Locking type double-layer damping fastener

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of rail transit, and discloses an upper locking type double-layer vibration reduction fastener which comprises an upper base plate, a lower base plate, a middle elastic base plate, an under-rail elastic base plate, anchoring spikes, elastic strips and an upper locking system for pre-assembling the upper base plate, the lower base plate and the middle elastic base plate into a whole. The upper locking system comprises a connecting sleeve and a stop block, the connecting sleeve is sleeved with the through hole of the upper base plate and provided with a pressing flange, the connecting sleeve is matched with the periphery of the hollow boss of the lower base plate to form an annular penetrating groove, and a containing groove is formed in the position corresponding to the penetrating groove. The stop block is clamped on the outer side of the hollow boss and clamped into the clamping groove in the outer side of the hollow boss through the containing groove to achieve limiting. According to the locking type double-layer vibration reduction fastener, through modular design, rapid installation can be completed under the condition that extra machining and debugging are not needed, the locking type double-layer vibration reduction fastener is suitable for pretightening force adjustment under the condition that different sleepers are matched with steel rails, and the adaptability and reliability of a track structure are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of rail transit technology, and in particular relates to a locking double-layer vibration damping fastener. Background Technology

[0002] Railway sleeper fastening devices are key components in track structures used to firmly connect rails and sleepers and provide necessary elastic support. With the widespread construction and operation of high-speed railways and heavy-haul railways, fastening devices must not only ensure the stable positioning and durable tensile performance of rails, but also possess effective vibration reduction and noise reduction capabilities to meet increasingly stringent requirements for operational safety and passenger comfort. Existing separable double-layer vibration-damping fastening systems typically consist of an upper pad, a lower pad, an under-rail elastic pad, an intermediate elastic pad, anchor bolts, elastic clips, and corresponding locking components. Through the overlapping of the upper and lower pads and the elastic pad layer, the pre-tightening of the anchor bolts, and the constraint of the elastic clips, the vertical constraint and lateral positioning of the rail are achieved, and under train loads, they provide vibration damping, buffering, and rapid recovery functions.

[0003] In traditional fastening systems, the upper and lower pads are mostly manufactured using casting processes to ensure sufficient mechanical strength and durability; the elastic pads are typically molded from natural or synthetic rubber materials, forming a double-layer elastic buffer structure; anchor bolts and spring clips are used to apply preload and prevent longitudinal rail displacement. To achieve relative positioning and rapid installation of fastening components, most designs also incorporate clips, snaps, or interference fit structures, allowing the upper and lower pads and connecting sleeves to be quickly and easily fitted into the pre-drilled holes in the sleeper after pre-assembly on-site.

[0004] However, existing detachable double-layer vibration damping fasteners still have several technical problems that need to be solved in practical applications:

[0005] (1) High installation accuracy requirements are difficult to meet consistently.

[0006] In the pre-assembly process of traditional fasteners, the base plate connecting sleeve needs to be inserted into the gap between the hollow boss of the lower pad and the through hole of the upper pad, and then positioned by rotation. Due to the large dimensional tolerances of the upper and lower pad castings, conventional processes cannot guarantee the fitting accuracy of the connecting sleeve and the upper and lower pads. If forced rotation is used for positioning, it may cause excessive localized stress on the connecting sleeve and the through hole or boss of the pad, resulting in restricted vertical freedom of the upper pad, affecting vibration damping performance, and even altering the stress state of related components, increasing the risk of fastener failure.

[0007] (2) The cost of parts processing and assembly is relatively high.

[0008] To meet the requirements of high-precision fitting, the castings often need to be processed or manually repaired during the production process, which results in low processing efficiency and high cost. During assembly, the position and rotation angle of the connecting sleeve need to be constantly adjusted, which makes the assembly cycle long and difficult, thus leading to a significant increase in the manufacturing and maintenance costs of the entire fastener system.

[0009] (3) The upper locking structure is not reliable and is prone to damage and failure.

[0010] The existing two-piece interference snap-lock upper locking system is prone to fatigue fracture under long-term vibration and alternating loads. Once the locking component fails, the entire upper locking system often needs to be replaced, increasing maintenance costs and potentially causing safety hazards such as rail loosening and sleeper displacement.

[0011] Therefore, although traditional double-layer vibration damping fasteners can meet the vibration reduction and positioning requirements of railways to a certain extent, their installation accuracy is difficult to guarantee, processing and assembly costs are high, on-site maintenance is inconvenient, and the upper locking system is easily damaged. These problems restrict the reliability and widespread application of the fastener system, and there is an urgent need to improve the structural design and locking method to overcome the above defects. Utility Model Content

[0012] In view of this, the present invention aims to solve the technical problems of detachable double-layer vibration damping fasteners, such as difficulty in ensuring installation accuracy, high processing and assembly costs, easy damage to the upper locking system, and inconvenience in on-site maintenance, and provides a lockable double-layer vibration damping fastener.

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is implemented as follows:

[0014] A locking double-layer vibration damping fastener includes an upper pad, a lower pad, an intermediate elastic pad, a rail under-rail elastic pad, anchor spikes, and spring strips. It also includes an upper locking system that pre-assembles the upper pad, lower pad, and intermediate elastic pad into a single unit. The upper locking system includes:

[0015] A connecting sleeve includes a connecting sleeve body, which is fitted into the through hole of the upper pad and has a pressing flange on the top. The connecting sleeve body and the hollow boss of the lower pad cooperate to form an annular through groove.

[0016] The stop block is positioned on the outside of the hollow protrusion.

[0017] A locking groove is provided on the outside of the hollow boss, and a receiving groove is provided on the connecting sleeve body at the position of the locking groove corresponding to the annular through groove. The stop block is inserted into the receiving groove and is locked and limited by the locking groove on the outside of the hollow boss.

[0018] Furthermore, a first limiting protrusion and a second limiting protrusion are provided on the outer side of the hollow protrusion along the vertical direction. A locking groove is formed between the first limiting protrusion and the second limiting protrusion. The blocking block body is provided with a second clearance groove to cooperate with the first limiting protrusion for limiting.

[0019] Furthermore, the second clearance groove opens upward and is semi-enclosed and locked outside the first limiting protrusion, and the lower end of the block body is supported and limited by the second limiting protrusion and / or the supporting protrusion in the receiving groove.

[0020] Furthermore, a first clearance groove is provided on the support boss, the first clearance groove is connected to the receiving groove, and the first clearance groove is used to avoid the second limiting protrusion when the connecting sleeve is assembled downward.

[0021] Furthermore, the upper locking system also includes:

[0022] The locking block is set in the installation gap between the stop block and the main body of the connecting sleeve, and locks the connecting sleeve, the stop block and the locking block together by limiting the upper and lower movement of the stop block.

[0023] Furthermore, the locking block is provided with an elastic structure, which can deform under external force and automatically reset after the force is lost. The elastic structure and the stop block are locked in the upper and lower positions through a concave-convex fit.

[0024] Furthermore, an avoidance slope angle is provided on the side of the elastic structure away from the stop block to provide deformation space for the elastic structure during the installation and removal of the locking block.

[0025] Furthermore, a first opening groove is provided on the elastic structure, the opening direction of the first opening groove is staggered with the setting direction of the first limiting rib, and a first baffle is provided in the first opening groove.

[0026] Furthermore, the upper part of the block body is divided into two first lugs by the second clearance groove, and the first lugs are correspondingly provided with the two second lugs in the elastic structure that are separated by the first opening groove.

[0027] Furthermore, two accommodating slots are symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the connecting sleeve body, and locking blocks and stop blocks are provided in both accommodating slots for coordinated locking.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the locking double-layer vibration damping fastener of this utility model has the following advantages:

[0029] 1. The locking double-layer vibration damping fastener described in this application uses a modular design to divide the upper locking system into two independent structures: a connecting sleeve and a stop block. The main body of the connecting sleeve has symmetrical double receiving grooves at the corresponding positions of the annular through groove for locking the stop block. Limiting protrusions are arranged on the upper and lower hollow protrusions of the lower pad plate to form a locking groove. Through the cooperation of the second clearance groove of the stop block with the first limiting protrusion and the cooperation of the first clearance groove and the second limiting protrusion on the support protrusion below the receiving groove, precise horizontal positioning and stable vertical support are achieved. Compared with the traditional rotary locking method, high-precision assembly can be completed within the standard casting tolerance range without secondary processing and on-site debugging, effectively reducing production and assembly costs and significantly improving on-site installation efficiency.

[0030] 2. The locking double-layer vibration damping fastener described in this application introduces an elastic structural locking block that can deform under external force and automatically reset after loss of force. This locking block engages with the groove of the stop block to form a reliable upper and lower self-locking structure. An avoidance slope angle and a first baffle with a first opening groove are provided on the side away from the stop block to provide deformation space and tool force support for the elastic structural part. This not only prevents the fastener from falling off due to vibration, but also allows for partial replacement when the component is damaged, without the need for overall replacement. This improves the convenience of system maintenance and significantly reduces maintenance costs.

[0031] 3. The locking double-layer vibration damping fastener described in this application allows for flexible adjustment of the preload by changing the thickness of the stop block, meeting the usage requirements of different rail and sleeper conditions, improving the applicability and flexibility of the fastener system, and providing strong protection for the safety and stability of railway transportation. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the locking double-layer vibration damping fastener described in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0033] Figure 2 This is an exploded structural diagram of the upper locking system assembly of the locking double-layer vibration damping fastener described in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a partially enlarged structural diagram of the assembly of the upper locking system and the hollow boss on the lower pad according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure after removing the upper locking system;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower pad described in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the upper locking system assembly according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a side view of the connecting sleeve according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the stop block and the locking block according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0040] Figure 9 This is a side view of the stop block according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0041] Figure 10 This is a side view of the locking block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the upper locking system described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] The markings in the diagram are as follows:

[0044] 1-Upper pad; 2-Lower pad; 3-Intermediate elastic pad; 4-Rail under elastic pad; 5-Anchoring spike; 6-Elastic strip; 7-Upper locking system; 8-Locking cover plate; 9-Connecting sleeve; 901-Connecting sleeve body; 902-Pressure flange; 903-Annular through groove; 904-Accommodation groove; 905-Support boss; 906-First clearance groove; 907-First through groove; 10-Stop block; 1001-Stop block body; 1002-Second clearance groove; 1003- 1004-First limiting groove; 11-Locking block; 1101-Locking block body; 1102-First opening groove; 1103-First baffle; 1104-Elastic structure; 1105-First limiting rib; 1106-Second protruding ear; 12-Hollow boss; 13-First limiting protrusion; 14-Octagonal hole; 15-Second limiting protrusion; 16-Limiting ridge; 17-Tooth; 18-Positioning groove; 100-Fastening system; 200-Rail. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. For ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0047] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and are not limited in number; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0048] It should be noted that in the description of this application, the directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0049] It should be noted that, in this application, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0050] like Figures 1-11 As shown, this application discloses a locking double-layer vibration damping fastener, including an upper pad 1, a lower pad 2, an intermediate elastic pad 3, a rail under-rail elastic pad 4, an anchoring spike 5, and a spring strip 6, and also includes an upper locking system 7, the upper locking system 7 comprising:

[0051] The connecting sleeve 9 includes a connecting sleeve body 901, which is fitted into the through hole of the upper pad 1 and has a pressing flange 902 on the top. The connecting sleeve body 901 and the hollow boss 12 of the lower pad 2 cooperate to form an annular through groove 903, and a receiving groove 904 is provided on the annular through groove 903.

[0052] The stop block 10 is engaged on the outside of the hollow boss 12. A locking groove 18 is provided on the outside of the hollow boss 12. The stop block 10 can be engaged in the receiving groove 904 and locked by the locking groove 18, thereby pre-assembling the upper pad 1, the lower pad 2 and the middle elastic pad 3 into one piece.

[0053] The locking double-layer vibration damping fastener disclosed in this application includes an upper locking system 7 for assembling an upper pad 1, a lower pad 2, and an intermediate elastic pad 3 into a single unit. The upper locking system 7 comprises a connecting sleeve 9 and a stop block 10. After the anchoring spike 5 passes through the upper pad 1, the intermediate elastic pad 3, and the lower pad 2 and is screwed into the pre-embedded bolt hole of the sleeper, and is initially constrained by the elastic strip 6, the connecting sleeve 9 first vertically positions the upper pad 1 and the connecting sleeve body 901 through its top pressing flange 902. An annular through groove 903 is formed on the inner side of the connecting sleeve body 901 to mate with the hollow boss 12 of the lower pad 2. A receiving groove 904 is provided at the position of the annular through groove 903 on the connecting sleeve body 901, and a locking groove 18 is provided on the outer side of the hollow boss 12. The stop block 10... The rail 200 is installed from top to bottom along the receiving groove 904. When installed in place, it can be engaged and limited by the locking groove 18 on the outside of the hollow boss 12 to achieve horizontal left and right limit and vertical limit. This tightly clamps the upper and lower pads and the middle elastic pad 3 to form a high-rigidity locking structure, forming a continuous double-layer elastic buffer zone in the longitudinal and transverse directions to effectively disperse the vibration and noise generated by train operation. At the same time, the anchoring spike 5 and the elastic strip 6 continuously apply preload downward to ensure reliable contact between the rail 200 and the fastener system 100 and provide necessary longitudinal and transverse constraints. The entire fastener achieves a balance between vibration absorption and noise reduction and guiding constraint functions. Furthermore, the locking preload can be flexibly adjusted by changing the thickness of the stop block 10 to meet the installation requirements of different track conditions. In the example of this application, a limiting protrusion 16 is provided around the through hole of the upper pad 1, and the pressing flange 902 of the connecting sleeve 9 is pressed against the limiting protrusion 16.

[0054] The locking double-layer vibration damping fastener described in this application achieves modular design by splitting the upper locking system 7 into two independent structures: the connecting sleeve 9 and the stop block 10. Compared with the traditional interference snap fastener structure, it reduces the risk of overall failure due to fatigue fracture of the elastic locking component, lowers maintenance costs, and ensures that the assembly positioning accuracy is within the standard casting tolerance range, enabling rapid installation without secondary processing. Furthermore, the preload can be flexibly adjusted by changing the thickness of the stop block 10 to meet the usage requirements of different rail and sleeper conditions.

[0055] As a preferred example of this application, the upper locking system 7 further includes:

[0056] The locking block 11 is set in the installation gap between the stop block 10 and the connecting sleeve body 901, and locks the connecting sleeve 9, the stop block 10 and the locking block 11 together by limiting the upper and lower movement of the stop block 10.

[0057] In the example of this application, after the stop block 10 is installed in the receiving groove 904 of the connecting sleeve 9 and is locked by the locking groove 18, in order to prevent the stop block 10 from sliding out of the receiving groove 904 during use or transportation, a locking block 11 is provided in the gap between the connecting sleeve 9 and the stop block 10. The locking block 11 and the stop block 10 are locked together by the upper and lower cooperation of the locking block 11 and the stop block 10. The locking block 11 and the stop block 10 cooperate to bear the transmission of longitudinal and vertical loads from the rail 200, thereby tightly clamping the upper and lower pads and the middle elastic pad 3 to form a high-rigidity locking structure.

[0058] As a preferred example of this application, a first limiting protrusion 13 and a second limiting protrusion 15 are provided on the outer side of the hollow protrusion 12 of the lower pad plate 2. A locking groove 18 is formed between the first limiting protrusion 13 and the second limiting protrusion 15. Correspondingly, the stop block 10 includes a stop block body 1001, and a second clearance groove 1002 is provided on the stop block body 1001. The second clearance groove 1002 cooperates with the first limiting protrusion 13 for limiting. In the example of this application, by utilizing the first limiting protrusion 13 and the second limiting protrusion 15 arranged vertically on the outer side of the hollow protrusion 12 of the lower pad 2, and forming a locking groove 18 between them, the spatial structure is cleverly utilized. At the same time, by optimizing the structure of the stop block 10, a second clearance groove 1002 is provided on the stop block body 1001. This groove cooperates with the first limiting protrusion 13 located above to limit the movement, simplifying the installation process, improving assembly efficiency, and ensuring a tight connection between the stop block 10 and the lower pad 2. The second clearance groove 1002 opens to the upward side of the stop block body 1001 and is semi-enclosed and locked on the outer side of the first limiting protrusion 13, so that the stop block 10 can be accurately positioned during installation, avoiding performance degradation or failure due to improper installation.

[0059] As a preferred example of this application, the lower end of the stop block body 1001 is supported and limited by the second limiting protrusion 15 and / or the support protrusion 905 in the receiving groove 904. As a specific example of this application, the support protrusion 905 provided below the receiving groove 904 is in close contact with the lower surfaces of the locking block 11 and the stop block 10, providing vertical support force, thereby achieving precise positioning and reliable locking in multiple directions (upper, lower, and lateral). The entire upper locking system further enhances the cooperative force and stability between components based on the modular design.

[0060] As a preferred example of this application, a first clearance groove 906 is provided on the support boss 905, and the first clearance groove 906 communicates with the receiving groove 904. This arrangement, by providing a first clearance groove 906 on the support boss 905 that communicates with the receiving groove 904, prevents the bottom of the connecting sleeve 9 from interfering with the second limiting protrusion 15 on the hollow boss 12 when the connecting sleeve 9 is assembled downwards to the hollow boss 12 of the lower pad 2. As a preferred example of this application, a first through groove 907 is provided on the connecting sleeve body 901 at the location of the receiving groove 904. The first through groove 907 penetrates the connecting sleeve body 901 along the outer protruding direction (front-back direction) corresponding to the first limiting protrusion 13. Without affecting the limiting function, this optimizes the structural strength of the connecting sleeve 9, thereby improving the reliability and applicability of the entire sleeper fastening system.

[0061] As a preferred example of this application, two accommodating grooves 904 are symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the connecting sleeve body 901, and locking blocks 11 and stop blocks 10 are provided in both accommodating grooves 904 for cooperative locking. In the example of this application, the two accommodating grooves 904 symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the connecting sleeve body 901 are precisely fitted with the corresponding structures on the lower pad 2, and the locking blocks 11 and stop blocks 10 cooperate to achieve multi-directional limiting in the horizontal and vertical directions, thereby significantly improving the assembly positioning accuracy and locking reliability. The structure is simple, and the modular design and production greatly reduce processing and production costs, while also facilitating installation and maintenance.

[0062] As a preferred example of this application, the locking block 11 is provided with an elastic structure portion 1104. This elastic structure portion 1104 can deform under external force and automatically reset after the external force disappears. The elastic structure portion 1104 of the locking block 11 and the stop block 10 are locked vertically through a convex-concave fit. In this example, by providing the elastic structure portion 1104 on the locking block 11, a first limiting rib 1105 is provided on the side of the elastic structure portion 1104 near the stop block 10. Correspondingly, a first limiting groove 1004 is provided on the stop block 10 opposite to the side of the locking block 11. The first limiting rib 1105 engages with the first limiting groove 1004 to achieve reliable vertical locking. In another example of this application, the first limiting groove 1004 can also be provided on the elastic structure portion 1104, and the first limiting rib 1105 is provided on the corresponding outer surface of the stop block 10. This design effectively prevents the locking block 11 from falling off under vibration load by using the elastic structure 1104 of the locking block 11 to engage with the stop block 10, thereby improving locking reliability.

[0063] As a preferred example of this application, an avoidance slope angle is provided on the side of the elastic structure 1104 away from the stop block 10 to provide deformable space for the elastic structure 1104 when the locking block 11 is installed and removed. In the example of this application, by providing an avoidance slope angle on the side of the locking block 11 away from the stop block 10, the avoidance slope angle can be a sloped or arc-shaped surface structure. When the locking block 11 is pushed into the gap between the connecting sleeve 9 and the stop block 10 along the direction of the avoidance slope angle, the elastic structure part 1104 deforms under the pressure of external force. When the locking block 11 is installed in place, the elastic structure part 1104 automatically resets after the external force disappears. The protrusion of the elastic structure part 1104 bites into the groove of the stop block 10 and cooperates with the upper and lower limit members of the stop block 10 to form a reliable upper and lower position locking. This makes the upper pad 1, the middle elastic pad 3 and the lower pad 2 firmly combined to form a double-layer elastic buffer zone, which can absorb and disperse vibration under the action of train load, while anchoring the rail spikes and elastic strips to maintain lateral and longitudinal constraints to ensure the stable positioning and guiding function of the rail.

[0064] As a preferred example of this application, a first opening groove 1102 is provided on the elastic structure portion 1104, and the opening direction of the first opening groove 1102 is staggered with the setting direction of the first limiting rib 1105. In the example of this application, the locking block 11 includes a locking block body 1101, the elastic structure portion 1104 is disposed above the locking block body 1101, and an upward-opening first opening groove 1102 is provided on the elastic structure portion 1104. The setting of the first opening groove 1102 makes the elastic structure portion 1104 easier to deform during installation and disassembly. The elastic structure portions 1104 on the left and right sides of the first opening groove 1102 respectively form second lugs 1106. The first limiting rib 1105 is horizontal, and one of each of the two second lugs 1106 is provided. The avoidance slope is provided on the back of the second lugs 1106 where the first limiting rib 1105 is provided, and it is inclined from bottom to top towards the side closer to the stop block 10.

[0065] This application significantly reduces the elastic deformation resistance and makes the deformation process smoother by opening a first opening groove 1102 on the elastic structure part 1104 of the locking block 11.

[0066] As a preferred example of this application, a first baffle 1103 is provided on the first opening groove 1102. The first baffle 1103 is used to stop the first limiting protrusion 13 extending into the second clearance groove 1002. In the example of this application, the second clearance groove 1002 on the block body 1001 is correspondingly provided with the first opening groove 1102 on the locking block body 1101. The end of the first limiting protrusion 13 extending into the second clearance groove 1002 near the locking block 11 is stopped and limited by the first baffle 1103 in the first opening groove 1102. The setting of the first baffle 1103 also facilitates the locking block 11 to be supported by tools such as pliers when it is installed and disassembled, so as to remove and install the locking block 11.

[0067] This design adds a rectangular first baffle 1103 to the first opening groove 1102 of the locking block 11, so that the first limiting protrusion 13 can be accurately stopped after being inserted into the second clearance groove 1002, thereby achieving precise positioning and stopping of the locking block, and providing a reliable force point for the tool during disassembly, greatly simplifying the installation and maintenance process and reducing the difficulty of operation.

[0068] As a preferred example of this application, the upper sides of the block body 1001 are divided into two first lugs 1003 by the second clearance groove 1002. The first lugs 1003 and the second lugs 1106 in the locking block 11 are locked in the upper and lower positions by the cooperation of the first limiting rib 1105 and the first limiting groove 1004. Preferably, the first limiting groove 1004 is provided in the second lug 1106. This structure not only improves the installation accuracy of the block, ensuring the accurate positioning and stable support of the block 10 during installation, but also achieves a tight fit between the block 10 and the locking block 11 through the first lugs 1003, the second lugs 1106 of the locking block 11, and the first limiting ribs 1105 and the first limiting grooves 1004 provided at the corresponding positions. This effectively prevents relative movement under vibration load. Moreover, this modular structure facilitates the partial replacement of damaged parts, is simple in structure, easy to install and disassemble, and reliable in use.

[0069] During the fastener assembly process, the stop block 10 is first inserted into the outer side of the hollow boss 12 of the lower pad 2, so that its second clearance groove 1002 engages with the first limiting boss 13, and the stop block 10 is positioned in three directions on the upper, left and right sides. The lower end of the stop block 10 is vertically supported and limited by the support boss 905 at the lower end of the connecting sleeve 9. Then, the locking block 11 is pushed in along the gap between the connecting sleeve 9 and the stop block 10. As the first baffle 1103 in the first opening groove 1102 is forcefully applied and continuously drives the locking block 11 to continue to move downward, the elastic structure part 1104 undergoes elastic deformation with the assistance of avoiding the slope angle. The first limiting rib 1105 of the elastic structure part 1104 engages with the first limiting groove 1004 on the stop block 10, completing the upper and lower position locking of the locking block 11. Thus, the upper pad 1, the middle elastic pad 3 and the lower pad 2 are firmly clamped together to form a double-layer elastic buffer structure.

[0070] As a preferred example of this application, an elongated hole 14 is provided on the inner side of the hollow boss 12, teeth 17 are provided on the upper surface of the hollow boss 12, and a locking cover plate 8 is provided above the connecting sleeve 9. The locking cover plate 8 is provided with anchor bolt holes and mating teeth that mesh with the teeth 17. The anchor bolt 5 passes through the anchor bolt holes and through the elongated hole 14 into the sleeper pre-embedded hole. In the example of this application, a longitudinal elongated hole 14 is provided on the inner side of the hollow boss 12 of the lower pad 2. The elongated hole 14 is aligned with the anchor bolt hole on the locking cover plate 8 during installation, so that the anchoring spike 5 can pass through the locking cover plate 8 and move freely in the elongated hole 14 in the direction perpendicular to the rail. A ring of teeth 17 is provided around the elongated hole 14 on the upper surface of the hollow boss 12. Correspondingly, a matching tooth is added to the lower side of the locking cover plate 8. The teeth 17 and the matching teeth mesh with each other after the anchoring spike 5 is tightened, completing the adjustment and locking between the fastening system and the track bed foundation. After the anchoring spike 5 passes through the pre-embedded hole of the sleeper, its movement in the elongated hole 14 can realize the fine adjustment of the track gauge. The meshing of the teeth 17 and the matching teeth ensures the accurate positioning after the adjustment and prevents instability.

[0071] The locking double-layer vibration damping fastener disclosed in this application is an upper-locking type, meaning that the pre-assembled structure and locking system of the fastener are located at the top of the fastener system. During assembly, the lower pad 2 is first placed on the sleeper's pre-drilled hole or a special clamp, ensuring the hollow boss 12 of the lower pad 2 faces upwards. Then, the intermediate elastic pad 3 is stacked on top of the lower pad 2, with the hollow boss 12 being avoided to ensure coaxial alignment with the lower pad 2. Next, the upper pad 1 is installed, placed on top of the intermediate elastic pad 3, ensuring the through hole of the upper pad 1 is aligned with the hollow boss 12 of both the intermediate elastic pad 3 and the lower pad 2. Finally, the connecting sleeve 9 is inserted, and the fastener is assembled from top to bottom... The connecting sleeve body 901 is inserted into the through hole of the upper pad 1 until the pressing flange 902 is pressed against the upper surface of the upper pad 1, and the receiving groove 904 of the connecting sleeve body 901 corresponds to the locking groove 18 on the outside of the hollow boss 12 of the lower pad 2; then the stop block 10 is installed, and the stop block 10 is inserted into the outside of the hollow boss 12 of the lower pad 2, extending into the locking groove 18 and being locked and limited by the first limiting protrusion 13, so that it engages with the receiving groove 904 of the connecting sleeve 9 at the same time. Through the cooperation of the receiving groove 904 and the locking groove 18, the upper and lower pads and the middle elastic pad 3 are limited in the horizontal and vertical directions. That is, the lower iron plate 2, the middle elastic pad 3 and the upper pad 1 are assembled and fixed by the mutual connection and limitation of the connecting sleeve 9 and the stop block 10. Finally, to prevent the stop block 10 from sliding out of the receiving groove 904 during use and transportation, the fastening system 100 is also provided with a locking block 11. The locking block 11 is pressed into the gap between the connecting sleeve body 901 and the stop block 10 from above, so that the elastic structure part 1104 of the locking block 11 and the groove of the stop block 10 form a convex-concave engagement. The locking block is pressed into its position from above to complete the assembly of the pre-assembled fastening system.

[0072] The locking double-layer vibration damping fastener described in this application divides the upper locking system 7 into two independent modules: a connecting sleeve 9 and a stop block 10. A double receiving groove 904 and an annular through groove 903 are symmetrically arranged inside the connecting sleeve body 901. A supporting boss 905 is provided below the receiving groove 904, and a first clearance groove 906 communicating with the receiving groove 904 is provided to avoid assembly interference. This structure, precisely engaged with the locking groove 18 on the hollow boss 12 of the lower pad 2, achieves horizontal left-right limiting and vertical up-down limiting, thus replacing the traditional interference-fit fastener method which is prone to fatigue and breakage. The preload can be flexibly adjusted by changing the thickness of the stop block 10 to adapt to different sleeper conditions. Furthermore, to further improve the assembly stability of the upper locking system 7 during transportation, a locking block 11 containing an elastic structural part 1104 is introduced. A self-locking structure is formed by the interlocking of the convex rib and the groove of the stop block. This structure can automatically reset after the external force disappears and reliably prevent detachment under vibration load.

[0073] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A locking type double-layer damping fastener comprising an upper base plate (1), a lower base plate (2), an intermediate elastic base plate (3), a rail-elastic base plate (4), an anchoring spike (5), and a spring strip (6), characterized in that, Also include the pre-assembly of the upper pad (1), the lower pad (2) and the intermediate elastic pad (3) into an integrated upper locking system (7), the upper locking system (7) comprises: The connecting sleeve (9) comprises a connecting sleeve body (901), the connecting sleeve body (901) is sleeved in the through hole of the upper pad (1) and provided with a pressing flange (902) at the top, the connecting sleeve body (901) is matched with the hollow boss (12) of the lower pad (2) to form an annular through slot (903); The stop block (10) is clamped on the outside of the hollow boss (12); The clamping groove (18) is arranged on the outside of the hollow boss (12), and the accommodating groove (904) is arranged on the connecting sleeve body (901) corresponding to the position of the clamping groove (18) in the annular through slot (903), the stop block (10) is clamped into the accommodating groove (904) and limited by the clamping groove (18) on the outside of the hollow boss (12).

2. The lockable double shear fastener of claim 1, wherein, The first limiting block (13) and the second limiting block (15) are arranged on the outside of the hollow boss (12) in the up-down direction, the clamping groove (18) is formed between the first limiting block (13) and the second limiting block (15), and the stop block body (1001) of the stop block (10) is provided with a second avoiding groove (1002) to limit the first limiting block (13).

3. The lockable double shear fastener of claim 2, wherein, The second avoiding groove (1002) is opened upward and clamped on the outside of the first limiting block (13) in a half-enclosed manner, and the lower end of the stop block body (1001) is supported and limited by the second limiting block (15) and / or the supporting boss (905) in the accommodating groove (904).

4. The lockable double shear fastener of claim 3, wherein, The first avoiding groove (906) is arranged on the supporting boss (905), the first avoiding groove (906) is communicated with the accommodating groove (904), and the first avoiding groove (906) is used for avoiding the second limiting block (15) when the connecting sleeve (9) is assembled downward.

5. The lockable double decoupling fastener according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein The upper locking system (7) further comprises: The locking block (11) is arranged in the installation gap between the stop block (10) and the connecting sleeve body (901), and the connecting sleeve (9), the stop block (10) and the locking block (11) are cooperatively locked by the up-down cooperation limiting of the stop block (10).

6. The lockable double shear fastener of claim 5, wherein, The elastic structure part (1104) is arranged on the locking block (11), which can be deformed under external force and automatically reset after losing force, and the elastic structure part (1104) and the stop block (10) are locked in the up-down direction by concave-convex cooperation.

7. The lockable double shear fastener of claim 6, wherein, The avoidance slope is arranged on the side of the elastic structure part (1104) away from the stop block (10), which provides a deformation space for the elastic structure part (1104) during the installation and disassembly of the locking block (11).

8. The lockable double shear fastener of claim 7, wherein, The first opening groove (1102) is arranged on the elastic structure part (1104), the opening direction of the first opening groove (1102) and the arrangement direction of the first limiting rib (1105) are arranged in a staggered manner, and the first baffle (1103) is arranged in the first opening groove (1102).

9. The lockable double shear fastener of claim 8, wherein, The upper part of the stop block body (1001) is divided into two first lug parts (1003) by a second avoiding groove (1002), and the first lug parts (1003) are correspondingly arranged with two second lug parts (1106) divided by a first opening groove (1102) in the elastic structure part (1104).

10. The lockable double shear fastener of claim 5, wherein, The two accommodating grooves (904) are symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the connecting sleeve body (901), and a locking block (11) and a stop block (10) are arranged in each of the two accommodating grooves (904) to cooperatively lock.

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