Laser processing device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of laser processing, and discloses a laser processing device. The laser processing device comprises a shell, a nozzle and an air knife piece. A light outlet channel and an air supply channel are arranged in the shell side by side. The nozzle is arranged at the front end of the shell and provided with a light outlet. And the air knife part is used for outputting the protective gas transmitted in the air supply channel and enabling the protective gas to enter the nozzle, so that the protective gas is output from the light outlet. Wherein a partition plate is arranged in the nozzle, a channel in the nozzle is divided into a first channel and a second channel by the partition plate, and the first channel is located on the central axis of the nozzle and used for outputting laser; the second channel is arranged on the side away from the air knife piece and used for outputting protective gas and impurities. The laser processing device can reduce or prevent flue gas, splash and other sundries from polluting the protective glass, reduce the replacement frequency of the protective glass, prolong the service life of equipment, reduce the production cost and improve the welding quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of laser processing technology, and in particular to a laser processing device. Background Technology

[0002] Laser welding is a highly efficient and precise welding method that utilizes a high-energy-density laser beam as a heat source. It is an important application of laser materials processing. In the 1970s, laser welding was mainly used for welding thin-walled materials or in low-speed welding applications. The welding process is heat conduction type; the laser radiation heats the workpiece surface, and the surface heat diffuses inward through heat conduction. By controlling parameters such as the laser pulse width, energy, peak power, and repetition frequency, the workpiece melts, forming a specific molten pool. Due to its unique advantages, it has been successfully applied to the precision welding of micro and small parts.

[0003] During laser welding, impurities such as fumes and spatter are easily generated. These impurities can fly up and enter the channel of the gun barrel through the light outlet of the nozzle, thus contaminating the protective mirror located inside the gun barrel. The contamination of the protective mirror by the impurities will affect the quality of the weld.

[0004] In existing technologies, laser welding heads typically use anti-slag channels inside the barrel or output protective gas near the protective lens to prevent fumes and spatter from entering the welding torch. However, this method is not very effective, and some fumes and spatter will still enter the welding torch and contaminate the protective lens. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser processing device that solves the problem in the prior art where the use of the gun barrel to form a slag-removing channel to prevent fumes and spatter from entering the welding gun results in poor impurity removal. This laser processing device can effectively reduce or eliminate the contamination of the protective lens inside the gun barrel by fumes, spatter, and other debris, thereby reducing the frequency of protective lens replacement and increasing the service life of the protective lens.

[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A laser processing apparatus, comprising:

[0008] The housing has parallel light-emitting channels and air-supplying channels inside.

[0009] A nozzle is disposed at the front end of the housing, and the nozzle has a light outlet;

[0010] An air knife is used to output the protective gas transmitted in the air supply channel and enter the nozzle, so that the protective gas is output from the light outlet.

[0011] The nozzle is provided with a partition plate, one end of which is located at the light outlet, and the other end of which does not extend beyond the front end of the air knife. The partition plate divides the channel inside the nozzle into a first channel and a second channel.

[0012] The first channel is located on the central axis of the nozzle and is used to output laser light;

[0013] The second channel is located on the side away from the air knife and is used to output the protective gas and impurities.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the air knife is fixedly mounted on the nozzle.

[0015] In some possible implementations, the air knife is configured as an arc-shaped cylinder, one end of which is provided with a cavity communicating with the air supply channel, and the side plane of the arc-shaped cylinder is provided with an air outlet communicating with the cavity, inclined and close to the light outlet.

[0016] In some possible implementations, the air outlet is tilted toward the light outlet.

[0017] In some possible implementations, the air outlet is a round hole or an elongated hole.

[0018] In some possible implementations, when the air outlet is a round hole, a plurality of the round holes are arranged in an array, or in a circular pattern, or in a U-shape, or in an X-shape; when the air outlet is a long strip hole, a plurality of the long strip holes are arranged alternately.

[0019] In some possible implementations, the air outlet has an air outlet direction of a first direction, the laser has an output direction of a second direction, and the angle θ between the first direction and the second direction is an inclination angle, wherein the range of the angle θ is 30°≤θ≤60°.

[0020] In some possible implementations, the cavity wall of the air knife is recessed with an air guide groove that communicates with the air outlet, and the air guide groove is used to guide the protective gas to the air outlet.

[0021] In some possible implementations, a stepped protrusion is provided on the inner wall between the second channel of the nozzle and the light outlet, the stepped protrusion being used to prevent the protective gas output from the air outlet from entering the housing.

[0022] In some possible implementations, the housing is provided with a three-stage slag-blocking ring with a stepped structure to prevent impurities entering the housing from contaminating the protective mirror inside the housing.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0024] The laser processing apparatus provided by this utility model, by setting a partition plate inside the nozzle, divides the channel inside the nozzle into a first channel and a second channel. The second channel is located on the side away from the air knife. The air knife outputs the protective gas transmitted in the air supply channel and enters the nozzle. The protective gas blows out impurities generated during laser welding from the second channel. One end of the partition plate is located at the light outlet, and the other end of the partition plate does not exceed the front end of the air knife. This ensures that the protective gas is output from the air knife and then output to the outside of the nozzle through the second channel. This further ensures that the protective gas outputs impurities from the second channel away from the air knife, reducing or eliminating the contamination of the protective lens by fumes, spatter, and other debris, reducing the replacement frequency of the protective lens, increasing the service life of the equipment, reducing production costs, and improving welding quality. In addition, the laser processing apparatus provided by this utility model has a better air isolation effect at the weld seam during the welding process, resulting in better welding quality. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the laser processing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-stage slag-blocking ring and negative pressure chamber of the shell provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle and housing after assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the air knife component provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional view of the nozzle from one perspective provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional view of the nozzle from another perspective provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional view of the air knife component from one perspective provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0033] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional view of the air knife component from another perspective provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0034] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the angle θ involved in the embodiments of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the assembled gun body, shell, and nozzle provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0036] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the gun body, shell, and nozzle after assembly, provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0037] Figure 13 It is simulation data from the previous generation of equipment;

[0038] Figure 14 This is simulation data of the laser processing device provided in this embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] In the picture:

[0040] 100. Shell; 110. Light emission channel; 120. Air supply channel; 130. Three-stage slag-blocking ring; 140. Negative pressure chamber; 200. Nozzle; 210. Light emission port; 220. Divider plate; 230. First channel; 240. Second channel; 250. Stepped protrusion; 300. Air knife component; 310. Air outlet; 320. Air guide groove; 330. Air inlet; 400. Gun body. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, not the entire structure.

[0042] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0043] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0044] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0045] This embodiment provides a laser processing device designed to solve the problem in the prior art where the use of the gun barrel to form a slag-removing channel to prevent fumes and spatter from entering the welding gun results in poor impurity removal. This laser processing device can effectively reduce or eliminate the contamination of the protective mirror by fumes, spatter, and other debris, thereby reducing the frequency of protective mirror replacement and increasing the service life of the protective mirror.

[0046] See Figures 1 to 12As shown, the laser processing device includes a housing 100, a nozzle 200, and an air knife 300. The housing 100 has parallel light emission channels 110 and air supply channels 120. An optical path is formed within the light emission channel 110, and a protective lens is disposed on the optical path, thus forming the light propagation path. The nozzle 200 is located at the front end of the housing 100 and has an outlet 210. The laser emitted by the laser passes through the light emission channel 110, which serves as a transmission channel for the laser, allowing it to enter the nozzle 200 and exit through the outlet 210. The air knife 300 is used to output the protective gas transmitted within the air supply channel 120 and into the nozzle 200, so that the protective gas exits through the outlet 210. During installation, the air knife 300 can be fixedly mounted on the nozzle 200. A partition plate 220 is provided inside the nozzle 200. One end of the partition plate 220 is located at the light outlet 210, and the other end of the partition plate 220 does not extend beyond the front end of the air knife 300. The partition plate 220 divides the channel inside the nozzle 200 into a first channel 230 and a second channel 240. The first channel 230 is located on the central axis of the nozzle 200 and is used for laser output; the second channel 240 is located on the side away from the air knife 300 and is used for outputting protective gas. See also Figure 11 and Figure 12 During assembly, the housing 100 is installed at the front end of the gun body 400.

[0047] The aforementioned laser processing apparatus, by setting a partition plate 220 inside the nozzle 200, divides the channel inside the nozzle 200 into a first channel 230 and a second channel 240. The second channel 240 is located on the side away from the air knife 300. The air knife 300 outputs the protective gas transmitted in the air supply channel 120 and enters the nozzle 200. The protective gas blows out impurities generated during the laser welding process from the second channel 240. One end of the partition plate 220 is located at the light outlet 210, and the other end of the partition plate 220 does not exceed the front end of the air knife 300, so as to ensure that the protective gas is blown horizontally or obliquely across the laser beam and transmitted to the opposite side and output from the nozzle 200. This further ensures that the protective gas outputs impurities from the second channel 240 away from the air knife 300, reducing or eliminating the contamination of the protective mirror by fumes, spatter, and other debris, reducing the replacement frequency of the protective mirror, increasing the service life of the equipment, reducing production costs, and improving welding quality.

[0048] In this embodiment, the air knife 300 is configured as an arc-shaped cylinder. One end of the arc-shaped cylinder has a cavity communicating with the air supply channel 120, and the side plane of the arc-shaped cylinder has an air outlet 310 that communicates with the cavity, is inclined, and approaches the light outlet 210. The arc surface of the arc-shaped cylinder can fit snugly against the arc wall of the nozzle 200, improving installation reliability. Specifically, the end face of the arc-shaped cylinder has an air inlet 330 that communicates with the air supply channel 120.

[0049] Optionally, the air outlet 310 is a round hole or an elongated hole. In other embodiments, the air outlet 310 may also be configured with other shapes, such as an oval shape, as needed.

[0050] Furthermore, when the air outlet 310 is a round hole, several round holes are arranged in an array, a circular pattern, a U-shape, or an X-shape. When the air outlet 310 is an elongated hole, several elongated holes are staggered. This arrangement ensures omnidirectional airflow and prevents impurities from entering the protective mirror.

[0051] Preferably, the air outlet 310 has a first air outlet direction and a second laser output direction. The angle θ between the first and second directions is an inclination angle, with θ ranging from 30° to 60°. The width of the air outlet 310 ranges from 0.2mm to d to 1.0mm. This configuration allows the protective gas to be output at an angle towards the air outlet 310 into the nozzle 200, and then output along the inner wall of the nozzle 200 through the light outlet 210. This prevents debris from entering the nozzle 200, effectively protecting the protective mirror inside the housing 100 from contamination, extending its service life, and reducing operating costs. In this embodiment, the width of the air outlet 310 is 0.2mm. In other embodiments, the width of the air outlet 310 can be set to 0.3mm, 0.4mm, or other values, depending on the requirements.

[0052] Optionally, the cavity wall of the air outlet 310 of the air knife 300 is recessed with an air guide groove 320 that communicates with the air outlet 310. The air guide groove 320 is used to guide the protective gas to the air outlet 310, which is more conducive to the air outlet 310 discharging the protective gas.

[0053] Optionally, the inner wall of the nozzle 200 is provided with a stepped protrusion 250 for slag blocking and which is opposite to the air knife 300. The stepped protrusion 250 is specifically provided on the inner wall between the second channel 240 and the light outlet 210 of the nozzle 200. The stepped protrusion 250 is used to block the protective gas output from the air outlet 310 or impurities in the nozzle 200 from entering the housing 100, so as to avoid contaminating the protective mirror.

[0054] Preferably, a stepped three-stage slag-blocking ring 130 is provided inside the housing 100 to prevent impurities entering the housing 100 from contaminating the protective mirror. The protective gas blown out by the air knife 300 deflects the welding slag and transmits it out of the nozzle 200. The stepped structure of the three-stage slag-blocking ring 130 further prevents welding slag penetrating into the housing 100 and entering its depths. In this embodiment, the three-stage slag-blocking ring 130 has three spaced-apart slag-blocking surfaces, which are spaced apart along the axial direction of the housing 100. Specifically, the end face of the three-stage slag-blocking ring 130 near the nozzle 200 constitutes the first slag-blocking surface, and the inner wall of the three-stage slag-blocking ring 130 is recessed with spaced-apart second and third slag-blocking surfaces. In other embodiments, the number of slag-blocking surfaces can be set to other values, such as two or four, as needed.

[0055] In this embodiment, a negative pressure chamber 140 is provided at the end of the housing 100 away from the nozzle 200. As the protective gas output from the air outlet 310 flows toward the nozzle 200, a negative pressure environment is formed on the side opposite to the blowing direction of the air outlet 310, forming a negative pressure chamber 140 near the protective mirror. The negative pressure chamber 140 effectively prevents the protective mirror from being contaminated by impurities such as welding slag, thereby improving the service life of the protective mirror.

[0056] The laser processing apparatus provided in this embodiment is subjected to simulation calculations, and the simulation data is as follows: Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, Figure 13 This is simulation data from the previous generation of equipment. Figure 14 Simulation data for the laser processing apparatus provided in this embodiment. Figure 13 In the previous generation of equipment shown, during laser welding, fumes and spatter were generated at the weld joint. These impurities were ejected and entered the channel of the gun barrel (one end of the gun barrel has the nozzle 200, and the other end has the protective mirror) through the light outlet 210 of the nozzle 200, thus contaminating the protective mirror located at the end of the gun barrel away from the nozzle 200 and affecting the welding quality. According to simulation experimental data, the turbulent kinetic energy output from the light outlet 210 of the nozzle 200 of the laser processing device in this embodiment is greater than that of the previous generation equipment. The shielding gas isolates the weld seam from air for a longer time. By setting up the air knife 300, the stepped protrusion 250, and the three-stage slag-blocking ring 130 to provide multi-stage protection for the protective mirror, the laser processing device has a better impurity removal effect, reduces the replacement frequency of the protective mirror, reduces the manufacturing cost, achieves effective protection of the weld seam, and improves the welding quality.

[0057] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the protection scope of this utility model. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A laser processing apparatus characterized by comprising: The application relates to a laser protection device. The laser protection device comprises a shell (100) provided with a light outlet channel (110) and an air supply channel (120); a nozzle (200) arranged at the front end of the shell (100), wherein the nozzle (200) is provided with a light outlet (210); and a wind knife (300) arranged at the front end of the shell (100), wherein the wind knife (300) is used for outputting protective gas transmitted in the air supply channel (120) into the nozzle (200) so that the protective gas is output from the light outlet (210). A partition plate (220) is arranged in the nozzle (200), one end of the partition plate (220) is arranged at the light outlet (210), and the other end of the partition plate (220) does not exceed the front end of the wind knife (300), the partition plate (220) divides the channel in the nozzle (200) into a first channel (230) and a second channel (240). The first channel (230) is arranged on the side close to the wind knife (300) and is used for outputting laser. The second channel (240) is arranged on the side away from the wind knife (300) and is used for outputting the protective gas. The wind knife (300) is fixedly arranged on the nozzle (200). The shell (100) is provided with three-stage slag blocking rings (130) in a stepped structure, which are used for avoiding impurities entering the shell (100) from polluting the protective mirror in the shell (100).

2. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by The wind knife (300) is arranged as a circular arc column, one end of the circular arc column is provided with a cavity in communication with the air supply channel (120), and the side plane of the circular arc column is provided with an air outlet (310) in communication with the cavity and arranged to be inclined and close to the light outlet (210).

3. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by The air outlet (310) is arranged to be inclined to the light outlet (210) in the air outlet direction.

4. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by The air outlet (310) is a circular hole or a long strip hole.

5. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 4, characterized by When the air outlet (310) is a circular hole, a plurality of circular holes are arranged in an array, a circular pattern, a U-shaped pattern or an X-shaped pattern, and when the air outlet (310) is a long strip hole, a plurality of long strip holes are arranged in a staggered manner.

6. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 4, characterized by The air outlet direction of the air outlet (310) is a first direction, the output direction of the laser is a second direction, the included angle theta between the first direction and the second direction is an inclination angle, and the range of the included angle theta is 30 DEG <= theta <= 60 DEG.

7. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 6, characterized by A wind guide groove (320) in communication with the air outlet (310) is arranged in the cavity wall of the wind knife (300), and the wind guide groove (320) is used for guiding the protective gas to the air outlet (310).

8. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 4, characterized by A stepped protrusion (250) is arranged on the inner wall between the second channel (240) and the light outlet (210), and the stepped protrusion (250) is used for blocking the protective gas output from the air outlet (310) or impurities in the nozzle (200) from entering the shell (100).

9. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 4, characterized by ​ 10. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 4, characterized by ​

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