfying: 0°≤β≤30°.

[0017] In this design, when β < 0° (i.e., when the second reflective surface is tilted upwards), it cannot reflect light towards the laminate but instead reflects it upwards. This causes some incident light to be reflected between the first and second reflective surfaces, failing to reach the laminate and resulting in wasted light energy. When β is too large, the second reflective surface occupies a greater height along the frame height, reducing the number of first and second reflective surfaces that can be placed along the frame height, thus lowering the light energy utilization rate. In this design, when 0° ≤ β ≤ 30°, not only can the second reflective surface be used to directly or indirectly reflect light onto the laminate, improving light energy utilization, but more first and second reflective surfaces can also be arranged, resulting in better light utilization.

[0018] In one possible design, the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface are treated with at least one of mirror polishing, chrome plating, or coating.

[0019] In this solution, the first and second reflective surfaces are treated with at least one of mirror polishing, chrome plating, or coating, which can give the first and second reflective surfaces good reflectivity and high reflection efficiency, effectively reflecting light onto the laminate and improving the utilization rate of light.

[0020] In one possible design, the first clamping portion has a groove, the sidewalls of which form a first clamping section and a second clamping section, the first clamping section and the second clamping section being used to abut against the laminate.

[0021] In this design, the groove in the first clamping part reduces the material used and lowers production costs. The first and second clamping sections on both sides of the groove abut against the upper surface of the laminate, while the lower surface of the laminate abuts against the second clamping part. By clamping the laminate with the two clamping sections and the second clamping part, the dynamic load adaptability of the clamping is improved, and the reliability of the clamping is enhanced.

[0022] In one possible design, the frame further includes a connecting portion for connecting to a connecting portion of another frame.

[0023] In this solution, connecting parts are provided on the frame. When different frames are connected, they are positioned and connected through the connecting parts, which makes it easy to connect different frames together during installation and improves installation efficiency.

[0024] In one possible design, the photovoltaic module includes: a laminate, a frame, and the mounting portion of the frame is connected to the edge of the laminate.

[0025] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module is provided as an example of this application;

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of part A in the middle;

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0029] 1-Border;

[0030] 11-Installation Department;

[0031] 111-First clamping part;

[0032] 1111 - First reflecting surface;

[0033] 1112 - Second reflecting surface;

[0034] 1113 - Groove;

[0035] 1114 - First clamping section;

[0036] 1115 - Second clamping section;

[0037] 112 - Second clamping part;

[0038] 12-Connecting part;

[0039] 2-Laminated component.

[0040] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To better understand the technical solution of this application, the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments in this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0043] The terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0044] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0045] Photovoltaic modules are the core components of a photovoltaic power generation system. In one specific embodiment, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic module includes a laminate 2, which is the core component of the photovoltaic module. The laminate process encapsulates materials such as cells, glass, and encapsulant film into a single unit, directly affecting the module's power generation efficiency, lifespan, and appearance.

[0046] The laminate 2 of the photovoltaic module includes a cover plate, a cell string, and a backsheet stacked together. The cell string includes multiple cells, which are connected to each other by solder strips. The cover plate is located on the light-facing side of the cells to allow sunlight to pass through and to improve the waterproof and moisture-proof capabilities of the photovoltaic module. The backsheet is located on the shaded side of the cells, and the cover plate and backsheet are used to seal the cells.

[0047] The types of solar cells include, but are not limited to, back contact (BC) cells, tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) cells, heterojunction with intrinsic thin-layer (HIT) cells, passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) cells, or perovskite cells.

[0048] For back contact (BC) cells, the emitter, surface field and metal electrode are all located on the back of the cell and are distributed in a cross-directional manner. The front of the cell uses a SiNx / SiOx double-layer anti-reflection passivation film, so that there is no metal electrode blocking the front of the cell, which allows the cell to receive more incident light, reduces optical loss and improves photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0049] For a tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) cell, along its thickness direction, the TOPCon cell sequentially includes a silver electrode, a front surface silicon nitride passivation layer, a boron-doped emitter, an N-type substrate silicon layer, a diffused doped layer, an ultrathin silicon oxide layer, doped polycrystalline silicon, silicon nitride, and a silver electrode. The back side of the cell consists of an ultrathin silicon oxide layer (1nm~2nm) and a phosphorus-doped microcrystalline amorphous mixed Si film, which together form the passivation contact structure. This structure can block minority carrier recombination, increasing the cell's open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current. The ultrathin oxide layer allows majority carrier electrons to tunnel into the polycrystalline silicon layer while blocking minority carrier recombination. The excellent passivation effect of the ultrathin silicon oxide and heavily doped silicon film causes band bending on the silicon wafer surface, resulting in a field passivation effect. This significantly increases the probability of electron tunneling, reduces contact resistance, and improves the cell's open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current, thereby increasing the cell's conversion efficiency.

[0050] For a heterojunction with intrinsic thin-layer (HIT) cell, along its thickness direction, the HIT cell sequentially includes a front low-temperature silver electrode, a front conductive film, an N-type amorphous silicon film, an intrinsic amorphous silicon film, an N-type substrate silicon layer, an intrinsic amorphous silicon film, a P-type amorphous silicon film, a back conductive film, and a back low-temperature silver electrode.

[0051] For a passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC), along its thickness direction, the PERC cell sequentially includes a front surface silver electrode, a front surface silicon nitride passivation layer, a phosphorus emitter, a P-type substrate silicon layer, a localized aluminum back field, a metallic aluminum back electrode, and a back passivation layer (Al2O3 / SiNx). PERC cells use a passivation film to passivate the back surface, replacing the all-aluminum back field, enhancing light reflection within the silicon substrate, reducing the recombination rate on the back surface, and improving the cell efficiency by 0.5%-1%.

[0052] For a perovskite solar cell, along its thickness direction, it sequentially comprises a substrate material, a conductive thin film, an electron transport layer (titanium dioxide), a perovskite absorption layer (hole transport layer), and a metal cathode. Perovskite materials possess a high light absorption coefficient and a long carrier diffusion distance. After the photons absorbed by the perovskite material are converted into electrons, they are easily collected by the electrodes with minimal loss, thus generating high photogenerated voltage and current, resulting in high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0053] In this embodiment, no specific limitation is made on the type of solar cells in the photovoltaic module.

[0054] The laminate 2 of the photovoltaic module also includes a front encapsulant film and a back encapsulant film. The front encapsulant film is located between the cover plate and the solar cell, and the back encapsulant film is located between the back sheet and the solar cell.

[0055] During the lamination process, the cover plate, front adhesive film, multiple solar cells, back adhesive film, and backsheet are laminated. During lamination, the front and back adhesive films encapsulate the solar cells, preventing external environmental factors from affecting their performance. After lamination, the front adhesive film connects the cover plate and the solar cells, and the back adhesive film connects the backsheet and the solar cells. Besides their connecting function, the front and back adhesive films also serve to transmit light, provide support, protect, and insulate.

[0056] The front and back adhesive films can be made of the same or different materials. The materials of the front and back adhesive films can be one of the following: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyolefin elastomer (POE), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), etc., or they can be EPE film (EVA-POE-EVA co-extrusion structure) or EP film (EVA-POE co-extrusion structure).

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic module in this embodiment of the application also includes a frame 1. The mounting part 11 of the frame 1 is connected to the edge of the laminate 2. Therefore, the frame 1 is used to mount the laminate 2.

[0058] like Figure 2 As shown, the frame 1 includes a mounting portion 11, and the laminate 2 is mounted in the mounting portion 11. The upper end surface of the mounting portion 11 has a plurality of first reflective surfaces 1111, wherein the upper end surface of the mounting portion refers to the end surface that is first illuminated by a light source (e.g., the sun). The first reflective surfaces 1111 are inclined along the height direction of the frame 1, and at least two of the first reflective surfaces 1111 have different reflection angles.

[0059] A first reflective surface 1111 is provided on the upper surface of the mounting part 11, which can reflect part of the light that shines on the first reflective surface 1111 onto the laminate 2, allowing the laminate 2 to receive more light and improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module. Moreover, when there are at least two first reflective surfaces 1111 with different reflection angles, it is possible to ensure that when sunlight enters from different angles, there is a first reflective surface 1111 that can reflect light onto the laminate 2, further improving the utilization efficiency of light energy, thereby further improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0060] The inclination of the first reflective surface 1111 along the height direction of the frame 1 means that the first reflective surface 1111 has an angle with both the horizontal and vertical planes.

[0061] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the mounting part 11 includes a first clamping part 111 and a second clamping part 112 that are spaced apart along the height direction of the frame 1. The first clamping part 111 and the second clamping part 112 are used to clamp the laminate 2, thereby making the installation reliability of the laminate 2 and the frame 1 higher.

[0062] Along the height direction of the frame 1, the first clamping part 111 is located above the second clamping part 112, and the first reflective surface 1111 is disposed on the end face of the first clamping part 111 facing away from the second clamping part 112. That is, the upper end face of the frame 1 mentioned above refers to the upper end face of the first clamping part 111. Furthermore, along the direction closer to the second clamping part 112, the reflection angle of adjacent first reflective surfaces 1111 gradually increases.

[0063] In this plan, see Figure 2 To ensure that the light reflected by each first reflecting surface 1111 can be reflected onto the surface of the laminate 2, the reflection angle required for the first reflecting surface 1111 that is farther away from the second clamping part 112 is larger. The gradually increasing reflection angle of the first reflecting surface 1111 can ensure that the first reflecting surface 1111 at different heights can accurately reflect the light onto the surface of the laminate 2, thereby improving the utilization rate of light energy by the laminate 2.

[0064] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first reflecting surface 1111 has a first included angle α with the horizontal plane, satisfying: 105°≤α≤150°. For example, the angle of the first included angle α can be: 110°, 115°, 120°, 125°, 130°, 135°, 140°, or 145°.

[0065] In this design, when α is too small, the light reflected from the first reflecting surface 1111 (i.e., the uppermost first reflecting surface 1111 among all the first reflecting surfaces 1111) away from the second clamping part 112 will be blocked by other surfaces of the first clamping part 111, preventing the reflected light from reaching the surface of the laminate 2, resulting in low light energy utilization. When α is too large, the light will be reflected by the first reflecting surface 1111 in a direction away from the second clamping part 112, preventing the reflected light from reaching the surface of the laminate 2 and thus failing to improve light energy utilization. In this design, when 105°≤α≤150°, the reflection angle of the first reflecting surface 1111 is moderate, enabling the light to be reflected by each first reflecting surface 1111 to the surface of the laminate 2, significantly improving light energy utilization.

[0066] Among them, the reflection angle of all the first reflecting surfaces 1111 can be between 105° and 150°.

[0067] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 2As shown, the upper surface of the first clamping part 111 opposite to the second clamping part 112 also has a second reflective surface 1112, and adjacent first reflective surfaces 1111 are connected through the second reflective surface 1112, that is, the first reflective surface 1111 and the second reflective surface 1112 are alternately arranged.

[0068] In this scheme, by setting a second reflective surface 1112, the upper surface of the first clamping part 111 is completely covered by the first reflective surface 1111 and the second reflective surface 1112. More reflective surfaces can reflect more light to the laminate 2, further improving the utilization rate of light energy by the laminate 2, thereby further improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0069] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the second reflective surface 1112 can be a horizontal surface or an inclined surface that is tilted towards the second clamping part 112 along the height direction.

[0070] In this design, when the second reflecting surface 1112 is a horizontal plane, the first reflecting surface 1111 and the second reflecting surface 1112 form a stepped structure, making the upper end surface of the first clamping part 111 a stepped surface. Stepped surfaces have the advantage of being easy to process. At this time, the second reflecting surface 1112 can reflect the incident light to the adjacent first reflecting surface 1111, and then reflect the light onto the laminate 2 through the first reflecting surface 1111. When the second reflecting surface 1112 is an inclined surface tilted towards the second clamping part 112, the second reflecting surface 1112 can not only reflect the light to the adjacent first reflecting surface 1111, but also directly reflect the light onto the laminate 2, further improving the utilization rate of light energy by the laminate 2.

[0071] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the second reflecting surface 1112 has a second included angle β with the horizontal plane, satisfying: 0°≤β≤30°. For example, the angle of the second included angle β can be: 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 23°, or 25°.

[0072] In this design, when β < 0°, i.e., when the second reflective surface 1112 is tilted upwards, it cannot reflect light towards the laminate 2, but instead reflects it upwards. This causes some incident light to be reflected between the first reflective surface 1111 and the second reflective surface 1112, failing to reach the laminate 2 and resulting in wasted light energy. When β is too large, the second reflective surface 1112 occupies a larger height along the frame 1, reducing the number of first reflective surfaces 1111 and second reflective surfaces 1112 that can be set along the height of the frame 1, thus lowering the light energy utilization rate. In this design, when 0° ≤ β ≤ 30°, not only can the second reflective surface 1112 be used to directly or indirectly reflect light onto the laminate 2, improving the light energy utilization rate, but more first reflective surfaces 1111 and second reflective surfaces 1112 can also be arranged, resulting in better light utilization.

[0073] In the above embodiments, the first reflective surface 1111 and the second reflective surface 1112 are surface treated by at least one of mirror polishing, chrome plating or coating, so that the first reflective surface 1111 and the second reflective surface 1112 have good reflective ability and high reflection efficiency, which can effectively reflect light onto the laminate 2 and improve the utilization rate of light.

[0074] On the other hand, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first clamping part 111 has a groove 1113, and the sidewall of the groove 1113 forms a first pressing section 1114 and a second pressing section 1115, which are used to abut against the laminate 2.

[0075] In this design, providing a groove 1113 in the first clamping part 111 can reduce the material used in the first clamping part 111 and lower production costs. The first pressing section 1114 and the second pressing section 1115 on both sides of the groove 1113 are used to abut against the upper end face of the laminate 2, and the lower end face of the laminate 2 abuts against the second clamping part 112. By clamping the laminate 2 with the two pressing sections and the second clamping part 112, the dynamic load adaptability of the clamping can be improved and the reliability of the clamping can be enhanced.

[0076] In one specific embodiment, the contact portions of the first clamping part 111 and the second clamping part 112 with the laminate 2 are rounded, so that the contact surfaces of the first clamping part 111 and the second clamping part 112 with the laminate 2 are smooth, preventing damage to the surface of the laminate 2 during installation and affecting work efficiency.

[0077] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the frame 1 also includes a connecting part 12, which is used to connect with the connecting part 12 of another frame 1.

[0078] In this solution, a connecting part 12 is provided on the frame 1. When different frames 1 are connected, they are positioned and connected through the connecting part 12, which makes it easy to connect different frames 1 together during installation and improves installation efficiency.

[0079] The above descriptions are merely specific implementations of the embodiments of this application, but the protection scope of the embodiments of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the embodiments of this application should be covered within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of the embodiments of this application should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A bezel, characterized in that, The frame (1) comprises a mounting portion (11) for mounting a laminated component (2), an upper end surface of the mounting portion (11) has at least two first reflecting surfaces (1111), the first reflecting surfaces (1111) are inclined, and reflecting angles of the at least two first reflecting surfaces (1111) are different.

2. The bezel of claim 1, wherein, The mounting portion (11) comprises a first clamping portion (111) and a second clamping portion (112) which are spaced apart along a height direction of the frame (1) and are used for clamping the laminated component (2), the first clamping portion (111) is located above the second clamping portion (112), and the first reflecting surfaces (1111) are arranged on an upper end surface of the first clamping portion (111) which faces away from the second clamping portion (112). In a direction close to the second clamping portion (112), reflecting angles of adjacent first reflecting surfaces (1111) gradually increase.

3. The bezel of claim 2, wherein, The first reflecting surfaces (1111) have a first included angle α with a horizontal plane, and the first included angle α satisfies 105°≤α≤150°.

4. The bezel of claim 2, wherein, The upper end surface of the first clamping portion (111) which faces away from the second clamping portion (112) further has a second reflecting surface (1112), and adjacent first reflecting surfaces (1111) are connected through the second reflecting surface (1112).

5. The bezel of claim 4, wherein, The second reflecting surface (1112) is a horizontal plane or an inclined plane which is inclined towards the second clamping portion (112).

6. The bezel of claim 4, wherein, The second reflecting surface (1112) has a second included angle β with a horizontal plane, and the second included angle β satisfies 0°≤β≤30°.

7. The bezel of claim 4, wherein, The first reflecting surfaces (1111) and the second reflecting surfaces (1112) are at least one of mirror polished, chrome plated, or coated.

8. The border of any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein, The first clamping portion (111) has a groove (1113), a side wall of the groove (1113) forms a first pressing section (1114) and a second pressing section (1115), and the first pressing section (1114) and the second pressing section (1115) are used for abutting against the laminated component (2).

9. The bezel of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The frame (1) further comprises a connecting portion (12) which is used for connecting with a connecting portion (12) of another frame (1).

10. A photovoltaic module, characterized by, The photovoltaic module comprises: a laminated component (2); a frame (1), the frame (1) is the frame (1) in any one of claims 1 to 9, and the mounting portion (11) of the frame (1) is connected with an edge of the laminated component (2).

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